Leisure (Social Sciences)

The Introduction to this book, a collection of peer reviewed chapters by 56 researchers across Europe.  This Introduction provides an overview of the book and a definition of the New Equine Economy in the 21st Century.
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Recreation professionals continually strive to serve a host of diverse program con-stituents, while leisure researchers attempt to uncover barriers to leisure participation. Much of the barriers or constraints research has come from the perspective of program participants. This study identified, from the perspectives and experiences of 18 recre-ation professionals, the issues and barriers that they perceive inhibit recreation program access and availability to diverse constituents, particularly ethnic minority populations. Co-cultural theory, which integrates the concepts of muted group theory and standpoint theory, was utilized as the study’s theoretical framework. In-depth interviews were uti-lized. Five primary barriers were identified that related to the changing faces of the community, the changing faces of management and staff, deferred program responsibil-ity, language barriers, and negative attitudes and stereotypes held by some management and staff. This article demonstrate...

„Müßiggang“ meint eine spezifische, individuelle oder kollektive Praxis im Umgang mit Zeit und Tätigkeit und erscheint in der Regel als Vermeidung von Aktivität, Pflicht und Arbeit. Dieses Begriffsverständnis und die vorwiegend negative Konnotation des Müßiggangs sind historisch bedingt und in gesellschaftlicher und ideologischer Hinsicht nicht unumstritten; gehören doch die unterschiedlichen Versuche, den Müßiggang zu definieren und von komplementären Begriffen und Phänomenen (insbesondere Muße, Untätigkeit, Faulheit) abzugrenzen, zu seiner Begriffs- und Bedeutungsgeschichte, die im Folgenden nur skizziert werden kann. Über das historische Interesse hinaus, führt diese Skizze auch ins Zentrum von bis heute anhaltenden Kontroversen um den Wert oder Unwert des Müßiggangs.

The collective experience of social distancing will undoubtedly have implications for our social, cultural, and political practices. In this critical commentary, I consider the implications of these experiences by focusing on rural-urban relationships in Canada. Drawing from accounts published in online newspapers, I reflect on how social distancing highlights the interdependencies of urban and rural Canada and the role of space and leisure in shaping our broader social and political discourse. Reflecting on issues related to class, space, mobility, and freedom of choice, I suggest that rural-urban interdependencies is a productive framework for considering these relationships and how we might rethink them moving forward. In conclusion, I offer hopeful speculations on how social distancing may indeed bring us closer together.

Bringing to light the divide in access to digital leisure challenges the sacred tenet on which the global digital project has been built upon over decades-the belief that a good digital life for the poor would be based in work and inherently utilitarian.

