Interactive Animation

Acrısio J. do Nascimento Jr. [email protected] Departamento de Ciências da Computaç˜ao - UFG - CaC, 75705-220, Catal˜ao, GO, Brasil Alex F. de Araújo Aledir S. Pereira Norian Marranghello Jonathan Rogéri [email protected] [email protected] ...

Until now theories of the gesture-speech relationship have been difficult to evaluate because of their descriptive basis. In this paper we provide a tool for investigating the relationship between speech and gesture: a system that generates speech, intonation, and gesture using two copies of an identical program that have different knowledge of the world and must cooperate to accomplish a goal. The output of the dialogue generation is fed into a three-dimensional interactive animated model -two graphic figures on a computer screen who gesture according to the rules given to the system. The advantage of computer modeling in this domain is that it forces us to come up with predictive theories of the gesture-speech relationship. A felicitous outcome is a working system to realize autonomous animated conversational agents, for virtual reality and other purposes.

Until now theories of the gesture-speech relationship have been difficult to evaluate because of their descriptive basis. In this paper we provide a tool for investigating the relationship between speech and gesture: a system that generates speech, intonation, and gesture using two copies of an identical program that have different knowledge of the world and must cooperate to accomplish a goal. The output of the dialogue generation is fed into a three-dimensional interactive animated model -two graphic figures on a computer screen who gesture according to the rules given to the system. The advantage of computer modeling in this domain is that it forces us to come up with predictive theories of the gesture-speech relationship. A felicitous outcome is a working system to realize autonomous animated conversational agents, for virtual reality and other purposes.

We present an interactive modeling and animation system that facilitates the integration of a variety of simulation and animation paradigms. This system permits the modeling of diverse objects that change in shape, appearance, and behavior over time. Our system thus extends modeling tools to include animation controls. Changes can be effected by various methods of control, including scripted, gestural, and behavioral specification. The system is an extensible testbed that supports research in the interaction of disparate control methods embodied in controller objects. This paper discusses some of the issues involved in modeling such interactions and the mechanisms implemented to provide solutions to some of these issues, The system's object-oriented architecture uses delegation hierarchies to let objects change all of their attributes dynamically. Objects include displayable objects, controllers, cameras, lights, renderers, and user interfaces. Techniques used to obtain interactive performance include the use of data-dependency networks, lazy evaluation. and extensive caching to exploit inter-and intra-frame coherency.

Acrısio J. do Nascimento Jr. [email protected] Departamento de Ciências da Computaç˜ao - UFG - CaC, 75705-220, Catal˜ao, GO, Brasil Alex F. de Araújo Aledir S. Pereira Norian Marranghello Jonathan Rogéri [email protected] [email protected] ...

In this paper we try to define – as ethologists – the easiest ways for creating such a synergy around a common project: mixed groups of interacting animals and robots. The following aspects are explored. (1) During this century, ethology has accumulated numerous results showing that animals' interactions could be rather simple signals and it is possible to interact with

We describe the HUMANOID environment dedicated to human modeling and animation for general multimedia, VR, and CAD applications integrating virtual humans. We present the design of the system and the integration of the various features: generic modeling of a large class of entities with the BODY data structure, realistic skin deformation for body and hands, facial animation, collision detection, integrated motion control and parallelization of computation intensive tasks.

Interpretation and audit of financial information is a significant undertaking that must rest on a fuller understanding of the firm and its operations. A pictorial representation of firm activity offers promise for supporting this requirement. After reviewing the literature related to visualizations, we describe the design of an interactive animated version of the cycle model. Business Animator assists users in developing an intuitive sense about the cycle model itself, while exploring and visualizing how firms at various stages of growth, sustenance, and decay are affected by specific operating decisions. Principles and findings from the accounting and information systems literatures were used to drive the design of the representation and software used to control it. This resulting system adds depth to traditional accounting representations by conveying information about the momentum of the firm's activities, the rate of change at which various activities are occurring. The animation facilitates identification of backlogs or breaks in operating processes, thus increasing understanding of the firm's financial health.

Animating natural human motion in dynamic environments is difficult because of complex geometric and physical interactions. Simulation provides an automatic solution to parts of this problem, but it needs control systems to produce lifelike motions. This paper describes the systematic computation of controllers that can reproduce a range of locomotion styles in interactive simulations. Given a reference motion that describes the desired style, a derived control system can reproduce that style in simulation and in new environments. Because it produces high-quality motions that are both geometrically and physically consistent with simulated surroundings, interactive animation systems could begin to use this approach along with more established kinematic methods.

