Integrated Project Delivery

The 2014 update of this note is now available at http://bit.ly/LPS-5cc — 

On the basis of research they did to improve construction productivity in the 1980s, Glenn Ballard and Greg Howell created The Last Planner  System (LPS) to improve the predictability and reliability of construction production.
Last Planner manages the relationships, conversations and commitments that together enable program & production planning decisions to be made collaboratively at the lowest possible level in a whole range of one-off production settings — software development, ship-building, yacht fit-out, construction and other examples of one-off production. With adaptations, LPS works in new product development and design too. 
Last Planner is a short-term project planning system first used in engineering construction 20 years ago.  It continues to create significant improvements in project & program safety, predictability, productivity, speed of delivery, profit and feelings of wellbeing among project staff.  LPS offers a realistic way to collaboratively manage project-based production, enables issues to be identified and resolved before they become problems on-site and increases the chances that work will flow and projects be completed on time.  It is a vital link between logistics and building assembly teams.  That’s why more and more companies are making it part of their standard procedure for project delivery.
In construction, for example, Last Planner promotes conversations between trade foremen and site-management at appropriate levels of detail, and before issues become critical.  These conversations increase the chances that work flows and recognises that personal relationships and peer pressure are critical to that process.
Over the last two decades Last Planner has evolved. It has become associated with new theory, some details have changed and others clarified.  This process will and should continue.  As when making any supposed improvement, the change should be benchmarked against pre-change performance so as to be able to answer the question “is this change an improvement”. ""

During the 1990s, integrative (interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary) approaches gained increasing importance for rural landscape studies and numbers of such projects rose. However, it is not clear, what funding agencies expect from integrative projects, how researchers make them operational and what their outputs are. To identify policy expectations and research practice, we did a literature review and conducted standardised interviews with funding agencies, researchers, and project leaders. Results revealed that funding agencies have varying understandings of interdisciplinarity. They set up interdisciplinary programs not primarily to achieve scientific progress but to solve societal and environmental problems. Regarding publication output, peer-reviewed papers are preferred before research reports. Funding agencies seldom give practical advice to projects on how to meet their demands. Researchers frame project objectives in terms of their problem solving capacity. Although perceiving lack of common operational understanding of interdisciplinarity as a problem, researchers do not arrive at a common terminology. As barriers to integration we identified the spatial distance between researchers, project meetings, and management problems. Researchers perceive a tension between the applied character of the projects and the scientific expectations placed on them. Funding-agencies' expectations are hardly known to researchers. We recommend greater dialogue between funding agencies and researchers especially regarding interdisciplinary objectives, problems and solutions. We suggest paying greater attention to the organisation and management of research to assure the necessary support for integrative research teams.

Concerns on the efficiency of design-bid-build have promoted the development and use of alternative project
delivery methods and other techniques that have improved performance in other industries. Despite the significance of
relationships for the delivery of projects, there still remains a lot to be done in this area. The objective of this research is
to identify the core values of relationship management and investigate how they are affected by design-bid-build and designbuild
project delivery methods. Based on four cases studied, the research finds that relationships between project parties are
dynamic and may change from project to project and that design-build projects have better relationships compared to designbid-
build projects. Relationships between parties can be improved by employing the core values of relationship management
throughout the project supply chain.

The 2014 update of this note is now available at http://bit.ly/LPS-5cc — 

The Last Planner System (LPS) manages the relationships, conversations and commitments that together enable program & production planning decisions to be made collaboratively at the lowest possible level in a whole range of one-off production settings — software development, ship-building, yacht fit-out, one-off manufacture, design and construction.

Benefits are discussed followed by a brief outline of the Last Planner System (LPS) and the five key conversations within it. The note continues with a brief discussion of Last Planner in design, learning Last Planner and concludes with a summary.

One of the few tools to be mentioned explicitly in the UK Rethinking Construction (Egan) report in 1998, LPS became required practice for all BAA projects from 1999 and subsequently by other clients such as Waitrose in UK and Sutter Health and others in the US.

With adaptations, LPS works in design. Some elements have been used to plan the delivery of tenders and to plan the work to be done in phases of PFI/PPP projects leading up to financial close.""

