Loneliness and Depression

As the population of adults with disabilities and senior citizens continues to grow, understanding the factors that influence their mental health becomes increasingly critical. This study examines the protective and risk factors associated with mental health outcomes among adults aged 21 and over with developmental or intellectual disabilities or incapacitated, as well as senior citizens aged 62 and over, in Oxon Hill, Maryland. Conducted between 2017 and 2018, the study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data. Results indicate that higher levels of loneliness and perceived uncertainty correlate with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety across both groups. Conversely, social support and engagement in community activities emerged as significant protective factors. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to address loneliness and enhance social connectivity among these populations.

This article examines the pervasive themes of isolation and loneliness in Anita Nair's novels The Better Man and Mistress. Through her nuanced portrayals of characters struggling with these emotions, Nair delves into the complexities of the human condition within the socio-cultural context of Indian society. The central thesis argues that isolation and loneliness are not only central to the characters’ experiences but also serve as a lens through which Nair critiques societal expectations and the pressures that contribute to the characters' sense of alienation. This article will analyze both the physical and emotional aspects of isolation and loneliness, how these themes shape the characters' interactions, and their impact on personal growth and identity formation.

The internationalization of higher education is an increasing phenomenon. However, there is not much research on how immigrant students are affected psychologically by this situation. In this study, an examination was made on the psychological well-being and loneliness of immigrant students. The research is a quantitative research and regression analysis was used in the research. Participants are 273 undergraduate students who have a variety of ages, grades, and faculties at

The internationalization of higher education is an increasing phenomenon. However, there is not much research on how immigrant students are affected psychologically by this situation. In this study, an examination was made on the psychological well-being and loneliness of immigrant students. The research is a quantitative research and regression analysis was used in the research. Participants are 273 undergraduate students who have a variety of ages, grades, and faculties at State University of Malang, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using a loneliness scale based on Bruno's theory (2000) which was constructed by Silvia (2014) with a reliability value of 0.745 and a psychological well-being scale developed by Eva (2020) with a reliability value of 0.790. Data analysis technique using multiple linear regression. The results showed that psychological well-being had a significant influence with a contribution value of 61% on loneliness experienced by migrating students, with four influencing dimensions namely self-acceptance, positive relationships, environmental mastery, and self-development. To cite this article Renata, R., & Eva, N. (2023). Immigrant students: An investigation on loneliness and psychological wellbeing. Psychology Research on Education and Social Sciences, 4(3), 103-116.

is a novel that takes the reader back to a time in history when men and women played very different roles in their lives. The main theme in the novel is the way men used to view the stereotypical role of women and the resulting isolation that was created by society due to such perspectives. Susan Glaspell uses different Surname

Background: Loneliness is a serious issue among the elderly that considerably affects their health. Spiritual health might affect the level of loneliness in these individuals. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual health and loneliness.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 330 older adults who live in the western areas of the Golestan Province, Iran in 2019. The subjects were selected using stratified random sampling method with proportional to size. Data were collected by the short form of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S) and the Spiritual Health Questionnaire (SHQ). Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 18) using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Statistical significance level was set to 0.05.
Results: The mean of spiritual health and loneliness were 96.57±4.10 and 21.25±9.05, respectively. There was no significant correlation between spiritual health and loneliness (P=0.72), but there was a significant difference between urban and rural residents in this regard (P=0.037 and P=0.003). In addition, there was a significant relationship between spiritual health and loneliness in general (r=-0.139 and P=0.02). There was an inverse correlation between spiritual health and loneliness among urban residents (r=-0.27 and P=0.001) but not among rural residents (r=-0.06 and P=0.41).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, there is an inverse correlation between spiritual health and loneliness among the elderly. This could be a useful finding for planners and activists in the field of geriatric mental health in development of educational counseling and support programs.

From the beginning of the article: 'Loneliness has been defined as a “distressing feeling that accompanies the perception that one’s social needs are not being met by the quantity or especially the quality of one’s social relationships” (Hawkley and Cacioppo 2010, 218).'

