Mechanical Engineering History

El texto aborda el estudio de la implantación del complejo azucarero de San Juan y de San Isidro en los terrenos agrícolas de la Vega y su organización en el territorio. Un proyecto innovador que concilió la organización de la industria azucarera con las características físicas de un entorno agrario y sus preexistencias. La investigación muestra hasta qué punto la implantación y los criterios empleados para organizar los usos y las sucesivas ampliaciones a lo largo de los ciento dos años de vida del conjunto de ambas azucareras (1882-1984) estuvieron condicionados por la topografía, la estructura parcelaria agrícola y las acequias, un conjunto de elementos procedentes de la agricultura que, junto al trazado y posición de la línea del ferrocarril (1874), determinaron su implantación en el territorio. El estudio ha permitido elaborar una base documental inédita de este paisaje agro-industrial y sus infraestructuras a partir de planimetrías históricas y otras nuevas obtenidas de levantamientos y exploraciones de campo durante la investigación. Los dibujos y textos revelan los criterios empleados para el emplazamiento de ambas azucareras y cómo influyó el ferrocarril y la condición agrícola de este territorio en la inserción de las construcciones e infraestructuras dentro de una estructura parcelaria agrícola atravesada por acequias de riego.

Technical paper by W.D. Bensinger (Mercedes-Benz)
7 pages, 1964

> Content ...
> Einfuehrung  1
> Begriffsbestimmungen + Bauarten  2
  » a) Hubkolbenmaschine  2
  » b) Drehkolbenmaschine  2
  » c) Kreiskolbenmaschine  2
  » d + e) Umlaufkolbenmaschine  2
> Schwierigkeiten bei der Verwirklichung von Rotationskolbenmaschinen als Verbrennungsmotoren  3
  » a) Gas-Abdichtung  3
  » b) Schmierung  5
  » c) Abdeckung von Ein- + Auslass  5
  » d) Kuehlung  5
  » e) Arbeitsverfahren  5
  » f) Umbauter Raum + einfache Bauteile  5
> Heutiger technischer Stand der Rotationskolbenmotoren  6
  » a) NSU-Wankelmotor  6
  » b) Weitere Rotationskolbenmotoren  6
> Zusammenfassung  7

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

Report by Karl Ludvigsen in auto, motor + sport
7 pages, 1973

> Content ...
  » Stationen der Wankel-Entwicklung  4
  » Problem Herstellungskosten  4
  » Vereinfachte Abgasentgiftung  4
  » Anlasserproblem: laestig, doch loesbar  5
  » Hoher Kraftstoffverbrauch  5
  » Gefaehrliche Ueberhitzung  6
  » Der Erfinder + die Skeptiker  6
      » Alex von Falkenhausen  7
      » Stuart Perkins  7
      » Alan Loofbourrow  7
      » Rolf Mellde  7
      » Fred Oppenheimer  7
      » Ludwig Kraus  7

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

Technical paper in the MTZ by Walter Froede, NSU
11 pages, 1963

> Content ...
> 1. Einleitung  1

> 2. Prinzipversuche  1
  » a) Gehaeuseverschleiss  1
  » b) Dichtleistenverschleiss  2
  » c) Bewegung des Kuehloeles im Kolbeninneren  2
  » d) Flammenausbreitung  2
  » e) Verdichtung + Kerzenlage  3
  » f) Waermebilanz  3
  » g) Messung der Zahnkraefte  4
  » h) Zuendung  4
  » i) Start + Leerlauf  5
  » k) Oeldichtung  5
  » l) Fabrikationsversuche  5

> 3. Dauerlaeufe  5

> 4. KKM-Baugroessen im Rahmen der NSU-Entwicklung  6
  » a) KKM 60  6
  » b) KKM 150 W  6
  » c) KKM 150 L  6
  » d) KKM 400  6
  » e) KKM 500  6
  » f) KKM 2x300  6

> 5. KKM 150 W  6
  » a) Konstruktiver Aufbau  6
  » b) Pruefstandskenndaten  8

> 6. KKM 400  8
  » a) Konstruktiver Aufbau  8
  » b) Pruefstandsergebnisse  8

> 7. Anwendungsversuche  10
  » A. Motorrasenmaeher  10
  » B. Bootsantriebe  10
  » C. Kraftfahrzeugantriebe  11
  » D. Zusammenfassung  11

> + Meldung "Magirus-Tragkraftspritze mit NSU-Wankelmotor  11

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

In 2001 the Electric Energy Society of Australia (EESA) developed concerns based on anecdotal evidence that there was a looming shortage of electrical power engineers in Australia. Information from the electrical power industry and academic communities was obtained through two separate survey questionnaires, a discussion workshop, and a number of submissions. This information was collated and compiled into 'Assessing the Future of Electrical Power Engineering: a Report on Electrical Power Engineering Manpower Requirements in Australia'.