Le loisir, sans qu'il ne soit jamais cité, est au coeur des modèles de sociétés qu'on nous propose. Travailler plus pour gagner plus, liberté d'entreprendre, réduction du temps de travail comme réponse au chômage, instauration d'un revenu universel sont autant de visions qui interrogent la place du loisir dans nos vies et le droit au délassement, au divertissement.
Texte visionnaire publié en 1962 et jamais réédité depuis, "Vers une civilisation du loisir ?" est d'une actualité bouillonnante. Il apporte des éléments de réflexion à un grand nombre de questions qui nous animent aujourd'hui. Son auteur, Joffre Dumazedier, a été un militant de l'éducation populaire, un penseur singulier, un homme d'action (il fut résistant) et de réflexion qui n'aura eu de cesse d'œuvrer pour un droit au loisir toujours plus grand, car il croyait aux vertus du temps libre et à ce qu'il permet : se rencontrer, échanger, collaborer. Finalement : se cultiver et devenir meilleurs.
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De acordo com a edição oficial publicada pela © Libreria Editrice Vaticana CÓDIGO DE DIREITO CANÔNICO 3 CONSTITUIÇÃO APOSTÓLICA DE PROMULGAÇÃO DO CÓDIGO DE DIREITO CANÔNICO CÓDIGO DE DIREITO CANÔNICO 4 AOS VENERÁVEIS IRMÃOS CARDEAIS, ARCEBISPOS, BISPOS, PRESBÍTEROS, DIÁCONOS E DEMAIS MEMBROS DO POVO DE DEUS, JOÃO PAULO BISPO SERVO DOS SERVOS DE DEUS, PARA PERPÉTUA MEMÓRIA No decorrer dos tempos, a Igreja Católica costumou reformar e renovar as leis da disciplina canônica, a fim de, na fidelidade constante a seu Divino Fundador, adaptá-las à missão salvífica que lhe é confiada. Movido por esse mesmo propósito e realizando finalmente a expectativa de todo o mundo católico, determinamos, neste dia 25 de janeiro de 1983, a publicação do Código de Direito Canônico já revisto. Ao fazê-lo, volta-se o nosso pensamento para o mesmo dia do ano de 1959, quando o nosso Predecessor João XXIII, de feliz memória, anunciou pela primeira vez ter decidido reformar o Corpus vigente das leis canônicas, promulgado em 1917, na solenidade de Pentecostes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Leisure Boredom Scale for adults in Turkey. The second purpose was to investigate the differences based on demographic variables (gender, marital status, working sector) regarding leisure boredom. In total 312 employees from public and private sectors (167 female, 145 male) residing in Ankara participated in this study. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted to test the structural validity of the scale. EFA demonstrated that this scale yielded two subscales in the Turkish version. The first factor was named "boredom" and the second factor was named "satisfaction" by the participating researchers after reviewing the related literature and examining the factor structure of the scale. The scale consists of 10 items; the item factor loadings for the overall scale range between 0.38 and 0.83; and the Cronbach Alpha coefficient for the subscales was determined 0.72 for boredom and 0.77 for satisfaction in the final form of the scale. According to t-test results regarding the demographic variables, there was statistically significant difference in gender only in the ‚satisfaction‛ subscale, and between women and men participants, with men participants having higher mean scores (p<.01). There was no significant difference in terms of marital status in total LBS and the subscales. Concerning the working sectors of the participants, the analysis showed significant differences in total LBS and the ‚boredom‛ subscale between public and private sector's participants, with public sector's participants having higher mean scores than the latter (p<.01). In conclusion, the results of the research demonstrated that the Turkish adaptation of ‚The Leisure Boredom Scale‛ can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool to examine and evaluate the leisure boredom levels of Turkish adults. Another conclusion of the study worth noting is that there were significant differences between the different components of gender and working sector variables in terms of leisure boredom levels.

RESUMO: Este trabalho quer discutir os limites e as possibilidades das proposições teóricas que apresentam o lazer enquanto um fenômeno moderno. Mais particularmente, o objetivo aqui é identificar as fontes intelectuais de tais teorias, as concepções majoritárias em que se registra o emprego dos conceitos de modernidade ou de sociedade moderna, bem como as suas respectivas implicações para os estudos do lazer, especialmente no âmbito de pesquisas históricas, mais especificamente. ABSTRACT: This work wants to argue the limits and the possibilities of the theoretical proposals that present the leisure while a modern phenomenon. More particularly, the objective is to identify the intellectual sources of such theories, the mains conceptions where if the job of the concepts of modernity or modern society registers there, as well as its respective implications for the studies of the leisure, especially in the scope of historical research, more specifically.

Increased interest in the sustainability of tourism development initiatives has triggered expanding concerns about the capability of both tourism destinations and protected areasto accommodate recreationaluse. In many cases,planners and scientists have turned to the concept of tourism or recreationcarrying capacity as a way of formulating problem definitions and management actions. The concept of a tourism or recreation carrying capacity evolved from a neo-Malthusian perspective of resource limitations. The concept also carries a number of assumptions that are unsupported in the real world and raises questions about the objectives of tourism and protected area management actions. The conditions needed to establish a carrying capacity are rarely achieved in the real world. There may be specific and limited situations where numerical capacities may be appropriate (parking lots, etc.) but these are often a function of investment. By changing the character of the question from 'How many is too many?' to 'What are the appropriate or acceptable conditions?', the issues giving rise to discussions about carrying capacity are addressed. A variety of planning frameworks, such as Visitor Experience and Resource Protection and Limits of Acceptable Change have been developed to address issues of visitor impact.