Integrated Project Delivery is an emerging delivery system in which participants' success is dependent on collaboration among key parties. Developing and maintaining such a collaborative environment is not easy and requires continuous team assessment and improvement. Although much research highlighted that collaboration is a critical requirement in IPD, only few research has focused on collaboration assessment and improvement. A proactive and real-time collaboration assessment helps to make sure a project is healthy from the standpoint of collaboration and also reflect bottlenecks and required actions to improve collaboration. To fill this gap in research, this paper comprehensively reviews the literature in construction and nonconstruction research to collect indicators, and develop a framework of metrics for assessing collaboration within IPD. This study investigates traits of collaboration within IPD and links them with respective metrics to shape the framework. Development of this framework is the first step for more comprehensive research on aspects of proactive collaboration assessment within IPD. It can also be used in professional practice to interpret collaboration level and effectiveness in IPD projects.

The present report summarises the research outcomes from SBEnrc Project 2.24 Integrated Project Environments: Productivity Gain through Industry Transformation. It is based on three in-depth reports available at www.sbenrc.com.au
(i) Research Report 1 – Towards a National Strategy;
(ii) Research Report 2 – Document Review; and
(iii) Research Report 3 – Reducing the Skills Gap.

This project aims to deliver on five important areas:
(i) Recommendations for policy makers for a nationally consistent strategy for adoption of integrated project environments (which also aligns as far as possible with international BIM standards and processes).
(ii) Recommendations for modifications of current procurement and contractual framework to allow more collaborative and building information modelling (BIM) enabled project environments.
(iii) Development of a dissemination strategy to different levels of the supply chain through our work with organisations such as CCF, EA and Austroads, as well as through our partner organisations and SBEnrc media resources (e.g. YouTube channel and industry publications).
(iv) Build an understanding of knowledge dissemination and skills development required to facilitate increased uptake of digital technologies and integrated project delivery (IPD).
(v) Explore the role of a consensus-driven peak body to coordinate uptake of BIM and IPD in the Australian construction industry.
The uptake of integrated project environments will play a critical role in fostering Australian competitiveness in the future. This research was based on strong collaboration between industry, government and researchers both in Australia and internationally.
This report addresses the first and last of these objectives, and provides a discussion of six key themes identified as relevant to the development of national strategy for IPD and BIM uptake: (i) lead agent role; (ii) client role; (iii) mandates; (iv) pilot projects; (v) metrics; and (vi) standards.
These issues are considered relevant to a national strategy for adoption of integrated project environments in that:
(i) The development of such a strategy will require the leadership and coordination of lead agents, and engagement with lead industry associations is important in the dissemination and industry leadership.
(ii) The primary transport infrastructure clients are state and territory government agencies. As such, these organisations are in a unique position to influence the uptake of new technologies and processes.
(iii) Pilot projects have the capacity to build a knowledge base especially in terms of productivity benefits and processes associated with the uptake of BIM and IPD.
(iv) A national mandate has been shown, by international comparators, to provide the industry with the incentive and consistency to invest in the development a pipeline of coordinated actions.
(v) Building consensus on standard performance indicators and metrics to prove the business value of BIM and IPD in terms of project, business and industry-wide benefits.
(vi) The development of national standards provides a consistent framework for uptake that increases productive and reduces industry cost.
Mapping the relevant industry peak bodies in Australia and Sweden provided evidence for the identification of the role and impact of different organisations on the uptake of new information technologies in the transport infrastructure industry. This led to the development of a set of milestones for IPD and BIM adoption in Australia based on current activity and showing the domino effect that each action would have on the industry.

Graphical abstract Abstract The Malaysian government has taken the initiative of implementing Industrialised Building System (IBS) in which components are manufactured in mass production under a controlled environment (on or off site), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site works. It is hope that IBS can improve the performance of construction industry. However, the main barriers in IBS implementation is project delivery process. In order to overcome this barrier, 'Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)' as a project delivery system using a multi-party contract (more than two parties selected) was introduced. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is defined as a project delivery approach that integrates people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all project participants to optimise the results, increase value to the owner, reduce waste, and maximize efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication and construction. Although, many researchers have argue the importance of IPD in project delivery process, but the readiness of construction industries must be established. This research will use a quantitative study. This quantitative research process will involve a few phases including literature review stage, data collection stage, framework development stage, validation and recommendation stage. As the aim of this research is to obtain data based on multidisciplinary IBS stakeholders' perspectives, respondent include project managers, resident engineers, and architects, contractors etc. are among the potential candidates. At the end of the process, this research will develops the readiness assessment model to implement IPD in IBS construction projects.