The US and UK have had significant influence on the delivery and content of engineering programs both globally and particularly on Australia and yet the industrial profile of Australia has historically been significantly different from that of the US and UK. This paper first presents a study into the differences in industrial profile in the employment of mechanical engineers in the US, UK and Australia. This paper then presents key findings from a role-based study that identified the relative significance of a broad range of attributes for the most common mechanical engineering roles in the six industries that employ the greatest number of Australian mechanical engineers

English version of chapter 4 of W.-D. Bensinger's book "Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotoren"

> Content ...
  » 4.1 Gas sealing  1
  » 4.2 Lubrication of the sealing parts  2
  » 4.3 Cooling the working chamber walls  2
  » 4.4 Working method  2
  » 4.5 Ratio of working space to enclosed space + simple components  2
  » Auxiliary figures ...  3

+ don't forget to have a look at K. Yamamoto's chapter 1.3 (1981) » Requirements for a practical rotary engine

+ I would like to add this: the Complete structure / design of the engine Must withstand the wanted peak pressure (forget thin blades or plates, small diameter shafts etc)

Wolf-Dieter Bensinger 4. Requirements necessary for a rotary piston combustion engine Of the large number of rotary piston designs, only very few are suitable-fortunately, one might say-as internal combustion engines, because the high temperatures and the gas exchange and combustion process cause difficulties that are not present in pure conveying systems. In addition, the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is at a very advanced stage of development and can only be replaced by the rotary piston internal combustion engine if the latter has clear and significant advantages without having to accept serious disadvantages. The multiple possibilities for creating working space have hindered rather than promoted the realization of the rotary piston engine, because the inventors, in their search for ever better solutions, did not see the decisive details or did not value them sufficiently. The most important prerequisites, without which a rotary piston combustion engine has no chance of success, are listed below. It should be noted that there are also a number of other requirements, which, however, have a chance of being solved with the means of technology and appropriate development effort.

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

Technical paper bei Walter Froede + Felix Wankel
NSU, TES, 13 pages, 1960

> Content ...
  » Vorwort / Summary  1
  » Gliederung  1
  » 1. Begriff der Rotationskolbenmaschine  1
  » 2. Uebersicht ueber moegliche Bauarten von Trochoiden-Rotationskolbenmaschinen  2
  » 3. Nutzbares Arbeitsvolumen  3
  » 4. Steuerungsmoeglichkeiten fuer Trochoiden-Rotationskolbenmaschinen als DKM-Kompressor + KKM-Viertakt-Motor  4
  » 5. Vergleich der Bauarten als Drehkolbenmotor oder Kreiskolbenmotor  5
  » 6. Betriebsbedingungen fuer die Dichtleisten in den Laeuferkanten  6
      » 6.1 Schwenkwinkel  6
      » 6.2 Kraefte auf die Dichtleiste  7
  » 7. Das vollstaendige Dichtsystem  7
  » 8. Herstellungsmoeglichkeiten fuer die Kontur des Gehaeuses  8
      » 8.1 Kopierverfahren  8
      » 8.2 Direkt-Schleifmaschine  9
  » 9. Kuehlungsmoeglichkeiten  9
  » 10. Konstruktionsbeispiele fuer ausgefuehrte Maschinen  9
      » 10.1 DKM 125  9
      » 10.2 KKM 125  9
      » 10.3 KKM 250  11
  » 11. Bisherige Pruefstandsergebnisse  11
      » 11.1 Fremdantrieb  11
      » 11.2 Eigenlauf  12
      » 11.3 Verarmungskurven  12
      » 11.4 PV-Diagramm  12
  » 12. Dauererprobung  13
  » 13. Entwicklungsaussichten  13

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

Technical paper (SAE 680461) by Walter G. Froede, NSU
11 pages, 1968

> Content ...
  » Abstract  2
  » General layout of engine KKM 612
  » Performance data  4
  » Specific features  5
      » General points  5
      » Ignition  6
      » Rotor cooling  7
      » Apex seal + coating of housing  8
      » Production problems  10
      » Installation  10
  » Conclusion  11
  » References  11