People travel by car for a wide variety of reasons. A large proportion of household travel is for non-commuting purposes, including social and recreational journeys. The emergence and (potential) diffusion of highly automated vehicles, also known as autonomous vehicles (AVs), could transform the way (some) people work and travel. Should they become mainstream, AVs could reshape patterns of leisure travel. To date, however, the impacts and implications of AVs beyond commuting trips have received minimal attention from transport scholarship. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of literatures on AVs. It follows PRISMA guidelines and synthesises 63 papers on AV travel focusing on non-commuting journeys, including travel for purposes of leisure, tourism, shopping and visiting friends and relatives. Given the economic importance of the tourism sector and its inherent focus on non-commuting journeys, this analysis is supplemented with a review of the extent to which national tourism strategies of countries leading AV deployment include reference to AVs. The paper reveals an overwhelming focus on commuting journeys in existing AV studies as less than one-fifth of the reviewed academic sources include non-commuting as part of their wider analysis. The review's further key findings are that the interest of publics in AVs for leisure journeys appears to exceed that for commuting, sharing vehicles will be less likely when AVs are used for leisure and there is an absence of recognition in the literature that certain non-commuting journeys will require a lower SAE level of automation. Surprisingly, analysis of the national tourism strategies of countries most prepared to meet the challenges of AVs shows that just three countries make specific reference to AVs within their national tourism strategies. The paper contributes to setting future AV policy agendas by concluding that two gaps must be narrowed: one, the distance between how academic studies predominantly conceive of AV use (commuting) and articulated public interest in AVs for non-commuting journeys; and two, the lack of readiness in certain national tourism strategies to accommodate AVs. As non-commuting journeys are likely to represent some of the earliest trip purposes for which AVs could be adopted, the paper points to the potential barriers to AV uptake by remaining focused on a limited set of trip purposes.

Η σύγχρονη δυτική κοινωνία χαρακτηρίζεται από τη μαζική κουλτούρα, η οποία επεκτείνεται σταδιακά σε όλα τα μέσα καλλιτεχνικής έκφρασης και προμηθεύει εικονικά ό,τι δεν μπορεί να καταναλωθεί σε πραγματικό και φυσικό χρόνο.

Σύμφωνα με τον κοινωνιολόγο Maffesoli, παρατηρείται μία σύγχρονη στροφή στην καθημερινότητα του ανθρώπου, η οποία εκλαμβάνεται ως μία πολιτιστική μεταστροφή που τον ωθεί στην ολοκλήρωσή του σε πολύ σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα. Ο ίδιος ο άνθρωπος, προκειμένου να ικανοποιήσει τη συγκεκριμένη «ανάγκη», καταφεύγει στην κατανάλωση που του προσφέρουν τα σχετικά τηλεοπτικά talent shows, όπου ο ηδονισμός ανάγεται σε κύριο άξονα οργάνωσης των κοινωνικών σχέσεων, που διέπονται από την ηθική της αισθητικής, τη διαφήμιση, τον ερωτισμό, ακόμα και από την ηδονή που προσφέρει το ίδιο το σώμα.

Στην παρούσα μελέτη, εξετάζουμε τη «στροφή» αυτή μέσω του εντοπισμού κάποιων χαρακτηριστικών περιπτώσεων αυτού του είδους των εκπομπών (X ‒ factor & The voice), όπου παρακολουθούμε καθημερινούς ήρωες να μετατρέπονται σταδιακά σε πρωταγωνιστές της καθημερινής μας ζωής λόγω της ενασχόλησής τους με κάποια μορφή τέχνης. Αυτή η μεταμόρφωση του εαυτού είναι, σύμφωνα με τον Maffesoli απόρροια της «σκιάς του Διόνυσου» και πρόκειται απλά για την επιστροφή στην ετερότητα, στην καθημερινότητα και στην ανομία.