The knowledge and deepening of the Lean Construction methodology, as well as its practical application in the construction industry in Spain, can produce great benefits and the general improvement of a process that continues to be anchored in anachronistic procedures for too long. It is necessary to divulge this methodology with greater intensity, so that once known, and with its positive effects in the matter of the Triple Constraint: Cost, time and quality, proven in other countries, will be applied in a generalized way in ours. We look at this article in a technique belonging to Lean Construction: Target Value Design. Like many other techniques Lean parts from its application in Toyota, in this case of Target Cost, and was used in the 70s by Taiichi Ohno with the name of Genka Kikaku, producing very good results for the Company in the matter of productivity and profitability. As with other Toyota Production System techniques, it was later incorporated to Lean Construction as Target Value Design to bring greater Value to the customer within a fixed Cost. We will see how the Target Cost can become the center of the project and the construction of the building to reach the values required by the client.

This research is focused on realizing productivity benefits for the delivery of
transport infrastructure in the Australian construction industry through the use of building
information modeling (BIM), virtual design and construction (VDC) and integrated project
delivery (IPD). Specific objectives include: (I) building an understanding of the institutional
environment, business systems and support mechanisms (e.g., training and skilling) which
impact on the uptake of BIM/VDC; (II) gathering data to undertake a cross-country
analysis of these environments; and (III) providing strategic and practical outcomes to guide
the uptake of such processes in Australia. Activities which will inform this research include
a review of academic literature and industry documentation, semi-formal interviews in
Australia and Sweden, and a cross-country comparative analysis to determine factors
affecting uptake and associated productivity improvements. These activities will seek to
highlight the gaps between current-practice and best-practice which are impacting on
widespread adoption of BIM/VDC and IPD. Early findings will be discussed with intended
outcomes of this research being used to: inform a national public procurement strategy;
provide guidelines for new contractual frameworks; and contribute to closing skill gaps.

The Malaysian construction industry is a significant contributor to the nation’s economy, due to rapid development of infrastructures in Malaysia. However, there are still issues with the aspects of procurement and management within the construction industry in Malaysia, that can be improved to be more efficient and more cost saving. At present, the wastage from construction industry is drowning billions of Ringgit into
nothing. This paper will look into the physical and non physical wastage from construction projects. The waste that can be avoided with a good management system such as value management (VM), concurrent engineering (CE) and integrated project delivery (IPD) will also be discussed in this paper. Accordingly, this paper highlights how IPD can be a platform for cost saving and reducing the waste in the construction industry, by considering each the characteristic of IPD as a system within the construction process. This paper concludes with highlighting how IPD principles can be adapted in current construction processes to reduce waste and improve the project team efficiency.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) can be described as the digital representation of functional characteristics of an asset, creating a shared knowledge resource for information throughout the buildings life cycle.

The premise of BIM (amongst many other benefits) is that it greatly improves the coordination and collaboration amongst team members in design and construction of an asset.

So what does this mean for MEP consultants and contractors?
Mechanical, Electrical and Public Health Engineering (MEP) can make up to 60% of the construction cost of an asset. The task of spatial coordination has become a major challenge due to the complexities of the various systems involved. Inherent inefficiencies in the spatial coordination of MEP systems has existed for many years, largely due to the two dimensional
process it uses. This research attempted to see if the 3D element of BIM improves this process.
From the research carried out it is clear that the BIM tools available to carry out 3D MEP coordination have greatly improved the efficiency of the process. No research was found that suggested the onset of BIM had anything other than a positive effect on MEP spatial coordination.

However, there is still some work to be done in convincing all members of the MEP industry of the benefits of BIM. Coordination tools are just the start.

Projects in the US and UK that used Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) with Target Value Design (TVD) were brought in as much as 19 percent below market cost and expected costs actually fell as design and construction progressed. Here Alan Mossman, Glenn Ballard and Christine Pasquire describe some of these projects, outline why the underlying ideas are applicable more widely and suggest further research