Dalit is a name for people belonging to the lowest stratum castes in Nepal and India, previously characterized as untouchable but now this discrimination is illegal. This study examines the socioeconomic and health status of older Dalits living in the Jaya Prithvi Municipality of Bajhang district, Nepal. The source of data for this study is based on the 381 primary data collected from the faceto-face field survey carried out in 2021. This study found more than half of respondents were residing with their son/daughter-in-law (53.2%). Elderly living with a spouse only was quite high (37.4%) than in other studies from Nepal. It shows the emerging trend of living arrangements slightly different than previous other studies of the Nepalese elderly. Out of the total respondents, nearly 95 percent have at least one health problem. More than 90 percent of respondents have feelings of loneliness (92.1%) and depression (94.7%). Further, more than half of the respondents (59.4%) feel that they are not cared for by their family members and nearly two-thirds (65.7%) have feelings of insecurity. Local governments and stakeholders, including public health officials, should start health promotion programmes and awareness activities focusing on Dalits older people so that older people can live dignified lives in their later years.

Research Paper
The number of people who experience loneliness has been increasing worldwide. In the context of the workplace, loneliness is often regarded as shameful, which causes workplace loneliness (WL) to be ignored or overlooked. Though several studies have explored WL, many of them used a quantitative method aiming at evaluating WL objectively. While these studies offer insights into the pattern and trends of WL, the first-hand experience of WL remains to be appraised. Accordingly, this study sought to explore WL from the perspective of employees and organizations in Singapore, using a qualitative research design and thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews from nine participants, including six employees and three human resources personnel. Three themes were identified: i) causes, ii) impacts of and iii) ways to manage WL. Our findings suggest that WL is not only a personal problem, but also a challenge to the organization. Authors suggest that collaborative approaches between employees and organizations to address WL are needed.

The concept of social participation integrates with the policy of active ageing along with health and security. It encourages and advocates the productive engagement of elderly and acknowledges their potential contribution in the society. The main objective of this paper is to explore the status of social participation and its influence on their quality of life of older people living in community dwelling in Nepal. A cross-sectional community-based survey was carried out (November-December 2017) among 547 randomly selected 60 years and older people living in community dwelling. Quality of life (QOL) was measured by using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-abbreviated scale and social participation was measured by asking direct questions related to their participation in publing meeting, and perception about social relations in last one year.  Descriptive technique was used to analyze the data. One way ANOVA was performed to explain the significance of differentials in qua...

The aim of this study is to examine the mediation role of internet addiction in the relationship between loneliness and depression. 452 university students (241 women, 211 men) ranging in age from 17 to 31 and who are receiving education in different faculties at Firat University in Turkey participated in the study. UCLA Loneliness Scale, Young Internet Addiction Test Short Form, and Indication Scanning List was applied to the participants. The data were analyzed with correlation, regression, hierarchical regression analysis, and Sobel Z test. According to correlation analysis, there are relations in a positive way among loneliness, depression, and internet addiction. In reference to regression analysis, loneliness predicts internet addiction and depression. However, internet addiction also predicts depression as well. As a result of hierarchical regression analysis to determine the mediation role of internet addiction, it was monitored that internet addiction has partial mediation in the relation between loneliness and depression. In addition to that, it was confirmed that this mediation predicts at a significant level with Sobel Z Test. The findings of the study demonstrate a partial mediation role of internet addiction in the relation between loneliness and depression. According to this result, it can be stated that loneliness and internet addiction are risk factors for depression. In terms of studies on depression, the results of this study can be taken into consideration.

It is widely acknowledged that loneliness and depression are prevalent among university students and may contribute to poor academic achievements or higher probability of dropping out of university. However, the associations between these two phenomena are complex and not fully understood. In this paper we describe preliminary findings from a longitudinal study investigating the interrelationships between loneliness and depression in a representative sample of students of the University of Rzeszów (Poland). The obtained results confirm those from previous studies reporting a stronger and more stable effect of loneliness on depression than vice versa. A temporally stable influence of loneliness on depression suggests that interventions aiming to reduce the intensity of the feeling of loneliness should result in lowering the severity of depressive symptoms. University counselling services should offer interventions targeting loneliness among the students in order to help them to adapt to the challenges of the university education and protect them from developing depression.

