Mechanical Eng

Course is intended for Undergraduate Mechanical Engineering students involving on Understanding Kinematics of Mechanisms, simple mechanism study,  Velocity and acceleration analysis of mechanisms, Problem solving on Belt drives, Rope drives, Using Graphical analysis of generating Cam Profiles, Study of all types of gear drives and problem solving on spur gears, study on control and regulation of Governors.

Most common planetary gear sets which
are implemented in numerous automatic
transmission systems are presented in this paper.
Automatic transmissions in which these gear sets are
implemented were also briefly mentioned. Alongside
these topics, cutting edge automatic transmission
systems alongside their schematics were also
presented. Current industry developments and future
of automatic transmission systems were also briefly
analyzed.

This research deals with Energy and Exergy analysis of Sapele steam power plant in Nigeria. The key point in this paper is to identify areas where energy losses are occurring and develop a model that will ensure efficient and effective improvement in a thermal power station. This was accomplished by conducting energy analysis of the overall plant and determination of the efficiencies and energy losses of all the major parts on the power plant in light of experimental data collected from Sapele power plant in Nigeria. Areas where energy losses are being experienced in the plant were pinpointed. It was deduced that energy losses occurred fundamentally in the boiler where 105KW was lost to the surrounding while just 15.7 KW was lost from the condenser system. The rate proportion of the exergy destruction was discovered to be greatest in the boiler system (105.9%) trailed by the turbine (86.53%), and after that the condenser (62.5%). Moreover, the exergy efficiency of the power plant was 11.003% for boiler, 30.315% for turbine and 59.8% for condenser. For a moderate change in the reference environment state temperature, no exceptional change was seen in the execution of major components and the principle conclusion continued as before; the boiler is the significant wellspring of irreversibilities in the power plant. Synthetic response is the most noteworthy wellspring of exergy destruction.

Primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Engineering to Learn system simulations by Tool MATLAB.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To realize the importance of Computational efficiency in simulation of Real time Mechanical systems by using GUI feature.
To Implement Statics and kinematics problems.
To Implement Dynamics and control problems in Vibratory systems.
To learn vibration pattern in vibratory systems with damping and without damping for programming effectively differential equation problems with Ode solvers.
To learn the simulation of Hydraulic systems.
To learn the simulation of mechanism systems.
To implement automation systems by virtual simulation and analysis of Real Time systems.

Strict requirements that are put on mechanical constructions from the aspect of increase of exploitation periods and reduction of their weights, therefore of
their prices as well, implicate developments and applications of new composite materials with matrices of lightweight metals. Composite materials with
metal matrices are used for engine cylinders, pistons, disc and drum brakes, Cardan shafts and for other elements in automotive and aviation industry. The
most important type of metallic materials is composite materials with matrices of aluminium alloys due to a set of their beneficial properties. Improvement
of mechanical, especially tribological properties of hybrid composites were provided by the use of certain reinforce materials such as SiC, Al2O3 and
graphite in defined weight or volumetric share. New developed hybrid composites with aluminium matrices have significantly higher resistance to wear,
higher specific stiffness and higher resistance to fatigue. By the increase of quantities of produced elements made of hybrid composites, decrease of their
prices is induced that even further enlarge their applications. The applications of aluminium hybrid composites are considered from the aspect and with
the focus on automotive industry

Conventional hydraulic systems use less accurate discrete valves for controlling the system actuators. The precise control of the position, speed, and pressure/force of an actuator in a less sophisticated hydraulic system with a conventional type solenoid valve is difficult to achieve, due to the jerkiness of motion that the valve spool produces. To improve the accuracy in a cost effective manner, an electronically controlled proportional valve with a special proportional electromagnet can be used. In this type, the valve output can be infinitely varied in a proportional manner in relation to the applied input signal. With the integration of electronic controllers, it is also possible to control the position or the speed of actuators remotely. Initially, proportional valves were designed for open-loop control systems in less sophisticated applications. But, they are also used in closed-loop control systems depending on the complexity of applications. The constructional features of these types of proportional valve systems are presented below. Open-loop Proportional Valve System The open-loop proportional valve system mainly consists of a proportional valve and an electronic control unit (controller). The proportional solenoid valve meant for an open-loop control system consists of a spool that is acted upon by the magnetizing force from the solenoid against the restraining force of the valve spring and places the spool at the desired position. The magnetizing force developed by the solenoid is proportional to the actual current flowing through it. The current is generated by the amplifier in proportion to the low-power voltage input signal from a potentiometer (or a joystick) and then modified by other electronic circuits in the controller. The circuit uses ramping, dither, and PWM techniques for achieving the desired result. The output signal of the amplifier must be sufficient to operate the proportional valve and place the spool at the desired position. Figure: Schematic of an open-loop proportional valve system The spool and the body of the valve are designed to open/close the flow path through the metering notches or orifices as the spool is moved through the valve body axially. The spool must move a

