Long Span Bridge

A single span of 51.45m long arch bridge with 50mm diameter spiral strand pre-stretched cable hanger network and pre-stressed post tension girder was constructed over Dungsam River at Samdrupjongkhar by CDCL under Samdrupjongkhar municipality. The bridge was first of its kind in Bhutan in terms of design. This paper presents the features of the design and technical approaches to construction of network arch Bridge. The design was analyze using Midas Civil software to obtain structural solution. The design phase considers different elements from the code provisions including bridge dimensions, materials and fundamental structures of beam, deck and arch. The construction phase shows the technical approaches in the construction of bridge including design of staging. The recommendations from the construction activities are provided for wider understanding of the applicability and potential benefits to client, designers and contractor to make well informed decision for future bridges.

This paper presents a life cycle cost analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforced concrete highway bridges. This study shows that despite the higher initial construction cost of CFRP reinforced bridges, they can be cost effective when compared to traditional steel reinforced bridges. The analysis considers the cost items of initial construction, maintenance, repair, rehabilitation and demolition activities and the associated user costs as determined by traffic volume, speed, operation and crashes. The analysis is performed for a 100-year service life. The cost information has been obtained from the literature, FHWA, and Michigan DOT. The most cost efficient alternative for side-by-side box beam bridges was a medium span CFRP bridge located in a high traffic area. Depending on traffic volume and bridge geometry, a probabilistic analysis revealed that there is greater than a 95% probability that the CFRP reinforced bridge will become the least expensive option between 20 and 40 years of service. The break-even year for the CFRP reinforced bridge is typically at the time of the first major repair activity, a shallow deck overlay, on the steel reinforced bridge.

Abstrak Studi ini membahas tentang analisis respon dinamik perilaku gempa pada jembatan rangka pelengkung sebagai akibat dari pengaruh pergerakan tanah dan patahan. Data gempa didapat dari integral waktu gelombang respon percepatan gempa Jiji Taiwan pada tahun 1999 yang kemudian diaplikasikan kepada struktur jembatan rangka pelengkung untuk diteliti perilaku responsnya. Analisis respons dinamik dibuat menggunakan gerakan tanah pada saat gempa pada arah transversal dan longitudinal, bersamaan dengan pergerakan patahan pada arah vertical dan transversal, untuk meneliti perilaku gempa dari model jembatan baja pelengkung yang digunakan. Model analitis dengan sejarah waktu (time history) disimulasikan menggunakan model 3D dengan program ABAQUS. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, perilaku respons dari kedua kasus pada arah transversal dan longitudinal akibat akselerasi menunjukkan bentuk respons yang sedikit berbeda. Selain, itu juga ditemukan bahwa elemen struktur yang mengalami plastis berkumpul pertemuan antara rangka utama jembatan pelengkung dan girder pengakunya.

Balanced cantilever bridges are used for special requirements like 1) Construction over traffic 2) Short lead time compared to steel 3) Use local labour and materials. If continuous spans are used, the governing bending moment can minimised and hence the individual span length can increase. But unyielding supports are required for continuous construction. Hence for the medium span in the range of about 35 to 60 m, a combination of supported span, cantilever and suspended span can be adopted and bridge with this type of superstructure is known as balanced cantilever bridge. This chapter include the analysis and design of a 50m span prestressed balanced cantilever bridge which comprises of 6 numbers of PreCast Post Tensioned-I Girder 38m long Simply Supported at one end and connected through a Cast-in-Situ Stitch Concrete to a Continuous Balanced Cantilever Box Girder (2x11m). The bridge structure has been modelled by Finite element Technique using MIDAS Civil and analysis has been performed to get various output such as primary and secondary bending moment, shear forces and torsion quantities at various locations of the bridge. The design of super structure is performed as per IRC standards. Keywords— Balanced cantilever bridge, Prestressed, I girder, Box girder, Primary and secondary moments and MIDAS Civil I. INTRODUCTION Balanced Cantilever Bridge is so named due to its method of construction. It is one of the most efficient methods of building bridges without the need of false work. This method has great advantages over other forms of construction in urban areas where temporary shoring would disrupt traffic and services below, in deep gorges, and over waterways where false-work would not only be expensive but also a hazard. Construction commences from the permanent piers and proceeds in a " balanced " manner to mid span. Before starts design dimensions are assumed based on experience. The design involves calculation of the section properties, primary and secondary moments, magnitude and location of the prestressing force, profile of the tendons, losses due to prestressing, shear stresses at different sections.

