Internet Safety

Utkastet til et kurs (på norsk) som jeg begynte å utvikle i 2011 med noen generelle retningslinjer for å hjelpe foreldre til å hindre internettrelaterte farer som berører deres barn. Så snart jeg kan, vil jeg laste opp den engelske versjonen.

Today almost half of the global population is online and an estimated 3.2 billion people stay connected. How many of them will fall victim to cybercrimes and cyberbullying? How many will suffer from Internet Addiction and cyberrelated disorders? How many will be cheated by other online users? How many will be haunted by their own past mistakes which have suddenly been posted online? On the Internet every information may become a permanent record, following the users who were not aware of the consequences of their ‘click’ when they shared a photo, posted a text, or filled a form, not knowing who was on the other end. A friend of a cyber-friend may turn into a cyberbully, online love affairs may end in cyberstalking, sharing too much information may lead to cybercrimes. Internet frauds and identity thefts. Hackers, Cyberbullies, Online Predators, Catfish, and Trolls – they live offline and thrive online. As in fairy tales of yore, World Wide Web is a virtual space where good meets evi...

Internet has become a big part of our lives. It provides a lot of opportunities, at the same time exposing its users, and children in particular, to new risks. Rapid technological development, together with growing accessibility to the Internet, requires regulatory and preventive actions to be taken in order to deal with those risks adequately. Scholars debate on the account of who has the authority and competence to take up on these actions. Among professionals of the Internet governance it is acknowledged that, because of the nature of the Internet, it cannot be regulated by only one body, but for achieving most effective results, its governance should involve multiple actors who have a stake in these matters. Furthermore, technological development brings along certain conceptual changes, such as different vision of the risk itself. Hence, addressing the issue demands new forms of governance where the state might not have the traditional leading role.

This thesis gives an overview of Finnish actors and practices in the field of online safety for children. It also provides an analysis of discourse among Finnish experts around the topic of children’s online safety, with the focus on cooperation between various actors. Experts from five organizations are interviewed for the purposes of this research: National Audiovisual Institute, Mannerheim League of Child Welfare, Save the Children Finland, Microsoft, and EU Kids Online Finland. They represent different groups of stakeholders and work with online safety from different perspectives. Semi-structured interview is used as research method for collecting data, and discourse analysis in combination with multi-stakeholder approach are applied to analyze the data.

One of the very important findings of this research is the difference in how online safety is viewed by Finnish actors in contrast to the general discourse around the topic. This research has also identified the most common ways of cooperation between Finnish stakeholders: discussion, joint actions and funding. Contributions of civil society (as individual impact) and international organizations were also underlined as important components among the ways of cooperation. Among other actors, this research was primarily interested in the role of the state. Based on the findings of this research it is possible to conclude that Finnish state is in a rather pro-active role in the matters of education in general and online safety in particular. Finnish practices often present interesting cases which deserve to be spread and applied in other countries worldwide.

Keywords: Internet safety, online risks, Internet governance, multi-stakeholder approach, discourse analysis, Finland, media education, policy making

Reintroducing the Cyborg Concept to Explain Internet-Related Safety Issues Tommaso Bertolotti ([email protected]) Department of Humanities, Philosophy Section University of Pavia, ITALY Lorenzo Magnani ([email protected]) Department of Humanities, Philosophy Section University of Pavia, ITALY Abstract we will later return on its recent use, it is worth sparing a few words on the Haraway’s contentions. As presented by Haraway herself, the theory is deeply embedded in Feminist arguments. Nevertheless some of her takes may be discussed and accepted regardless of one’s sharing the ideology they are meant to support. Haraway inserted in her definition of cyborg a trait that was seminal (or concerning an elite) at the time of her writing, but that is fully developed now: the strict dependance of our cyborgean nature on social cognition. This paper advocates a re-introduction of the notion of cyborg in order to acquire a new perspective on studies concerning the development of human cogn...

In this paper I explore the current state of internet safety with regard to teacher education, curriculum, and educator, parental and student perceptions. I discuss internet security and ethics in an educational and social networking context. Consideration is given to the impact of social technologies on adolescents, the reality of threats, the roles of educators, parents and peers in policing and influencing behaviors, and the impact of technology policies. The conclusion is drawn that as policy and educational methods change slowly, research shows that parents and educators can most immediately and effectively affect online adolescent behaviors.