The research investigated the effect of corrosion rate of mild steel in HCl acid. U-Bend method was used for the study. The coupons were stressed to 1.191 X 109 N/m2 and inserted into the corrosive media for 672 hours. The result shows that the corrosion rates of the stressed mild steel in air (SMA), unstressed mild steel in air (USMA), and stressed mild steel in HCl (SMHCL)) were reduced after 672 hours. Highest corrosion rate of 1.0261mm/yr was observed in SMHCL while lowest corrosion rate of 0.000255mm/yr was recorded in USMA. Generally no cracking observed in all cases but pitting corrosion was observed in SMHCL after 672 hours and stress contributes to reduction in lifespan of mild steel structures

Barrel is the most important part of a weapon. It represents an element in which double energy transformation is performed: chemical energy of gunpowder combustion transforms into thermal energy, and then it transforms to mechanical energy. A barrel gives a projectile necessary initial speed and flight direction, and through helical grooves, high spinning necessary for stability during the motion towards the target. Barrel exposure to combined effects of heat, high pressures, chemical effect of gunpowder gases and external influences points out the necessity of comprehensive researches of this element of the weapon. Subject of the paper is a presentation of improving tribological characteristics of barrel interior lines of a gun using modern means for surfaces modification in the conditions with high temperatures and pressures. AIMS AND BACKGROUND As any other mechanism, firearm has its lifetime which is determined according to the wear of barrel interior line. Globally accepted criteria refer to the method of determining barrel condition over precision demand or the value of bullet initial speed (bullet speed on a muzzle). Barrel is an element in which double energy transformation is performed: chemical energy of gunpowder combustion trans

In this study, Vibration Subjects of Railway Systems are explained and researched detail. Rubber-Metal based mechanical parts which  prevent vibrations, are showed and explained in the pictures.By the means of Interactive Physcis Program,system mechanism is designed and Graph analys values are obtained.

Keywords;
Raylı Sistem Titreşimleri, Raylı Sistem Titreşim Mekanizması, Interactive Physics Programı ile Titreşim Mekanizması Tasarımı (Tr.)
Railway System Vibrations, Vibration Mechanism  of  Railway System,Interactive Physics Program aided Vibration Mechnism Design (Eng.)
Schwingung-mechanismus für Schienenfahrzeug oder Eisenbahn, Mechanismus-Design mit Interactive Physics Programm (De.)

Mechanism Video Link;
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTtCkcaC0IQ

This paper presents the analytical solutions for the temperature distribution in cross-flow plate heat
exchanger under uniform temperature boundary conditions. The heat transfer channel is in a form of an
isosceles triangular geometry. The governing equations are based on the conservation of energy principle.
The mathematical models, for both unmixed fluid, are solved by Laplace Transform leads to the developed
analytical solution that is in the form of modified Bessel function of the first kind and zero order.

The decision on sequencing of operations, tool travel and machining time calculations is done in
microplanning. After a set of processes has been selected for all the features of part, the sequencing task
begins by searching and analysing relationship between features. This is done by rule to detect geometrical
interactions and the appropriate precedence relationship in knowledge base. For deciding sequence of
operations precedence relationship among the different operations is developed using decision rules.
CNC program is generated based on the process plan of a given component. The generated CNC program
is then validated by simulation software before giving it to CNC machine.

This paper presents a wear process analysis of piston‐cylinder set in internal combustion engines.Piston mechanism is a very important factor in the proper lubrication of the engine, but also a potential cause of increased consumption of oil. There are very important kinematic ‐ tribological properties of piston mechanisms in this regard. From the point of reliability and functionality, critical parts of this circuit are the piston rings. Wear is most pronounced in the first piston ring, since it is exposed to the highest pressure and temperature, as well as the direct impact of fuel and combustion products. The intensity of wear of piston ‐ cylinder set depends on many factors, but the most influential ones are: construction, materials used for the production of the parts of this assembly, production technology and conditions of use.