There have been several attempts to define the parameters influencing the aesthetic qualities of structures in architectural and engineering fields. Relationship of “Visual Appearance vs. Structural Form” found visible and impressive in examples of bridge structures.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the principles related to aesthetics of bridge structures and to make a comparative and quantitative study based on these principles. The present thesis reports the results of such a study specifically regarding the Imrahor Valley Viaduct in Ankara, Turkey.
The case of Imrahor Valley Viaduct has been first overviewed with its construction technique and design parameters. Then, design dimensions of the bridge have been changed and alternative design dimensions have been analyzed with specific structural analysis programs to illustrate and compare the resultant visual effects of the studied alternatives.
The study is concluded with suggestions for the quantitative researches concerning the visual appearance of bridge structures.

The long-term behavior of long-span prestressed concrete continuous rigid-frame bridges is significantly sensitive to creep and shrinkage. Therefore, it is important to accurately estimate creep and shrinkage effects. This paper presents modified prediction models that are based on the creep and shrinkage models in the existing bridge code. These modified prediction models match well with the test results of the high-strength concrete used in the continuous rigid frame of the Sutong Bridge in China. Results indicate that the accuracy in predicting creep and shrinkage can be enhanced greatly by measuring short-term creep and shrinkage on the given concrete and by modifying the prediction model parameters accordingly. Subsequently, the probabilistic analysis method of structural creep and shrinkage effects was studied. Uncertainty analysis of time-dependent effects in the given bridge was performed using the modified model, and results were compared with field-test data. Two approaches for mitigating deflections that were used in the continuous rigid frame of the Sutong Bridge are introduced. Finally, the time-dependent deflection at the midspan attributable to creep and shrinkage was analyzed. /$25.00.

This is a design and implementation of an online Hostel Management System. " ONLINE HOSTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM " is software developed for managing various activities in the hostel. For the past few years the number of educational institutions is increasing rapidly. Thereby the number of hostels is also increasing for the accommodation of the students studying in this institution. And hence there is a lot of strain on the person who are running the hostel and software's are not usually used in this context. This particular project deals with the problems on managing a hostel and avoids the problems which occur when carried manually. Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of computerized system that will be compatible to the existing system with the system which is more user friendly and more GUI oriented. We can improve the efficiency of the system, thus overcome the drawbacks of the existing system

The purpose of this paper is to explain the concepts in long span design and general procedures associated with the construction of the Long Span Crossings for the LRT3 Project. The paper endeavours to describe an overview of the methodology for long span construction covering design concepts, lessons learned from past and previous incidents, importance of temporary design checks, the various geometrical concrete profiles for the segments, SBG casting method and transportation of segments, including roles and responsibility of the parties involved, and overall safety aspects to be considered. 

The ultimate aim with the construction of the Long Span Crossings is to safe guard human life, avoid property damage and negative social impact. QAQC and Safety procedures are also described in the paper.

Set over the Bow River in the mountain setting of Banff is a slender 113m long timber bridge both serving pedestrian traffic and providing a sensitive sanitary crossing replacement. Its minimal form was designed to blend into the natural beauty of Canada's first national park.

Low wind Speed Heaving Resonance (LSHR) is a new phenomenon, found during experimental researches on long span bridge model in LAGG. The studies were performed on sectional models of typical deck of a long span bridge and several generic models of sharp, round and flat edges. The phenomenon is a typical resonance of heaving motion which appears in low speed wind. Further experiments of deck models with railing showed that the phenomenon was actually generated by secondary separation. It creates pressure differences on upper and lower deck surfaces.

This publication deals with the metamorphoses of the Brisbane Victoria Bridge. It includes an Appendix Palladiana where the ideological "matrix" of the Palladian Manifesto Villa "La Rotunda" is said to be the "Tetraktys" (the upper numbers/part of the Pythagorean Lambda). Furthermore the root two rectangle, Serlio's "proportione diagonea", is also said to be at the basis of the Villa's proportionality patterns (see Appendix Palladiana - with figures - Palladian proportionality patterns), "along all axes" (Morgan, 1960), making the masterpiece "triaxially symmetrical", with a section a la "doron" (see Vitruvius and March, 1998), which, according to the author, has given origin to the famous name of the Golden Section (in Italian: Sezione D'Oro - originally allegedly called a "Sezione 'Doron' ").