This Digital Childhood paper considers how growing up in the digital environment directly impacts on a child’s development trajectory. It concludes that a managed route from infancy to adulthood is as important in the digital environment as it is in the analogue world. The digital environment was conceived as an environment for adult users. Not even its inventors thought it might one day be a place where childhood would be spent. Nor did they make any design concessions for child users. On the contrary, the utopian vision was that all users would be equal. And if all users are equal, then a child user is treated as if they were an adult. This urgently needed report describes the narrative of children and the digital environment. It defines their needs as a series of opportunities and requirements that align with their age and meet their development goals, rather than the current emphasis on a narrow set of adult-identified harms. For many readers this will be the first time that they have considered how the design and purposes of the digital world impacts on children and young people’s ability to meet their childhood development milestones. The report takes each age group in turn, sets out what we know about child development, the major digital interactions of children at that age, and then considers the risks and opportunities. Where there is existing evidence, it is cited and where the authors have extrapolated from their professional practice, it is indicated. In order to gather the range of expertise necessary it was imperative to consult across a large number of professional disciplines. The conclusion across all disciplines was unanimous. We need to recalibrate how we treat children in the digital environment.

The internet has come along with a myriad of positive and negative challenges. One of the positive developments is the increased access for all age categories, especially people of young ages; however, it is not without a side effect. A cyberbullying threat has become interesting areas of research over the years because of the importance of the concepts toward understanding children's online behaviours and making the internet safe again for the kids to surf. Thus, this article seeks to provide a further understanding of the phenomenon by reporting the findings of a study performed in Selangor, a state of Malaysia. A questionnaire was administered to 375 respondents selected using stratified random sampling from a population of 6,671 primary and secondary school pupils aged 9 to 16 years. The key findings revealed that most children had been involved in the act of cyberbullying. Interestingly, most of them were aware of online threats but did not know that it was bad behaviour. However, most of them were rarely involved in a sex-related cyberbullying incident. A collective approach to guarantee the internet

In this paper I explore the current state of internet safety with regard to teacher education, curriculum, and educator, parental and student perceptions. I discuss internet security and ethics in an educational and social networking context. Consideration is given to the impact of social technologies on adolescents, the reality of threats, the roles of educators, parents and peers in policing and influencing behaviors, and the impact of technology policies. The conclusion is drawn that as policy and educational methods change slowly, research shows that parents and educators can most immediately and effectively affect online adolescent behaviors.

Technological devices and the internet have become standard tools used by young people in their social, recreational and educational contexts. The utility of digital technology continues to expand and influence the ways young people socialize, learn about the world and develop and experiment with identity. The ability to remain in one’s own home while also connecting with others can be perceived as safer than venturing out in the offline world; however, there are a variety of risks associated with online activities. Some youth may be more at risk of harm than others, such as youth with neurodevelopmental disorders including learning disabilities (LDs), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). There is an instinct for adults to be protective of children who struggle with disabilities, leading some parents to take an overprotective approach to their child’s internet use. Parents can play a significant role in helping their children navigate the pitfalls associated with online use while enjoying the benefits it provides. In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of young people with neurodevelopmental disorders that may cause difficulties online and review the opportunities and risks associated with internet use. We then discuss ways for parents to provide effective and balanced guidance on internet use for their child by reviewing the literature and offering concepts on digital literacies. The paper ends with a proposed intergenerational, parent–child group intervention that aims to help parents safeguard young people from online harms and offers opportunities for healthy online participation.

Książka stanowi pogłębioną naukową monografię problemu agresji realizowanej przez młodzież za pomocą nowych mediów (internetu i telefonów komórkowych). Zawiera wprowadzenie teoretyczne dotyczące nowych mediów, funkcjonowania młodych ludzi w ich świecie oraz aspektów związanych z tzw. komunikacją zapośredniczoną i wpływu nowych mediów na dzieci i młodzież. Czytelnik dowie się z książki nie tylko o rozpowszechnieniu zjawiska, ale także o jego uwarunkowaniach i konsekwencjach. Autor monografii przedstawił szerokie omówienie problematyki bullyingu, cyberbullyingu wraz z charakterystyką roli sprawcy i ofiary, typologii zjawisk i ich współwystępowania. Część badawcza opiera się o trzy duże projekty badawcze – reprezentatywne badania polskich gimnazjalistów, badania nauczycieli oraz studentów, w których zostały wykorzystane metody badawcze zarówno o charakterze jakościowym (wywiady, wywiady online, grupy fokusowe), jak i ilościowym (badania kwestionariuszowe). Książkę kończą wnioski dotyczące wychowania młodych ludzi w świecie nowych mediów, w szczególności w obszarze profilaktyki i interwencji związanej z agresją elektroniczną.

