Industrial Relations

Following a period of almost obsessive academic attention in the 1980s, in the early 1990s the concept of corporatism fell from favor, as its explanatory powers appeared to wane and the Keynesian welfare systems under which it had flourished apparently fell into decline. In the late 1990s, a new interest in corporatism emerged, in line with new patterns of concertation and corporatist behavior in some unexpected places-countries in which the institutional basis for collaborative, bargained methods of policy making and conflict resolution seemed distinctly unpromising. We review the extensive literature on corporatism since the 1970s and consider its applicability in the contemporary period. We argue that an excessively structural-functionalist interpretation of corporatism led many wrongly to predict its demise as a form of policy making, and that an understanding of its persistence and new manifestations today must resurrect and strengthen some early, recently neglected insights into processes of political exchange.

This study explores labour relations in Turkey under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (JDP) in the first ten years of the twenty-first century. Labour policies followed by the JDP, which is conservative in terms of socio-cultural policy and liberal in terms of economic policy, bring to unionization a government stance that may be defined as authoritarian flexibilization, that is, flexibility in labour policies in the government’s favour, but at the expense of the worker. The JDP has deepened the neoliberal heritage and experience of the period after the 1980s by appropriating them for its own anti-labour purposes. The JDP’s effort to institutionalize flexibility in terms of both labour legislation and actual labour relations has actually resulted in an adversial attitude toward unionisation. The party has accomplished this goal by merging its conservative roots with its neoliberal tendency. As a result, unionisation has significantly decreased under JDP rule. In this study, the roots and basic characteristics of labour policies in the period of the JDP are discussed, based upon an examination of individual and collective labour relations.

This book offers an in-depth overview of Turkish history and politics essential for understanding contemporary Turkey. It presents an analysis on a number of key issues from gender inequality to Islamism to urban regeneration. Based on interviews with leading intellectuals and academics from Turkey, the book’s theme follows the dramatic transformations that have occurred from the 1980 military coup to the coup attempt of 2016 and its aftermath. It further draws attention to the global flows of capital, goods, ideas, and technologies that continue to influence both mainstream and dissident politics. By doing so, the book tries to unsettle the assumption that Erdoğan and his Islamic ideology are the sole actors in contemporary Turkey. This book provides unusual insight into the Turkish society bringing various topics together, and increases the dialogue for people interested in democratic struggles in 21st century under neoliberal authoritarian regimes in general

1960’ların sonrası, 12 Eylül’ün öncesi, kimilerine göre yitik ve karanlık bir “ara dönem”… Türkiye’nin 1970’li yıllarını merak edenler için detaylı ve aydınlatıcı bir başucu kitabı.

•12 Mart Muhtırası, Anayasa değişikliği, hürriyet gömleğinin daralması, radikalleşme…

•Ecevit, Kıbrıs Bunalımı, TÜSİAD, 24 Ocak kararlarına giden yol…

•Süleyman Demirel, Milliyetçi Cephe Hükümetleri, anti-komünist şahlanış, Aydınlar Ocağı…

•Alparslan Türkeş, Ülkücü Hareket, komünizme karşı paramiliter mücadele…

•Necmettin Erbakan, Millî Nizam, Millî Selamet, Akıncılar, mücahitler…

•15-16 Haziran, Kanlı 1 Mayıs, Maraş Katliamı, “darağacında üç fidan”…

•DİSK, İlerici Kadınlar Derneği, emek ve kitle örgütleri…

•Müzik, sinema, edebiyat; sanat ve siyaset ilişkisi, plaklı propaganda…

Mete Kaan Kaynar’ın hazırladığı derlemeye Sevgi Adak, Emel Akal, Pınar Akarçay, İsmet Akça, Mehmet Ö. Alkan, Murat Arslan, Sernaz Arslan, Şükrü Aslan, Gökhan Atılgan, İlker Aytürk, Tanıl Bora, Funda Şenol-Cantek, Yalçın Çakmak, Aziz Çelik, Kadir Dede, Veysel Dinler, Selçuk Duran, Evren Eken, Arda Ercan, Çağdaş Görücü, Veysel Ergüç, Çimen Günay-Erkol, Bora Gürdaş, Kerem Hocaoğlu, Süleyman İlaslan, Mete Kaan Kaynar, Nurettin Kalkan, Nuray Keskin, Bayram Koca, Selçuk Koca, Bilsay Kuruç, Murat Meriç, Levent Odabaşı, Asım Öz, Gencer Özcan, Celal Oral Özdemir, Hüseyin Özel, Güven Gürkan Öztan, Selman Saç, Ayşem Sezer-Şanlı, Burcu Sümer, Tuncay Şur, Anıl Varel, Kerem Yavaşça, Yavuz Yıldırım, Mete Yıldız, Mehmet Yüce ve Yelda Yürekli yazılarıyla katkıda bulundu.

