Management System

The deployment of Worko w Management systems is a time- consuming and error-prone task. A possible solution is process min- ing, which automatically extracts worko w models from event-data logs. However, the current research in process mining still has problems in mining some common constructs in worko w models. Among these con- structs are short loops, which are loops of

ncreasingly, the explosion in scien- tific knowledge is overwhelming both researchers and practitioners in the health professions. The man- aged care pharmacist today needs a con - stant and current sense of the basic phar- maceutical sciences, clinical pharmacy, pharmacy management systems, health policy and ethics, new drug introductions, pharmacoeconomics, and pharmacoepi- demiology. Monitoring the ever-changing pharmaceutical industry is now

The health care industry is increasingly becoming a knowledge-based community that is connected to hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, and customers for sharing knowledge, reducing administrative costs and improving the quality of care. Thus, the success of health care depends critically on the collection, analysis and seamless exchange of clinical, billing, and utilization information or knowledge within and across the above organizational boundaries. This research envisions a knowledge management-enabled health care management system that would help integrate clinical, administrative, and financial processes in health care through a common technical architecture; and provides a decision support infrastructure for clinical and administrative decision-making. Hence, the objective of this research is to present and describe the knowledge management capabilities, the technical infrastructure, and the decision support architecture for such a health care management system. The research findings would immensely help the health care information technology (IT) managers and knowledge based system developers to identify their IT needs and to plan for and develop the technical infrastructure of the health care management system for their organizations. q

At present, with the expansion of information technologies at the industry, it is vital to implant proactive, self-managed systems that ensure continuous operation and, therefore, business continuity. This article proposes a regeneration system for industrial production elements that transfers the concept of high availability to the manufacturing levels of the organisation, acting automatically under open protocols when there is degradation or failure of any of the components, ensuring that normal operation is resumed within a delimited time. In addition to this proposal, we present a development scenario that allows the validity of the approach to be confirmed, while verifying the drastic reduction in recovery times, the support for the significant heterogeneity existing in these scenarios and their high level of automation, while practically dispensing with the intervention of system administrators.

Although usability evaluations have been focused on assessing different contexts of use, no proper specifications have been addressed towards the particular environment of academic websites in the Spanish-speaking context of use. Considering that this context involves hundreds of millions of potential users, the AIPO Association is running the UsabAIPO Project. The ultimate goal is to promote an adequate translation of international standards, methods and ideal values related to usability in order to adapt them to diverse Spanish-related contexts of use. This article presents the main statistical results coming from the Second and Third Stages of the UsabAIPO Project, where the UsabAIPO Heuristic method (based on Heuristic Evaluation techniques) and seven Cognitive Walkthroughs were performed over 69 university websites. The planning and execution of the UsabAIPO Heuristic method and the Cognitive Walkthroughs, the definition of two usability metrics, as well as the outline of the UsabAIPO Heuristic Management System prototype are also sketched.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a switch to a filmless image management system on the time required for technologists to produce radiographic images in the emergency department (ED) after controlling for exam difficulty and a variable workload. Time and motion data were collected on patients who had radiographic images taken while being treated in the emergency department over the 3½-year period from April 1997 to November 2000. Event times and demographic data were obtained from the radiology information system, from the hospital information system, from emergency department records, or by observation by research coordinators. Multiple least squares regression analysis identified several independent predictors of the time required for technologists to produce radiographic images. These variables included the level of technologist experience, the number of trauma-alert patient arrivals, and whether a filmless image management system was used (all P < .05). Our regression model explained 22% of the variability in technologist time (R 2 Adjusted, 0.22; F = 24.01; P < .0001). The regression model predicted a time saving of 2 to 3 minutes per patient in the elapsed time from notification of a needed examination until image availability because of the implementation of PACS, a delay of 4 to 6 minutes per patient who were imaged by technologists who spent less than 10% of their work assignments within the ED, and a delay of 18 to 27 minutes in radiology workflow because of the arrival of a trauma alert patient. A filmless system decreased the amount of time required to produce radiographs. The arrival of a trauma alert patient delayed radiology workflow in the ED. Inexperienced technologists require 4 to 6 minutes of additional time per patient to complete the same amount of work accomplished by an experienced technologist.