The project is based on the creation of a mobile application, which brings volunteers closer to the old people. Like a TINDER, which is a relationship app, "HANDS ON" allows for interaction between users. A volunteer can make an elderly person come on a walk, provide small services, and reconnect that person with the social environment in which he/she lives, freeing them from loneliness. Especially in large cities, many elderly people live alone, by abandonment or widower, and insurrender to depression. The app will indicate the proximity of those involved and will have an assessment, with emojis highlighting the best voted by the elderly. Therefore, it will be free, friendly, as it is aimed at the elderly. In the security aspect of its users, the application provides for the identification of those involved, times of contacts and other tools that will be useful for this purpose, without, however, characterizing intrusion into intimacy and with respect to legal norms that protect personal data (LGPD).

Loneliness is a reflection of a lack of connection, not of a lack of people. Therefore, even in a crowd, a person can experience loneliness. If no one from their known support network is present, being in the middle of a group can make some people feel even more isolated because they find it difficult to interact with those around them. Here are some examples of loneliness: • Existential Loneliness According to existential theory, some existential loneliness in seniors is healthy for the soul and is unavoidably a part of the human experience. However, loneliness frequently elicits negative emotions, and while these can be beneficial for self-exploration, we are also hesitant about them and want to avoid them as much as possible. We all have existential fears from time to time, such as the fear of being alone, dying, having no purpose in life, and being free. We can immerse ourselves in the present by acknowledging the fear and using it as motivation to live more fully and in the moment. That may help us realize that we are among a vast sea of people battling these fears.

An interesting association between sociocognitive understanding and depression has been documented in clinical populations, with high levels of depression apparently related to theory-of-mind deficits. Yet no research has so far investigated this relationship among typically developing preadolescents. Therefore, the authors' main aim was to extend previous findings to the general population and to a younger age group. A secondary aim was to explore the role of feelings of loneliness referring to the previous link. A sociocognitive understanding task followed by self-report questionnaires on depressive symptoms and perceived loneliness were administered to a sample of 326 students attending primary and middle schools. Mediation analyses revealed that feelings of loneliness mediated the effect of sociocognitive understanding on depressive symptoms, but only among girls. In boys, depressive symptoms were directly linked to sociocognitive skills. In girls, on the contrary, the relat...

It is widely acknowledged that loneliness and depression are prevalent among university students and may contribute to poor academic achievements or higher probability of dropping out of university. However, the associations between these two phenomena are complex and not fully understood. In this paper we describe preliminary findings from a longitudinal study investigating the interrelationships between loneliness and depression in a representative sample of students of the University of Rzeszów (Poland). The obtained results confirm those from previous studies reporting a stronger and more stable effect of loneliness on depression than vice versa. A temporally stable influence of loneliness on depression suggests that interventions aiming to reduce the intensity of the feeling of loneliness should result in lowering the severity of depressive symptoms. University counselling services should offer interventions targeting loneliness among the students in order to help them to adapt to the challenges of the university education and protect them from developing depression.

Throughout historical decades the unfair system of life in patriarchal societies and the oppression of women by men have always been key concepts in the literature of the world that have given rise to hot topics of discussion among different nations, questioning the real motive behind such trends. Hence, by examining Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles” through the lens of Ecofeminism the present paper aims to show how it can be considered as an ecofeminist work of literature doing away with the notions that pertain to the oppression of women and Nature by men.

This research plans to focus on the spousal abuse of women in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles. Susan Glaspell (1876-1948) is one of the remarkable American female playwrights whose main literary concern is focusing on women issues. The drama of Trifles is considered her master piece in which she sympathises with the American abused women and speaks up for them. American woman is still suffering from spousal abuse but in the early 20thcentury this problem was ignored, excused or denied because women did not have their legal rights and were treated as being inferior than men. The system then gave men the authority over women in all aspects of society even at home. When speaking about abused women, critics’ main concern is the physical effects of the abuse ignoring other types of the spousal abuse, their impacts and consequences. Through her realistic drama of Trifles, Glaspell exposes different types of spousal abuse which are important as the physical onesince they have bad impact on the vi...

