International Journal of Applied and Natural Sciences (IJANS)

Background
As dimensions of malnutrition have a complex association with social Status. Nutritional status of an individual
also depicts of quality of life. Malnutrition among the low-wage workers causes a direct impact on economic growth and
development as a healthy workforce to create a healthy nation with a strong economy. Objectives: To assess the social and
nutritional status of salt cultivators (Agariyas) engaged in organized salt works. Study Design: Advance mixed method of
study (both qualitative and quantitative). Study Setting and Target Population: Salt cultivator working as the contractual
workforce in organized salt industries in Bhavnagar, Gujarat for more than one year in salt works. Subjects/Methods:
Field research had an integrated approach where qualitative data comprises in-depth interview, observation, audio, and
video recording and focus group discussion (FGDs). For the quantitative aspect of the study pre-tested standard modified
questionnaire tested as per the local region setting having both structured and the semi-structured questionnaire. Socioeconomic
and demographic profile, Health Symptoms, Nutritional assessment (Height, weight, Mid Upper Arm
Circumference-MUAC, Basal Metabolic Index-BMI and Waist and Hip Ratio-WHR) was recorded. Hemoglobin was
analyzed using digital hemoglobin analyzer. Field Survey was conducted in semi-urban villages located near Bhavnagar
city of Gujarat during the beginning phase of salt cultivation season. Results: Total 166 salt cultivators participated in the
field survey and research, of which 102 were male and 64 were female. The research found the about 24.1% ofsalt workers
are under-weight/ Chronic Energy Deficiency Category I & II. While small proportion (1.2%) of salt cultivators was
severely underweight/ Chronic Energy Deficiency Category III. Mid-Upper Arm Circumference of the salt cultivators was
24±3 cm. The mean hemoglobin of the salt cultivators in the present study was 10.7± 2.0 g/dl. In focus group discussion
and in-depth interview, other information regarding their health hygiene and sanitation were recorded.
Conclusions
Prevalence of under-nutrition and underweight high among the low wage salt cultivators. Both male and female
salt workers have low mean hemoglobin level (lower than the standard level). Poor and monotonous diet, low income,
poor housing, migration, lack of education, poor hygiene and sanitation make them more vulnerable. Integrated and
comprehensive social security policy is obligatory for nutritional and social insurance for the salt cultivators and their
families.

Certain foods or food components may provide health and wellness benefits. These foods, also known as " functional foods, " are thought to provide benefits beyond basic nutrition and may play a role in reducing or minimizing the risk of certain diseases and other health conditions. Examples of these foods include fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fortified foods and beverages and some dietary supplements. Functional characteristics of many traditional foods are being discovered and studied, while new food products are being developed to include beneficial components. By knowing which foods can provide specific health benefits, you can make food and beverage choices that allow you to take greater control of your health. In these paper different types of functional foods and their characteristics, composition and their uses and applications, Nutrient enrichment of food products, Functional Foods and their nutritional significance and health benefits are reviewed.

Translation activities, in some sense, involve the shift of two languages. More importantly, these activities promote
communication between the two cultures. From the perspective of intertextuality, any text of the source language exists in
the culture system created by elements of literature, history, religion, which also is affected and connected by other
cultures. The translated text is connected with the source text, and the translation process is to find and interpret the
connection and intertextuality by the translator’s ability and efforts.
This paper, focusing on intertextuality in translation process of the popular medical text called Disease-Proof:
Slash Your Risk of Heart Disease, Cancer, Diabetes, and More--by 80 Percent, aims at achieving successful
comprehending, interpretation and adaption of the source text and then promoting communication between two cultures.
After careful analysis of the source text, this paper discovers that the translator is confined by some elements like the
author and text of source language, a culture of two languages and target readers, and the translator should show its
subjectivity in the translation process.

This paper presents MATLAB simulation of the single tuned passive filter to provide reactive power compensation and to minimize THD in an industrial distribution system. The three-phase power system is designed by using the actual data collected from industry and single tuned passive filter is designed. This system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB. The resulted current and voltage waveforms before and after the filter are turned on are shown.