Habitat disturbance, particularly of human origin, promotes the invasion of exotic plants, which in turn might foster the invasion of alien-interacting animals. Here we assess whether the invasion of exotic plants – mostly mediated by habitat disturbance – facilitates the invasion of exotic flower visitors in temperate forests of the southern Andes, Argentina. We recorded visit frequencies and the identity

Die automatisierte Steuerung von Robotern scheiterte in der Vergangenheit häufig an der enormen Größe des Zustandsraumes. Der Grund sind hochauflösende Sensoren in Verbindung mit Servomotoren, die numerische Werte als Eingabe verwenden. Selbst moderne Computer sind überfordert, den Spielbaum für derartige lowlevel Zustandsräume zu bestimmen, geschweige denn mehrere Schritte in die Zukunft zu planen. Der Ausweg aus dem Dilemma ist die Projektion des ursprünglichen Zustandsraumes in einen abstrakten kognitiven Zustandsraum. Dieses Mapping ist auch als Symbol grounding Problem bekannt und bedeutet die Transformation von Sensordaten in eine symbolische Schrift. Es handelt sich um ein Kodierungsproblem zur Repräsentation der Realität in einem Roboter. Das Erzeugen einer linguistischen Grammatik ist Teil der folgenden Ausarbeitung. Ferner wird am Beispiel eines Autorennspiels demonstriert, wie eine natürlichsprachliche Beschreibung der Ist Situation aussieht.

This paper introduces a new software tool for teaching power electronics and electrical machines. The tool consists of HTML text where small programs in form of Javaapplets are inserted which are used for interactive animation, simulation and design of power electronic circuits and/or electrical machines. The whole tool does need just a standard web-browser, is fully independent of the underlying operating system, also no installation is necessary, and all interactive Java-programs are written with the focus on very easy usage. Therefore, the tool can be accessed via the World Wide Web and/or by a CD-ROM in stand-alone PCs by students and professionals. Since the Java-programs are simple to handle, a student can immediately start working with the programs and can fully concentrate on the theory of the problem instead of studying help-manuals. Because of the underlying software technology the tool can be used for on-line learning and can be easily integrated into an E-Learning platform for distance learning. It can be also used in the traditional classroom with laptop and beamer, via Internet or CD-ROM. Therefore, it can be integrated in a course making use of other modern technologies like video, slide-shows or sound-clips. It can be used by professionals or students for self-studying. The focus of this paper is on the introduction of the usage and the technology of this new E-Learning software tool which is optimized for education in power electronics and electrical machines. It is not about certain teaching techniques. The E-Learning tool as presented at the conference can be found at www.pes.ee.ethz.ch.

Many of the problems facing physicists and applied mathematicians
involve difficulties as nonlinear governing equations, variable
coefficients, and nonlinear boundary conditions at complex known or
unknown boundaries that preclude solving them exactly. In this paper we
introduce a numerical parametrization of the orbits around the Lagrange
points of the circular restricted three-body problem, together with their
stable and unstable invariant manifolds. Studying about Lagrange points
is very important. On December 25, 2021, the James Webb Telescope
was launched into space. Why was Lagrange point L2 chosen to send the
Web telescope? This point will be the James Webb Space Telescope’s
home in space. The stable and unstable invariant manifold associated to
Lagrange point orbits are the phase space conduits transporting material
between primary bodies for separate three-body systems. Manifolds and
optimal control were used to better understand trajectories in the circular
restricted three-body problem. Equations of this problem were used to
generate two-dimensional stable and unstable invariant manifolds.
The numerical integration requires an initial position and velocity so that
it can generate a trajectory over a specified time interval. A zero initial
velocity is required to find the stable manifold to travel to a Lagrange
point. The stable manifold can be propagated forward and backward in
time so that a spacecraft is able to travel to and from a Lagrange point on
the manifold. Low-energy lunar exploration orbit is designed by
changing orbit at a certain intersection field through manifold of two
periodic orbit of three body system. An example of orbit design is given
to show that the Earth-Moon transfer orbit based on invariant manifold
splicing has the characteristics of energy saving and long-time
consumption.