The growing demand for integrative (interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary) approaches in the field of environmental and landscape change has increased the number of PhD students working in this area. Yet, the motivations to join integrative projects and the challenges for PhD students have so far not been investigated. The aims of this paper were to identify the understanding of PhD students with regard to integrative research, their motivations to join integrative projects, their expectations in terms of integration and results, and to reveal the challenges they face in integrative projects. We collected data by a questionnaire survey of 104 PhD students attending five PhD Master Classes held from 2003 to 2006. We used manual content analysis to analyse the free-text answers. The results revealed that students lack a differentiated understanding of integrative approaches. The main motivations to join integrative projects were the dissertation subject, the practical relevance of the project, the intellectual stimulation of working with different disciplines, and the belief that integrative research is more innovative. Expectations in terms of integration were high. Core challenges for integration included intellectual and external challenges such as lack of knowledge of other disciplines, knowledge transfer, reaching depth, supervision, lack of exchange with other students and time demands. To improve the situation for PhD students, we suggest improving knowledge on integrative approaches, balancing practical applicability with theoretical advancement, providing formal introductions to other fields of research, and enhancing institutional support for integrative PhD projects.

Purpose: This research aims to clarify that while integrated project delivery (IPD) methods can be momenta for restructuring architectural practice, they do not predetermine specific patterns of restructuration for the roles, responsibilities, and services of architects.

Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on a multiple case-study design; two IPD projects were theoretically sampled and studied. The data collection methods included semi-structured interviews and observations. An inductive data analysis approach was applied to frame the phenomena, conduct cross-case comparisons, and develop propositions.

Findings: While IPD implementations set expectations for new structures for practices, it is the project participants’ situated decisions that lead to the restructuration of some dimensions of architectural practice. The dimensions in this study included (1) team formation, (2) design leadership and collaboration, and (3) architectural services. IPD project participants locally changed and redefined conventional roles, responsibilities, and project artifacts (e.g. drawings, models) that concerned design development and coordination.

Practical implications: IPD context, by itself, does not pre-determine a fixed pattern of change in establishing designers’ roles, responsibilities, and services because restructuration is highly negotiated amongst the IPD parties and can lead to different responses to this contractual setting. Contracts set expectations for collaborative behavior, but the fulfillment of these expectations is situated and emerging as project participants negotiate to develop practices.

Originality/value: While IPD research and guidelines aim to provide recipes for IPD implementation, this study contributes to the body of knowledge by clarifying that IPD is a context in which unprecedented ways of practice restructuration could emerge.

In the AEC industry, Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a contractual paradigm shift that encourages project parties to change the nature of their relationships by sharing risks and rewards through integration and collaboration in design and construction processes. Through its ever-increasing application, IPD has changed roles, responsibilities, and participation of architects and design firms in projects. While the existing literature has shown how an IPD context is different from traditional project delivery methods, very little research has focused on the changes integrated practices are causing in the architectural domain. To fill this gap, we review prior research to identify, extract, and report perceptions of integrated practices and their impact on architectural practice and compare these to IPD concepts and definitions. The main goal of this study is to offer some important insights into often unnoticed and non-obvious changes in architects’ roles and influence in integrated practices. The study examines four thematic comparisons between existing literature and IPD definitions in collaboration processes, project leadership and management, means and methods of team communication, and risks and liabilities. From these comparisons, we conclude that integrated practices have changed architects’ roles and responsibilities in terms of design leadership, design decision making, contractual transactions, and design control of architectural quality. The implications for architectural practice are considered by addressing risks and opportunities. The outcomes of IPD in terms of the concerns of architects and industry participants’ perceptions deserve to be addressed by how integrated practices are defined, promoted, and advanced through the AEC industry.

This article reports lessons learned from the case of an international post-merger integration project in the private banking sector. It raises the challenges that were met, describes the methodology and the tools used to manage the process, and highlights the factors that led to success. This experience suggests that successful integration management mainly rests upon capabilities in communication, organization and

The Indian construction industry is in need for a change; a change that can help its people and organizations discard the conventional project management approach of 'Command and control'; a change that can create better collaboration between project teams and reduce blame games. Lean construction and the Last Planner System™ is a potent and proven solution that offers the change. This paper suggests/proposes an approach for an organizational lean transformation. The approach is based on real life experience of the authors working with both Owner and Contractor organizations. The approach is based on building experience in lean tools at the site level that can be scaled across projects as a bottoms-up model. This is complemented with a top down approach that builds awareness, empathy, and knowledge at the leadership level. Together, the goal is to build capability and confidence in the organization to adopt and adapt lean into the organization. This paper explains in detail about the program and evolution of it from Indian experience. The authors will share their experience and their learning making the change in organizations. They will share the successes and the limitations of the approach.