Today almost half of the global population is online and an estimated 3.2 billion people stay connected. How many of them will fall victim to cybercrimes and cyberbullying? How many will suffer from Internet Addiction and cyber-related disorders? How many will be cheated by other online users? How many will be haunted by their own past mistakes which have suddenly been posted online? On the Internet every information may become a permanent record, following the users who were not aware of the consequences of their ‘click’ when they shared a photo, posted a text, or filled a form, not knowing who was on the other end. A friend of a cyber-friend may turn into a cyberbully, online love affairs may end in cyberstalking, sharing too much information may lead to cybercrimes, Internet frauds and identity thefts. Hackers, Cyberbullies, Online Predators, Catfish, and Trolls – they live offline and thrive online.

In the last decade, the media all over the world have covered the stories of teens who committed suicide or suffered severe harm following periods of online harassment. Cyberbullying statistics of 2014 are alarming. Only last year, 52 percent of young people reported being cyberbullied, 11 percent reported embarrassing or damaging photographs taken without their knowledge or consent. 55 percent of teenagers who use social media have witnessed bullying via that medium.  On the Internet every information may become a permanent record, following the users who were not aware of the consequences of their ‘click’ when they shared a photo or posted a text. The aim of the chapter is to demonstrate how academic research findings can have practical implications for prevention and intervention programs designed by marketing practitioners, foundations and organizations that aim to reduce online harassment, through various campaigns worldwide, which remain the focus of the study. The first part of the chapter offers (1) an overview of risky online behaviours related to bullying, the nature of (2) online tortures, (3) cyberbullies, (4) their victims and (5) limitless audience, with special emphasis on (6) the witness-bystander’s role in escalating or reducing the abuse, to demonstrate the recent (7) anti-cyberbullying campaigns, launched in Europe, North and South America, which aim to transform silent Bystanders into Cyber-Samaritans. Content analysis of anti-cyberbullying posters and commercials launched in the last decade, shows the shift of emphasis: from 1. bully-focused campaigns, through 2. victim-focused advertisements, to 3. bystander-focused efforts, aimed at developing dissenting communication models and encouraging bystander intervention. Given the growing number of cyberbullied, and inadvertent witnesses of online abuse and hate speech, every effort to make the Internet safer, or at least a less threatening space, is worth sharing.

Vastly growing online free-hospitality networks are a phenomenon of modern times. They have been already subject of social and peace studies, here explored from the perspective of information science.
The main focus in this research, author puts on the role of information in modern society, particularly on access to information and information management as prerequisites for participative and democratic society.
Both theoretically and empirically, author explores first the changes in society that were caused by popular usage of Internet, secondly introduces the phenomenon of free-hospitality as an example of modern social network, lastly explores in details functioning of these networks and throughout whole text the role of information in here.
keywords: CouchSurfing, hospitality club, free hospitality, sociology, tourism, internet, gift exchange, gift exchange trust, free, couch surfing, modern society, structure, free values, free culture, sociology, sociology of tourism, socjologia turystyki, wymiana darów, struktura społeczeństwa, warm showers, pasporta servo, servas, BeWelcome, home exchange, homeshare, hospex, hospitality exchange, open couchsurfing, opencouchsurfing, OLPC, L/GHEI, gościnność, intimate tourism ...

The internet has come along with a myriad of positive and negative challenges. One of the positive developments is the increased access for all age categories, especially people of young ages; however, it is not without a side effect. A cyberbullying threat has become interesting areas of research over the years because of the importance of the concepts toward understanding children’s online behaviours and making the internet safe again for the kids to surf. Thus, this article seeks to provide a further understanding of the phenomenon by reporting the findings of a study performed in Selangor, a state of Malaysia. A questionnaire was administered to 375 respondents selected using stratified random sampling from a population of 6,671 primary and secondary school pupils aged 9 to 16 years. The key findings revealed that most children had been involved in the act of cyberbullying. Interestingly, most of them were aware of online threats but did not know that it was bad behaviour. Howev...