The paper examines variation in union density in advanced Western countries. It employs newly updated data on unionization which show that differences among industrialized Western nations persist overtime. The analysis includes examination of the role of corporatism, Left party power, Catholic party power, ethnic and linguistic diversity, the religious composition of the population, size of countries and labor force markets, proportion of the government and industry employment, government‟s share of GDP revenue. In addition to cross-national statistical analysis, union density rates are examined by major geographical and cultural clusters of countries, i.e., Northern countries, the Low Countries, English-speaking countries, German-speaking countries and Southern countries. We focus on divergence of union density between the United States and Canada, which belong to the same cluster of Western nations and have similar economic structures. We examine the role of social values and structural, economic, and political factors in divergence of unionism in Canada and the United States. Our analysis employs 1996 Lipset-Meltz survey data on attitudes towards unions in the United States and Canada as well as data from other surveys, such as the World Values Surveys.

This paper investigates the impact of Project Labor Agreements (PLAs) on school construction cost in Massachusetts. Although simple models exhibit a large positive effect of PLAs on construction costs, such effects are absent from more completely specified models. Further investigation finds sufficient dissimilarity in schools built with and without PLAs that it is difficult to distinguish the cost effects of PLAs from the cost effects of factors that underlie the use of PLAs.

Labor law reform in South Africa unintentionally precipitated the rapid growth of a powerful black trade union movement and institutionalized collective bargaining in the 1980s. Despite the political crisis, the Independent Mediation Service of South Africa helped to disseminate the culture and practice of negotiated order, developed in industrial relations, to the broader society and national politics. As a result of the negotiated transition, the new democratic order is characterized by inclusive, consensus-building policy-making processes.

Cross-cultural research is dominated by the use of values despite their mixed empirical support and their limited theoretical scope. This article expands the dominant paradigm in crosscultural research by developing a theory of cultural tightness-looseness, the strength of social norms and degree of sanctioning within societies, and advancing a multilevel research agenda for future research. Through an exploration of the

Industrial relations policy and managerial custom and practice This article, using evidence from the air transport industry, extends the concept of managerial and supervisory custom and practice to management's industrial relations policies. It offers an understanding of management's role in industrial relations and the relationship between actions and rules.

Site managers need to be kept abreast of the challenges of ever-changing construction technology, knowledge ideology, management techniques, dynamic nature of construction site works and this requires training and retraining. The aim of this paper is to examine and evaluate the specific training needs of construction site managers handling selected construction projects in Lagos State of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire survey was used to collect information on construction site managers in Lagos State. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, mean score, weighted average, and t-test distribution. The result of the study revealed that there is common agreement that training of site managers should address human and industrial relations, building production and project management, then communication skills and computing. The paper concludes with recommendation to establish training institutes to take up the managerial training addressing the skill shortages of site managers to enhance efficiency in the construction industry. Field visit with site managers on weekend basis should be considered as the most effective method of training.

El objetivo principal de este estudio de caso es proponer y analizar una serie de aspectos descriptivos respecto a la situación actual de las comunicaciones de mercadeo del sector Healthcare de la compañía multinacional Philips. Mediante el diseño y aplicación de un número reducido, pero clave de entrevistas personales, efectuadas a personas cuya posición genera un contacto constante con los clientes de la organización y a una investigación personal basada en la indagación, observación y búsqueda en la web, se logró recabar información valiosa que refleja tanto el panorama actual como las fortalezas y desafíos que exhibe la empresa a futuro en torno a este campo. Con base en ello se determinó que la compañía posee medios y activos con los cuales podría potenciar sus comunicaciones, pero así mismo, que sin desarrollar ninguna clase de acciones de este tipo, debido a la ausencia de personal y en sí mismo a un departamento de marketing, ha obtenido resultados sobresalientes y sostenidos durante los últimos años.

ON THE a w m "~~ of W. Stanley Jevons' The Theory of Political Economy, it may be profitable to pause for a moment and reconsider his approach to labor theory. Despite its strengths, recent textbooks ignore Jevons' theory while elevating to supremacy indifference curve ana1ysis.l Acknowledging that indifference curve analysis is a fertile and powerful technique, I want to wipe some of the dust off Mr. Jevond writings and point out a few instances where they are still relevant today. Jevons' theory is built upon two major propositions: (1) the familiar law of diminishing marginal utility, and (2) the principle of eventually increasing tediousness of work. The second proposition allows that the cost of getting to work gives the first hour of work some disutility, arguing that

Elicitation of requirements for safety critical aeroengine control systems is dependent on the capture of core design intent and the systematic derivation of requirements addressing hazardous deviations from that intent. Derivation of these requirements is inextricably linked to the safety assessment process. Conventional civil aerospace practice (as advocated by guidelines such as ARP4754 and ARP4671) promotes the application of Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA) to sets of statements of functional intent.