The present study, emphasizing the significance of interdisciplinary approach in interrogating the phenomenon of violence as comprehensively as possible, explores the concept further through the insights from recent spatial studies and spatially oriented literature studies. Although space was traditionally defined either as a distance between entities or as an empty, natural, and passive container which functions as a backstage for human action, more recent theorizations, with especially the spatial turn in the social sciences and humanities since the late 1960s, have approached the term from more critical, analytical perspectives. Space has been conceptualized as an active, dynamic agent participating in social, political and cultural processes. To investigate the active role space, intersecting with a set of cultural, economic and political processes, plays in shaping individual and social experiences, it is significant to go beyond the traditional understanding of space as a physical entity but to include the imagined and lived aspects of spatial production as well. Violence, as an equally contested social phenomenon defying easy theorizations, is a pertinent term to be considered in relation to space with its physical, imagined and lived dimensions, and the present study seeks to explore the relations between these two terms as represented in Susan Glaspell's Trifles. The play offers significant insights into the subtle workings of violence in everyday spaces, and calls for a comprehensive, intersectional approach in the enquiry of the term rather than focusing on a straightforward perpetrator and victim binary.

The aim of this study is to examine the mediation role of internet addiction in the relationship between loneliness and depression. 452 university students (241 women, 211 men) ranging in age from 17 to 31 and who are receiving education in different faculties at Firat University in Turkey participated in the study. UCLA Loneliness Scale, Young Internet Addiction Test Short Form, and Indication Scanning List was applied to the participants. The data were analyzed with correlation, regression, hierarchical regression analysis, and Sobel Z test. According to correlation analysis, there are relations in a positive way among loneliness, depression, and internet addiction. In reference to regression analysis, loneliness predicts internet addiction and depression. However, internet addiction also predicts depression as well. As a result of hierarchical regression analysis to determine the mediation role of internet addiction, it was monitored that internet addiction has partial mediation in the relation between loneliness and depression. In addition to that, it was confirmed that this mediation predicts at a significant level with Sobel Z Test. The findings of the study demonstrate a partial mediation role of internet addiction in the relation between loneliness and depression. According to this result, it can be stated that loneliness and internet addiction are risk factors for depression. In terms of studies on depression, the results of this study can be taken into consideration.

The current research aims to examine the roles of perceived social support, coping, and loneliness when predicting the Internet addiction in adolescents. The research participants included 300 high school students, with an average age of 16.49 and SD=1.27, attending schools in a city in Southeastern Anatolian Region during 2015-2016 academic years. Participant adolescents included 180 females (60%) and 120 males (40%). Data collection was conducted through Short Form of Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Revised Form of Multi-Dimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, Coping Scale for Children and Youth, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale – Short-Form. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were used to analyze the research data. Research findings showed that perceived social support from significant other support, loneliness, and cognitive avoidance and problem solving among coping strategies significantly predicted Internet addic...

It is widely acknowledged that loneliness and depression are prevalent among university students and may contribute to poor academic achievements or higher probability of dropping out of university. However, the associations between these two phenomena are complex and not fully understood. In this paper we describe preliminary findings from a longitudinal study investigating the interrelationships between loneliness and depression in a representative sample of students of the University of Rzeszów (Poland). The obtained results confirm those from previous studies reporting a stronger and more stable effect of loneliness on depression than vice versa. A temporally stable influence of loneliness on depression suggests that interventions aiming to reduce the intensity of the feeling of loneliness should result in lowering the severity of depressive symptoms. University counselling services should offer interventions targeting loneliness among the students in order to help them to adapt to the challenges of the university education and protect them from developing depression.