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia at world level, but other causes like acute and chronic inflammation, parasitic infections, nutritional deficiencies (including vitamin A, folate, vitamin B12 and) and inherited or acquired disorders that affect red blood cell formation, hemoglobin synthesis, or red blood cell survival can all cause anemia. The dietary intervention approach is an effective method to combat iron deficiency anemia. Garden cress belongs to Brassicaceae family. The seeds are an excellent source of iron, 100gm of seeds provide 100 mg of iron. Garden cress seed is an important medicinal crop in India. It is used to cure for asthma, dysentery, bleeding piles, menstrual disorders. The garden cress seeds are known as important medicinal plant, since Vedic era. Medicine and nutritional importance of garden cress seed is the most important aspect of this study. Studies were conducted on incorporation of garden cress seed powder (Lepidium sativum) in mathri. These used garden cress seed as 10, 20 and 30% level to prepare garden cress seed flour. On the basis of overall organoleptic acceptability, the mean score of developed mathri were 7.3, 6.3 and 5.75 respectively on the 0 days, 30 days and 60 days.

Beekeeping or apiculture provides nutritional, economic and ecological security to rural communities as an additional income generating activity. The study was conducted to analyze the impact of honeybee keeping on the sustainable livelihoods development in Bajuar agency, Khyber PakhtunKhwa Pakistan. Primary data have been collected from randomly selected 80 beekeepers with the help of pretested schedule through research designed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics; frequency, mean and percentages were employed in data analysis. On average landholding of the beekeepers was 18.46 acres per household ranging from zero to 320 acres and the honey productivity per household was 1295 kg ranges from 10-6000 Kg. The mean beehives holding were 60.45 per household ranges from 2-665 hives. The average annual household income per beekeeper has been observed to be higher (Rs.527275) followed by the non-beekeeping sources (Rs.180300). The Pre and Post Beekeeping mean annual expenditures of the sample size household was Rs.164200 and Rs.257912 respectively. The major constraints listed by the beekeepers were shortage of effective bee flora during bee hives migration, pest and diseases attack, lack of professional training, extension services, credit facility and transportation. Most of the beekeepers have been observed to be potential or expand its production and productivity on sustainable basis.

Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa the great saint or rather a prophet gifted to the nation. A universal religion, that is the religion of oneness and tolerance, which is accepted by the people even today. To quote the words of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, " Greeting to the feet of jnani! Greeting to the feet of the bhaktha! Greeting to the devotee who believe in the formless God! Greeting to those who believes in the formless God! Greeting to those who believe in God with form! Greeting to men old who knew Brahman! Greeting to the modern knower of truth! " These words show that he accepted one and all, irrespective of caste, creed, status and wealth, alike. His heart and mind were open to receive all kinds of material and spiritual philosophies. He lived only for fifty years but had the spiritual experiences and attainments of five thousand years. His life is itself an open book filled with truthful and be seen that Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa began from just as any other ordinary devotional experiences. When compared with other Indian thinkers, it can man, but his spiritual fame grew and spread its wings to the whole world.

Microbes contaminate various environmental sources and humans always have a tendency to get into contact with them. In the human body, the hands are the organs that are highly involved in picking up microbes from animate and inanimate objects with reference to the instrumentation process in the banking sector automatic teller machine (ATM) have become an important component of life. Many users access the ATM so the chances of microbial population contaminating the ATM too is high. Many drug-resistant pathogens are found to be transmitted through various parts of the ATM and the as the cleanliness of the ATM room are very bad the situation becomes even worse in transmitting the pathogens. Therefore, investigation of the bacterial load of these devices may be valuable to increase our awareness about the possible transmission ways of pathogens in public For a long time, plants have been an important source of natural products for human health and many products from plants have been prepared for the control of the pathogens so in this regard. The present study was undertaken specifically to investigate the role of aqueous extracts of M. oleifera Lam. leaves as a potential antimicrobial agent against some human pathogenic bacteria isolated from ATM Moringa Oleifera has been used extensively in traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments, promotes digestion, skin diseases, diarrhea, as stimulant in paralytic afflictions.