**This is a working version of a paper subsequently revised and published in Journal of Cyber Policy 3(2) https://tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23738871.2018.1519030 **

Like all markets, online platforms need rules. Their rules are both explicit, in the form of community standards, moderator guidelines, terms of use, commercial contracts and policies, and implicit, in the code that shapes their interfaces and the algorithms that bring market participants together. When platforms govern the exchange of news, content and speech, their rules raise profound issues of human rights and public welfare. Online platforms are not publishers, but neither are they neutral conduits; their role in governing online content markets has inevitable ethical connotations.

This paper argues that making intermediaries liable for content they host is not an appropriate solution to the harms arising from the free flow of information online. Policymakers must use new techniques to evaluate and engage with intermediaries’ rule-making activities. Since the nature and effects of intermediaries’ rules are often hard to assess, policymakers increasingly seek their ‘procedural accountability’.

The world is currently ravaged by the novel coronavirus which has so far affected 82,410 persons in 50 countries with a death toll of 2,808 as at 27 th February 2020, and code-named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 th February 2020. Research findings indicate that due to the contagious nature of the virus, there is so much anxiety over its spread and mode of infection. As the world awaits a possible cure or a remedy to curb the spread of COVID-19, every online information that makes direct or indirect reference to the word "coronavirus" tends to attract fast attention of internet users. As a result, cybercriminals are exploiting the fear and uncertainty surrounding the coronavirus outbreak to distribute malicious software with the motive of stealing confidential data, disrupting digital operations and making illicit ransom money from an outbreak that has been declared a global health emergency by the WHO. Does the coronavirus outbreak have any significant impact on user privacy and computer security? This paper reviews the cybersecurity effects of the coronavirus panic on digital systems and the cyberspace. The paper makes recommendations for safer internet usage and privacy protection in the face of rising coronavirus-related online scams.

Previous studies have highlighted that the internet offers various online opportunities to users, for example, children, and that the internet possesses great potential to boost their education and provide health information. Scholars have emphasized the great utility of the internet in successfully raising awareness regarding children’s online safety issues and enhancing social relationships. However, despite the positive effects of the internet, it has negative effects as well. Nowadays, children and adolescents are increasingly using the internet at younger ages, through diverse platforms and devices, and there have been rising concerns about children’s safety online. The chapter investigated the level of cyberbullying among Malaysian children and discovered that the level of cyberbullying among Malaysian children is moderate. However, since the results of the study found a majority of the children surveyed had experienced cyberbullying at least once, there is a likelihood that cyberbullying could become a menace to the Malaysian child online.

This report presents initial findings for Ireland from the pan-European EU Kids Online survey – a large 25 country survey conducted by EU Kids Online and funded by the EC’s Safer Internet Programme. The questionnaire was designed by the EU Kids Online network, coordinated by the London School of Economics and Political Science. Fieldwork was conducted by Ipsos MORI. In what follows, Irish findings are compared with those from other countries, as reported in Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., and Ólafsson, K. (2010). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children. Initial findings. LSE, London: EU Kids Online. See www.eukidsonline.net.

This document, prepared for the Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General for the Province of British Columbia, suggests that a provincial strategy to combat online sexual exploitation of youth should be based on a human service approach, favour cooperation and coordination amongst industry, government, NGOs and the public and have a strong focus on education, awareness, research and training.

The main objective of this study is to justify the necessity of developing a conceptual framework on risk-taking behaviours of adolescents while using the Internet in Bangladesh. In all, 507 adolescents participated in a survey on risk-taking behaviours using the Internet. The risks were classified into three categories, namely, risk-taking behaviours in general, risk-taking behaviours due to curiosity and other types of risk-taking behaviours. The results demonstrated that adolescents who received parental guidance and supervision were less likely to take risks while using the Internet than the adolescents without parental support and supervision. Based on the findings of the study, it is argued that proactive roles played by parents, such as parental guidance on safe use of Internet, monitoring, education about safe Internet use, installation of filtering software etc., could reduce the risk-taking behaviours of the younger generation.