Global opportunities in the auto industry have resulted in increases in production outside North America. This paper reports the results of a study in which a group of small automotive suppliers assessed the appropriateness of global entry strategies, and evaluated the degree of asset specificity and risks

Whether a seasonal farmworker returns to an employer in the following year depends on decisions by both the worker and the employer. Employers are more likely to rehire prime age, experienced, foreign-born workers. An employer increases the probability that a worker returns by spending the last dollar of compensation on benefits or improving working conditions rather than on higher wages. WHETHER A FARM EMPLOYER RETAINS last year's employees to work this year's crop depends on decisions by both employer and employees. Using data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS), we estimate a model of joint decision making by workers and employers and examine the impact of wages, benefits, and working conditions on farmworker retention. Based on these estimates, we show how agricultural employers can best allocate wages and benefits to increase the probability of workers returning.

We thank seminar participants at Clemson University, David I. Levine, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. The authors are grateful to the Cornell Presidential Research Scholarship program for its research support for Malav Shah.

The role of labour and industrial laws is of paramount importance when the economy of a country depends largely on its industrial sector. In addition, the necessary infrastructure for investments in natural resources is also important. It is clear that if these essential elements are not available then the growth of the industrial sector is hardly feasible. Besides all these, the proper management of labour is essential for the growth of the industrial sector including managing labour issues. Thus timely disposal of labour disputes is also important. However, in most cases labour law disputes are not solved within a short period of time causing remedies which are essential for these disputes to be delayed. Labour laws are important from the Bangladesh perspective as it is crucial for the industrial development of the country. Labour is an important part of an industry and as such an industry without labour would be inconceivable. Although labour rights are crucial in Bangladesh, employees are ignorant about their rights as they do not have adequate education and knowledge about labour laws. This is a huge problem. This paper aims to narrow the gap between existing laws and the real scenario relating to industrial practices in Bangladesh.

The article studies the linkages between industrial relations, organizational innovation and economic performance for the firms of the Emilia-Romagna food-industry. The aim is the investigation of: (i) interactions between union delegates and top management; (ii) adoption of organizational and HRM practices; (iii) linkages between industrial relations, innovations, and firm performance. The analysis suggests a role played by industrial relations in stimulating organizational changes. Industrial relations are also important for firm performances: the linkage proves to be mediated by positive effects of informative, consultative and bargaining practices on organizational changes. The analysis shows a "virtuous circle" between performance and organizational innovations, for firms with good industrial relations. Sommario Il lavoro si occupa delle relazioni tra innovazione organizzativa, relazioni industriali, performance economiche nelle imprese alimentari dell'Emilia-Romagna. L'obiettivo è indagare: (i) l'interazione tra rappresentanze sindacali e management dell'impresa; (ii) l'adozione di innovazioni organizzative e pratiche di gestione delle risorse umane; (iii) i legami tra innovazione organizzativa, relazioni industriali e risultati economici. L'analisi evidenzia l'importanza di relazioni industriali votate al dialogo tra le parti sociali ai fini delle performance economiche. Tale legame è mediato dal mutamento organizzativo il quale, favorito dalla qualità delle relazioni industriali, ha impatto positivo sulle performance. Si riscontra un circolo virtuoso tra innovazione organizzativa e risultati economici delle imprese, in un contesto di buone relazioni industriali.

FOR STUDENTS of industrial relations the current fight of Negroes for "freedom and jobs" is significant for several reasons.1 Discrimination in employment has become an important focus for the civil rights movement and has forced companies to reexamine their employment policies and to respond to the pressure for "jobs now." The activist character of the movement provides numerous parallels between its tactics and those employed by the CIO organizing committees in the late thirties. The Movement Within the movement, three groups can be clearly identified according to their primary reliance on litigation, persuasion, or direct action. The litigation approach seeks change through legislation and the courts, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) has been a leader in the effort to establish and to enforce equal opportunity laws. The efforts of the NAACP before the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, the NLRB, the Department of Labor, and various state and local fair employment commissions have been well publicized and will not be discussed in this paper. The approach that emphasizes persuasion and education, i.e., change through consensus and agreement, is best illustrated by the National Urban League. Leaders who emphasize the importance of persuasion have been termed moderates or racial diplomats. The direct action approach aims at forcing change through the use of * Assistant Professor of Industrial Relations, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago. 1 I should like to acknowledge the help which I have received from many leaders in the civil rights movement. The size of the group prevents individual acknowledgment and in some cases identit must be shielded. However, I should like to express my appreciation to one leader, TimueYD. Black, Jr., who made it possible for me to become involved as a participant-researcher. In addition, he helped me understand the movement's meaning and promise. Many of the insi hts contained in this treatment of the civil ri hts movement have their on 'n in a study of Negotiations (New York: McGraw-Hill, in press).