Building on research from the past two academic years and papers presented as a result of that research this paper is based on additional research and added variables to test the viability of collaborative studios between Architecture (ARC), Building Construction Science (BCS) and Interior Design (ID) students.  The studios explored are based on three different collaborative methods.  The first method is a three-week charette teaming students from ARC, BCS, and ID.  The second method is a semester-long studio where collaboration was limited to ARC and BCS students who were physically separated and then came together for set assignments determined by the faculty.  The third method pairs the first two methods to co-habitate the ARC and BCS students to encourage better collaboration in addition to modified assignments based on lessons learned from past collaborations.

The variables between each studio include number of studio iterations, collaboration time, co-habitation of each collaboration, varying faculty for each iteration, and year-level/experience level of the students.  Consistencies on pedagogy from each studio were both preconceived and also developed over the length of the studio exploration and will be discussed in more depth and detail in the following paper.

The collaborations will be analyzed based on data collected from all prior collaborative studios.  The three-week charette studio collected data via a variety of surveys conducted over the three weeks of the studio, which included both quantitative and qualitative data.  The semester long studio will use data from two surveys conducted during the semester to gauge student perceptions and information learned.  This data will then be consolidated to garner successes and failures to move forward into the third iteration of both studios to improve the collaboration for the upcoming studios, as well as future iterations.

I am researching equitable and socially just teaching practices when using technology for the mathematical learning of disadvantaged and marginalised students in junior secondary school. Using data gathered from teacher interviews and a meeting of teachers, I present a case study of one teachers ’ practice. The case suggests that there are some equity considerations for the use of an integrated project approach to teaching mathematics and that whole class problem solving with technology can provide access to mathematical ideas when students have limited access or skills with technology. Introduction and Background In this paper I report on the first stage of a project to document equitable and socially just teaching practices when using digital technologies for the learning of mathematics in the junior secondary years. Research on the use of digital technologies in mathematics teaching and learning

The productivity of the construction sector in Spain is very low, as compared to other economic sectors, as with other countries in our environment. It takes us to a deep reflection on whether we are doing things right and what improvements can we introduce to increase production. These improvements must necessarily be technological and methodological, since there is a good training of the equipment both at the managerial level, as well as at the technical and in most of the labour levels, it is to exploit the full potential of new IT tools, especially Building Information Modelling (BIM) and the new methodologies that, from the industry, look for greater efficiency of the process and the elimination of all type of losses, like Lean Construction. A change of mentality, necessary to rethink the way of work in which we have been working for so many centuries, as the only possible paradigm, to replace confrontation as a way of producing construction through collaboration between all the agents involved in the work. We will speak in this article about Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), as one of the Lean methodologies that enable a profound improvement, we will see its definition, its essential components, and how it application can positively influence the construction process in Spain as it has already demonstrated in others.

As integrated project delivery continues to gain prominence, educators need to adjust their traditional teaching approaches to prepare students for the interdisciplinary collaboration they will encounter in their professions. This paper explains the process and outcome of the second year of a sponsored, annual, two-week long interdisciplinary design competition among architecture, building construction science and interior design students at Mississippi State University. The competition is intended to explore the roles of each discipline in an integrated project delivery situation. Students were placed in interdisciplinary teams of four to five students, with at least one  student from each discipline per team. Teams were asked to develop proposals for converting existing housing on Mississippi State University’s campus into an eco-village. In order to measure the students’ knowledge and perception of integrated project delivery, and how it may have changed throughout the competition, qualitative and quantitative data was collected in the form of student surveys taken at the outset, twice during, and at the conclusion of the competition.

: Using a 3-tier framework for a study of the acquisition of an Advance Military Vehicle (AMV), we explore the shaping of the buyer-supplier relationship in the context of the United Kingdom's defense acquisition process. This relationship encompasses the Ministry of Defence (MoD), a monopsonist, partnering with a monopolistic defense industry. The transition from an oligopolistic to monopolistic defense industry is the result of a number of government policies that have created a consolidated defense industrial base. Defense industry relationships have historically been adversarial, making defense acquisition in the past inefficient. We identify Integrated Project Teams (IPTs) as being central to the institutional level aims of creating a collaborative industrial relation. IPTs characterize relational contracting practices at the governance level, which demands communication, collaboration, and trust. However, difficulties at the process level in utilizing relational contractin...