ÖZET:
Bu çalışmada çocukların İnternet kullanımına yönelik ebeveynlerinin arabuluculuğu ile karşılaştıkları İnternet risklerinin birlikte incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama araştırma modelinin benimsendiği çalışmada örneklem seçiminde tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda TUİK'in Bölge Birimleri sınıflamasına göre belirlenen 12 TRA bölgesinin her birinden nüfus yoğunluğunu temsil edecek oranda örneklem seçilerek 11-16 yaş aralığında 588 çocuk çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çocuklardan anket yoluyla toplanan veriler betimsel istatistik teknikleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, ebeveynlerin çocukları İnternet kullanırken yanında bulunma ve birlikte etkinlikler yapma gibi İnternet kullanımına yönelik aktif arabuluculukları, çocuklarının İnternet etkinliklerine izin verip vermeme gibi kısıtlayıcı arabuluculukları ve çocuklarının İnternet'te geçirdikleri zamanı sınırlayan, İnternet gezintilerini rapor eden veya filtreleyen yazılımlar kullanma gibi teknik arabuluculukları arttıkça çocukların İnternet'te risklerle karşılaşmalarının azaldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra ebeveynlerin çocuklarına İnternet'i güvenli kullanmaya yönelik öğütler verme, çevrim-içi insanlara nasıl davranacağına dair önerilerde bulunma gibi İnternet güvenliğine yönelik aktif arabuluculukları ile çocukların İnternet'te risklerle karşılaşmaları arasında herhangi bir bağlantı kurulamamıştır.


ABSTRACT:
This study aimed to examine both the risks faced by the children over the internet and the mediation of the parents. The stratified sampling method was used in the selection of sample in the study in which the screening research model was adopted from the quantitative research methods. In this context, 588 children between ages 11 and 16 have been included in the study, representing the population density of each of the 12 TRA regions determined according to the Regional Unit classification of the Turkish Statistics Institution. The data collected from the children through questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques. Obtained findings revealed that active mediation of Internet use, such as parental involvement and activities together with children using Internet, and restrictive mediations such allowing or disallowing internet use, and using software programs that report or filter Internet browsing, limiting the time that children spend on the Internet, ensured that the children are less exposed to risks over the Internet. In addition, no link has been found between active mediation of internet security (such as parental consultancy for safe internet use and suggestions on how to behave to other people online) and children's exposure to risks over the Internet.

Безперечно, сьогодні, в цифрову епоху, бути батьками складніше, ніж будь-коли раніше. Це пов’язано з тим, що ми, батьки, не маємо такого досвіду користування Інтернетом та цифровими пристроями, як наші діти. Пропонуємо декілька ідей, які допоможуть організувати безпечне використання Інтернету у Вашій родині.

-Describe how login identity and passwords can be improved to protect access to software and data.
-Describe two additional methods of controlling access to hardware, software and data.
-Describe what is meant by the term ‘virus’.
-Identify one way to protect data and software.
-Give two examples of  computer viruses.
-Describe the role anti-virus software plays in protecting digital devices.
-Explain why it is important to regularly update anti-virus software.
-Explain why it is important to back up data on a regular basis.

This paper advocates a re-introduction of the notion of cyborg in order to acquire a new perspective on studies concerning the development of human cognition in highly technological environments. In particular, we will show how the notion of cyborg properly engages cognitive issues that have a powerful resonance especially as far as social cognition is concerned, and may consequently provide a new tool for tackling the emergent safety issues concerning sociality mediated by the Internet, and the moral panic occasionally surrounding it.

"According to various sources, Estonian children are among the Top 5 in EU in both using new ICT solutions as well as experiencing the downsides (various online threats). Yet, the coordinated efforts in e-safety awareness rising are relatively recent, earlier activities were poorly coordinated, lacked continuity (due to project-based approach) and relied on mostly volunteers only. In the last few years, the Safer Internet in Estonia program has added the much-needed coordinating aspect.
Our goal is to define the topics that have and have not been covered by the program, identify the program's weaknesses and strengths, analyse its effect and recommend foci for next stages. We have analysed the content (study materials and an e-course) created by the project, experiences of the trainers and the course feedback. Based on these, we have formulated recommendations (from the viewpoints of the project, school management, parents and government) for an oncoming next stage"

