Induction Motor Drives

This paper proposes a cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel inverter for induction motor drives. Multi-level Inverter (MLI) has several advantages over conventional inverter such as lower total harmonic distortion (THD), low switching loss, good power quality, high output voltage. The main feature of multilevel inverter is that it uses many small dc sources to supply various output levels. The Hbridge cascaded MLI is chosen in this paper because it requires least number of components for same voltage level. The H bridge cascaded MLI with five levels is designed. The simple multi carrier SPWM techniques namely phase disposition (PD) is used to generate pulses for the MLI. The H-bridge cascaded MLI with five levels using PD modulation technique is designed for induction motor drives. The performance of designed MLI fed induction motor drives is investigated extensively for various operating conditions through MATLAB simulation. The performance of MLI is also compared with conventional three phase inverter in terms of THD. The promising and interesting results obtained are comprehensively presented.

Two original numerical techniques are developed for the finite element (FE) transient analysis of induction and permanent magnet motors operating in demanding aerospace applications. The first technique is the electromagnetic and thermal analysis weak coupling using a multiple slices 2D FE model. The advantage of the specific technique is the representation of complex actuator geometries including skewed magnets and winding ends, by using a low computational cost 2D model while taking into consideration temperature dependent material attributes. The second technique consists in the development of properly defined boundary conditions for the emulation of the cooling housing of actuators. Those boundary conditions are applied at the outer surface of the actuators in contact with the housing and eliminate the need of modeling complex 3D geometries of highly integrated actuator housings.

Condition monitoring of voltage source inverters-fed induction motors is challenging since the influence of the supply complicates the use of methods valid for utility fed motors. Analysis of variance is performed over data obtained in a controlled laboratory experiment where a hole was progressively drilled into a rotor bar. Additive models are obtained to stand out the influence of the operating conditions and the supply on the amplitude of the fault signatures. Useful conclusions for the design of diagnosis systems for the detection of broken bars in induction motors are drawn from the analysis.

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Equipe Motopropulsão Aerodesign UFVJM Líder da equipe: Ivan Bruno da Paixão Junior Motor Glow 423 MAGNUM 61 XLS R/C MAG210770 DIAMANTINA 2015 Equipe Motopropulsão Aerodesign UFVJM Líder da equipe: Ivan Bruno da Paixão Junior Augusto César Neves Sobral DIAMANTINA 2015 1. Componentes suas funções e cuidados a serem tomados para evitar mal funcionamento dos mesmos.

the AC drives direct torque control (DTC) is used to obtain high performance decoupled torque and flux control. The SVM based direct torque control is a common solution which used to solve the conventional DTC's problems such as the high torque ripples and variable switching frequency. However, this control technique bases on stator flux orientation and PI controllers. This paper aims to improve the SVM-DTC performance by replacing the PI controllers by high order sliding mode controllers. Theses controllers are based on second order super twisting strategy, they can overcome the classical PI problems which are represented in robustness against parameters variation and external disturbance. Furthermore, super twisting algorithm reduces the chattering effect and keep the same properties of the first order sliding mode control. Another point, this paper presents a design of load torque observer based on second order sliding mode control in order to estimate the load value and reduce the cost and the uncertainties of control system. The simulation and experimental results of robust SVM-DTC control method are presented using Matlab/Simulink with real time interface using dSpace 1104 bored.

ÖZET
Asenkron Motorlar ve Sürücüleri
Günümüzde, asenkron motorlar dayanıklı, ucuz, bakım gereksinimleri az ve yüksek verimli olmalarından dolayı endüstriyel uygulamalarda, diğer elektrik makinelerine sıklıkla tercih edilirler. Asenkron motorlar çalışma prensiplerinden dolayı “endüksiyon motorları” olarak da adlandırılırlar. Asenkron motorları, senkron motorlardan ayıran en temel fark, asenkron motorların devir sayılarının ayarlanabilme imkanıdır. Bu proje asenkron motorların çalışma prensipleri, evirici(inverter) özellikleri, asenkron motorların yapıları ile asenkron motorlara yol verme yöntemleri hakkında bilgiler içermektedir.