Λέξεις κλειδιά: μαζική κουλτούρα, καθημερινότητα, τηλεόραση, ελεύθερος χρόνος, talent shows.

The past 40 years of leisure sciences affirms not only the urgency
of diversely informed investigations of leisure phenomena but also
the field’s commitment to forward contributions of social relevance,
methodological innovation, and insightful critique. This legacy owes
a considerable debt to qualitative researchers who reimagined the
paradigmatic purview andmethodological possibilities for leisure scholarship. At the threshold of the next 40 years, we leverage postqualitative inquiry to pry a modest space for continued intellectual and
methodological diversity. Specifically, we revisit Berbary and Boles’s
(2014) proposed scaffolding sous erasure (Derrida, 1974) for humanist,
qualitative research to explore points of departure for postqualitative
inquiry. We question the implications such a departure may hold
for “data,” “theory,” “analysis,” and “representation”within non-humanist
onto-epistemologies of post-qualitative research. Ultimately, we argue
for postqualitative research as a promising, humane, and hopeful trajectory
for our future, adding to our already rich legacy.

Despite the daily need for an estimation of welfare by policy makers and economists alike, it is still commonly assumed that income or GDP may be substituted in its place. There is a small segment of economists who have recognized the great fallacy in this belief, but as of yet nothing substantial has been produced to take its place. This paper theoretically examines the question of welfare and its relation to happiness. It proposes a theoretical function of indicators and categories of indicators which should be included in a measurement of welfare on a household level. These are based on human nature and on a more complete understanding of human happiness. This theory is adjusted for a national aggregate so that empirical testing may be done to substantiate the claim since Micro data is not readily unavailable. Upon analysis of national data it is found that most datasets fall into two statistical categories, but also that there are other significant determinants of happiness. This analysis begins with nine different variables attempting to explain happiness and ends up using the two most influential as representations for the rest. These variables are statistically significant and explain a significant portion of the variation in happiness. This paper lays the groundwork for future analysis and the potential to actually compile a comprehensive index of household welfare. Household Welfare: How to Measure and Index? Joshua Johanni ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Events are per definition limited in time and space. However, the social interaction taking place during events, can continue virtually. This can result in hybrid communities, existing of an offline and an online dimension (Sechi, Skilters, Borri & De Lucia, 2012). This paper explores the construction of hybrid event communities based on the following research questions: (1) What type of online practices can be identified before, during and after the event? (2) How do online and offline event practices and rituals influence each other? (3) How do combinations of online and offline practices contribute to the creation and maintenance of hybrid event communities? The practices of three events were studied using qualitative methods. 56 interviews were conducted and participant observation took place during 11 editions of the events. This was complemented with an online study. The findings identify different types of online practices around events such as connecting practices, recruiting practices and creative practices. Moreover, the combinations of practices lead to different types of event communities. The paper develops a framework of online/offline interaction processes that result in different types of event communities, contributing to our knowledge about the role that events can play in the contemporary network society (Castells, 2010).

Complete conference proceedings for the II Brazilian Congress of Leisure Studies that took place September 2016 in the city of Belém, Brazil.
Anais completos do II Congresso Brasileiro de Estudos do Lazer, realizado em setembro de 2016 na cidade de Belém-PA.

Complete Conference Proceedings of the VI Seminar on Leisure Studies / Anais completos do VI Seminário de Estudos do Lazer (Maringá-PR, Brazil, 2017).