Giriş: Covid-19 pandemisi dünyada birçok kişiyi etkilemiş olup salgın haline gelmiştir. Ülkeler sınırlarını birbirlerine kapatmış ve bir izolasyona, zorunlu kapanmalara gidilmiştir. Bu dönemde testi pozitif olan bireyler kendilerini yalnızlık ruh haliyle bulmuşlardır ve onları depresyona getiren süreci de beraberinde getirmiştir. Yapılan literatür çalışmasında ilgili değişkenlerin birbirlerini etkilediği gözlemlenmiş olup kişinin sosyal bağlantılara sahip olmasının onu yalnızlık hali ve depresyon sürecinden çıkaracağına yönelik bulgular sunulmuştur. Amaç: Bu araştırma Covid-19 pandemisinde testi pozitif çıkan bireylerin geçirmiş olduğu izolasyon periyodunda kendilerini yalnız hissetme, buna bağlı olarak depresyon düzeylerinin artıp artmadığını, süreç içerisinde almış oldukları sosyal desteğin iki etken arasında modere rolünün olup olmadığını irdelemektedir. Yöntem: Bilgilendirilmiş Onam ve Rıza Formu ile Katılımcı Bilgilendirilmiş Onam ve Rıza Formu verilerek, katılacak bireylerin çalışma hakkında bilgilendirilmeleri ve katılım için gönüllülük esasına dayalı onamlarının alınımı sağlanmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama araçları olarak araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan ve katılımcıların demografik özelliklerinin sorgulandığı Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu ile geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılan UCLA-Yalnızlık Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği ve Çokboyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 25.0 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Yapılan analizler sonucunda yalnızlık, depresyon ve sosyal destek puanlarının Covid-19 durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>.05). Sosyal desteğin yalnızlık ve depresyon üzerindeki aracı rolü ele alındığında anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmadığı gözlemlenmiştir (p>.05). Sosyal destek aile alt boyutu puanlarının cinsiyet değişkenine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir (p<.05). Yalnızlık, depresyon ve sosyal destek toplam puanlarının özel bir insan ve arkadaş alt boyut puanlarının cinsiyet değişkenine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>.05). Yalnızlık puanlarının eğitim durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı gözlenmiştir (p<.01). Depresyon puanlarının eğitim durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir (p<.05). Yalnızlık puanlarının çalışma durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir (p<.01). Depresyon puanlarının çalışma durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir (p<.01). Sosyal destek, aile ve arkadaş alt boyut puanlarının çalışma durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir. (p>.05). Yalnızlık puanlarının gelir düzeyine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir (p<.05). Depresyon puanlarının gelir düzeyine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı gözlenmiştir (p<.01). Sonuç: Araştırma sonuçları literatür çerçevesinde ele alınmış olup çalışma hipotezinin literatürdeki bulguları desteklemediğini göstermiştir. Çalışma soruları ele alındığında ise bir kısmı literatürdeki bulgularla benzerlik sağlamıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yalnızlık, Depresyon, Sosyal Destek, Covid-19/Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has affected many people in the world and has become an epidemic. Countries have closed their borders to each other and an isolation and forced closures have been made. In this period, individuals with a positive test found themselves in a state of loneliness and process that brought them into depression. In the literature study, it has been observed that the relevant variables affect each other, and the findings are presented that the person's social connections will heal him from the process of loneliness and depression. Purpose: This study examines whether individuals with a positive test in the Covid-19 pandemic feel lonely during the isolation period, whether their depression levels increase or not, and whether the social support they have received in the process has a moderating role between the two factors. Method: By giving the Informed Consent and Consent Form and the Participant Informed Consent and Consent Form, the individuals who will participate were informed about the study and their consent was obtained on a voluntary basis for participation. The Sociodemographic Information Form, which was created by the researcher and questioned the demographic characteristics of the participants, and the UCLA-Loneliness Scale, Beck Depression Scale and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 program. Results: As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that the loneliness, depression and social support scores did not differ statistically according to the Covid-19 status (p>.05). Considering the mediator role of social support on loneliness and depression, it was observed that there was no significant difference (p>.05). It was determined that the social support family sub-dimension scores differed statistically significantly according to the gender variable (p<.05). It was determined that the total scores of loneliness, depression and social support and a special person and friend sub-dimension scores did not differ statistically significantly according to the gender variable (p>.05). It was observed that the loneliness scores differed statistically significantly according to the education level (p<.01). It was determined that depression scores differed statistically significantly according to educational status (p<.05). It was determined that the loneliness scores differed statistically significantly according to the working status (p<.01). It was determined that the depression scores differed statistically significantly according to the working status (p<.01). It was determined that social support, family and friend sub-dimension scores did not differ statistically significantly according to employment status. (p>.05). It was determined that the loneliness scores differed statistically significantly according to the income level (p<.05). It was observed that the depression scores differed statistically significantly according to the income level (p<.01). Conclusion: The results of the research were discussed within the framework of the literature and showed that the hypothesis did not support the findings in the literature. Considering the study questions, some of them provided similarity with the findings in the literature. Keywords: Loneliness, Depression, Social Support, Covid-19