Birçok ülkede, çocuklar için İnternet risklerini en aza indirmek ve aynı zamanda İnternet'in sunduğu fırsatları da en üst düzeye çıkarmak adına çalışmalar ve uygulamalar geliştirilmiştir. Türkiye'de de güvenli İnternet kullanımına yönelik birçok uygulama ve çalışma yapılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların istenilen sonuçları ortaya çıkarması için, yapılan çalışmaların birlikte ele alınarak değerlendirilmesi önemli görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de güvenli İnternet kullanımı konusunda gerçekleştirilen uygulamalar sınıflandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu sayede yapılan çalışmaların genel bir bakış açısı ile değerlendirilerek, benzer uygulamaların planlanması aşamasında önemli bir referans noktası oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Veri toplama sürecinde doküman incelemesi ve bireysel mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Türkiye'de güvenli ve bilinçli İnternet kullanımlarını sağlamak için yapılan çalışmalar bilinçlendirme seminerleri, etkinlikler, farkındalık ve tanıtım kampanyaları, basılı ve görsel materyaller, ihbar hattı, teknik ve yasal önlemlerdir. Yapılan çalışmaların genellikle tek bir kurum veya kuruluş bünyesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmalar ülke genelinden ziyade, belirli bir bölge veya pilot illerde uygulanmaktadır.

In many countries, studies and practices have been developed to minimize the Internet risks for children and at the same time maximize the opportunities presented by the Internet. In Turkey, many studies and practices have been done for safe internet use. It is important to evaluate the studies carried out together, in order to obtain the desired results from studies. In this context, the studies on safe Internet use in Turkey have been tried to be classified. Thus, it is aimed to establish an important point of reference in the planning of similar practices planned to be done with a general perspective of the studies carried out. Qualitative research methods were utilized in the study. During the data collection process, document review and individual interviews were conducted. At the end of the document review, awareness raising seminars, activities, awareness and promotion campaigns, printed and visual materials, notice lines, technical and legal measures are the practices made in order to ensure safe internet use of especially children and young people in Turkey. The studies carried out are usually performed within a single institution or organization. In addition, studies are carried out across the country in a number of specific regions or pilot provinces.

We are in a time when technology adoption by our youth is almost immediate. But student forays into the online world have not been without unfortunate drawbacks. Misinformation, crime, viruses, and stalkers are online too waiting for our innocent self-explorers. From news media coverage to school safety assemblies, the dominant perspective has been that of adults trying to keep children safe. But what of the voices of the youth? Aren’t they the digital generation?

The Voices of the Youth, Nā Leo o nā ‘Ōpio in Hawaiian, is one of the results of two years of formal research into the manner by which juveniles may become victims in online environments. It came out of a request to Hawai‘i students to provide short answers to the questions, “What issues do you think of when you consider Internet safety?” and “Do you have any concerns for your own Internet safety as youths?” Their short answers spurred us to seek full essays submitted in a competition about Internet safety. The Voices of the Youth comprises select essays from that competition. The topics addressed include cyber bullies, sexting, online predators, cyber stalkers, hate group recruiters, identity theft con artists, scam artists, spam, viruses, worm hackers, misinformation and bias, and violent video game inἀuences. Our youth truly took this opportunity to heart, and The Voices of the Youth: Our Online Safety is a serious compendium of the technology issues in their lives.

Thanh Truc T. Nguyen is an Assistant Specialist with the Curriculum Research & Development Group of the University of Hawai‘i’s College of Education. She is the author of a computer literacy and ethics curriculum entitled Developing WISE Kids, Web and Internet Safe Educated. A member of the Hawai‘i Educational Research Association, Phi Delta Kappa, and the 2011 Class of the FBI-Honolulu Citizen’s Academy, Dr. Nguyen’s main research area is in the impacts of technology and the World Wide Web on education, particularly concerning children and adolescents.

Previous studies have highlighted that the internet offers various online opportunities to users, for example, children, and that the internet possesses great potential to boost their education and provide health information. Scholars have emphasized the great utility of the internet in successfully raising awareness regarding children's online safety issues and enhancing social relationships. However, despite the positive effects of the internet, it has negative effects as well. Nowadays, children and adolescents are increasingly using the internet at younger ages, through diverse platforms and devices, and there have been rising concerns about children's safety online. The chapter investigated the level of cyberbullying among Malaysian children and discovered that the level of cyberbullying among Malaysian children is moderate. However, since the results of the study found a majority of the children surveyed had experienced cyberbullying at least once, there is a likelihoo...