... This analyti-cal design aims to integrate the top-down data and indicator based model-ling with a bottom-up, value driven participatory ... The SIAT tool, which is a translation of the analytical architecture of SENSOR into a decision support system, will help policy makers to com ...

I am researching equitable and socially just teaching practices when using technology for the mathematical learning of disadvantaged and marginalised students in junior secondary school. Using data gathered from teacher interviews and a meeting of teachers, I present a case study of one teachers' practice. The case suggests that there are some equity considerations for the use of an integrated project approach to teaching mathematics and that whole class problem solving with technology can provide access to mathematical ideas when students have limited access or skills with technology.

This paper is a synthesis of contributions to the project of implantation of Competitive Intelligence Nuclei in Santa Catarina, Brazil. These Nuclei will be coordinated by UFSC, UDESC and UNISUL universities, as an integrated project linking the academic research to the social-economic reality. The projects of the Nucleus will focuse the Strategic Management of Knowledge area, particularly in the Competitive Intelligence field. The main purpose of this study is to develop an organizational model as a descriptive tool for future diagnosis. The model is an adaptation of a competitive and management research led by the MIT at the end of the eighties. The competitive models and structures are very close to the knowledge management studies, mainly in the strategic dimension. The model has five dimensions: structure, strategy, technology, management process, and individuals and their scripts. The environment was described by means of a socioeconomics and technological approach, which took in consideration the organizational culture. The organization is described in a knowledge-based approach to cope with a knowledge-based environment in the information era.

This paper aims to present the interdisciplinary interactions between design students (Master in Product and Industrial Design-MDIP) and engineering students (Integrated Master in Environmental Engineering-MIEA) at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), Portugal, through the development of an academic project based on the environmental sustainability pillar. The experience reported here includes a description of the project methodology, shared information, tools used in the analysis, and results obtained in quantifying and assessing the environmental impacts of the product. The outcome was an extra motivation to learn and incorporate environmental concerns in design. With this experience, students could understand the importance of the interdisciplinary methodology to develop rigorous projects to more environmental sound products.

... This analyti-cal design aims to integrate the top-down data and indicator based model-ling with a bottom-up, value driven participatory ... The SIAT tool, which is a translation of the analytical architecture of SENSOR into a decision support system, will help policy makers to com ...

Purpose-This paper targets the development of comprehensive approaches to prequalifying teams for Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). Approach & Findings-Research outcomes from a study into 'relationally integrated project teams' (RIPTs) were applied to necessarily longer term PPP scenarios. A force field model was developed to visualise the importance of stronger relational forces between the many PPP participants for 'sustainable RIPTs' (SRITs). A framework was conceptualised to show linkages from relational contracting approaches, through sustainable relationships to sustainable infrastructure. This framework and a basic model for evaluating relational performance were assessed by a panel of international PPP experts. The results encouraged the collection of factors facilitating successful relationships to build the proposed knowledge base. Literature review and initial interviews provide examples of priorities and lessons learned in relationship building in ongoing PPPs. Research and Paper Limitations-Being an integrative theory-building type exercise bringing together relational contracting, teambuilding and PPP performance research streams, this paper summarises and refers to, rather than provides details of, feeder research. Fleshing out the conceptual framework and model will next proceed beyond the initial testing and sample knowledge elements conveyed herein. Practical Implications-Selecting good teams is essential for successful projects, and more so for PPP projects, given their complexities and longer timeframes. Increasing reliance on PPPs for infrastructure development and asset management enhances this significance. Originality/Value-Synergies are derived from linking relationship-building and sustainability thrusts in the context of PPP performance. Concepts of 'sustainable relationships' and 'sustainsivity' (sensitivity to sustainability issues) are introduced.

Edson Pinheiro de Lima Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção – PPGEP/UFSC – e-mail: [email protected] Laboratório de Automação e Sistemas – LAS/PUC-PR – e-mail: [email protected] ... Sandra Leandro Pereira Programa de ...