Sexing in birds is important for scientific management, behavioral and ecological studies and also to improve breeding programme in captivity. Sexing by examining external morphology is difficult in more than 50% of the world's bird species. Since maintenance of ideal sex ratio is important for any successful breeding programme pet breeders encounter difficulties with breeding of monomorphic birds. In the present study, DNA was isolated from feathers and polymerase chain reaction was done using three different sets of primers to identify the sex of a popular pet bird, Pyrrhura molinae (Green-cheeked conure), which is monomorphic in nature. The primer sets were designed to amplify intron 9 and 16 of CHDIgene and intron 16 of NIPBL gene. Both CHD1 (encoding chromo helicase-DNA-binding protein 1) and NIPBL (Nipped B homolog) is located in both the sex chromosomes, Z and W of birds.Intron 9 of CHDI gene was amplified by PCR technique in DNA isolated from the feather. As female birds are heterogametic (ZW) PCR amplification generated fragments of two different sizes-1100 bp and 600 bp, whereas in male birds (ZZ), only a single fragment of 1100 bp was observed. Two different pattern generated on electrophoresis of amplicons, in male and female birds, helps to identify the sex accurately. The other two primer sets did not consistently yield different patterns in all male and female birds raising doubts in their efficacy in being used for sex identification of conures

Ma'amul, Barazeq, and Ghuribeh are rich fat traditional sweet bakery products that are usually consumed in the Middle East. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fat replacing with maltodextrin at various levels (i.e., 10, 20, 30, and 40%) on Ma'amul, Barazeq, and Ghuribeh chemical and quality characteristics. The maximum fat level that could be replaced in Ma'amul, Barazeq, and Ghuribeh were 40%, 30% and 20%, respectively. Fat and energy were significantly (P<0.05) reduced with the increase of maltodextrin level in these bakery products. Overall acceptance, flavor, color, and softness of Ma'amul, Barazeq, and Ghuribeh were not significantly affected by the replacement in a ratio ranging from 10-20% when compared to controls. Greater replacements (i.e., 30 and 40% maltodextrin) showed a significant reduction on sensory acceptability of the three products.

Today, nutrition is more important than ever. Adolescents have a significant amount of knowledge regarding healthy foods and believe that healthy eating involves moderation, balance, and variety. Despite this knowledge, they feel difficult to follow healthy eating recommendations and frequently consume foods that they perceive as unhealthy. A study was conducted with the objective to assess the nutritional knowledge of school going rural adolescent girls (13 to 18 years). The study was conducted in the Mangrop village of Bhilwara district of Rajasthan. Data was collected using a developed questionnaire to assess the nutritional knowledge of the respondents. Questions on nutritional deficiency disorders were included in the tool. Findings revealed that their nutrition related knowledge was not up to the mark and a majority of them were not aware about nutritional deficiency disorders. Ignorance about micronutrients prevailed in adolescent girls. Therefore, there is a need to educate the rural adolescent girls regarding health and nutrition awareness, as they are future mothers.

Fresh water fishes are the common shelter for various species of digenetic trematode parasites in Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), abundantly found in river Gomti, different ponds and canals of Lucknow. Fishes carry heavy infection of helminth parasites and serve as the host of different helminth parasites. Infection of these parasites may be result in poor growth, postpone sexual maturity and mortality of fishes, and cause human and animal diseases due to weak association of host and parasites. Digenean trematodes are important helminth parasites of Fresh water fishes. In this paper we have reported the seasonal fluctuation in the prevalence, intensity and relative density patterns of digenean infection in fresh water fishes from river Gomti Lucknow (India) during the Jan, 2011 to Dec, 2011.

Semiconductor nonmaterials have been receiving great attentions. Among these various semiconductors nonmaterial's zinc sulfide is a versatile material because of its physical, chemical and optical properties. ZnS has a wide band gap (3.5-3.9 eV) when in bulk but band gap increases when it is in nano form. It is used in various applications electronic devices, biomedical field, variety of sensors and many more. In the present study, thin layer of ZnS was formed using VNL-ATK software and results were compared with the nano particle synthesized via chemical route. The ZnS was doped with nickel, cobalt and silver and the effect of doping with different materials was studied. Optical properties were studied using UV-VIS spectroscopy, Simulation was done using VNL-ATK software and the experimental results were compared and found to be similar within error limits. Graphical Abstract