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de son yıllarda hızla artan internet kullanımıyla birlikte önem kazanan İnternetin doğru, güvenli ve etkin kullanımı konusunda yaşanan gelişmeler ve bu bağlamda dünyada ve Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen bilinçlendirme faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. Bu bildiri kapsamında; İnternetin hayatımıza getirdiği birçok fayda ve kolaylıkların yanında beraberinde getirdiği riskler ve içerisinde barındırdığı tehlikeler ile internetin neden güvenli kullanımına ihtiyaç duyulduğu, yapılan ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel çalışmalar ve araştırmalardan yararlanılarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. AB (Avrupa Birliği) ülkeleri başta olmak üzere, dünyada diğer bazı ülkelerin internetin güvenli kullanımı konusunda yapmış oldukları çalışmalar incelenmiş, özellikle Türkiye’nin bu konudaki çalışma ve araştırmaları detaylı olarak anlatılmıştır. Ailelerin İnternet Algıları ve Eğilimleri ile Çocukların Sosyal Paylaşım Sitelerini Kullanım Alışkanlıkları konulu araştırmaların sonuçlarına kısaca değinilmiştir. Ayrıca, bilinçlendirme faaliyetleri kapsamında Türkiye’de internetin doğru, güvenli ve etkin kullanımının daha etkili olabilmesi için nasıl bir farkındalık oluşturma çalışması yapılması gerektiği konusunda öneriler sunulmuştur.

Digital competences have become one of basic skills in XXI century. Due to the ability to digitally access data and manage information and use electronic services, the quality of life has improved, and there has been an improvement in many activities connected with communication, shopping, ticket booking and a range of other repetitive activities. However, there is an additional layer overlapping the technical skills, which layer is connected with understanding the threats deriving from common availability of ICT. The aim of this paper is a diagnosis of digital competences level of parents in the matter of safe use of electronic media. To do this, quantitative research have been prepared, which measure six crucial areas of internet threats: ability to evaluate reliability of information on Internet, safety in the matter of contact with other users, image protection on Internet, knowledge concerning copyrights, knowledge concerning cyber-bullying mechanisms, proper performance of financial operations. The weakest areas of digital literacy seem to be: copyright protection and issues concerning contact with other users. The research was realized with the use of a competence test. The analysis was carried out on 260 parents of students attending secondary schools in the second half of 2016.

The internet has come along with a myriad of positive and negative challenges. One of the positive developments is the increased access for all age categories, especially people of young ages; however, it is not without a side effect. A cyberbullying threat has become interesting areas of research over the years because of the importance of the concepts toward understanding children’s online behaviours and making the internet safe again for the kids to surf. Thus, this article seeks to provide a further understanding of the phenomenon by reporting the findings of a study performed in Selangor, a state of Malaysia. A questionnaire was administered to 375 respondents selected using stratified random sampling from a population of 6,671 primary and secondary school pupils aged 9 to 16 years. The key findings revealed that most children had been involved in the act of cyberbullying. Interestingly, most of them were aware of online threats but did not know that it was bad behaviour. Howev...

As we already know, the problem with privacy and safety is not only related to the Internet. The root of the problem had emerged even sooner. It had developed from the first cameras all the way to tagged photos on Facebook. It is difficult to define privacy in the right way.
A lot has been said about the advantages of social media, but the other side of the medal should also be taken into consideration. In this case it is jeopardizing of individuals’ privacy, which expose them by being generous in sharing information.

Objective: The current study examines an increase in youth online harassment over the last decade in order to better explore the implications of the trend for prevention initiatives. Method: The Youth Internet Safety Surveys (YISSs) involved 3 cross-sectional, nationally representative telephone surveys of 4,561 youth Internet users, ages 10 to 17, in 2000 (n
1,501), 2005 (n
1,500), and 2010 (n
1,560). Results: The increase in youth online harassment from 6% in 2000 to 11% in 2010 was driven primarily by a rise in indirect harassment—someone posting or sending comments to others about them online. Girls made up an increasing proportion of victims: 69% of victims were girls in 2010 compared with 48% in 2000. Furthermore, in comparison with earlier in the decade, harassment incidents in 2010 were more likely to come from a school friend or acquaintance and occur on a social networking site. Victims reported disclosing harassment incidents to school staff at greater rates in 2010 than in 2005 or 2000. Conclusions: The increase in online harassment can likely be attributed to changes in how youth are using the Internet, especially a disproportional increase in online communication with friends by girls, providing more opportunity for offline peer conflicts to expand to this environment. School-based prevention programs aimed at improving peer relationships and reducing bullying are recommended to reduce online harassment.