In aggressive interactions, animals often use a discrete set of signals, while the properties being signalled are likely to be continuous, for example fighting ability or value of victory. Here we investigate a particular model of fighting which allows for conventional signalling of subjective resource value to occur. The result shows that neither perfect nor no signalling are evolutionarily stable strategies (ESSs) in the model. Instead, we find ESSs in which partial information is communicated, with discrete displays signalling a range of values rather than a precise one. The result also indicates that communication should be more precise in conflicts over small resources. Signalling strategies can exist in fighting because of the common interest in avoiding injuries, but communication is likely to be limited because of the fundamental conflict over the resource. Our results reflect a compromise between these two factors. Data allowing for a thorough test of the model are lacking; however, existing data seem consistent with the obtained theoretical results.

The net was one of the determining factors in a training of a group of 4 primary and middle school teachers (L. M. in Forni Di Sopra and C. D. F. in Villa Santina, P. C. in Tolmezzo and D. S. in Gemona, all places in the mountains of Friuli, in the Nord-East of Italy) in an action-research on the electric charge. It was developed through meetings with researchers in physics education and exchange and sharing of experiences and projects on the net, in an environment designed for teaching activities and under the guidance of a project tutor. The environment allowed to establish different kinds of relations: between teachers, between them and researchers, between classes. It offered to teachers (two in middle school and two in primary school) a place for discussions during the design of paths to be presented to their classes, to structure and share the products of their training both during and after it, to reflect on their training path.

Even if magnetism and electromagnetism are generally not addressed during the formative courses in Italy, they are part of the curricular programs in primary schools. A formative learning intervention concerning electromagnetism was conducted in the context of the physics course for Prospective Primary Teachers (PPT) held at the University of Udine. In this paper are analysed how PPT address the analysis of the electromagnetic phenomena while they are facing an experimental learning path for pupils, looking to what conceptual nuclei and the learning knots are identified and re-used by them in the design of their own learning path.

Untuk peningkatan kualitas pendidikan dibutuhkan berbagai inovasi dan terobosan baru, baik dalam penambahan kurikulum, inovasi pembelajaran, dan pemenuhan sarana serta prasarana pendidikan. Memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi khususnya pada teknologi komputer dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar yang diharapkan menjadi sebuah pemecahan masalah dalam kegiatan tersebut. Penulis membuat sebuah Media pembelajaran untuk mendorong siswa dapat belajar secara optimal di dalam belajar mandiri maupun didalam pelajaran di kelas. Untuk membuat sebuah media pembelajaran penulis menggabungkan teks, gambar dan suara yang dibuat dengan aplikasi Adobe Animate CC 2017. Hasil akhir dari penulisan laporan ini berupa media pembeljaran berupa penggolongan hewan berdasarkan jenis makanannya. Dan penulis membuat stationary berupa amplop surat dan kop surat dan merchandise berupa mug (gelas).

Animation authoring involves an author's interaction with a scene, resulting in varying scene complexity for a given animation sequence. In such a varying environment, detection and prediction of collision in minimal time and with high accuracy is a challenge. This paper proposes using the bounding volume-based space subdivision mechanism to reduce search space for an object pair collision search. This data structure is enhanced using a direction-based spatial hash table, which predicts collision between static and dynamic objects. These techniques are shown to work in conjunction with existing search space reduction methods. The event of collision is accurately detected using known methods, such as kinetic data structures. Simulation results show that for a scene with 10 000 objects with varying dynamic objects (10%-90%), the method finds probable collision-pairs with 95%-99% accuracy.

In signalling interactions, animals can directly address information to a specific individual. Vocal overlapping is such a signalling strategy used in songbirds, anurans, and insects. In songbirds, numerous studies using high rates of song overlap to simulate an escalating situation have shown that song overlapping is perceived as a threatening signal by interacting and by listening (eavesdropping) individuals, indicating a high social relevance of song overlapping. Here we present a playback experiment on nocturnally singing male territorial nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos). Using three different rates of song overlap (1, 25, or 50%), we tested whether or not lower levels of song overlapping act as a signal of aggressive intent and if birds would increase the intensity of their response with increasing level of song overlapping. Subjects did not vary song duration in response to the different playback treatments but increasingly interrupted their singing with increasing overlap by the three playback treatments. The effects persisted even after the playback ceased to overlap and switched to an alternating singing mode. These results expand on previous studies by showing that song overlapping is interpreted as an aggressive signal even when it is used at low or moderate levels. They suggest that, within the range tested here, increasing levels of song overlapping are perceived to be increasingly aggressive.