Post-earthquake damages investigation in past and recent earthquakes has illustrated that the ground motion spatial variation plays an important role in the structural response of long span bridges. For the structural control of seismic-induced vibrations of cable-stayed bridges, it is extremely important to include the effects of the ground motion spatial variation in the analysis for design of an effective control system. The feasibility and efficiency of different vibration control strategies for the cable-stayed bridge under multiple support excitations have been examined to enhance a structure's ability to withstand earthquake excitations. Comparison of the response due to non-uniform input ground motion with that due to uniform input demonstrates the importance of accounting for spatial variability of excitations. The performance of the optimized designed control systems for uniform input excitations gets worse dramatically over almost all of the evaluation criteria under multiple-support excitations.

The option of a double main span suspension bridge has thoroughly been studied in the Netherlands as an alternative to a bridge with a very long single main span. This paper presents the conclusions of that study, along with the comparative conceptual designs of both bridge options. The study and the designs allowed pronouncing the double main span bridge feasible despite the large horizontal loads on its middle pylon. The results can be indicative for multi-span suspension bridges that are now planned or under construction in other countries.

ABSTRACT: Soil stabilization is an important aspect in road construction that ensures improved stability of weaker or wetter soils used in pavement layers. Diminishing and scarcity of sources of good quality construction materials has led to an increase in innovative soil stabilization techniques. Most of the new soil stabilization techniques focus on the utilization of locally available marginal materials that ordinarily do not meet the required specifications. The road sector in Zambia has experienced considerable investment in the last 6 years, which has also attracted a variety of non-conventional soil stabilization products on the market. These include sulfonated petroleum and other related products such as lignosulfonates, synthetic polymer emulsions, enzymes, calcium or magnesium chlorides and clay additives. These products are normally promoted as a cheaper alternative to conventional chemical stabilization agents like cement and lime and are touted to work for dust suppression, as strength and compaction improvement agents as well as swell and shrinkage properties improvement on different types of soils. This paper discusses Zambia’s experience from trial sections and laboratory tests in the use and performance of sulfonated petroleum products and other non-conventional soil stabilization chemicals including the challenges in their evaluation and measures that have been undertaken to manage and control the use of these non-conventional stabilizers in road construction in Zambia.

you can find all the large span bridges which was built in recent years in China. 
In it cover all the highway and railway large span bridge crossing the Yangtze River  and long River in China .
all the data and information was checked several times to make sure is correct.

Two structural systems dominate the choice of a very long span bridge nowadays – the suspension and cable-stayed bridge, both with one or more main spans and in steel or concrete version. Yet, the combination of these possibilities leaves the designer with quite many options. The question which option represents the best choice has been studied in details as part of the Western Scheldt Crossing project in the Netherlands. This paper presents the conclusions of that study and the comparative conceptual designs of four final bridge options. The results can be indicative for prospective studies on long span bridge crossings in other projects.

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum design of arch longitudinal no prismatic single-cell section. The FE model of the Cetina open spandrel arch bridge was constructed using the ANSYS. In this present work the optimum design is carried out by taking total material volume of substructure of bridge as objective function. Substructure includes of column and reinforced concrete arch. Finally, the optimization technique is performed by Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) algorithm. It is concluded that SPSA can be effectively used in the shape optimization of the bridges.

An extensive literature review of human induced vibrations that flexible footbridges experience is addressed in this study. Qualitative information is comprehensively included herein to provide common methods and code recommendations for the practicing engineers. The parameters affecting the dynamic response of footbridges excited by pedestrians are highlighted. In particular, the synchronous lateral excitation is addressed. This investigation can be valuable for the design criteria election. In addition, this work contributes to the review of numerous case studies correlating important dynamic characteristics for various footbridge structural types, the variability of which confirms the complexity of the issue. Furthermore, vibration upgrading methods are described, focusing on applications of tuned mass dampers and remarkable conclusions are drawn.

Reinforced concrete is a very versatile construction material. Properly constructed and designed concrete
structures are both strong and durable. However, improper construction can cause early deterioration. Deterioration
can result in loss of strength and unsafe conditions. Present case describes the distresses of bridge across river
Kharun on Lakhnaghat – Jamghat Road at km 1/2-4 constructed in 2010. This bridge started showing the sign of
dilapidation soon after 2-3 years of construction. Probable causes of early deterioration are also discussed