We developed a staff management system for maintaining treatment gains achieved on a specialized continence unit located in a geriatric nursing home. Geriatric assistants learned to use a prompted voiding procedure to maintain improved dryness for 4 elderly residents. The staff management system induded self-monitoring and recording of prompted voiding activities and supervisory monitoring and feedback based on group performance of these activities. Results show that the system was effective in maintaining prompted voiding activities with corresponding maintenance of improved patient continence. However, a gradual decline in staff performance was noted 4 to 5 months after the initiation of the system. During a subsequent phase of the study, provision of individual feedback restored staff performance to previous levels. Results are discussed in relation to the practicality of prompted voiding interventions in nursing home environments and the applicability of staff management systems in this setting.

In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of a financial time-series forecasting strategy which exploits the mul- tiresolution property of the wavelet transform. A financial series is decomposed into an over complete, shift invariant scale-related representation. In transform space, each individual wavelet series is modeled by a separate multilayer perceptron (MLP). To better utilize the detailed information in the lower scales of wavelet coef- ficients (high frequencies) and general (trend) information in the higher scales of wavelet coefficients (low frequencies), we applied the Bayesian method of automatic relevance determination (ARD) to choose short past windows (short-term history) for the inputs to the MLPs at lower scales and long past windows (long-term history) at higher scales. To form the overall forecast, the indi- vidual forecasts are then recombined by the linear reconstruction property of the inverse transform with the chosen autocorrelation shell representatio...

The Internet is growing to the point of needing more serious, scalable management infrastructure. Telecommunications companies and Internet Service Providers alike face the pressures of upgrading and provisioning their networks while constraining their infrastructure costs to maintain profitability and to stay competitive in an industry that is financially stressed with tight profit margins. In order to be financially successful in this environment, service providers will have to support a variety of services and applications on a combined packet infrastructure, carrying increased varieties of traffic with different performance characteristics and predictable levels of managed Quality of Service (QoS). Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) traffic engineering enables service providers to engineer their networks to provide such QoS; however, this task brings along with it a plethora of management challenges. This paper discusses these management challenges and our experience with the design and implementation of a policy-based management system, PECAN, for managing MPLS networks. PECAN provides the ability for a network operator to define high-level policies that control the operation of the management system. These high-level policies control admission of traffic into the network based on the QoS guarantees required; placement of traffic flows on MPLS traffic engineered paths; and the feedback loop between network fault/performance monitoring and reconfiguration of the network to alleviate the effects of any observed problems.

This paper presents a management system for expansion joints with unique features in the field of road bridges management. The high costs of maintaining these equipments, a significant percentage of the conservation budget of the bridges where they are installed, allied to indirect costs and discomfort associated with interventions for their rehabilitation, amply justify the implementation of an autonomous but integrated management system, especially for the entities responsible for a high number of bridges. The system is based on the classification of types of joints, defects and possible causes, diagnosis methods and maintenance / rehabilitation techniques, inter-correlated by matrices duly validated. Based on parameters that define degradation levels, the system also allows the rating of each defect in terms of physical and functional degradation and of detriment to the social envelope of the bridge.

ABSTRACT Purpose – Ensuring compliance with food safety legislation and market requirements is one of the key issues facing the poultry meat industry. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how a pre-requisite programme (PRP) and key performance indicators for food safety can be developed in the poultry meat supply chain. Design/methodology/approach – The first stage of the research involved an examination of literature, which was conducted using desk research. The second stage includes a discussion on food safety management systems in primary production and the development of food safety plans with an associated PRP. Findings – Effective food safety management systems in primary production are critical to supplying food which is safe and wholesome. In order to manage food safety effectively measurable indicators of performance should be developed. These will provide data on the suitability of the food for sale, the effectiveness of the food safety management system and any potential areas of weakness which in turn will drive continuous improvement. Originality/value – This study is of benefit to the broiler industry in the further development of quality assurance standards and business improvement models.

By a data conflict in a distributed system we understand a situation (or a state of the system) in which the system sites generate and store different versions of data which represent the same subject (problem solution, event scenario, etc.). Thus in purpose to solve this problem the management system should determine one proper version for the data. The final data version is called a consensus of given versions. In this paper for given conflict situation we propose to solve a consensus problem by means of a consensus function. We present elements of a consensus system, the postulates for consensus choice functions, their analysis and algorithms for consensus determining.