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

In the era of demands in primary energy, utilization coupled with fossil fuel is increasing in the world for the application of thermal comforts. The energy consumption and relative problem need attention to search renewable energy. Energy consumption and demand are high for air conditioning mainly in hot and humid climates. Many previous studies have confirmed that technical and economical deficits associated with conventional air conditioning systems can be eliminated using liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) technologies. This paper reviews studies on liquid desiccant air conditioning. The objective of this paper is to use liquid desiccant based air conditioning regenerated by renewable energy. Thermo-physical properties liquid desiccants are first realized to use as air conditioning. Regeneration temperature of saline salt and newly organic compound viz. Glycol-water solution desiccants is in a decreasing order of LiBr, LiCl, CaCl 2 , LiCl-CaCl 2 mixture and glycol water solution, while the dehumidification is in an increasing order of CaCl 2 , LiCl-CaCl 2 mixture, LiCl, LiBr and Glycol-water solution respectively. Main problems using liquid desiccant saline salt solutions are corrosiveness and crystallization and these can be resolved by using glycol water solutions and ionic liquids (ILs) which are attracting attention due to low regenerative temperature, non-corrosiveness, and higher dehumidification but these are volatile, viscous, and costly than the saline salt solutions.

Technical paper by Helmut Keller, Fichtel + Sachs AG
16 pages, 1968
SAE 680572

Mr Wolfgang Baier was involved in the development of rotary engines at F+S, too

> Content ...
  » Abstract  2
  » Advantages  2
      » Tangential force  3
      » Light weight  3
      » Easy starting  3
      » Fewer moving parts  3
  » Development of the Rotary Combustion Engine  3
  » Features of Wankel design  3
      » Cooling  3
      » Porting  5
      » Spark plug  6
      » Materials  7
      » Surface of the trochoidal bore  7
      » Maintenance  7
      » Ignition plant + starting devices  8
      » Gasoline pump  8
      » Speed governor  8
      » Fuel consumption  9
      » Service life  10
  » Applications  10
  » Conclusion  11
  » Discussion  11
      » Keith S. Minard (John Deere + Co)  11
        » References  13
      » T.G. Valenty (Studebaker Corp)  13
        » Lubrication + cooling problems  13
        » Ignition + combustion problems  14
        » Performance  14
        » Repair costs  14
        » Conclusions  14
      » Charles D. Wood (Southwest Research Institute)  14
      » Author's closure to discussion  15
  » Oral discussion (Donald K. Stephenson, OMC)  15

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

Examples of excavated 18 th century stationary steam engine sites are very rare in Britain. This article records the rescue excavations ahead of road-building works of one such site in 1974-5 at Reelfitz Pit in Little Clifton, Cumberland. The Reelfitz Pit pumping engine was built around 1780 and abandoned in 1781. The remains uncovered show that the site had two external boilers and a narrow engine house with a cylinder on the ground floor. The excavation uncovered three engine parts from within the engine house: the piston flange from the cylinder, the connecting link from the piston rod to the beam and one of the chain links which fitted into the piston head. The current work discusses the site in terms of the development of the West Cumberland coal field and in the context of the surviving 18 th century Newcomen engines.

The acceleration of the tip seal in the rotor of a Wankel rotary compressor is a function of the radii of the fixed and moving pitch circles, the number of lobes, the trochoid ratio, and the speed and acceleration of.the crankshaft. The equations for the tip seal acceleration are well-known and have been used, in conjunction with the compression forces, to determine the spring forces that are necessary to maintain contact between the tip seal and the housing. The equations that are available in the literature, however, are only valid for a constant crankshaft speed; i.e., they do not account for fluctuations in the crankshaft speed. The major purpose of this paper is to derive equations that will provide insight into the tip seal acceleration when fluctuations in the crankshaft speed are included in the analysis. For purpose of illustration, the effects on the tip seal acceleration due to a cyclic fluctuation in the crankshaft speed is compared to the effects using a nominal value. The results presented in the paper can be used by the designer to detect and, thereby, avoid possible leaks in the sealing or unnecessary wear of the seals.