Research in the INTELS project has revealed that many integrative (= interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary) landscape projects frequently face similar challenges. There are, however, few guidelines available to help projects avoid common problems. In this chapter, we present what we consider the ten most important steps towards successful integrative research projects. We define successful projects as those that reach integration and project goals, produce tangible outcomes, contribute to progress in integrative research and provide positive experiences for their participants. In order to reach success, we recommend that projects are specifically organized to reach integration through the development of an Integration Implementation Plan. Projects should identify a common research question and clear project goals; these will identify the relevant disciplinary expertise needed. Because

The dissimilarity between principal contractor and contractor organisations under CDM 2007 can often be over measured. In an effort to clearly distinguish the two, so as to understand the role of principal contractor as part of an on-going study, inevitable gaps emerge which invite further research into practice and procedure. Based on a desk research and three (3) focus group meetings with industry experts, it is established through a qualitative inquiry that the principal contractor contributes considerably to the successful implementation of CDM regulations during and after the construction phase. Crucial to this process are the legal and contractual obligations
stipulating health and safety requirements before and during the construction phase regulation 23(1)(a). In order to successfully deliver the construction phase plan, critical to this process yet underestimated are key procedures such as appointment criteria, performance measurement and liability for instance which are hardly mentioned in the CDM 2007 or the practice guidance notes. Clearly, contractors are bound to coordinate numerous activities on construction sites let alone managing health, safety and welfare of employees in accordance with section two (2) of the Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA)1974 and part 4 of the CDM 2007 duties relating to health and safety on construction sites. Providing explicit terms of engagement and carefully executed procedures such as appointments can enhance overall health and safety management through construction phase plans. The
conclusions of the study therefore suggest further areas of research alluded to above consistent with the literature review and regulation 4(1)(b), 5(1)(2), 6 and 22 - 24.

Key words: CDM regulations, construction phase plan, health and safety management, principal contractor.

Professional development programmed can improve the effectiveness and capability of the contractor. A well organized development programme is a critical strategy for construction companies. In coming years, professional development was increasingly playing a significant role in organizational success. Based on the literature and previous research, the study explores the correlation professional development in employee training and motivation practices with task improvement in construction project. It is anticipated that the discussion of these factors will provide a basis for future strategies to promote the development of construction industry and also provide a useful reference for other industry which face similar problems in promoting the applications of professional construction project management in the construction industry. Professional development programmed had gone through the necessary project management training and sufficient knowledge, skills and experience to manage a project successfully.

Outbursts of nationalism and partisan squabbles generated by the current economic and migration crisis in Europe suggest an unraveling of the integration project and a resurgence of the international anarchy associated with the Westphalian system. However, this article will show that the evolving system bears a closer resemblance to the Europe of the Middle Ages than to the Europe that

This paper looks at current BIM adoption overseas vis-à-vis the Malaysian BIM scenario. Issues in BIM usage to be addressed by the industry are discussed. The benefits of adopting BIM for Quantity Surveyors (QS) are numerous and the strategies to pave the way for its adoption are made known. The broad frameworks for reviewing the foreign BIM codes and standards; assessment of priority research areas and their impact; re-engineering systems and processes in the project chain for BIM are explained. The caveats for implementation are visited to provide a balanced view of IT initiatives. New roles for the QS as cost modellers or value modellers from project inception are envisaged.

/ Integrative (interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary) landscape research projects are becoming increasingly common. As a result, researchers are spending a larger proportion of their professional careers doing integrative work, participating in shifting interdisciplinary teams, and cooperating directly with non-academic participants. Despite the growing importance of integrative research, few studies have investigated researchersÕ experiences in these projects. How do researchers perceive the outcomes of integrative projects, or career effects? Do they view the projects generally as successes or failures? This study

We report the preliminary results of PrestoPRIME, an EU FP7 integrated project, including audiovisual (AV) archives, academics and industrial partners, focused on long-term digital preservation of AV media objects and on ways to increase access by integrating media archives with European on-line digital libraries, specifically Europeana. Project outcomes will result in tools and services to ensure the permanence of digital AV content in archives, libraries, museums and other collections, enabling long-term future access in dynamically changing contexts. PrestoPRIME has a special focus on digital preservation in broadcast environments, where very large files of digital video must be preserved at high quality (suitable for future re-use in an AV production environment) in affordable distributed and federated archives. The adoption of standard solutions for digital preservation processes (metadata representation, content storage, digital rights government, search and access) enables the interoperability of the proposed preservation framework and guidelines. OAIS model was chosen for the reference architecture, METS is adopted as wrapper for metadata representation, while relevant standards (e.g. W3C, ISO/IEC and others) are used for content and rights description. Project outcomes will be delivered through a European networked Competence Centre, to gather knowledge and deliver advanced digital preservation advice and services in conjunction with Europeana and other initiatives.