Accurately simulating Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes is useful to predict printing failures and test 3D printing without wasting precious resources, both in terms of time ad material. In AM the object to be fabricated is first cut into a set of slices aligned with the build direction, and then printed, depositing or solidifying material one layer on top of the other. To guarantee accurate simulations, it is therefore necessary to encode the temporal evolution of the shape to be printed within the simulation domain. We introduce slice2mesh, to the best of our knowledge the first software capable of turning a sliced object directly into a volumetric mesh. Our tool inputs a set of slices and produces a tetrahedral mesh that endows each slice in its connectivity. An accurate representation of the simulation domain at any time during the print can therefore be easily obtained by filtering out the slices yet to be processed. slice2mesh also features a flexible mesh generation syste...

Shadows are of great importance to computer graphics, especially for interactive animation due to the visual cues which they provide. Most research in the field of dynamic shadowing has focussed on shadows from point light sources, since they are much easier to compute than those from area light sources. This means that such shadows have sharp boundaries, and so often appear to be unrealistic. We present an algorithm which enables the interactive animation of shadows due to area light sources which have been computed using discontinuity meshing. The results in this paper show that it can be used interactively, and more importantly that it has good scalability characteristics with more complex scenes.

Data structures are a conceptually demanding topic which confronts many Computer Science students early in their course. The topic has a strong conceptual basis and often proves difficult for many to grasp. A number of previous studies have examined that the use of interaction and visualization within the systems can motivate a student to engage in the learning process. This literature review investigates the effectiveness of these systems that were and are being used today for teaching and learning of data structures to novice Computer Science students. It also explores the different techniques that are used to develop the intelligent tutoring systems and concludes on presenting which techniques are most effective.

Studies have demonstrated that manual and mental rotation show common processes. Training studies have shown that a manual and concurrent visual rotation improves mental rotation performance. In this study, we separated the visual rotation from the manual rotation. In all, 121 participants were randomly assigned to visual training, manual rotation training, or manual training without rotational movement. Before and after the training session of 30 min, they had to solve a chronometric mental rotation test. Data were analysed with linear mixed models and showed an improvement in mental rotation performance for all groups. However, this improvement did not differ between groups. Due to the independence of the form and occurrence of the manual activity, this suggests that it is not the motor activity, but the concurrent visual rotation that leads to improvements in mental rotation tasks. Therefore, the visual component in mental rotation tasks has to be investigated in more detail.

In recent years interactive web based courses has become very popular among teachers and more attention has been paid to it at universities. In this paper a web based interactive software has been designed and implemented to teach power electronics subject at undergraduate level in Shahrood University of Technology. The proposed course has seventeen parts based on power electronics syllabus in Iranian university. Each part includes a brief HTML text to explain circuit and necessary mathematical theory followed by Java applet to simulate circuit. It has been tried to prepare Java applets more attractive and easier to use compare to other available interactive software. Output is also available in forms of graphics and data that can be exported into spreadsheets programs like Excel for producing diagrams. The web-based interactive course was evaluated in offline use with a group of undergraduate students. Participants in the trials reported that the materials were engaging and assisted their learning about power electronics converter. This version of the course design was found effective in learning, and with further development, it may promises to be a powerful and flexible approach to supporting learning for students in power electronics courses.