SAE paper (670194) by Charles Jones, Curtiss-Wright
14 pages, 1966

> Content ...
  » Abstract  2
  » Basic features  2
  » Curtiss-Wright participation  3
  » RC2-60 engine series  3
  » Peripheral versus side intake ports  3
  » High speed engines  4
  » Injection of heavy fuels directly into combustion chamber with spark ignition  5
  » Air cooling  7
  » Aircooled engines  8
  » RC2-90  9
  » Engine features  10
  » Performance  12
  » Small engines  13
  » Conclusion  14
  » References  14

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

The Hungarian designed narrow gauge steam engine-type built in the largest number and the largest class of 760 mm gauge MÁV locomotives. The paper shortly describes the more than 100 years history of locomotives type 70 of MÁV Gépgyár (MÁV Machine Factory). During the 46 years of its production, 142 units were built in 21 batches in Budapest between 1905 and 1950. MÁV put into service 61 locomotives on its local narrow gauge lines between 1906 and 1950 designated as class XXIc at the beginning, and as class 490 after 1911. The 100-th anniversary offered a good reason for the rehabilitation of the oldest unit of the type that could be found in Hungary, the oldest survival of the MÁV 490 class. As the result of the restoration, putting into service the locomotive increased the number of the passengers travelling on the Budapest Children's Railway significantly.

Annex 1 The First Narrow-gauge Steam Locomotives in Hungary Steam Locomotives of Diósgyőr-Perecesi Colliery Railway In 1869, a metre gauge colliery railway was built to connect the furnaces of the State Iron Factory of Diósgyőr to the coal mines of Pereces which provided good quality coal for the refining of the iron. Because of the small difference of level on the nearly 10 km long linedifferently from the classic colliery railways where the horses hauled only the empty wagons up to the mines traction horses were necessary for hauling the loaded wagons towards the factory. The continuous production of the furnaces, rolling mills and the new pig iron furnace, put into service in 1869, required more coal than the horses could transport. The management of the Diósgyőr State Iron Factory decided to put into service steam locomotives after the opening the colliery line, to avoid the difficulties with coal transportation.

During 1820s, Seguin brothers was a French firm well known for suspension bridges and steamboat navigation. In 1825, they started negotiations with French government for the construction of a railway line from the Saint-Etienne coal field to the Rhone Valley and The city of Lyon. During a long trip of 1825-26 in England and Scotland , they visited the famous first public railway of Stockton & Darlington and gathered much information about steam railway traction and locomotives as linked with railway line design. Their personal engineering and managerial background gave us a very good understanding of the British technological system for railways, and its tremendous potential for heavy transportation. Such understanding was not only a 'copy' by the way of buying materials , wagons, and locomotives, but also a critical reflection on the technical choices made by the British engineers. For example, they refused the common point of view of that time for the general design of a line, i.e., the primacy of fixed engines for inclined planes. This paper presents the development of locomotives of the Saint-Etinenne & Lyon railway (Le Chemin de fer entre Saint-Etienne et Lyon) form the viewpoint of its design, construction and first uses. Major points discussed include: 1) the two Stephenson's locomotives bought for this railway, 2) the first Seguin's French patent for the famous tubular boiler , 3) locomotive construction in Perrache, Lyon. This study highlights the originality of Marc Seguin's locomotives.

Chapter 7 of "Energy Conversion" by Kenneth C. Weston, 2000
21 pages

> Content ...
  » 7.1 A different approach to the spark ignition engine  1
  » 7.2 Rotary engine operation  2
  » 7.3 Rotary engine geometry  5
  » Example 7.1  7
  » 7.4 A simple model for a rotary engine  7
  » Example 7.2  10
  » 7.5 The circular-arc-flank model  10
      » Clearance with flank rounding  11
      » Added volume per flank due to rounding  12
      » Displacement + compression ratio  12
      » Effect of the recess volume  12
  » Example 7.3  13
  » 7.6 Design + performance of the Wankel engine  14
      » Stratified-Charge rotary engine  16
      » Closure  18
  » Example 7.4  18
  » Bibliography + references  18
  » Exercises  19

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

The heat and mass transfer process in liquid desiccant dehumidification system (LDDS) is very complicated because it is affected by a combination of input parameters. In this paper, the numerical optimization method is applied to optimize the performance of LDDS depending on experiment data taken from previous study for authors. The input data includes air temperature (Ta), humidity ratio (Wa) and solution temperature (Ts) and ranged between (27 to 34.5 o C), (20.5 to 25 g/kg), and (27.5 to 38.5 o C) respectively. Whereas the responses are the rate of moisture removal (MRR) and effectiveness (ε). The statistical analysis shows that the (Wa) has the most considerable effect on MRR while the (Wa) and (Ts) have the most considerable effect on ε. The optimization analysis for MRR and ε are found to be 0.54 g/s and 0.50 with minimum desirability 0.92 and 1 respectively.