The aim behind the development of the project is to limit the current at starting of motor and to develop the high starting torque. There are different methods of starting of 3-phase Slip-Ring induction Motor. However, we selected the rotor resistance method of control for Starting the Induction Motor. Here a Programmable Logic Controller is used which will be programmed as per our need. We have designed a control panel and programmed the PLC according to our need. The motor starts with high rotor resistance and as time elapse the rotor resistance will be shorted and the motor runs at rated speed. The resistance has been cut from the rotor in three parts in three different time intervals. The process of management of time and controlling of relays is the function of the PLC. Depending on PLC output, the relays will get shorted and the resistance will be removed from the rotor terminal.

This study describes a step by step model of the three-phase induction motor and its computer simulation using MATLAB/ SIMULINK. The model is based on two-axis theory of revolving frame transformation and takes power source and load torque as inputs and gives speed, electromagnetic torque and stator current as the  outputs. Constructional details of various sub-models for the induction motor are given and their implementation in SIMULINK is outlined. A simulation study of direct-on-line starting is demonstrated. The result from the simulation are similar to those obtained using the traditional simulation method involving differential equations.

Some devices convert electricity into motion but do not generate usable mechanical power as  primary objective and so are not generally referred to as electric motors. Most electric motors operate through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors to generate force. The reverse process, producing electrical energy from mechanical energy, is done by generators such as an alternator or a dynamo; some electric motors can also be used as generators, for example, a traction motor on a vehicle may perform both tasks. Electric motors and generators are commonly referred to as electric machines.
Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives. They may be powered by direct current, e.g., a battery powered portable device or motor vehicle, or by alternating current from a central electrical distribution grid or inverter. The smallest motors may be found in electric wristwatches. Medium-size motors of highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial uses. The very largest electric motors are used for propulsion of ships, pipeline compressors, and water pumps with ratings in the millions of watts. Electric motors may be classified by the source of electric power, by their internal construction, by their application, or by the type of motion they give.
The physical principle of production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field was known as early as 1821. Electric motors of increasing efficiency were constructed throughout the 19th century, but commercial exploitation of electric motors on a large scale required efficient electrical generators and electrical distribution networks.
The speed of a DC motor can be varied by controlling the field flux, the armature resistance or the terminal voltage applied to the armature circuit. The three most common speed control methods are field resistance control, armature voltage control, and armature resistance control. In this section, modeling procedure of these three methods and feedback control method for DC motor drives for dynamic analysis are presented.

Brushless doubly fed iuduction machine has recently attracted attention in variable speed generators and motor drives. In order to have a high performance control, a precise dynamic model is required. This paper aims at introducing a model of brushless doubly fed induction machine taking core loss into account. The details of model derivation are outlined and the torque relation is expressed in the general reference frame. The model is then used for simulation of the dynamic performance of the machine. The error introduced by neglecting core loss effect is also shown.

O motor elétrico proporcionou largos passos no processo de desenvolvimento da humanidade, substituindo o homem no desempenho de tarefas repetitivas e de
intenso esforço. Dentre eles, o motor de indução trifásico possui construção robusta e elevado rendimento, apresentando-se como um dos mais versáteis tipos de motores.
Porém, possui a desvantagem de um complexo sistema de controle de velocidade, pouco comum em baixa potência. O desenvolvimento de um inversor que exerça o
controle da velocidade para essa faixa de motores é o assunto deste trabalho, baseado no controle escalar em malha fechada de velocidade, operando adequadamente embarcado em uma plataforma de desenvolvimento e um hardware construído.

This chapter introduces recent developments in fault diagnostics of induction motors (IMs), by providing theoretical, simulative, and experimental results along with a number of implementation-related practical considerations and guidelines. Remarkably, methods for IM fault detection in both steady-state and transient operating conditions will be outlined. The chapter is structured as follows: Section 14.2 is a short introduction in which the more common faults of IM are concisely described as well as their causes, consequences, and symptoms. Section 14.3 introduces an example of model-based approach
for fault detection and isolation (FDI) in IMs based on dynamical observers. Sections 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, and 14.9 deal with diagnostic techniques based on signal analysis approaches; in all of these approaches the stator current is used as diagnostic signal; stator
current is the most used diagnostic signal in the industrial applications, since it enables for noninvasive diagnostic and does not require the use of additional probes. Sections 14.4 and 14.5 are dedicated to signal analysis techniques valid for steady-state operation; these methods, commonly designated as motor current signature analysis (MCSA) include the conventional Fourier transform (FT) approaches, and the more recently developed Hilbert-transform (HT)-based approaches. Today, the steady-state-based techniques are the most spread in the industrial environment; nevertheless, they cannot be used in some
important applications—for example, wind generators or electrical vehicles—in which the functioning conditions continuously vary. Thus, in Sections 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, and 14.9, state-of-the-art approaches based on time-frequency analysis tools, which enable for diagnostic in transient conditions are introduced. In these sections, the basis and practical remarks for the application to IM diagnostic of time-frequency analysis tools are given; the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), in Section 14.6, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), in Section 14.7, the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), in Section 14.8, and the instantaneous frequency (IF) approach, in Section 14.9, will be described along with their experimental verification.