Print books pose inherent difficulties for researchers who want to observe users' natural in-book reading patterns. With e-books and logs of their use, it is now possible to track several aspects of users' interactions inside e-books, including the number and duration of their sessions with an e-book and the order in which pages are viewed. This chapter reports on a study of one year of EBL user log data from Purdue University to identify different reading patterns or ways in which users navigate within different types of e-books-authored monographs vs. edited collections-and in e-books in different subject areas. The results of the analysis revealed a few differences in the reading patterns used for e-books of different types and subject areas, but more striking was the similarity in reading patterns across the e-books. Greater differences occurred between individual users, and these differences are best explained by differences in individuals' personal reading objectives. The analysis of reading logs for e-books is still very much a new venture. From this perspective, the findings are exploratory and descriptive rather than conclusive, and as much about the evolution of workable methodologies as they are about the results of the analysis. Log analysis reveals nothing about users' circumstances or intentions; however, if used in tandem with usability studies, and studies based on surveys, diaries, and interviews, it could contribute to a more objective understanding of users' interactions with e-books. 14 224 | Academic E-Books bAckground And IntroductIon In the ancient world, reading was usually done out loud. In A History of Reading, Alberto Manguel (1996) recounts a story from the Confessions of St. Augustine in which Augustine tells of the time he paid a visit to Ambrose, the Bishop of Milan. Augustine observed Ambrose reading: "his eyes scanned the page and his heart sought out the meaning, but his voice was silent, and his tongue was still" (Confessions, 6, 3, as cited by Manguel, 1996, p. 42). This was remarkable to Augustine because reading silently was something out of the ordinary. Like Augustine's observation, most objective descriptions of silent reading have focused on its physiognomic aspects (i.e., reading posture, facial expression, and movements of the hands, fingers, tongue, lips, and eyes). In the 19 th and 20 th centuries, many scientific studies of reading concentrated on readers' visual behavior or eye movements. Methods of tracking eye movements included the corneal reflection and the scleral observation methods, both of which required holding the subject's head in a fixed position. Other methods involved attaching monitors to the subject's eye while the subject scanned a page or read lines of text. Another study placed the reader in a darkened room with a text and a flashlight. "The use of a light is clearly somewhat unnatural for the reader," the educational psychologist A. K. Pugh (1977) noted, "but the restrictions on the subject are less than in most of the eye-movement recording methods" (p. 42). Pugh discussed a fundamental discovery resulting from Louis-Émile Javal's early eye-movement studies; when reading or scanning, human eyes do not move smoothly, but rather make jerky movements (saccades) and stop several times, moving very quickly between each stop (fixation). The movements measured in these experiments are very small, and the subjects read only relatively short texts (Pugh, 1978, p. 14). Marshall (2009) notes that, although eye tracking "provides important data about some aspects of reading-word and letter recognition, most importantly-it has not shed as much light on how people read in the wild," that is, read naturally (p. 101). Other controlled reading studies give test subjects identical reading material with instructions, observe and record subjects' actions (e.g., through video recording), and, in some studies, ask them all the same series of questions. User studies often are conducted to inform improvements in the design of products, including printed and digital documents

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.

We present a series of programming exercises that use scaling 'a a theme for teaching design techniques in the introductory computer science course sequence. All exercises are on the level easily mastered in the first year of programming. Additionally, the exercises introduce a rich variety of applications of computer science.

We will first explain what is Mixed Reality covering the spectrum from Reality to Virtual Reality. We will emphasize Augmented Reality which augments the user's view of the real world by composing 3D virtual objects with their real world counterparts, necessitating that the user maintains a sense of presence in that world. After a State-ofthe-Art of the main technologies and concepts, we will survey a few applications in medicine, maintenance, tourism, and cultural heritage .

We will first explain what is Mixed Reality covering the spectrum from Reality to Virtual Reality. We will emphasize Augmented Reality which augments the user's view of the real world by composing 3D virtual objects with their real world counterparts, necessitating that the user maintains a sense of presence in that world. After a State-ofthe-Art of the main technologies and concepts, we will survey a few applications in medicine, maintenance, tourism, and cultural heritage .

  In the world of education in Indonesia today, a development of information technology now makes many schools in Indonesia begin to apply many modern learning media based on information technology, so that the development of learning media will continue to change and will progress in the world of education. Advances in information technology can also change foreign language learning systems, one of which is Japanese which has 3 different writings. Data collection that has been done to obtain data is to look for sources of accurate information related to the Japanese language learning process at school, so that the writer can know and understand the advantages and disadvantages in the teaching and learning process at school. Many students find it difficult to learn Japanese because their writing is fairly difficult to learn. In addition, the lack of practice or Japanese language procedures is also a very influential thing in teaching and learning in school.   Keywords: Japanese Lang...