An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the performance of a liquid desiccant air dehumidifier equipped with a structured packing made of wood for three different densities using triethylene glycol (TEG) as the liquid desiccant. The structured packing densities used were 77, 100 and 200 m 2 / m 3. The performance of the dehumidifier was expressed in terms of the moisture removal rate and the dehumidifier effectiveness under different air and desiccant parameters, i.e. the air and TEG flow rates, air and TEG inlet temperatures, inlet air humidity and inlet TEG concentration. In general, the trend in the dehumidifier performance was similar to that reported by other investigators using random packing. The effect of packing density on moisture removal rate and dehumidifier effectiveness is assessed. The differences in the effectiveness of different packing densities are attributed to the wetting condition. Lower effectiveness of the column is shown with the packing density of 200 m 2 /m 3 compared to the other two packing densities when the air flow rate, inlet concentration and desiccant flow rate are increased. However, higher effectiveness is shown when either the inlet temperature of the air or desiccant is increased.

lámina y los nervios. Las restricciones se refieren al espesor mínimo de la lámina, a las tensiones en el hormigón, y a diversos parámetros de control geométrico. Se concluye que con pequeños cambios en la forma de la lámina, puede mejorarse sensiblemente su comportamiento estructural.

Traditional cooling systems based on vapor compression are ineffective in humid climates due to their inability to remove moisture below the dew point of the conditioned air, which involves additional effort in the form of an electrical power supply to run vapor compressors. A solid desiccant cooling system reduces powerusage while simultaneously providing fresh and clean air. It is important toexamine and analyze the performance of desiccant dehumidifiers using the Different pattern in the desiccant wheel that will help to develop a more efficient cooling system. Like ahoneycomb, triangular, sinusoidal.To study different type of material used in desiccant wheeel to adsorp the air moisture. Study different simulation technique used in desiccant.

The heat and mass transfer process in liquid desiccant dehumidification system (LDDS) is very complicated because it is affected by a combination of input parameters. In this paper, the numerical optimization method is applied to optimize the performance of LDDS depending on experiment data taken from previous study for authors. The input data includes air temperature (Ta), humidity ratio (Wa) and solution temperature (Ts) and ranged between (27 to 34.5 o C), (20.5 to 25 g/kg), and (27.5 to 38.5 o C) respectively. Whereas the responses are the rate of moisture removal (MRR) and effectiveness (ε). The statistical analysis shows that the (Wa) has the most considerable effect on MRR while the (Wa) and (Ts) have the most considerable effect on ε. The optimization analysis for MRR and ε are found to be 0.54 g/s and 0.50 with minimum desirability 0.92 and 1 respectively.

During 1820s, Seguin brothers was a French firm well known for suspension bridges and steamboat navigation. In 1825, they started negotiations with French government for the construction of a railway line from the Saint-Etienne coal field to the Rhone Valley and The city of Lyon. During a long trip of 1825-26 in England and Scotland , they visited the famous first public railway of Stockton & Darlington and gathered much information about steam railway traction and locomotives as linked with railway line design. Their personal engineering and managerial background gave us a very good understanding of the British technological system for railways, and its tremendous potential for heavy transportation. Such understanding was not only a 'copy' by the way of buying materials , wagons, and locomotives, but also a critical reflection on the technical choices made by the British engineers. For example, they refused the common point of view of that time for the general design of a line, i.e., the primacy of fixed engines for inclined planes. This paper presents the development of locomotives of the Saint-Etinenne & Lyon railway (Le Chemin de fer entre Saint-Etienne et Lyon) form the viewpoint of its design, construction and first uses. Major points discussed include: 1) the two Stephenson's locomotives bought for this railway, 2) the first Seguin's French patent for the famous tubular boiler , 3) locomotive construction in Perrache, Lyon. This study highlights the originality of Marc Seguin's locomotives.