P.15 - Abordagens Metodológicas para Análises da Fenomenologia - Cae Rodrigues.
P.17 - CONFERÊNCIA DE ABERTURA:Tendências do Lazer na Pós-Modernidade - Cae Rodrigues.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of active leisure participation on social adjustment of international students: an example of Celal Bayar Univeristy. Leisure benefits of international students are conceptualized by determining participants' conceptions and experiences of active participation in leisure time activities held within the university. The qualitative research method is used in this study since it enables the researcher to reflect the participants' conceptions, point of views, experiences end expectations with respect to the study. The participants of this study is composed of 23 full time international students coming from 10 different countries to make a degree study at CBU and who participated actively in leisure time activities in 2014-2015 education period. The leisure activities have been organized in cooperation with the academicians and students of the School of Physical Education and Sport with the rectorate international office at CBU. The researcher has participated in these activities for monitoring and has made interviews with the international students at the end of each activity. The results and data of the interviews with students are conceptualized with the " acculturation theory " , single subject case study method is used for data collection and convenience sampling is used as exampling method Obtained data were changed into prose in computer environment. Then, data were analysed through " Nvivo 11 Pro for Windows " programme. Also, themes of encoded data, matching with each other, were grouped by 2 professionalists. Codes, in which agreement and difference of opinion, are calculated according to Cohenkappa formula. Coherence among encoders are found K= 0.81 as result of reliability calculation. Thus, calculated values show that there is coherence among raters at good level. After the analysis of the data obtained from the personal information forms, demographic findings about the participants have been reached and presented in graphics. The leisure benefits of the students who actively participated in the leisure time activities have

This monographic is about Leisure in XIXth and XXth Century Spain and Vasc Country. Was coordinated by Joseba Aguirreazcuenaga. It includes many empirical works, so needed in sociability area. Maria Zozaya gives a general perspective comparing Spanish and Portuguese new forms of leisure (1789-1929). The other articles are perspectives on Bilbao Leisure (1800-1980) Nere Jone speaks about the parties with the enclosure of vasc convents; Isabel Prado about the romerias and popular parties; Iñaki irigoyen about the drummers in XIXth Cent; Eva Diez about the celebrations for Antonio Trueba; Jon Penche speaks about republican parties; Txomin Ansola about the Kinematografo... and many others.
Suggested quotation: Monográfico de "Sociabilidad Festiva", conferencia inaugural que después encabezó el monográfico sobre sociabilidad de la Revista Bidebarrieta 24 (2014)

""Leisure studies have a long history of associating leisure practices and the meanings of leisure with notions of personal growth and self-development. This association is bound up with questions of personal identity and relies on the possibility that we have a stable personal self that we can develop. The prospect of a stable personal self is a distinguishing feature of modernity, and there is now substantial literature from a postmodern perspective suggesting that identities are instead fragmented and transitory. This raises a fundamental tension. If identities are transitory, how can we develop them? And what are the repercussions of this for personal growth through leisure practices? These questions have important implications for the meanings of leisure.

In this chapter I attempt to unpack some of these issues. I begin by discussing personal identities in the context of modernity, drawing out how the challenge of developing a coherent sense of personal identity became a defining feature of the late modern period in the Western world. The discussion leads us to how leisure is implicated in modern developmental approaches to self, particularly through concepts such as ‘serious leisure’ (Stebbins 1982) and ‘flow experience’ (Csikszentmihalyi 1990). My focus then turns to a divergent postmodern perspective that argues that there is no core self and we instead exist in a world characterized by increasingly fragmented identities. A postmodern perspective argues that the concept of a stable personal identity that we might develop has been a historical social construction. Such a view has little time for notions of personal growth through leisure.

I then turn to how the social sciences have begun to see a middle ground between postmodern ‘discourse determinism’ (Wearing & Wearing 2001) on the one hand and an essentialized notion of self on the other. Such a view allows for a re-examination of how we might attempt building a reflective sense of personal identity out of embodied everyday practice. The chapter concludes by reflecting on how positive experiences of leisure, rather than necessarily being viewed as disparate or episodic, may instead constitute a lifestyle in which the accumulation of personally enriching leisure practices engenders perceptions of self-development and growth. It is through this perspective that there may be some reconciliation of modern and postmodern stances on personal identity and scope for assigning value to the importance of subjective lived experience.""