—Recently, strong improvements have been made in the applicability of harmonic modeling techniques for electrical machines with slotted structures. Various implementations for permanent magnet motors and actuators have been investigated and applied in design and optimization tools. For the slotted structure of induction motors (IMs), however, the method has not been investigated very extensively yet. The main reasons for this are the complexity involved with modeling the large number of stator and rotor slots and the issues arising with the calculation of the induced rotor bar currents. In this work, a slotted harmonic model is implemented for a benchmark IM topology and a method to calculate the induced rotor bar current is investigated. The calculation results are validated by comparison to Finite Element simulations. It is shown that a good agreement is obtained for unsaturated operating conditions.

The Objective of the paper is to control the separately excited dc motor by using the IGBT based chopper. The speed of separately excited dc motor can be control by varying the armature voltage and varying field flux. Thus the speed can be controlled for under rated speed and speed beyond the rated speed, respectively. In this paper, the motor speed under and up to the rated speed can be achieved by varying the Armature voltage. IGBT based chopper Controls the Armature voltage. The IGBT chopper takes signal from controller and Adjustable voltage is given to the armature of dc motor as per the wanted speed. The advantages to employee this technique is that the Speed varies equivalently with armature voltage and varies inversely with field voltage by keeping field and armature voltage persistent respectively. The IGBT employed chopper i.e. power module gives smoother control as compared with the SCR based circuit. By using this system, we can chop the frequency and speed of DC motor c...

Los motores de alta eficiencia empezaron a ser fabricados a mediados de la década de los 70 inicialmente en USA pero su aplicación se hizo masiva al llegar el año 2000 también en otros países industrializados. Sin embargo su aplicación indiscriminada puede ocasionar inconvenientes técnicos en los procesos productivos cuando no
es evaluada correctamente. El propósito de este articulo es dar
a conocer las características principales de los motores de alta
eficiencia, mencionar las ventajas y limitaciones que presentan y
mencionar las condiciones más comunes en que su aplicación es
aconsejable.

Three phase induction motors in various industries are very important to be stopped within a short time. Dynamic braking of three phase induction motor has been commonly used to break an induction motor electrically. However, dynamic braking method does not stop the rotation of the motor as quick as mechanical braking. In this research, will discuss about dynamic braking using direct current method. Buck Converter design is made as DC source for direct current braking in three phase induction motors. Based on the result of measurement, buck converter can operate on minimum duty cycle 10% with output voltage 11,3V and output current 0,16A. When duty cycle operates at maximum duty cycle 90%, output voltage is 29,95V and output current is 1,15A. The test results also prove that the buck converter was successfully applied to direct current braking of the three phase induction motor and has succeeded in stopping the motor fastest in 0.18 seconds when the motor are not coupled with DC generator and 1.7 seconds for the condition is coupled with the DC generator. Keywords— 3-ph induction motor, buck converter, direct current braking I. INTRODUCTION Three-phase induction motors are commonly used in various industries because of their simple construction, easy use, high durability, high reliability, and low maintenance costs. One of the important control parameter of induction motor is braking. Braking is needed when a system requires in stop process, either when the device operation is completed or when there is a system error to secure the equipment at work. One method of three phase induction motor braking is dynamic breaking method by injecting direct current on the stator coil of three phase induction motors after the stator coil is removed from the supply.