This paper presents a fuzzy goal programming (FGP) approach for optimal allocation of land under cultivation and proposes an annual agricultural plan for different crops. In the model formulation, goals such as crop production, net profit, water and labor requirements, and machine utilization are modeled as fuzzy. A tolerance based FGP technique is used to quantify fuzziness of different goals for the problem. The fuzzy goals are transformed to linear constraints by introducing tolerance variables. The program then minimizes the values of the weighted sum of tolerance allowance variables for the highest membership grades, providing the most satisfactory set of allocations possible. As a measure of sensitivity, the problem is solved using different weight structures specified by the decision maker. A case study is provided to illustrate the usefulness of the method. .

Die technologie der Traktorgetriebe hat sich in den letzten vier Jahrzehnten in mehreren Technologiesprungen von einfachen 5-Ganggetrieben mit Schubradschaltung uber Lastschaltgetriebe mit 40 Gangen bis hin zu stufenlosen Getrieben gewandelt. Stufenlose getriebe, die nach dem Prinzip der hydrostatischen Leistungsverzweigung arbeiten, sind im Leistungsbereich kleiner 75kW bereits auf breiter Basis akzeptiert und werden ihren Marktanteil bei Traktoren sukzessive weiter ausbauen konnen und auch neue Anwendungen erschliesen. Im Leistungsbereich von 35 bis 75 kW gibt es heute noch keine serienreifen Entwicklungen. Die Anforderungen in dieser Fahrzeugklasse sind heute noch relativ schwierig mit am Markt erzielbaren Preisen zu vereinbaren.

Book by Ted Pipe, 1974
114 pages

> Contents  4
> Introduction  6
> 1 Forerunners of the Wankel Engine  8
  » The earliest rotaries  8
  » Galloway's orbiting rotor design  12
  » Cooley's progressively variable chambers + phasing gears  13
  » The five-to-six ratio rotary designs  16
  » Maillard's anticipation of Wankel's geometry  19
  » Comments on Wankel engine predecessors + contemporaries  20
> 2 The Inventor + his Engine  25
  » Felix Wankel - the person  25
  » Felix Wankel - the inventor  29
  » Development of the Wankel engine  35
> 3 Operating Principles of the Wankel Engine  45
  » Advantages of the Wankel engine  45
  » Mechanical design  49
  » How the five events are accomplished  59
  » Displacement + compression ratio  62
  » Rotor face design, thickness, + radius  65
  » The R/e ratio + compression ratio  68
  » The R/e ratio + the sliding angle  69
  » Sealing  71
  » Timing  74
      » The considerations involved  74
      » Port designs  77
      » Ignition  80
  » Lubrication  82
  » Cooling  84
      » The housing  84
      » The rotor  85
  » Multirotor engines  87
> 4 Is there a Wankel Engine in your Future ?
  » The licensing agreements  89
  » Developments outside the United States  93
  » Current trends in the United States  105
> Index  110

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

Elsecar is an important industrial area, once the powerhouse of the Fitzwilliam dynasty of industrialists. Much of historic interest survives, including extensive remains of its famous ironworks, mid nineteenth century workshops and the unique Newcomen Beam Engine plus its mine-shaft. After decades of National Coal Board (NCB) ownership and an uncertain future, the site was taken over in 1988 by Barnsley Metropolitan Council, who started an ambitious programme of development at the Elsecar Heritage Centre. In 2009 focus turned to the conservation of the engine and funding was obtained from the Heritage Lottery Fund, English Heritage and the Council to carry out the work, that culminated in an official opening in November 2014. Although much modified over its working life, this engine is the only atmospheric beam engine in the world that remains virtually complete on its original site and over its mine-shaft. It is therefore of international importance, recognized by its Scheduled Monument status. Conservation of the site required adoption of the highest standards. This paper describes the extensive preliminary surveys, including underwater investigation of the flooded mine-shaft, the ethical dilemmas of conservation, and the challenges of interpreting a unique historic site for visitors, especially the difficulty of providing access to a cramped three-storey industrial building. The engine house and environs were restored and reinterpreted in 2009-2014. On a project of international importance high ideals were adopted but some deep mysteries remain.