Present engineering has to deal with increasingly complex systems. In particular, this is the case of electrical engineering. Though, this is obvious in microelectronics, also in the field of power systems the engineers have to design, operate and maintain highly complex systems such as power grids, energy converters and electrical drives. This is reflected in engineering education, where teachers try to communicate the many aspects of complex systems and where students try to learn and deal with this complexity. In this paper, a program of computer animations is discussed, that was originally and primarily designed for teachers and to be used during traditional lectures. It was found out however, that these animations could be very well used for self-study purposes provided a good instruction and clear assignments were given. The introduction of new technologies (e.g. ICT) into teaching of Electrical Engineering, and setting up and technical aspects of e-learning platform for Electrical Engineering are addressed in the paper.

We present an interactive approach for animating the evolution of a city, adding to previous work in computer graphics related to automating the process of creating realisticlooking cities. Specifically, we combine the visual aspects of a graphical model with an optimization-driven solver to aid entertainers and urban developers alike in synthesizing the controlled growth and decay of a city over time. Our approach uses a hierarchical model based on primitive units of zoning and various heuristics taken from sociological and empirical data about real-world cities. We break down the city spatially into primitive units of zoning blocks, and the system performs optimization at this level to satisfy given constraints for growth (or decay.) Through this simplified model, animation for an entire city over a number of years can be performed quickly. To display the results, the system generates a visual representation of the city with buildings on the zoning blocks. To control the urban development of the generated city, the user selects parameters to control changes in the size of the population and land area used.

In this paper we introduce a novel automatic method for generating near optimal navigation meshes from a 3D multi-layered virtual environment. Firstly, a GPU voxelization of the entire scene is calculated in order to identify and extract the different walkable layers. Secondly, a high resolution render is performed with a fragment shader to obtain the 2D floor plan of each layer. Finally, a convex decomposition of each layer is calculated and layers are linked in order to create a Navigation Mesh of the scene. Results show that our method is not only faster than previous work, but also creates more accurate NavMeshes since it respects the original shape of the static geometry. It also provides a significantly lower number of cells and avoids ill-conditioned cells and T-Joints between portals that could lead to unnatural character navigation.

Personalized eLearning Systems tailor the learning experience to characteristics of individual learners. These tailored course offerings are often comprised of discrete electronic learning resources, such as text snippets, interactive animations, diagrams, and videos. An extension of standard metadata schemas developed for facilitating the discovery and reuse of such adaptive learning resources can also be utilized by the eLearning systems for realizing the adaptivity. An important feature of such reuse supporting adaptive systems is the clear distinction of separate models and components within the teaching process.

The graphics capabilities and speed of current hardware systems allow the exploration of 3D and animation in user interfaces, while improving the degree of int,eraction as well. In order to fully utilize these capabilities, new software architectures must support multiple, asynchronous, interacting agents (the Multiple Agent Problem), and support smooth interactive anima.tion (the Animation Problem). The Cognitive Coprocessor is a new user interface architecture designed to solve these two problems, while supporting highly interactive user interfaces that have 2D and 3D animations. This a.rchitecture includes 3D Rooms, a 3D analogy to the Rooms system with Rooms Buttons extended to Interactive Objects that deal with 3D, animation, and gestures. This research is being tested in the domain of I?tformation Visualization, which uses 2D a.nd 3D animated artifa.cts to represent the structure of informa.tion. A prototype, called the Information Visualizer, has been built.

Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi seperti sekarang ini, komputer tidak hanya digunakan sebagai jaringan komunikasi yang banyak dibutuhkan, akan tetapi bisa dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang, antara lain untuk keperluan pendidikan, hiburan, dsb. Sedangkan matematika merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang diajarkan ditingkat dasar, berbagai macam cara manual dapat digunakan untuk belajar, akan tetapi lama kelamaan menjadi membosankan bagi anak-anak karena desain yang kurang menarik dan interaktif oleh karena itu pada proyek akhir ini, akan dibuat suatu aplikasi: " Game Matematika untuk Pembelajaran Murid SD " yang mempunyai tampilan menarik dan interaktif sesuai dengan dunia anak-anak sehingga dapat menambah minat belajar dan memudahkan murid sekolah SD untuk belajar matematika dengan melakukan suatu permainan menggunakan macromedia flash. Aplikasi ini dimainkan oleh satu pemain, terdiri dari 3 pilihan pemainan yaitu perkalian, pembagian dan pemfaktoran, dan terdiri dari 3 tingkat kesulitan level 1-6, 1-9, dan 1-12, pertanyaan harus semua dijawab baru kita akan mengetahui skor.