This article, inspired by the recent restructuring of social dialogue in Poland, reflects on the role played by neo-corporatist institutions in the country, with specific reference to their capacity to influence (or not) the approach, contents and implementation of labour policies and, therefore, affect social change. For this purpose, it presents the findings of a case study focused on the sub-national level of regulation and conducted in the region of Lower Silesia, within the framework of the Airmulp project. The analysis-which relies on mixed methods, including the analysis of statistical data, the review of official documents, and interviews with key informants-reveals that regional social dialogue is not likely to produce substantial outcomes and is, most feasibly, a means for building consensus on neo-liberal policies from the bottom up.

Using nearly 30,000 employee surveys from fourteen companies, we find disability is linked to lower average pay, job security, training, and participation in decisions, and to more negative attitudes toward the job and company. Disability gaps in attitudes vary substantially, however, across companies and worksites, with no attitude gaps in worksites rated highly by all employees for fairness and responsiveness. The results indicate that corporate cultures that are responsive to the needs of all employees are especially beneficial for employees with disabilities. * The authors' affiliations are, respectively, School of Management and Labor Relations, Rutgers University,

Rationale: Workers in microwave popcorn plants are at risk of developing bronchiolitis obliterans associated with exposure to butter flavoring volatiles, including diacetyl. Objectives: To investigate the risk of bronchiolitis obliterans for chemical workers producing diacetyl, with exposure to less complex mixtures of chemicals. Methods: We interviewed and conducted spirometry on 175 of 196 workers from a chemical production plant that produced diacetyl between 1960 and 2003. We used all available historical exposure data to classify all workers into three exposure groups with varying exposure profiles to diacetyl, based on frequency and level of exposure. Measurements and Main Results: Workers with fixed airway obstruction underwent further pulmonary function testing (including diffusing capacity and lung volumes) and paired inspiratory and expiratory high-resolution computed tomography studies. We identified three cases consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome with air trapping on high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs, in the highest exposure group of 102 process operators. Two of these cases were lifelong nonsmokers. Potential exposures included acetoin, diacetyl, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid, with diacetyl exposures in the range previously reported to be associated with fixed airway obstruction in the microwave popcorn industry. Conclusions: Exposure to an agent during diacetyl production appears to be responsible for causing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in chemical process operators, consistent with the suspected role of diacetyl in downstream food production.

A Case Study of Immigrants in the Restaurant Industry THE RECENT CONGRESSIONAL ACTION on comprehensive immigration reform highlights the ongoing controversy regarding the labormarket effects of foreign immigration. The enactment of an immigration law surely will not end the debate. So far, available data have not supported definitive analysis of the immigrant impact. Given this lacuna, judgments about the labor-market reactions to immigration restriction depend heavily on the particular characteristics of the immigrant labor force that the analyst chooses to emphasize. Most labor economists focus on low skill levels among many recent immigrants and argue that they are therefore direct substitutes for low-skilled native-born workers. Consequently, they argue, immigration restriction would result in higher earnings and lower unemployment for this group (Chiswick, 1982; Johnson, 1980). MichaeI Piore (1979), however, emphasizes the immigrants' lingering orientation to the cultures and economies of their home countries and the resulting differences between the values and expectations of immigrants and those of natives. Due partly to these differences, according to Piore's argument, the two groups occupy different segments of the labor market. Following this view, a reduction in immigration would not necessarily improve the labor-market status of native workers. This paper argues that to assess the consequences of immigration restriction, we need a more concrete understanding of the contrasts and similarities among the labor-market roles of immigrants and those of natives and a clearer idea of how those roles interact with the structure of labor and product markets. With such knowledge, better judgments can be made both about which characteristics are most important in determining the impact of immigration and about the labor-market response to immigration restriction.

A prominent feature of the restructuring of work in the public services has been the growing importance of assistant roles. This article examines the regulation of teaching assistant (TA) roles in 10 primary schools. It examines entry into TA roles, the structure of TA roles and the consequences of TA roles for teachers and assistants. The article develops a series of arguments to explain the variations in the TA workforce between authorities and schools.