Forensic odontology is the branch of forensics that deals with human identification based on dental features. In this paper, we present a system for automating that process by identifying people from dental X-ray images. Given a dental image of a postmortem (PM), the proposed system retrieves the best matches from an antemortem (AM) database. The system automatically segments dental X-ray images into individual teeth and extracts the contour of each tooth. Features are extracted from each tooth and are used for retrieval. We developed a new method for teeth separation based on integral projection. We also developed a new method for representing and matching teeth contours using signature vectors obtained at salient points on the contours of the teeth. During retrieval, the AM radiographs that have signatures closer to the PM are found and presented to the user. Matching scores are generated based on the distance between the signature vectors of AM and PM teeth. Experimental results on a small database of dental radiographs are encouraging.

Graphical abstract Abstract The Malaysian government has taken the initiative of implementing Industrialised Building System (IBS) in which components are manufactured in mass production under a controlled environment (on or off site), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site works. It is hope that IBS can improve the performance of construction industry. However, the main barriers in IBS implementation is project delivery process. In order to overcome this barrier, 'Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)' as a project delivery system using a multi-party contract (more than two parties selected) was introduced. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is defined as a project delivery approach that integrates people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all project participants to optimise the results, increase value to the owner, reduce waste, and maximize efficienc...

An aircraft measurement campaign involving the Russian high-altitude aircraft M55 Geophysica and the German DLR Falcon was conducted in Darwin, Australia in November and December 2005 as part of the European integrated project SCOUT-O3. The overall objectives of the campaign were to study the transport of trace gases through the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), mechanisms of dehydration close to the tropopause, and the role of deep convection in these processes. In this paper a detailed roadmap of the campaign is presented, including rationales for each flight, and an analysis of the local and large-scale meteorological context in which they were embedded. The campaign took place during the pre-monsoon season which is characterized by a pronounced diurnal evolution of deep convection including a mesoscale system over the Tiwi Islands north of Darwin known as "Hector". This allowed studying in detail the role of deep convection in structuring the tropical tropopause region, in situ sampling convective overshoots above storm anvils, and probing the structure of anvils and cirrus clouds by Lidar and a suite of in situ instruments onboard the two aircraft. The large-scale flow during the first half of the campaign was such that local flights, away from convection, sam

Aquatic Invasions is an electronic open-access journal focusing on biological invasions in European inland and coastal waters and potential donor areas of aquatic invasive species for Europe. The journal, established in 2006 as an initiative of the European Research Network on Aquatic Invasive Species (ERNAIS), with start-up funding from the EC FP6 Integrated Project ALARM, provides the opportunity for timely

A new approach of Integrated Design and Delivery Solutions (IDDS) aims to radically improve the performance of the construction industries. IDDS builds upon recent trends in the construction industries that has seen the widespread adoption of technologies such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and innovative processes such as Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). However, these innovations are seen to develop in isolation, with little consideration of the overarching interactions between people, process and technology. The IDDS approach is holistic in that it recognises that it is only through a combination of initiatives such as skill development, process reengineering, responsive information technology, enhanced interoperability and integrating knowledge management, amongst others, that radical change can be achieved. To implement IDDS requires step changes in many project aspects and this gap between current performance and that required for IDDS is highlighted. The research required to bridge the gaps is identified in four major aspects of collaborative processes, workforce skills, integrated information, and knowledge management.

One of the main stages of the ontology authoring process is the adoption of the appropriate specifications to ensure that the ontology structure and design adheres to a set of common best practices. Existing ontology authoring tools on the one hand, mainly support ontology editing operations as well as visualization facilities. These tools allow the design and implementation of new

BIM technology has become a perceptive design process that adds worth across the entire building lifecycle. It can handle each and every aspect of the project lifecycle, right from design, documentation to manufacturing and field support. A Building Information Model (BIM) can develop a holistic 3D model to design, construct and maintain a building project. It also uses a 4D, 5D and 6D information structure, to handle the construction schedule (4D), track projects (5D), as well as facility management (6D). Creating Digital Models A normal workflow would include the designing of multiple models which are completed, the need of a single digital model is required for the physical representation of a building. All the elements need to be an ensemble for Integrated Project Delivery. The projects that are handed over with a classical model in terms of design-bid-build methodology require the design of multiple models, one would be for design and the other would be for construction purposes.