An interesting association between sociocognitive understanding and depression has been documented in clinical populations, with high levels of depression apparently related to theory-of-mind deficits. Yet no research has so far investigated this relationship among typically developing preadolescents. Therefore, the authors&#39; main aim was to extend previous findings to the general population and to a younger age group. A secondary aim was to explore the role of feelings of loneliness referring to the previous link. A sociocognitive understanding task followed by self-report questionnaires on depressive symptoms and perceived loneliness were administered to a sample of 326 students attending primary and middle schools. Mediation analyses revealed that feelings of loneliness mediated the effect of sociocognitive understanding on depressive symptoms, but only among girls. In boys, depressive symptoms were directly linked to sociocognitive skills. In girls, on the contrary, the relat...

It is widely acknowledged that loneliness and depression are prevalent among university students and may contribute to poor academic achievements or higher probability of dropping out of university. However, the associations between these two phenomena are complex and not fully understood. In this paper we describe preliminary findings from a longitudinal study investigating the interrelationships between loneliness and depression in a representative sample of students of the University of Rzeszów (Poland). The obtained results confirm those from previous studies reporting a stronger and more stable effect of loneliness on depression than vice versa. A temporally stable influence of loneliness on depression suggests that interventions aiming to reduce the intensity of the feeling of loneliness should result in lowering the severity of depressive symptoms. University counselling services should offer interventions targeting loneliness among the students in order to help them to adapt to the challenges of the university education and protect them from developing depression.

The Introduction of the Internet appeared to have changed the process of communication from interpersonal to computer mediated communication. This study examined the Impact of Internet on face-to-face communication in Comprehensive Secondary School, College of Education Hong. The objectives include: to examine the relationship between Internet Use and Teenager&#39;s face-to &quot;“face communication, to find out whether internet usage is weakening their desire for face-to-face communication. The study found out that the use of internet have some impact on face-to &quot;“face communication between teenager&#39;s and their friends and also appears to weaken the ties that bind them with family and friends. The study concludes that Internet use by the teenagers has reduced the time they spend engaging in face-to-face communication with their friends and family memebers because of the time spent on the internet.

It is widely acknowledged that loneliness and depression are prevalent among university students and may contribute to poor academic achievements or higher probability of dropping out of university. However, the associations between these two phenomena are complex and not fully understood. In this paper we describe preliminary findings from a longitudinal study investigating the interrelationships between loneliness and depression in a representative sample of students of the University of Rzeszów (Poland). The obtained results confirm those from previous studies reporting a stronger and more stable effect of loneliness on depression than vice versa. A temporally stable influence of loneliness on depression suggests that interventions aiming to reduce the intensity of the feeling of loneliness should result in lowering the severity of depressive symptoms. University counselling services should offer interventions targeting loneliness among the students in order to help them to adapt...

Divorcees have different psychological impacts because of their different caste/ethnicity, gender and socio-cultural backgrounds. This study is about cultural psychological factors of divorce and its different psychological impacts on different cultural groups. This research is designed in the mixed method research to understand the "Mental Health Status of Divorcees from Different Cultural Backgrounds in Kathmandu". The total number of participants was 48 and was selected by the purposive sampling lead by snowball methods. The qualitative data is analyzed through narrative techniques. Among the total population, it is found that the psychological issues are significantly higher among females than males. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression is higher in less educated females in comparison to highly educated females. Similarly, it has been found that differences in cultural practices including language, food, festivals, and family role lead to divorce. Data show that one-third of the informants have a severe level of anxiety and depression respectively after they had divorced but nearly fifty per cent are in mild to moderate level of psychological issues including anxiety, stress and depression. Regarding their cultural issues, even normal behaviors act like cumulative frequency also gradually hampers their relationship. The research also shows that the higher the education of female, the higher the rate of divorce case and lower psychosocial impact.