This essay, or rather collection of essays, draws together three distinct streams of thought, time and space into a single river of understanding concerning labor, leisure, human-nature relations, city and town planning and human evolution at both the individual and collective levels. From Daoist tales of effortless leisure under 'useless trees' to Pieper's eulogy of leisure in the Modernist world(view) of total work and onto the planning theory and practice of Sir. Patrick Geddes, this ambling and nomadic stream seeks to problematize hegemonic contemporary conceptions of evolution, order, labor, leisure, nature and human-nature relations and to plant the seeds of a new principle, a new mythos, to which human evolution and being can be oriented in ashes of the charred edifice of Modernity. Can we transcend the materially rationalist, labor centric conceptions of humanity that reign in contemporary hegemonic culture for a more holistic perspective in which the infinite and finite aspects of human being can co-exist without either one interfering with the other? Can human-nature relations, especially as cultivated through city and town planning, transcend the present order of hierarchical domination, objectification and callous consumption of nature for an order of relations in which nature acts upon us as a teacher and we consume nature in harmony with its own natural order rather than through creation of an artificial order?

Resumen El reino de la libertad en la tradición materialista pasa por la liberación del trabajo a través de la reapropiación de las condiciones de existencia y, principalmente, de la tecnología como medio de proporcionar un ocio que nada tenga ya que ver con la pereza y el abandono y mucho con la actividad en libertad. Pues ya que el capitalismo se fundamenta en la negación del ocio resulta necesaria su consecución ahora que vivimos en una sociedad en la que nunca había habido tantas posibilidades de liberación del trabajo y, a la vez, nunca se había trabajado tanto.
Abstract The realm of freedom in materialist tradition depends on the liberation of work through the reappropriation of the means and conditions of life. The appropriation of technology is especially important. Indeed, it is a means to provide a leisure that has nothing to do with laziness and indulgence and has much to do with activity in freedom. Since capitalism is based on the denial of leisure, it is all the more necessary to obtain leisure now that we live in a society where there never had been so many chances of liberation from work and, at the same time, people never had worked so much.

Happiness is central to our lives as individuals and as social beings; we want to be happy, and we want those around us to be happy too. But where does happiness come from? What makes us happy, and perhaps more importantly, how can we become happier?  The role of this introductory paper is draw on some of the academic research relating to leisure and happiness, and consider how some scholars have attempted to answer these questions.

Rekreasyon alanları, modern teknolojinin gelişmesine ve kentleşmeye bağlı olarak son yıllarda adından sıklıkla söz ettirir hale gelmiştir. İnsanoğlunun doğal hareketlerinde meydana gelen azalmalar, yoğun çalışma saatleri ve bunların beraberinde getirdiği sağlık sorunları, rekreasyon alanlarının her geçen gün önem kazanmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada belediyeler tarafından yaptırılan rekreasyon alanı tercihinde etkili olan ve rekreasyon alanlarına katılımı engelleyen faktörlere ilişkin likert tipi geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Ölçek Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) için 320, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) için 260 olmak üzere toplam 580 [18-55 yaş ( =28.34, ss=9.90), %55.7 (323)’si kadın] bireye uygulanmıştır. Yapılan AFA neticesinde her iki ölçeğin de 5 boyut altında toplandığı ve toplam varyans açıklama oranının rekreasyon alanı tercih etkenlerinde % 56.35, rekreasyon alanı katılım engellerinde ise %71.23 olduğu saptanmıştır. Ölçeklere ilişkin AFA  sonrası yapılan DFA için uyum iyiliği değerlerinin yeterli olduğunu, dolayısıyla modelin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir model olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Boyutlar arası korelasyon Spearman-Brown korelasyon katsayısı ile hesaplanmıştır. Her ne kadar boyutlar arasında anlamlı korelasyonlar olsa da değer olarak düşük ve orta düzeyde oldukları görülmektedir. Korelasyon değerleri AFA ve DFA’da ortaya çıkan alt boyutların ayrı birer yapı oluşturduğu sonucunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen korelasyon değerleri her iki ölçeğin yapı geçerliğinin yeterli düzeyde olduğu şeklinde yorumlanabilir.