The objective of this paper is to discuss why computer-based systems should be autonomic, where autonomicity implies self-managing, often conceptualized in terms of being self-configuring, selfhealing, self-optimising, self-protecting and self-aware. We look at motivations for autonomicity, examine how more and more systems are exhibiting autonomic behavior, and finally look at future directions.

Because of worms which make use of vulnerability of computer systems, computer incidents are increasing. Although there is an opportunity to defend these attacks at an earlier stage, people undergo several serious disturbances because many administrators and users didn't realize the gravity of the patch management, that is, the patch management system (PMS) prevents the intrusion. Prevention with "Prevention is better than cure." is very important. Therefore we need installing an effective patch management system. We designed and implemented the proposed framework which provides solutions for managing and distributing critical patches that resolve known security vulnerabilities and other stability issues with various platforms.

We describe the design of an object-oriented multimedia database management system that can store and manage SGML/HyTime compliant multimedia documents. The system is capable of storing, within one database, different types of documents by accommodating multiple document type definitions (DTDs). This is accomplished by dynamically creating object types according to element definitions in each DTD. The system also has tools to automatically insert markedup documents into the database. We discuss the system architecture, design issues and the system features. 1. INTRODUCTION Traditionally, multimedia applications have not fully exploited database management system (DBMS) technology. Mostly they have used DBMSs to store meta-information and have stored multimedia objects in flat files. The connection between the DBMSs and the object files is usually non-existent (or very loose), requiring the application programs and users to access both of the repositories independently. This is not a...

In this paper, a new algorithm for Automatic License Plate Localisation and Recognition (ALPR) is proposed on the basis of isotropic dilation that can be achieved using the binary image Euclidean distance transform. In a blob analysis problem, any two Region of Interest (RoIs) that is discontinuous are typically treated as separate blobs. However, the proposed algorithm combine with Connected Component Analysis (CCA) are coded to seek for RoI within a certain distance of other RoI to be treated as non-unique. This paper investigates the design and implementation of several pre-processing techniques and isotropic dilation algorithm to classify moving vehicles with different backgrounds and varying angles. A multi-layer feed-forward back-propagation Neural Network is used to train the segmented and refined characters. The results obtained can be used for implementation in the vehicle parking management system.

A persistent system is a system in which data structures and data itself persist through executions of any process, as shown in reference 1. Under an object-oriented paradigm, the entities we need to make persistent are classes and objects, as explained in reference 2, and even compiled functions in some systems such as Barbados. A class is probably going to be changed many times along the software life cycle, due to software maintenance. In a non-persistent system, the class would be changed and then the programmer would have to manually write procedures (for example, at load time, converting data in the old format to the new one), in order to adapt all existing stored data to the new class structure. In a persistent system programmers don't have to worry about data storage, therefore it's the system itself which has to cope with the problem of objects being out-of-sync with their class definition. To solve this problem, there are three major approaches described in literature (for example, in reference 3): (a) the system can convert stored objects to its new type immediately or in deferred way; (b) support different versions of the software for the different versions of a class, or (c) simply prevent programmers from changing any data type, compelling users to define new types when needed. This last possibility is unacceptable most of the time.

Rising concern over the poor level of blood-pressure (BP) control among hypertensive patients has prompted searches for novel ways of managing hypertension. The objectives of this study were to develop and pilot-test a home BP tele-management system that actively engages patients in the process of care.Phase 1 involved a series of focus-group meetings with patients and primary care providers to guide the system’s development. In Phase 2, 33 diabetic patients with uncontrolled ambulatory hypertension were enrolled in a 4-month pilot study, using a before-and-after design to assess its effectiveness in lowering BP, its acceptability to users, and the reliability of home BP measurements.The system, developed using commodity hardware, comprised a Bluetooth-enabled home BP monitor, a mobile phone to receive and transmit data, a central server for data processing, a fax-back system to send physicians’ reports, and a BP alerting system. In the pilot study, 24-h ambulatory BP fell by 11/5 (±13/7 SD) mm Hg (both P < .001), and BP control improved significantly. Substantially more home readings were received by the server than expected, based on the preset monitoring schedule. Of 42 BP alerts sent to patients, almost half (n = 20) were due to low BP. Physicians received no critical BP alerts. Patients perceived the system as acceptable and effective.The encouraging results of this study provide a strong rationale for a long-term, randomized, clinical trial to determine whether this home BP tele-management system improves BP control in the community among patients with uncontrolled hypertension.