A picture titled: “A Polish friend Chris Vorbrich with his boat ‘Orion V’ at Tower Bridge [London].”  Included in a book by Michael Emmett titled “Living in the Backwaters,” Maldon, England 1996. The picture was taken by Ch. Vorbrich during his voyage on board s/y Orion V in 1993–1994 along the coasts of Thames Estuary. This voyage is described in the article in Polish: Vorbrich Krzysztof Konstanty, “Wyprawy ‘MewoRejsy’. 35 lat żeglując ‘mieczówkami’ po świecie.... Część Druga: Świat celtycko-anglosaski. Ludzie z diamentu i żaglowce z charakterem. Rozdział pierwszy: British Isles – Thames Estuary – Wstęp”
(“‘Seagull’ Voyages. Thirty five years of voyaging world’s waters on board centreboard sailing dinghies. Part Two. Celtic & Anglo-Saxon world. Mariners made of iron and sailing ships with a character. Chapter One: British Isles – Thames Estuary – Introduction”)
[in]: Zeszyty Żeglarskie, No. 10, August 2004, Szczecin (Poland), ISBN 1730-220X, ss. (pp.) 1–15. This article in PDF file is uploaded to Academia.edu in the section titled: Papers on sports yachting long-distance.

Two structural systems dominate the choice of a very long span bridge nowadays – the suspension and cable-stayed bridge, both with one or more main spans and in steel or concrete version. Yet, the combination of these possibilities leaves the designer with quite many options. The question which option represents the best choice has been studied in details as part of the Western Scheldt Crossing project in the Netherlands. This paper presents the conclusions of that study and the comparative conceptual designs of four final bridge options. The results can be indicative for prospective studies on long span bridge crossings in other projects.

The option of a double main span suspension bridge has thoroughly been studied in the Netherlands as an alternative to a bridge with a very long single main span. This paper presents the conclusions of that study, along with comparative conceptual designs of both bridge options. The study and the designs allowed pronouncing the double main span bridge feasible despite the large horizontal loads on its middle pylon. The results can be indicative for prospective multi-span suspension bridges.

The present study considers a multi-span continuous bridge, isolated by lead rubber bearing (LRB). Dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI) is modelled with the help of a simplified, sway-rocking model for different types of soil. It is well understood from the literature that SSI influences the structural responses and the isolator performance. However, the above-mentioned effect of SSI also depends on the earthquake ground motion properties. It is very important to understand how the interaction between soil and structure varies with the earthquake ground motion characteristics but, as far as the knowledge of the authors go, no study has been carried out to investigate this effect. Therefore, the objectives of the present study are to investigate the influence of earthquake ground motion characteristics on: (a) the responses of a multi span bridge (isolated and non-isolated), (b) the performance of the isolator and, most importantly, (c) the soil-structure interaction. Statistical...

The present study considers a multi-span continuous bridge, isolated by lead rubber bearing (LRB). Dynamic soil- structure interaction (SSI) is modelled with the help of a simplified, sway-rocking model for different types of soil. It is well understood from the literature that SSI influences the structural responses and the isolator performance. However, the above- mentioned effect of SSI also depends on the earthquake ground motion properties. It is very important to understand how the interaction between soil and structure varies with the earthquake ground motion characteristics but, as far as the knowledge of the authors go, no study has been carried out to investigate this effect. Therefore, the objectives of the present study are to investigate the influence of earthquake ground motion characteristics on: (a) the responses of a multi span bridge (isolated and non-isolated), (b) the performance of the isolator and, most importantly, (c) the soil-structure interaction. Statistical analyses are conducted by considering 14 earthquakes which are selected in such a way that they can be
categorized into three frequency content groups according to their peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity (PGA/PGV) ratio. Lumped mass model of the bridge is developed and time history analyses are carried out by solving the governing equations of motion in the state space form. The performance of the isolator is studied by comparing the responses of the bridge with those of the corresponding uncontrolled bridge (i.e., non-isolated bridge). On studying the effect of earthquake motions, it is observed that the earthquake ground motion characteristics affect the interaction between soil and structure in such a way that the responses decrease with increase in frequency content of the earthquake for all the types of soil considered. The reverse phenomenon is observed in case of the isolator performance where the control efficiencies increase with frequency content of earthquake.

It is widely recognized that the most rational way of tackling the risks of engineered facilities and infrastructures subject to natural and man-made phenomena, and reducing them, both in designing new facilities and in rehabilitating or retrofitting the existing ones, is Performance-Based Design, usually indicated by the acronym PBD (but a better term would be “Performance-Based Engineering”). The basic concepts of PBD have been applied for almost 30 years in the nuclear power plant industry; later, PBD has been ...