Este trabajo consiste en la compilación, documentación y descripción de los cascarones de concreto armado en forma de paraboloide hiperbólico que, como concepción estética y estructural, son una parte importante de la expresión arquitectónica del siglo XX ecuatoriano.De los años 30 a los 50, con las obras y contribuciones de Karl Kohn, Otto Glass, Francesco Maccaferri, Giovanni Rota, Guillermo Cubillo, Oscar Etwanick, Guillermo Jones Odriozola, Gilberto Gatto Sobral, Sixto Durán Ballén y Jaime Dávalos, arriba la práctica de la arquitectura moderna al Ecuador con inspiración de la Bauhaus, del racionalismo y del Estilo Internacional.La llegada de la modernidad encontró un óptimo escaparate en la undécima Conferencia Latinoamericana de Cancilleres de 1959, aunque esta no llegó a celebrarse. Para esta se iniciaron y adelantaron importantes obras, algunas de las cuales se componían formalmente por cascarones delgados de hormigón armado. Como antecedente, la obra del arquitecto español F...

This work presents a novel type of positive-displacement expander, named the balanced rolling piston expander. It proposes also a design procedure and assesses the mechanical behavior of a virtual prototype. The expander is conceptually capable of operating at higher fluid temperatures than other positive-displacement expanders, such as scroll-or screw-type machines. Moreover, it employs a radially balanced rotor, differently from common rolling piston technologies and does not require any timing mechanism for filling and emptying the working chambers, differently from Wankel or reciprocating solutions. The investigated virtual prototype is chosen for the study case of a small-scale heat recovery unit currently under investigation. The results indicate that a prototype of about 300 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length is capable of an ideal power of 20 kW. Moreover, vane accelerations can be relatively high but anyhow comparable to those in sliding vane machines, while pressure drops in percent terms are in general lower than 1%. Lastly, load-induced displacements are manageable by a proper radial clearance at room temperature. In brief, the balanced rolling piston expander is a promising option for small-scale power generation units operating with temperatures not achievable by common technologies and, hence, it deserves further investigation.

SAE papaer 610050 by Max Bentele + Roy T. Hurley, Curtiss-Wright, 1961
10 pages

Perhaps the second SAE paper about rotary engines by C-W

> Content ...
  » Introduction  2
  » Wankel Engine Principle  2
  » NSU-Wankel Experimental Engines  4
  » Curtiss-Wright Engines  4
  » Test Results  7
  » Appendix  8

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

lámina y los nervios. Las restricciones se refieren al espesor mínimo de la lámina, a las tensiones en el hormigón, y a diversos parámetros de control geométrico. Se concluye que con pequeños cambios en la forma de la lámina, puede mejorarse sensiblemente su comportamiento estructural.

In this article the regeneration of various saturated desiccant (wet basis) such as silica gel, activated alumina, molecular sieve, and novel composite desiccant using Scheffler solar concentrator (SSC) has been proposed. The regeneration performance is greatly affected by solar radiation, surface temperature of desiccant, wind velocity, and initial moisture content. SSC having aperture area of 1.54m 2 is used for regeneration of 0.620 kg sample of each desiccants. During the investigation it has been found that silica gel has maximum moisture content (dry basis) i.e. 0.2944 followed by molecular sieve, novel composite, and activated alumina having moisture content 0.2205, 0.19, and 0.0671respectively. The maximum regeneration rate of 0.07440 kg/hr is achieved in novel composite and maximum weight loss percentage of 22.74 % is achieved in silica gel. Regeneration time taken by silica gel, activated alumina, molecular sieve, and novel composite desiccant are 160, 90, 140, and 110 minutes respectively.

۱ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University P.O. Box ۶٧٨, Amol, Mazandaran, Iran E-mail: [email protected] ۲ Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology Mollasadra Street, Vanak Square, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected] _____________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: In the latest our work, the possibility of application of the advanced hypertrochoid curve in the inner surface of the stator of fixed displacement hydraulic balanced vane pump, theoretically, was studied. By considering the properties of this curve, sealing action between pressure and suction sides of the pump can be improved. One of the important characteristics of a new profile must be improving of the inertial reaction of the vanes in each position where these vanes have a radial movement because it causes a smooth sliding motion of the vanes, and hence, a higher performance of the ...