The object-oriented paradigm has several features that facilitate the integration of heterogeneous data management systems. One of the main problems in the integration is to provide users with the same data model and language to access very different systems. This problem exists in all kinds of distributed heterogeneous data management systems, independently from their integration architecture (like classical distributed databases, federated databases, multidatabases). This paper shows that the use of an object-oriented data model for building a "uniform" view of several databases can greatly simplify this task, and actually extends the scope of integration towards two directions. The first concerns the integration of data management systems to which traditional integration techniques, based on mappings among data models, cannot be applied. The second direction moves the goal of integration to re-using not only data but to re-using data and application software using these data. In the paper we also briefly discuss some requirements for an object-oriented integrated platform.

This research focus on the software design and database system model for Tender Management System (TMS) in Kadastra. TMS in Kadastra is an automated system that can calculates tender payment claims for the land surveyor company. The calculation is based on the Vide Federal Government Gazette PU (A) 169 Thirteenth Schedule (Regulation 99) Scale of Fees for Title Surveys given by Land Surveyors Board in Malaysia. Based on the system, it provides data availability for read and writes operations while supporting fault-tolerance and fast data transformation. Accurate, relevant and timely information required the use of sophisticated system called TMS in Kadastra with the database management system, MySQL.

Scientific workflows have recently emerged as a new paradigm for scientists to formalize and structure complex and distributed scientific processes to enable and accelerate many scientific discoveries. In contrast to business workflows, which are typically control flow oriented, scientific workflows tend to be dataflow oriented, introducing a new set of requirements for system development. These requirements demand a new architectural design for scientific workflow management systems (SWFMSs). Although several ...

Overlay management systems face the challenges of increased complexity and heterogeneity because of the many elements involved in providing overlay services. In dynamic networks, the challenge and complexity is increased. Service composition allows simple services to be dynamically combined into more complex services in order to provide new services. In this paper, we deal with the problem of composing multiple autonomic elements to achieve system wide goals. Using a selforganizing approach, autonomic entities are dynamically and seamlessly composed into service-specific overlay networks. The paper describes and discusses the details of the composition approach. Results of extensive simulation are presented.

ABSTRACT The World Wide Web is currently considered as the most appropriate software platform for the deployment of applications in wide area networks (telematics) as well as corporate intranets. Such applications are, in the majority of cases, tightly coupled with legacy databases hosted by relational management systems. However, the nature of the database enabled WWW systems is quite different from that of classical database applications developed with tools like 4GLs, Forms, Menus, etc. The basic difference lies in the stateless character of the WWW. The `user session&amp;#39; concept, encountered in conventional database applications, does not apply in the WWW environment. Instead, interaction with the information server is accomplished through a series of hits (request–response interactions) which are treated independently. This paper presents an architecture for the deployment of stateful database gateways for WWW servers. Although the server still treats each individual hit independently, state information maintained in the WWW browser as well as in specialized agents that operate behind the WWW server renders the WWW appropriate for a `session-aware&amp;#39; database application. The effort required to port an existing `session-aware&amp;#39; database application to the WWW environment is minimal.

Delhi is the most densely populated and urbanized city of India. The annual growth rate in population during the last decade (1991-2001) was 3.85%, almost double the national average. Delhi is also a commercial hub, providing employment opportunities and accelerating the pace of urbanization, resulting in a corresponding increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Presently the inhabitants of Delhi generate about 7000 tonnes/day of MSW, which is projected to rise to 17,000-25,000 tonnes/day by the year 2021. MSW management has remained one of the most neglected areas of the municipal system in Delhi. About 70-80% of generated MSW is collected and the rest remains unattended on streets or in small open dumps. Only 9% of the collected MSW is treated through composting, the only treatment option, and rest is disposed in uncontrolled open landfills at the outskirts of the city. The existing composting plants are unable to operate to their intended treatment capacity due to several operational problems. Therefore, along with residue from the composting process, the majority of MSW is disposed in landfills. In absence of leachate and landfill gas collection systems, these landfills are a major source of groundwater contamination and air pollution (including generation of greenhouse gases). This study describes and evaluates the present state of municipal solid waste management in Delhi. The paper also summarizes the proposed policies and initiatives of the Government of Delhi and the Municipal Corporation of Delhi to improve the existing MSW management system.