This paper aims to improve the performance of conventional direct torque control (DTC) drives proposed by Takahashi by extending the idea for 5-level inverter. Hybrid cascaded H-bridge topology is used to achieve inverter voltage vector composed of 5-level of voltage. Although DTC is very popular for its simplicity but it suffers from some disadvantages like- high torque ripple and uncontrollable switching frequency. To compensate these shortcomings conventional DTC strategy is modified for five levels voltage source inverter (VSI). Multilevel hysteresis controller for both flux and torque is used. Optimal voltage vector selection from precise lookup table utilizing 12 sector, 9 torque level and 4 flux level is proposed to improve DTC performance. These voltage references are produced utilizing a hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter, where inverter each phase can be realized using multiple dc source. Fuel cells, car batteries or ultra-capacitor are normally the choice of required dc source. Simulation results shows that the DTC drive performance is considerably improved in terms of lower torque and flux ripple and less THD. These have been experimentally evaluated and compared with the basic DTC developed by Takahashi.

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The Direct Torque Control (DTC) is very good control scheme for dynamic performance and it is easy to implement and decoupling of motor variables along rotor flux axis is not required. The proposed DTC scheme uses the fundamental stator voltage vector for identification of sector for selection switching of vector to control stator flux and the torque. In this paper DTC proposed using five-level inverter has 125 space vector switching states and there are 61 effective vectors are possible. The proposed scheme is capable for enough degrees of freedom to control both electromagnetic torque and stator flux with very low ripple. From the simulation results shows that feeding electrical drive with five-level inverter can greatly improves the drive performance as compared to the 2 and 3-level inverters. The performance of this control method has been demonstrated by simulations performed using a versatile simulation package, Matlab/Simulink.

This paper investigates certain novel switching sequences involving division of active vector time for space vectorbased pulsewidth modulation (PWM) generation for a voltage source inverter. This paper proposes two new sequences, and identifies all possible sequences, which result in the same average switching frequency as conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM) at a given sampling frequency. This paper brings out a method for designing hybrid PWM techniques involving multiple sequences to reduce line current ripple. The three proposed hybrid PWM techniques (three-zone PWM, five-zone PWM and sevenzone PWM) employ three, five and seven different sequences, respectively, in every sector. Each sequence is employed in a spatial region within the sector where it results in the lowest rms current ripple over the given sampling period. The proposed techniques lead to a significant reduction in THD over CSVPWM at high line voltages. The five-zone technique results in the lowest THD among real-time techniques with uniform sampling, while the seven-zone technique is the best among real-time techniques with twin sampling rates. The superior harmonic performance of the proposed techniques over CSVPWM and existing bus-clamping PWM techniques is established theoretically as well as experimentally.

The Field Oriented Control (FOC) and the Direct Torque Control (DTC) are the well-known control strategies in the modern AC systems nowadays. However, both of them have a number of limits, such as the dependence on machine parameters of the vector control and the high ripples of DTC. This work presents a hybrid control strategy for induction motor (IM) based on the combining of the two techniques in order to benefit from their advantages and achieve high performance control. Besides, a Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) observer will be used for speed estimation to improve the reliability and decrease the cost of the control system. Furthermore, the IM energy optimization will be treated as the second objective of this paper. A proposed model based strategy will be used for loss minimization. This strategy bases on online adjusting of the rotor flux magnitude reference and choosing an optimal value for each applied load torque. The proposed algorithm will be investigated by simulation and experimental implementation by using Matlab/Simulink with real time interface (RTI) based on dSpace 1104 board. Keywords— Induction Motor, Field Oriented Control (FOC), Direct Torque Control (DTC), Loss Model control (LMC), Model reference adaptive system (MRAS), dSpace 1104.

Energy storage system has been widely applied in power distribution sectors as well as in renewable energy sources to ensure uninterruptible power supply. This paper presents a model predictive algorithm to control a bidirectional AC-DC converter, which is used in an energy storage system for power transferring between the three-phase AC voltage supply and energy storage devices. This model predictive control (MPC) algorithm utilizes the discrete behavior of the converter and predicts the future variables of the system by defining cost functions for all possible switching states. Subsequently, the switching state that corresponds to the minimum cost function is selected for the next sampling period for firing the switches of the AC-DC converter. The proposed model predictive control scheme of the AC-DC converter allows bidirectional power flow with instantaneous mode change capability and fast dynamic response. The performance of the MPC controlled bidirectional AC-DC converter is simulated with MATLAB/Simulink (R) and further verified with 3.0kW experimental prototypes. Both the simulation and experimental results show that, the AC-DC converter is operated with unity power factor, acceptable THD (3.3% during rectifier mode and 3.5% during inverter mode) level of AC current and very low DC voltage ripple. Moreover, an efficiency comparison is performed between the proposed MPC and conventional VOC-based PWM controller of the bidirectional AC-DC converter which ensures the effectiveness of MPC controller.