The aim of this study was to reveal the factors that constraints and facilitators health and fitness club members in Ankara to attend the leisure activities. The population for the research consists of large-scale health and fitness club members in Ankara. Research samples include 389 participants of 190 (Mage= 31.26; SD= 8.86) women and 199 (Mage= 31.31, SD= 9.06) men selected with convenience sampling method from four large-scale health and fitness club members in Ankara. Leisure Constraint Questionnaire was used in the study to determine the participants’ constraints and Leisure Facilitators Scale to determine the facilitators they face while attending leisure activities. It was determined that though the health and fitness club users have constraints on leisure activity attendance, they use the facilitators to a considerable extent. While the most significant facilitators that enable the participants to attend the leisure activities were the intrapersonal facilitators, the least significant ones were interpersonal facilitators. When the constraints were analysed, the participants were seen to face these, the most on facility level and the least on lack of interest level. It was concluded that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the participants’ leisure constraints and facilitators, and also between the sub dimensions of the scales. This matter shows that the participants face constraints during leisure attendance but still attend or continue using the facilitators.

""Leisure is an often overlooked dimension of migrants’ experience. The article is aimed at drawing policy-makers’ and other stakeholders’ attention to leisure as an important dimension of the migration experience, characterized by certain regularities. It is an
overview of migrants’ leisure choices and the influence of these on migrants’ adaptation to receiving societies and their chances on job markets, as well as their general wellbeing.
""

Individuals are at risk when they use the Internet. Video gamers playing online games are at risk when they play too much. What is too much? The amount of time is often used for assessing the border between a safe and a potentially dangerous gaming practice. Quantitative research on addiction to video games uses the amount of time played as a strong indicator to foresee problematic behavior. Easy to measure and easy to ask, the amount of time played appears to be the perfect indicator for any potentially harmful practice. Gamers are even classified according to playing time. The scholarship strongly indicates a link between time played and prevalence of problems. However, the massive number of video gamers in today's world does not coincide with a huge threat of gaming addiction. Why not? Among intense gamers, most drastically reduce the time played or even suddenly stop. Although time played is an indicator for problematic play, why do some gamers play intensely without encountering any issues? This chapter argues that intense gaming does not encroach upon gamers' lives because gamers prioritize their activity according to their available time, their social life and their commitments. To better understand this moment of rupture in intense playing 20 in-depth interviews were carried out with intense and former intense players of Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG). Results showed that intense players handle their activity because video gaming is a passion resulting from a history of play. Then, the integration of their gaming into their lives is related to the overall amount of free time, not just the time played. Last, gamers strongly advocate for their autonomy to make choices and to commit to their engagements. Video gaming is a passion that is lived with ups and downs, that is as necessary as the air we breathe and that makes the players' heart beat.

Published as part of "Istanbul's Cultural Inventory Project," book series which was commissioned and funded by the Turkish Ministry of Culture, Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture Agency and French Institute of Anatolian Studies (IFEA, Istanbul), this edited volume brings together 20 original academic articles chapters ranging from those analyzing the history of entertainment and leisure in Istanbul in terms of continuties and break among the Byzantine, Ottoman and Republican forms, Ottoman gender-crossing dancers' and Roma musicians' important contributions, Republican entertainment and the elite forms since 1980s, dance initiatives, entertainment establishments such as "gazinos," Rock, Jazz, and "Ballad" Bars (Türkü Bar) and Electronic Dance Clubs, as well as some select neighborhoods (Cihangir,  Asmalımescit and Galata). Other articles deal with particular groups of consumers ("White Turks", Islamic conservatives and others) as well as the music media, festivals and the construction of Istanbul as a neo-liberal and "cool" global city.
Chapters by:
Volkan Aytar, Kübra Parmaksızoğlu, Ş. Şehvar Beşiroğlu, Murat Meriç, Münir N. Beken, Zeynep Günsur Yüceil, Orhan Tekelioğlu, Merve Erol, Özgür Akgül, Nihal Bengisu Karaca, Nuray Mert, Haydar Ergülen, Ayça İnce, Ahmet Uhri, Ceren Mert, Eray Aytimur and Derya Özkan
(in Turkish, currently in the market for English-language translation)