Divorcees have different psychological impacts because of their different caste/ethnicity, gender and socio-cultural backgrounds. This study is about cultural psychological factors of divorce and its different psychological impacts on different cultural groups. This research is designed in the mixed method research to understand the "Mental Health Status of Divorcees from Different Cultural Backgrounds in Kathmandu". The total number of participants was 48 and was selected by the purposive sampling lead by snowball methods. The qualitative data is analyzed through narrative techniques. Among the total population, it is found that the psychological issues are significantly higher among females than males. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression is higher in less educated females in comparison to highly educated females. Similarly, it has been found that differences in cultural practices including language, food, festivals, and family role lead to divorce. Data show that one-third of the informants have a severe level of anxiety and depression respectively after they had divorced but nearly fifty per cent are in mild to moderate level of psychological issues including anxiety, stress and depression. Regarding their cultural issues, even normal behaviors act like cumulative frequency also gradually hampers their relationship. The research also shows that the higher the education of female, the higher the rate of divorce case and lower psychosocial impact.

Self-reported health is an easy measure of overall health and is useful in identifying persons at risk of a decline in health and the risk of disability in older adults. The purpose of this paper is to identify the correlates of self-reported health for older adults in Nepal. The ...

This study explores the predictive influence of student-teacher interaction, school environment, and parental
involvement on mathematics anxiety among deaf learners in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 249 deaf learners
answered a structured questionnaire. Findings revealed that student-teacher interaction and parental involvement have
a significant positive relationship with mathematics anxiety among deaf learners. The study also revealed that studentteacher
interaction is the most potent contributor to mathematics anxiety, followed by parental involvement and school
environment. Moreover, student-teacher interaction has a prominent role to play in mathematics anxiety among deaf
learners; therefore, modalities and appropriate instructional approaches that could enhance self-confidence and
stimulate interest toward mathematics are suggested.

Work intensity and organizational communication are the most important problems are made it by competitive environment in business sectors that have labor-intensive. Organizational communication, on the other hand, comes to the forefront in ensuring the harmony between the employees and being loud and clear of the hierarchical relationship between the superior and subordinate. In the research, it was aimed to examine the loneliness and organizational effectiveness of the employees who have work intensity, and if there is a change in loneliness and organizational effectiveness in case of organizational communication. Therefore, within the scope of the research, a questionnaire study was carried with 340 white-collar (engineer) employees in the textile companies. Analyzes were made using SPSS 25 and AMOS program. According to the results of the analysis, the workloads and organizational communication of the employees prevent the employees from feeling lonely. At the same time, work intensity and organizational communication positively affect to organizational effectiveness.

According to de Beauvoir, gender roles in society are in binary opposition: men are "the One", the absolute and essential, while the women are "the Other", the accidental and inferior. This concept of Otherness is clearly present in various elements of modern plays written by female playwrights in the twentieth century. This notion has been traced back in Susan Glaspell's Trifles through the play's setting and atmosphere, as well as the characters' understanding of "justice". For A Raisin in the Sun by the African American playwright Lorraine Hansberry, women experience the inferiority of being both women and black. Sarah Kane's Blasted, being an example of In-Yer-Face theatre, depicts the emotional and physical abuse of women in (post-) war societies through its harsh and brutal visualization of different forms of violence. By comparing these three different plays, it appears that there is a tendency emerging towards universalism, the "Other" is the experience of all women, at all times which is evident as the selected plays belong to different cultures across the twentieth century.

A key feature of depression is the internal monologue going on inside the depressed person´s head. When people are depressed, they spend a lot of time and energy on a daily basis telling themselves how crap their lives are, how much everything sucks and how much they hate it.

Trifles Play Analysis
Karen Alkalay-Gut′s essay ″Murder and Marriage: Another Look at Trifles”, analyzes the conditions which might have forced women to unite in the face of an unfortunate occurrence. The essay states how one woman, Margaret Hossack, killed her husband while he was asleep. It is stated that Hossack used an ax to brutally murder her husband yet women who barely knew Margaret agreed to be accessories to the murder. In the essay, Karen seems to be appalled at the fact that even the Sheriffs wife had agreed to be an accessory to the murder. Throughout the essay, she analyzes various factors which might have led to the unification of the women. She explores the bond which women seem to have and also discusses the shortcomings of the menfolk. From the essay, it is evident that the women were living in a highly oppressive society. Their rights were trampled upon which is why they were able to empathize with Margaret. Karen makes several references to the justice system and the law. It is evident that the judicial system favored men. The women, therefore, viewed Margaret’s decisions to kill her husband as a necessary crime. Karen also points out the various reasons which might have led to the crime. The rot in the judicial system was a reflection of the injustices in society. I believe the unity and bond shown by the women was necessitated by the social injustices against women.