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Contoh Proposal Perancangan Iklan layanan masyarakat ILM, dengan tema keselamatan berkendara. Isi proposl ini adalah strategi kreativ perancangan iklan layanan masyarakat yang berkaitan dengan pengendara dibawah umur, yang jelas belum memiliki hak untuk menggunakan kendaraan mermotor. dalam hal ini terfokukan untuk anak dibawan 17 tahun atau pelajar sekolah dasar (SD),sekolah menengah pertama(SLTP) dan sekolah menengah atas (SLTA)

This paper presents a study to investigate response of adjustable speed drives due to voltage sags. A small ASD of 0.39 kW, 50/60 Hz, and 400-480 V was used for testing how drives
will respond to voltage sag types; A, B, C and D. The drive response is influenced by sag magnitude, sag duration and phase angle shift. Behavior of the diodes rectifier for conducting is influenced by sag magnitude and phase angle shift represented by sag of types C and D. The diodes rectifiers are reverse biased when it was supplied by voltage sags. Even though there are no charging currents to dc bus capacitor during voltage sags, the drives did not directly trip to certain
sag magnitude and sag duration. Sensitivity of the ASD to voltage sag types is presented in voltage tolerance curve. Sag of type A produces highest sensitivity on the ASD and it trips for sag magnitude of 62.5% and 250 milliseconds in duration.

Direct torque control (DTC) is known to produce quick and robust response in alternating current drives. However, during steady state, notable torque and flux ripple occur. They are reflected in speed estimation, speed response and also in increased noise. The electrically excited alternating current induction motor has typically small synchronous inductance values and quite low transient values because of the damper windings mounted on the rotor therefore the torque and stator flux linkage ripples are high in conventional direct torque control due to the implementation of hysteresis control. In this paper, an attempt is made to address this problem using direct torque control scheme with space vector pulse width modulation scheme. It is based on the compensation of the stator flux linkage vector error using the space vector modulation in order to decrease the torque and flux linkage ripples and produced fixed switching frequency under the principle that the torque is controlled by the torque angle on alternating current induction motor. The alternating current induction motor is supplied by a two level thyristor inverter powered by space vector modulation. Conventional principles of direct torque control and space vector pulse width modulation were described. It can be used in various applications like electric vehicles, and industrial control where field weakening operation is required. Simulation research is carried out in Matlab/Simulink which illustrates steady state and dynamic performances of the developed system. Simulation results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the torque control response which properly combines with space vector pulse width modulation that shows faster dynamic response, lower torque ripple and lower flux ripple. Moreover, simple Matlab/Simulink model is introduced for two level space vector modulation inverter which can be realized and implemented in practice for three phase alternating current induction.

In this research work, the speed control of a Sensorless three phase induction motor is carried out using Predictive Current control (PCC) technique and space vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). Implementation of hardware complexity of a motor drive can be minimized by estimating controls rather than measuring using sensors like Model Reference Adaptive Systems (MRAS) based on Back EMF estimation. The corresponding sensors are to be eliminated so that the system becomes more robust. The PCC is dependent on a closed loop observer, which is insensitive to parameter variations. This closed loop observer is used to calculate the required state variables over a wide frequency range. This methodology is more reliable even at very low frequency due to its insensitiveness nature against changes of motor parameters. Further, a SVPWM voltage source inverter is to be used to serve the induction motor rather than SPWM. The drive system with proposed adaptive mechanism is simulated by MATLAB/Simulink for the verification of the performance of the technique.

This paper presents a modular switched-capacitor (SC) dc-dc converter based electric drive system for battery electric vehicles. In such a system, modularized lithium-ion battery cell tied MOSFET SC converters are used instead of the more conventional IGBT boost converter. Following the drive train architecture, the modeling approach for each electrical component, including the battery set, dc-dc and dc-ac converters, ac machines, and their control is discussed. Emphasis is given on state of the art lithium-ion battery models and SC converter design. System level performance is analyzed based on simulation results across drive cycles. Hardware including a three-cell lithium-ion battery tied SC converter module is built and tested. Application notes such as economic and spacing constraints are addressed.