Thesis by Barry Hudson, 2008, at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (University)
172 pages

> Content ...
> Contents  2
> Appendix table  3
> Prologue  5
> Acknowledgements  7
> 1. Introduction: The production of power by pure rotary means  8
> 2. On rotary machines  10
  » On rotary engines  13
  » Australian designed engines  16
      » Sarich Orbital engine  16
      » Skalzo CVS engine  17
      » The SYTech engine  18
> 3. Prior Hudson engines  19
  » Engine No 5. The Lissajoux engine  22
> 4. The Hudson Five-Cycle engine  36
  » Case study 1: The design of a 1000 cc water-cooled 5 cycle engine, 5:7 ratio  40
  » Case study 2: The design of a 1000 cc water-cooled 5 cycle engine, 1:1 ratio with 6
      teeth  45
  » Case study 3: The 28 cc 5 cycle engine  49
  » Case study 4: The design of a 1000 cc 5 cycle oil-cooled engine, 1:1 ratio with 6 teeth
      54
  » Commercial considerations  82
> 5. Conclusion  86
> Appendix 1 - Thoughts on design + technology  88
  » On industrial design  94
> Indicative bibliography  106
> Drawings ...
  » A-1 - A-12  107
  » B-1 - B-8  119
  » C-1 - C-10  127
  » D-1 - D-36  137

Descartes and the fruits of mechanics: the conquest of the earthly good life     Resumen: El proyecto de Descartes profesa un notable interés encaminado al dominio de la naturaleza que, en última instancia, debe conducir al sujeto a vivir la mejor vida posible. A este propósito se dirigen los distintos frutos, resultado de la ciencia cartesiana: Medicina, Moral y Mecánica. El presente artículo analiza los frutos de la mecánica a fin de determinar su papel respecto a la consecución de una buena vida. Para ello se analizará el tipo de bien de que nos provee la mecánica, así como los distintos instrumentos que permiten su consecución.   Palabras clave: artefactos, artesanos, bienes terrenales, buena vida, comodidad, Descartes, frutos de la mecánica.     : The Cartesian project professes a remarkable interest in the mastery of nature which, ultimately, leads the subject to live the best possible life. The various fruits of the philosophical tree which result from the Cartesian science —...

McKibben artificial muscles are among the most pragmatic accessible artificial muscles due to their similar performance to biological muscles, braided sleeve is an essential part of Mckibben artificial muscles. The main task of this part after activation the muscle is to transform the generated radius force inside the inner tube into the length direction force. The methods used to design, materials used in manufacturing and geometry of the braided sleeve directly affect the performance of this part during the actuation. This review gives a brief overview of the manufacturing trend of these materials and also provides some future directions.

La historia social de la ciencia es una vía para comprender el papel de los amateurs en las actividades científicas de la ciudad de México durante el último tercio del siglo XIX, como el caso del alemán Otto von Brackel-Welda, uno de tantos extranjeros avecindados en la capital que se insertaron en la red científica nacional. Éste propuso dos proyectos ornitológicos en 1875-1876 con la concepción utilitaria del conocimiento científico sobre la fauna mexicana.

Resumen. El arquitecto romano Vitruvio relata, en su De Architectura Libri Decem, la famosa historia del eureka de Arquímedes. Según esta obra, el rey de Siracusa había encargado una corona a un orfebre y, ante la posibilidad de que el artesano le hubiese robado parte del oro entregado para ese fin, le pidió al gran matemático que descubra la verdad. Vitruvio indica, además, el modo según el cual Arquímedes lo habría logrado. Más de un milenio y medio después, un joven Galileo propuso una alternativa al método indicado por Vitruvio, y explicó el modo según el cual, según él, Arquímedes habría podido solucionar el misterio. En este artículo analizo la factibilidad de ambos métodos y pongo la propuesta galileana en el contexto de la posición del gran pisano respecto de la relación entre ciencia y experimentación.

Wegen ihrer besonderen Anordnung in Helikopterantriebssträngen stellen Freiläufe kritische Baugruppen dar. Ein Versagen kann zu katastrophalen Folgen für die Besatzung führen. Deshalb sind Kenntnisse über das Betriebsverhalten und grenzen von essentieller Bedeutung. Zu diesem Zweck soll eine geeignete Prüfanlage für die experimentelle Analyse von Freiläufen entwickelt werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die mechanische Auslegung eines Prüfstands nach dem Verspannprinzip, an dem diese Experimente durchgeführt werden können. Die theoretische Grundlage für das Verständnis über Freiläufe, bildet eine Recherche in Bezug auf die Funktionsweise, Bauformen und Anwendungsgebiete dieser Maschinenelemente. Den Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit bildet anschließend die mechanische Auslegung einer Prüfanlage. Die Basis dazu bilden die in der Literatur definierten Berechnungsgrundlagen für Planeten- und Stirnradgetriebe. Die gewonnene Ergebnisse werden interpretiert und fließen in die Erstellung eine...