The use of the Internet has become highly pervasive among adolescents. While these people derive numerous benefits from their use of this technology, they are also faced with a challenge of being exposed to many cyber risks. Nigeria is a developing country with a teeming population of adolescents who are regular users of the Internet, but with inadequate research on adolescent Internet safety. There is therefore, a need to conduct studies on child online risks in Nigeria, to help evaluate the enormity of child online abuses. The present study investigated Internet use and cyber-risk prevalence among four hundred secondary school students from a Nigerian state capital. This study employed a survey research method. The findings reveal that students in selected secondary schools in Ibadan metropolis are regular users of the Internet with considerable exposure to different cyber-risk behaviours. Male students are significantly more susceptible to cyberbullying than female students while...

Bu çalışmada da güvenli İnternet kullanımına ilişkin yapılacak uygulamalara ve eğitimlere referans oluşturması açısında Türkiye'nin değişik bölgelerinde bulunan çocukların İnternet kullanımları ve gerçekleştirdikleri etkinliklerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama araştırma modelinin benimsenmiştir. Örneklem seçiminde tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve çalışmanın örneklemine 9-16 yaş aralığında 784 çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Sonuçlar İnternet erişimi sağlanan mekânlar açısından bölgeler arasında bir farklılaşmanın olmadığı yönündedir. Bununla birlikte çalışmada Türkiye genelinde her iki çocuktan birinin hareket halinde İnternet kullanabildiği ve İnternet kafelerden İnternet'e erişim oranının diğer mekânlara göre daha az gerçekleştiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çocukların İnternet erişimi sağladığı cihazlarda akıllı telefonlar hemen her bölgede ilk sırada yer almıştır. Marmara, Akdeniz ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgeleri akıllı telefon kullanımının en yoğun olduğu bölgelerin başında gelmektedir. İnternet'i ve akıllı telefonu ilk kullanım yaşlarında Marmara ve Karadeniz Bölgeleri ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Çocukların hemen hemen yarısı mobil İnternet paketi kullanılmaktadır. Çocukların İnternet kullanım becerilerinde Marmara, Ege ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgelerindeki çocukların İnternet kullanım becerilerinin Türkiye ortalamasının üzerinde olduğu görülmüştür.


ABSTRACT:
In this study, it was aimed to examine the Internet use and online activities of children in different regions of Turkey in terms of establishing a reference for the applications and trainings to be done regarding safe Internet usage. The study adopted a screening research model from quantitative research methods. A stratified sampling method was used in the selection of the sample and 784 children were included in the sample of the study at the ages of 9-16 years. The findings suggested that there is no differentiation between regions in terms of the places where Internet access is provided, and it has been revealed that one of the two children in Turkey can access Internet on the move and the access rate from the internet cafes is lesser than other locations. Among the devices that children have access to the Internet, smartphones have been ranked first in almost every region. The Marmara, Mediterranean and Eastern Anatolian Regions are among the most intensive areas of smartphone use. Black Sea and Marmara Regions are ranked first in terms of the youngest age of internet and smartphone use. Almost half of the children use mobile Internet packages. It has been seen that internet using skills of children in Marmara, Aegean and Eastern Anatolian regions are above the average level of Turkey.

We found that most of the solutions used by schools to ensure e-safety are either technical or purely regulation-based, only some schools appeared to have studied or elaborated on pedagogical or behavioural aspects. Problems are defied by limitations and regulations, while actual safety incidents (whether in- or outside school) remain largely unsolved (or even undetected). Often, schools do excuse their unawareness with „we'll react when it happens“(secretly believing that it will not happen). Most schools also try to delegate such problems to parents - who in turn look up on schools for help, as their only reaction to safety incidents is often to apply time limits on Internet use. Thus there is an urgent need for information and working guidance mechanisms for managers, teachers, parents and students. These matters must be solved well before schools reach the critical mass in using e-learning, social networks and modern gadgetry as parts of curriculum. Schools are expected to apply new technologies in teaching and learning, but safety of student and teachers is paramount in this context

The goal of our paper is to find out the readiness in Estonia to raise awareness of cyber security related social engineering, especially among common people. We have conducted a study involving schoolchildren and ICT students as well as members of the Cyber-Defence League (CDL). The findings will suggest a way to carry out related training programmes or campaigns. The recommendations are useful for coordinating the efforts of the four Ministries involved, addressing the crossroads of technical cyber security, social interaction, communication and education.

Cybercriminals are exploiting the panic associated with COVID-19 to attack vulnerable digital assets using ransomware, email phishing and social engineering scams. The impacts on the cyberspace are examined, and recommendations for digital behaviours are proffered to ensure user privacy and computer security even as the pandemic rages.