Stator flux oriented vector control of induction motor (IM) drives for speed sensorless control has several advantages. But, theapplication of a pure integrator for the flux estimation is difficult due to the presence of measurement noise and dc offset. To overcome these problems, a programmable cascaded low pass filters (PCLPF) has been used in some text. In this paper it is shown that some problems still exist and some new problems is made by this approach. In order to solve these problems, a novel compensation method is proposed. In this scheme the dc offset is detected and subtracted from the estimated flux in d and q axes.
The simulation results show that it works well in the low speed region as well as in the transient state. And the oscillation of the torque and the estimated flux are reduced notably when the torque reference changes rapidly.

In this paper, a synthesis of a speed and flux control approach for an induction machine based on backstepping strategy is  esigned. Indeed, the lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the proposed approach. To avoid the use of speed
and flux sensors, a high order sliding mode observer and unknown input observer are developed to estimate the flux and
the speed. In addition, the purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the performance of each observer proposed. Numerous simulations are also shown to test the robustness of the proposed control scheme in low and high speed and presence of rotor resistance variations.

– The field oriented based vector control (FOC) and the direct torque (DTC) are well used control strategies in modern AC systems these days. They can create a decupled flux and torque control and achieve good performance for AC motor drives. However, both of them have a number of limits and drawbacks, such as the dependence of machine parameters of the vector control and the high flux and torque ripples of DTC. This work present a hybrid control strategy for induction motor bases on combining the principles of the two techniques, in order to benefit from their advantages and limit their disadvantages and gain high performance. Besides, this work aims to design a sliding mode observers for speed/flux as sensorless algorithm to improve the reliability and decrease the cost control system. Different results of this combined strategy will be investigated by numerical simulation using Matlab/Simulink.

In this paper, the position control of a detuned indirect field oriented control (IFOC) induction motor servo drive is studied. A PID-fuzzy logic position controller (PID-FLPC) is designed and analyzed to achieve high-dynamic performance both in the position command tracking and load regulation characteristics for robotic applications. The performance of the proposed PID-fuzzy logic and synchronous PI-D 2DOF position controllers for detuned field oriented induction motor servo drive is investigated. Simulation results show that the proposed PID-fuzzy logic position controller provides high-performance dynamic characteristics and is robust with regard to motor parameter variations and external load disturbance. Furthermore, comparing the performance of the drive system with the PID-fuzzy logic position controller and the synchronous PI-D 2DOF position controller demonstrate that the superiority of the proposed PID-fuzzy logic position controller due to attain a robust performance for IFOC induction motor servo drive system.

With the increased availability of power MOSFET’s and insulated gate bipolar transistors, a new generation of simple choppers for ac inductive loads is foreseen. These new power semiconductors ease the use of forced commutations of thyristor switches to improve the supply power factor, even with highly inductive loads. The ac controllers with thyristor technology can be replaced by pulse width modulation (PWM) ac chopper controllers which have important advantages. In this paper, a symmetrical PWM ac chopper designed to operate with single phase inductive loads with a reduced number of controlled switches is described. The operation as a variable voltage source of this converter is evaluated. This includes the conversion characteristics, harmonic generation, harmonic distortion factor, and input power factor. By digital simulation, these characteristics are investigated theoretically, and to correlate the measurements with theory, an experimental setup is presented to confirm the analytical analysis.

Matrix converter is a direct AC-AC converter topology that directly converts energy from an AC source to an AC load without the need of a bulky and limited lifetime energy storage element. Due to the significant advantages offered by matrix converter, such as adjustable power factor, capability of regeneration and high quality sinusoidal input/output waveforms. Matrix converter has been one of the AC–AC topologies that hasreceived extensive research attention for being an alternative to replace traditional AC-DC-AC converters in the variable voltage and variable frequency AC drive applications. In the present paper an indirect space vector modulated matrix converter is proposed. The basic idea of an indirect modulation scheme is to separately apply SVM to the rectification and inversion stages, before combining their switching states to produce the final gating signals. The paper encompasses development of a laboratory prototype of 230V, 250VA three phase to three phase DSP controlled matrix converter fed induction motor drive. The observations and real time testings have been carried out to evaluate and improve the stability of system under various typical abnormal input voltage conditions