As the trend of information dissemination has become more important, the use of mobile communication medium has gained more popularity. Since the number of mobile applications developed had increased tremendously, the technology offers an option to end user with information at their fingertips. Thus the notification methods also change drastically from notice board to Short Messaging System (SMS) based notification system. This paper intends to discuss the development process of e-parcel management system which is integrated with Global System for Mobile (GSM) networks. The whole system utilizes the barcode system, Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and Active Server Pages 3.0 as the interface, and mobile network to realize the intended purpose. The implementation shows that the prototype developed has successfully executed and it is concluded this on-going research requires further improvement on the current prototypes.

There is a great need for health and safety advisers/managers to act as agents of change, both in respect to the technology of the company and the design of its workplaces, and in the organisation of the company health and safety management system. This article reports on the development of training to meet these increasing needs. The postgraduate masters course 'Management of Safety, Health and Environment' of the Delft University of Technology has now introduced a course-module of 1 week, addressing the issue of the learning organisation and the specific role of the safety adviser/manager. The course-module starts from the assumption that for a health and safety adviser/manager his or her personal effectiveness and ability to influence and stimulate others are qualities as important to a company as the quality of a safety and health management system. This paper will describe the development in the role of the safety adviser/manager and the mainstream thinking on change management and training. The consequence for the content and programme features of the course-module is presented as well as the results of the evaluation of its effectiveness. # Safety Science 41 www.elsevier.com/locate/ssci 0925-7535/02/$ -see front matter # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. P I I : S 0 9 2 5 -7 5 3 5 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 0 5 0 -9

komentarGo to comments Apa yang dimaksud dengan Anggaran? Anggaran merupakan rencana keuangan periodik yang disusun berdasarkan program yang telah disahkan dan merupakan rencana tertulis mengenai kegiatan suatu organisasi yang dinyatakan secara kuantitatif dan umumnya dinyatakan dalam satuan moneter untuk jangka waktu tertentu.

Crop management strategies that alter the timing, placement, quantity, and quality of crop residue input can affect the size, turnover, and vertical distribution of the active and passive pools of soil organic matter (SOM). Our objectives were to quantify long-term changes in soil organic, soil microbial biomass (8MB), and mineralizable C and N in continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), continuous wheat/ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat/soybean-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] sequences under conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) with and without N fertilizer. A Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas was collected from a 9-yr field study. Soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and N (SMBN) were determined with the chloroform fumigation-incubation method and mineralizable C and N were determined from 10-d aerobic incubations at 25°C. More crop residue C input was retained as soil organic C (SOC), SMBC, and mineralizable C under NT than under CT. Soil organic C, SMBC, and mineralizable C at a depth of 0 to 50 mm were 33 to 125% greater under NT than under CT. Increasing cropping intensity increased SOC up to 22%, SMBC up to 31%, and mineralizable C up to 27% under NT. Differences in crop management systems significantly altered SMB and the associated mineralizable N level, which supplies crops with mineral N. High clay content soils of central Texas can be effectively managed to increase the active and passive pools of SOM using minimal fallow with NT.

Several management systems can improve soil productivity. By studying aggregate stability it is possible to quantify whether or not the management is ameliorating the natural soil properties and the land capability for agriculture. The effect of three tillage systems on the stability of soil aggregates and soil organic carbon was studied in comparison to reference plots with grass and bare soil. Samples were collected at the Pesagro Experimental Research Station in Paty do Alferes, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from an experiment that has been carried out from 1995 to 2001, on a Dystrophic Red Latosol (Typic Haplorthox). Aggregate size distribution mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter of the aggregates, and total organic carbon in each aggregate size fraction were determined. The proportion of aggregates with diameter ≥2 mm appeared to be a suitable indicator of the influence of tillage systems on aggregation. At a depth of 0-5 cm, aggregates ≥2 mm were 50% of soil under no-tillage, which was greater than under animal traction (35%) and conventional tillage (30%). Total organic carbon concentration was greater under no-tillage (19 g kg −1 ) than under conventional tillage (11 g kg −1 ) at a depth of 0-5 cm, but not significantly different (average 13 g kg −1 ) at a depth of 5-10 cm. Soil exposure with tillage and lack of residue inputs caused declines in aggregation and organic carbon, both of which make soil susceptible to erosion. Adoption of no-tillage led to a decline in aggregation compared with grass reference, but did significantly alter soil organic concentration, suggesting it was a valuable conservation practice for vegetable production on sloping soils.