The paper outlines considerations recycling motor vehicles in terms of ecology and sustainable development. Presenting a global model impacts and environmental management in the automotive industry are analyzed parameters which affect the motor vehicle living and working environment. The subject of analysis in this paper is related to the participation of certain types of materials in the total weight of an average passenger car, which directly affects the design of the recycling process. Through a tabular overview of the process set forth trend dismantling and recycling of motor vehicles by 2050 for different concepts of motor vehicles, as conventional, hybrid and electric vehicles, as well as their transitional concepts. 1. Introduction Motor vehicle industry is characterized by leading the process of reeling over motor vehicles and components for vehicles, including the use of materials, energy and equipment, and hiring processes. It generates through its activities and pollutants which requires finding solutions to protect against contamination and the inclusion of the legislation of the country. The automotive industry uses the general production processes that are associated with raw materials, by-products or waste and materials that should be recycled or disposed of. The team and identify the sequence of the process in order to provide accurate information in the processes by which waste is generated. On the other hand, it should have accurate information on the hazards (water, air, soil), which represents the waste produced [1]. Motor vehicle consists of parts and assemblies, in which approximately takes to be installed in a vehicle of 8,000 to 10,000 different parts, for approximately 100 leading vehicle components. They are made of different materials, where the material selection and construction of a motor vehicle after an extremely important aspect of ecology. Requirements for zero waste at all stages of the life cycle of a motor vehicle is a complex task for researchers and developers, especially in the development of new materials and completely safe (benign) technology. Among other things, the requirements for ease of disassembly of the vehicle at the end of the life cycle and safe sorting of material faces the problem of vehicle safety and effectiveness of its recycling.

The paper analyses the stability of a rectangular plate which is elastically buckled along longitudinal edges and pressed by equally distributed forces. A general case is analyzed – different stiffness elastic clamping and then special simpler cases are considered. Energy method is used in order to determine critical stress. Deflection function is introduced in a convenient way so that it reflects the actual state of the plate deformation in the best manner. In this way, critical stress is determined in analytic form suitable for analysis. With help of the equation it is easy to conclude how certain parameters influence the value of critical stress. The paper indicates how the obtained solution could be utilized for determining local buckling critical stress in considerably more complex systems – pressed thin‐walled beams of an arbitrary length.

The internal combustion engine is one of the most widely used applications produced by engineering development. However, it is a very limited machine: it has an effective efficiency of 30-35%. This means that almost 70% of the chemical energy contained in the fuel is lost in the coolant, in the exhaust gases, as incomplete combustion of fuel and as radiation. Utilization of oxygen-enriched air in diesel engines holds potential for low exhausts smoke and particulate emissions. The majority of the oxygen enriched-air combustion-related studies so far are experimental in nature, where the observed results are understood on an overall basis. This paper deals with the fundamental considerations associated with the oxygen-enriched air-fuel combustion process to enhance understanding of the concept. The increase in adiabatic flame temperature, the composition of exhaust gases at equilibrium, and also the changes in thermodynamic and transport properties due to oxygen-enrichment of standard intake air are reviewed. The notion of oxygen-enrichment of standard intake air as being akin to leaning of the fuel-air mixture is refuted on the basis of the fundamentally different requirements for the oxygen-enriched combustion process

Cavitation is a harmful condition that occurs in a working component like a pump or a valve of a hydraulic system when the existing space in the component is not filled with the system fluid. It is the process of formation and collapse of vapor or air bubbles in the pumped fluid as it passes through the component. Undetected intermittent pump cavitation will eventually cause significant damage to a pump. Suction head pressure It is the actual pressure that the fluid experiences at the pump inlet. Vapour pressure It is the minimum pressure needed to prevent liquid from turning into vapour. Cavitation Process Cavitation occurs when the suction head pressure falls below the vapour pressure of the fluid or the saturation pressure of the entrained air in the fluid. This fall in the pressure causes the formation of bubbles in the fluid. Soon the bubbles collapse as the pressure on the fluid goes beyond the vapour pressure of the fluid or the saturation

In this paper we present the results exhibiting an improvement in the tensile & Flexural properties of polystyrene (PS)–ZnO nanocomposites. PS –ZnO Nanocomposites have been synthesized by bulk polymerization. The effect of the various input variables i.e. concentration and stirring speed on the Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength have been studied. The different experimental conditions were determined using Taguchi’s experimental design. L9 Orthogonal arrays of Taguchi, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to find the optimal input parameter levels and to analyze the effect of these parameters on mechanical properties. Measurement of Tensile Strength of PS/ZnO nanocomposites indicated that Tensile Strength increased up to 73.99% at 0.3 wt. % ZnO and 1200 rpm in comparison to corresponding neat PS. The X-ray diffraction pattern verified the crystal structure of ZnO and FT-IR spectra evidenced the existence of ZnO and polystyrene (PS) in ZnO/polystyrene composite particles. The experimental results and various statistical approaches namely, Taguchi methods, Conceptual S/N ratio and drew similar conclusions i.e. the significant parameters are concentration followed by stirring speed.