Sinusoidal pulse width modulation is a popular
modulation for most alternating current induction motor. It
only requires fewer calculations and is easy to implement.
However, the shortcomings of using it are low DC voltage
utilization, and poor inverter transmission capability. In
recent years, there is an increasing trend and more research
concentration of using space vector pulse width modulation
in adjustable speed drives and renewable energy systems
because it has better DC bus utilization, better performance,
lower loss, lower ripples,  and wide application range. This
paper introduces space vector pulse width modulation and
applies to speed control of alternating current induction
motor. The three  phase alternating current induction motor
is reviewed based upon space vector representation.  The
development of space vector pulse width modulation  and
implementation to speed control of induction motor is done
using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation is conducted by
analyzing the response of stator current, stator voltage,
speed, voltage, frequency, and  the  electromagnetic torque.
Simulation results shows that space vector pulse width
modulation which generates the voltage patterns at real time
is able to control the speed of a three phase alternating
current induction motor. It indicates the validity of space
vector pulse width modulation in controlling the speed of a
three phase alternating current induction motor (ACIM). In
conclusion, the use and realization of space vector pulse
width modulation has been validated by the Matlab/Simulink
simulation experiment for controlling the speed of a three
phase alternating current induction motor.

Hybrid-electric vehicles are the state of the art in the automotive industry because they increase efficiency and reduce the negative environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels. The long range goal of this project is to develop an expandable hybrid-electric automotive system.
The problem solved by this year of the project is that the electronics industry lacks a general purpose power electronics module. This makes it more difficult and expensive to develop electric vehicles. By first developing a reusable, modular, multipurpose building block for power systems, the later years of vehicle design will be simplified.
The project's development process included four phases: design, simulation, prototype, and testing. Tools such as LTSpiceIV (circuit simulation), KiCAD (schematic capture), SciLab (mathematical models), Eclipse (C++ IDE) and Google Sketchup (3D models) were learned and used. Test equipment included a 100MHZ Tektronics oscilloscope, homemade benchtop power supply, and homemade dynamometer. All tests were microprocessor controlled to ensure repeatability.
Dynamometer testing demonstrated that the power module was capable of accurately and predictably controlling series, compound, and separately excited wound-stator DC motors. Testing also demonstrated regenerative braking capabilities.
The power electronics module presented in this project benefits the electronics industry by simplifying research and development. When this power module is used, it significantly reduces the design phase and allows the designer to focus on systems-level development. This saves time and money.
The project was an astounding success, because the design goal was met and the electronics industry has finally been presented with a general purpose power electronics module.

This paper describes the phenomena of residual voltage in induction motor after
interrupted power supply, with appropriate theoretical background and main causes, with special
emphasis on residual magnetism. In order to explain the phenomenon, a measurement procedure
of residual voltage was developed for two motors separately and for three motors joined in
parallel connection. In realization of measurement procedure DAQ measuring system was used
that gave satisfactory results, and the analysis of these results gave appropriate conclusions.
Measurement with DAQ system is accompanied by simulation, which was enabled by modeling
of induction motor using Matlab software. The results of both measurements were compared,
commented, and pointed out to certain facts. Specifically, it was proved that induction motor
begins to work as an asynchronous generator after interrupted power supply, which causes
problems in the network and creates new phenomenons.

Electric vehicles are the greatest technology step that needs to be taken to reduce future emissions and needs of fossil fuels. This article will explain; history of electric cars, how electric vehicles work, what kind of mechanisms they have, charging and storage systems. It will also make comparisons between battery electric vehicles (BEV) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV).

Brushless doubly fed induction machines show promising results for wind power applications. Due to their poor rotor magnetic coupling and relatively high value of slip, core loss is an important factor which affects the steady state and dynamic performance. The core loss in brushless doubly fed induction machines has not been extensively studied in the literature. In this paper, a steady state equivalent circuit taking core loss into account is introduced. Simple relationships are derived which show that the brushless doubly-fed induction machine is similar to the cascaded doubly-fed induction machine in terms of core loss. The proposed equivalent circuit is simulated to derive the steady state characteristics of the machine.