In this paper, an energy system comprising three energy sources, namely PV, wind and fuel cells, is proposed. Each of the three energy sources is controlled so as to deliver energy at optimum efficiency. Fuzzy logic control is employed to achieve maximum power tracking ...

The analysis of state failure and the policy debate have been driven by two very different underlying views of what the state does. The first, which we call the “servicedelivery” view says the role of the state is to provide law and order, stable property rights, key public goods and welfarist redistributions. In failing to provide these, state failure contributes to economic under-performance and poverty. State failure of this type is in turn related to an inter-dependent constellation of governance failures including corruption and rent-seeking, distortions in markets and the absence of democracy. All of these need to be addressed to focus the state on its core service-delivery tasks. The second locates the developing country state in the context of “social transformation”: the dramatic transition these countries are going through as traditional production systems collapse and a capitalist economy begins to emerge. Dynamic transformation states have heavily intervened in property ...

In applications field such as business activity monitoring, telecommunications data management, web personalization and sensor networks event takes the form of continuous event streams. Clients require to sense situations and exceptions in these continuous event stream as opposed to one-time queries to a database. Our research is focused on the following real-time event processing issues: complex event analysis on event streams, QoS-aware event processing services, as well as a novel event stream processing model that seamlessly and efficiently combines event processing services. We have developed ZELESSA, an event stream management system which supports a novel (event stream) processing model. ZELESSA is aimed to continuously receive, process and augment event streams from various source systems in order to calculate in near real-time performance indicators for analytical purposes and intelligent business actions. With our ultimate goal of minimal latency, the system will automatically discover and analyse business situations or exceptions and can create reactive and proactive responses such as generating early warnings, preventing damage/loss and exploiting timecritical business opportunities.

Grain yield and quality of winter wheat (Triticum durum L.) are affected by several factors, and crop management has a very important role among them. A 3-year (from 2003-04 to 2005-06) field experiment under irrigation was carried out at Diyabakir in the South East Anatolia Region of Turkey to evaluate immediate effects of tillage and residue management systems after cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on grain yield and quality [thousand grain weight (TGW), test weight (TW), protein content (PC) and mini sedimentation (mini SDS)] of durum wheat, and correlations among these parameters. A split plot design with three replications was used, in which two residue management treatments [collecting and removing cotton stalks from plots (S Rem ), and chopping and leaving of cotton stalks in plots (S Lev )] were main plots, and six tillage and/or wheat planting method combination treatments [moldboard plough + cultivator + broadcast seeding + cultivator as conventional tillage-I (CT-I), moldboard plough + cultivator + drill as conventional tillage-II (CT-II), chisel plough + cultivator + drill as vertical tillage (VT), two passes of disk harrow + drill as reduced tillage-I (RT-I), rotary tiller + drill as reduced tillage-II (RT-II), and no-till ridge planting (RP)] were sub-plots. The effect of cotton residue management on grain yield, TW, PC, mini SDS was not significant, but S Rem (51.21 g) gave significantly higher TGW than S Lev (50.63 g). Tillage and/or wheat planting method combination treatments had a significant effect on grain yield, TGW and TW, but did not significantly influence PC and mini SDS. Conventional tillage with broadcast seeding (CT-I) treatment produced the lowest wheat grain yield (5.395 Mg ha −1 ), while there were no significant differences in grain yield among the other five tillage treatments (yields ranged from 5.671 to 5.819 Mg ha −1 ). In spite of supplemental irrigations, the variability of weather conditions, particularly the amount and distribution of rainfall during the growing season, had a significant influence on wheat grain yield and quality parameters (TGW, TW, PC, mini SDS). Grain yield had a significant positive correlation with TGW, but it did not show any relationship with other grain quality parameters. In conclusion, the findings suggest that conventional tillage with broadcast seeding would be less effective in producing grain yield of wheat compared to other five tillage treatments with row planting, while management of the previous cotton stalks may not have any effect on yield and quality of wheat except TGW.