Rapid technological developments affecting the role of a computer itself. At first only focused on the use of computer data processing, but along with the advancement of technology today use computers not only focused on data processing, but also serve as a medium of information in various fields one of which is education.Utilization of the computer as a medium of learning in education has begun to be used in the TPQ (The Learning Quran). As a teacher in a TPQ, the computer can be used as a medium in the teaching and learning process which has the function as a media tutorial, as learning tools and test equipment that will be very helpful in the process of storage and an understanding of the material presented.One of the educational material should be taught to children include religious education. Especially for the Moslem prayer is the pillar of religion. Early on children should begin to be taught about prayer because it is one obligation for Muslims.Based on the above background...

In this paper, we present an interactive texture-based method for visualizing three-dimensional unsteady vector fields. The visualization method uses a sparse and global representation of the flow, such that it does not suffer from the same perceptual issues as is the case for visualizing dense representations. The animation is made by injecting a collection of particles evenly distributed throughout the physical domain. These particles are then tracked along their path lines. At each time step, these particles are used as seed points to generate field lines using any vector field such as the velocity field or vorticity field. In this way, the animation shows the advection of particles while each frame in the animation shows the instantaneous vector field. In order to maintain a coherent particle density and to avoid clustering as time passes, we have developed a novel particle advection strategy which produces approximately evenly-spaced field lines at each time step. To improve rendering performance, we decouple the rendering stage from the preceding stages of the visualization method. This allows interactive exploration of multiple fields simultaneously, which sets the stage for a more complete analysis of the flow field. The final display is rendered using texture-based direct volume rendering.

Fluid Documents use animated typographical changes to provide a novel and appealing user experience for hypertext browsing and for viewing document annotations in context. This paper describes an effort to broaden the utility of Fluid Documents by using the open hypermedia Arakne Environment to layer fluid annotations and links on top of arbitrary HTML pages on the World Wide Web. Changes to both Fluid Documents and Arakne are required.

The modality effect occurs when people learn better from a combination of pictures and narration than from a combination of pictures and written text. Despite the strong empirical results in earlier studies, the modality effect has been less prominent in later studies of children in learner-paced settings. However, the generalizability of these results in practice may be limited because the studies included notable differences compared to a classroom context. The present study examined the modality effect in a learner-paced classroom context. In a within-subjects experiment, fifth graders learned from illustrated texts and videos and completed pre-, post-, and delayed tests on two science topics. The video group outperformed the illustrated text group in retention, delayed retention, cognitive load, and efficiency measures but there were no statistical differences in transfer. In both learning conditions, the cognitive load was moderate and did not correlate with any learning outcomes. The results suggest that while the modality effect can occur in a learner-paced classroom context, it may not be based on the avoidance of cognitive overload. Alternative explanations concerning the differences in settings and materials between classroom contexts and modality effect research are discussed.

This paper introduces the Interactive Power Electronics Seminar-iPES-a new software for teaching a basic course on power electronic circuits and systems. iPES is constituted by HTML text with Java-applets for interactive animation, circuit design and simulation and visualization of electromagnetic fields and does comprise an easy-to-use self-explaining graphical user interface. The software does need just a standard web-browser, i.e. no installations are required. iPES can be accessed via the World Wide Web or from a CD-ROM i n a stand-alone PC by students and professionals. Since the Java applets are simple to handle, a student can immediately start working and can fully concentrate on the theory of a problem. Due to the underlying software technology iPES is very flexible and can be used for on-line learning and easily integrated into an e-learning platform. The aim of this paper is to give an introduction to the iPESproject and to show different areas covered. The e-learning software as presented at the conference is available at no costs at www.ipes.ethz.ch in English, German, Japanese and Korean. More translations, e.g. into Spanish and French will be available soon. The project is still under development and the web page is continuously updated in four-week intervals.

This paper introduces a new software tool "iPES-Interactive Power Electronics Seminar" for teaching and self-studying power electronics. iPES consists of HTML text where Java-applets (small programs) are inserted which are used for interactive animation and simulation of power electronic circuits and electrical machines. The whole tool does need just a standard web-browser and is fully independent of the underlying operating system. No software installation is required, and all interactive Java programs are written with the focus on very easy usage. The tool is available at www.ipes.ethz.ch in English, German and Japanese, can be accessed via the World Wide Web or used with a CD-ROM in a stand-alone PC.