This study investigated the relationship between social media and loneliness among students with hearing impairment in Ibadan, Oyo State. The study adopted the survey research design while the purposive sampling technique was employed to select students with hearing impairment from four integrated secondary schools in Ibadan, Oyo State. A simple random sampling technique was also used to select 126 students with hearing impairment in Ibadan. 4 research questions were raised and data were collected through a structured questionnaire tagged " Social Media and Loneliness Scale " with a reliability coefficient of α = 0.74. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Findings revealed that students with hearing impairment uses social media in order to access information, sustain relationships and because of its affordability while the use of social media has a negative insignificant relationship with loneliness (r =-0.150, P<0.05) among students with hearing impairment. The study concluded that social media usage influence the psychosocial well-being, access to information, relationship sustenance among students with hearing loss. It is therefore recommended that students with hearing impairment should be actively involved in activities with their hearing peers so as to eliminate issues of social isolation and facilitate social inclusion.

Susan Glaspell's Trifles (1916) depicted the isolation of Minnie Foster that led her to murder, John Wright, her husband. The isolation itself was represented in the play using three central metaphors (symbols): bird cage, location of Wrights' house, and canary.

This essay uses theories of narrative to examine how Susan Glaspell's Trifles and Sharon Pollock's Blood Relations reflect and resist the ability of narratives to construct identities, create moral meanings, and impose truths. It also explores the dramatisation of experiential knowledge as a means of building communities. Blood Relations' meta-theatrical self-consciousness, resistance to moral meaning through a refusal of narrative closure, and ambivalence towards the representative nature of personal experiences, in contrast to Trifles' naturalism, narrative conclusion, and confidence in the assumption of shared women's experiences reflect changes in feminisms, theoretical understandings of experiential knowledge, and strategies for the stage representation of women. L'essai fait appel aux théories de la narration pour examiner comment Trifles (Susan Glaspell) et Blood Relations (Sharon Pollock) correspondent aux capacités de la narration et y résistent à la fois en vue de construire des identités, créer des sens moraux et imposer des vérités. Il examine également la dramatisation de la connaissance expérientielle comme moyen de construction des communautés. La conscience de soi méta théâtrale faisant partie de Blood Relations, la résistance à la signification morale par le refus d'une fermeture sur le plan narratif et l'ambivalence à l'égard de l'aspect représentatif des expériences personnelles contrastent avec le naturalisme que propose Trifles, sa conclusion narrative et la confiance en la supposition voulant que les expériences partagées par les femmes correspondent aux changements du féminisme, aux compréhensions théoriques de la connaissance expérientielle et aux stratégies de représentation sur scène de la femme.

This project is being conducted as part of my postgraduate studies at QUT International College. Purpose: For helping the international students dealing with their loneliness. Amount of time required to complete questionnaire: This questionnaire will only take 3 to 5 minutes to complete. Expected outcomes: 1. Know the challenge and difficult that international students adapt themselves to the life in Brisbane and communication with local students. 2. Through what method can help them? Benefits: They can know more about their difficulties of communication in study and daily life in Brisbane

This report investigates that how QUTIC could increase students’ engagement with local students to help them to deal with loneliness. This issue is of concern to Mr Kenneth Beutel Director, QUT International College, as Queensland University of Technology wishes to encounter loneliness difficulties among international students with the assist of local students. This research is based on a paper based questionnaire of 12 questions about loneliness and local students support using targeted sampling to 20 QUTIC students 10th of April 2017. The main findings of the report show that language barrier and cultural differences are the main factors caused to loneliness. Also, QUTIC students wish to work with local students to increase some advantages such as language proficiency. The main recommendations of this report are develop mentor activities and self-assurance program.

Ironically, the narcissistically crippled person who seeks and craves to be found beautiful and adored is also (unconsciously) rejecting those who who would offer love. (For example, Narcissus rejecting Echo.)
Some detailed discussion and explication of the Aesthetic conflict is offered to help account for such a tragic paradox and frustration in the "love-life" of the narcissistic personality.