As amounts of publicly available video data grow, the need to automatically infer semantics from raw video data becomes significant. In this paper, we address the use of three different techniques that support that task, namely, spatio-temporal rule-based method, hidden Markov models, and dynamic Bayesian networks. First, the application of these techniques for detection and recognition of diverse events is briefly described using two case studies (Tennis and Formula 1). We explain the relationships and differences of the three approaches, as well as benefits of their integrated use. Then the focus is moved to the main point of the paper, which is the integration of the aforementioned techniques within a database management system, which provides efficient, flexible, scalable, and domain independent content-based video retrieval. We identify and consider the most important issues when extending a traditional database management system with content-based video retrieval functionality, namely issues concerning video data models, dynamic feature extraction, and extensions of different layers of database architecture. The advantages of the integrated system are demonstrated on examples from our two case studies.

Although domestic computer use is increasing, most efforts to reduce energy use through improved power management have focused on computers in the workplace. We studied 20 households to understand how people use power management strategies on their home computers. We saw computers in the home, particularly desktop computers, are left on much more than they are actively used suggesting opportunities for economic and energy savings. However, for most of our participants, the economic incentives were too minor to motivate them to turn off devices when not in use, especially given other frustrations such as long boot up times. We suggest research directions for home computer power management that could help users be more green without having to dramatically change their home computing habits.

Australian urban centres are primarily situated along wetter and more humid coastal areas, with much of the dry continental parts of the country remaining relatively undeveloped. Approximately 12 % of the population, in excess of 2 million persons, are not serviced by reticulated sewerage facilities and rely solely on on-site management for the treatment and disposal of domestic wastewaters. A

... System Using MATLAB/SIMULINK Dr. Jameel Ahmed*, Dr. Bilal A. Alvi**, Zeeshan Ali khan* *NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology, Multan, Pakistan **Sir Syed University of Engineering &amp; Technology, Karachi Email: [email protected] ...

Examination of lung lesions at the slaughterhouse is a useful tool to estimate the importance of respiratory disease at farm, regional or national level. The objective of the present work was to describe the prevalence of gross lung lesions at slaughter, with a special focus on pleuritis and cranio-ventral pulmonary consolidation, and to identify major risk factors for these lesions. Data from 107 farms involving approximately 11,000 pigs enabled gross lung lesions to be correlated with serology to different swine respiratory pathogens as well as with production system characteristics and vaccination schedules.

Management is a significant factor in any business activity. It may be enhanced by the application of various management systems. These will help to obtain, organize, administrate, evaluate and control particulars: information, quality, environmental protection, health and safety and various resources (human, finance etc). Environmental management should embrace recent changes in the area of environmental protection, and be tailored to recent regulations in this field – entirely legal and economic, as well as take into use management systems that meet the requirements of the contemporary model for economic development. These changes are aimed at abandoning the conventional approach of environmental protection and replace it with sustainable development. The keys and the aims of Cleaner Productions are at present being implemented in various companies as a non-formalised environmental management system. This concept is suggested here as a proper model for practice where geothermal en...

Recent studies have focused on the study of social networks among local resource users, but few have attempted to study co-management networks. The objective of the research was to assess the Chilean shellfish co-management system from an organizational network perspective. Starting with one detailed case study, representatives of 38 small-scale fisher associations from two administrative regions were interviewed to investigate: (1) networks of actors in each co-management case, (2) the functions of these actors in co-management, and fisher perceptions about Chile's co-management arrangement. Results indicate that decision-making is highly centralized and power is concentrated in government, with little horizontal exchange and cooperation among fisher associations. However, the network approach indicates the presence of a rich set of players, some seven sets of actors by function. Grassroots management innovations are hampered by the existing co-management structure, suggesting that the system may benefit from a modification of the policy to allow greater learningby-doing and flexibility.