Individual Psychology (IP)

The purpose of this article is to trace the historical roots of Individual Psychology in Switzerland and to identify the current primary approaches to Individual Psychology in the Swiss therapeutic community today. Firstly, we share a broad historical perspective of Swiss democracy and then a more focussed look at Adler’s original influence. Secondly, from a contemporary perspective, current mental health trends are presented,
and finally, mention is made of the ongoing struggle between psychoanalytic and Dreikursian models of Individual Psychology. The article closes with a brief review of Individual Psychologists across Switzerland.

The author explores religion and spirituality by means of the presidential addresses of two prominent scholars - one in the are of the psychology of religion, the other in the filed of spirituality. This review provides a segue for introducing Individual Psychology as a critical collaborator in the search for greater understanding of spirituality. It demonstrates how religion and spirituality can be understood without appeal to a dualistic supernatural reality.

Individual psychology was a precursor to the emergence of numerous social and interpersonal approaches to psychology and pedagogy. The child’s education is never left to fate, genetics, or environment. At the same time, Adler did believe that the child’s social situation has the strongest effect on the outset of development. Responsibility falls on the educator to appeal to the creative power or “free artistic creation” of the pupil. Individual psychology stresses the idea that a child only really
becomes a full-fledged student within an interpersonal field characterized by community feeling.

Newsletter Nº 16 - Centro de Estudios Adlerianos
(http://www.centroadleriano.org/images/Adlerianos_16.pdf)
En 2010 el Centro de Estudios Adlerianos comenzó a publicar en forma bilingüe (español-inglés) un newsletter online gratuito que comparte, a través de conspicuos respresentnates del movimiento adleriano (miembros del IAIP), los últimos trabajos mostrando la validez de la Psicología Individual (PI) en la actualidad. Es una publicación con referato y registrado intelectualmente en la Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay // In 2010 Centro de Estudios Adlerianos started publishing bilingually (Spanish-English) its free newsletter which shares, via conspicuous representatives of Adlerian movement (IAIP members), the breaking news and the validity of Individual Psychology (IP). It is a publication with referee academic and registered intellectually at Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay.

Personality is basically the behaviors that is demonstrated around other people, it contains individual characteristics and distinctive behaviors (Morgan, 2013). There is a pattern in individual's genuine reactions and attitudes and Personality Psychology deals with these patterns that makes people unique (Köroğlu & Bayraktar, 2011). The main theories of Personal Psychology is psychodynamic approach, phenomenological approach, trait approaches, behavioral approaches, social cognitive approach and structural approach (Cervone & Pervine, 2016). In this comparison classical psychoanalysis, namely psychodynamic approach, and individual psychology will be evaluated. 1. Classical Theory of Psychoanalysis Before Freud, it is believed that the reasons for behavioral disorders were of heredity and neural. He presented the psychodynamic theory and introduced the topographical model of mind and the regards towards human changed since. In topographical model, there are three levels of consciousness: conscious, preconscious and unconscious. Conscious is a regulating center which contains the internal sensations of the body and the sensations from the physical environment. Emotions, thoughts, causations, time, location and associations are constituted by reality. Preconscious is like a place where the memories and stored knowledge is hidden and retrievable by associations but do not present in conscience at that time (Altıntaş & Güntekin, 2005). Unconscious is a psychedelic vortex where repressed desires, inner beliefs, thoughts and wishes are blended in an abstract expressionist picture. The repressed materials are not easily accessible. Psychic energy is another important notion posed by Freud that serves to biological and psychological mechanisms of humans which operates the three system of personality: Id, ego, superego (Ersevim, 2000). Id is the basis of personality which serves to discharge immediately the sensational stimulations

Rad predstavlja analizu odgoja djeteta kroz prizmu individualne psihologije, s posebnim osvrtom na kompleks manje vrijednosti koji utječe na razvoj ličnosti. Rad ističe važnost individualnih odgojnih mjera, značaj odgojitelja u izgradnji samopouzdanja i samospoznaje kod djece kao osnovnih preduvjeta zdravog razvoja, te kategorije djece koja su posebno osjetljiva i čiji položaj može uzrokovati manjak samopouzdanja, a samim tim i nastanak kompleksa manje vrijednosti.

DIALOGHI ADLERIANI OSSERVATORIO DI PSICOLOGIA INDIVIDUALE CONTEMPORANEA DELL'ISTITUTO ALFRED ADLER DI MILANO EDITORIALE STUDI E RICERCHE ARTE E SOCIETÀ INCONTRI E INTERVISTE IN LIBRERIA APPUNTAMENTI

The memories: useful fictions / I RICORDI: FINZIONI UTILI (pp.: 61-73)

Two years ago, we published a brief history of Individual Psychology in Switzerland (Mansager & Borboa, 2014). We intended to introduce English-­‐speakers to Adler’s influence on our tiny country. We noted Adler’s direct
impact, but mainly indicated the legacy of Adlerian Psychology as it was
taught and still practised here. Given the broad overview of the article, we
did not deem it appropriate to highlight any one of the Adlerian educators.
Now, in a separate brief account, we would like to revisit the gift of one of
the primary Adlerian educators in Switzerland, Erik Blumenthal (1914-2004).

The current Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 4th generation (4G) mobile network architecture features complicated control plane protocols and requires expensive equipment. Data delivery in the mobile packet core is performed based on a centralized mobility anchor between eNode B (eNB) elements and the network gateways. The mobility anchor is performed based on General Packet Radio Service tunnelling protocol (GTP), which has numerous drawbacks, including high tunnelling overhead and suboptimal routing between mobile devices on the same network. To address these challenges, here we describe new mobile core architecture for future mobile networks. The proposed scheme is based on IP encapsulated within IP (IP-in-IP) for mobility management and data delivery. In this scheme, the core network functions via layer 3 switching (L3S), and data delivery is implemented based on IP-in-IP routing, thus eliminating the GTP tunnelling protocol. For handover between eNB elements located near to one another, we propose the creation of a tunnel that maintains data delivery to mobile devices until the new eNB element updates the route with the gateway, which prevents data packet loss during handover. For this, we propose Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnelling protocol. We describe the results of numerical analyses and simulation results showing that the proposed network core architecture provides superior performance compared with the current 4G architecture in terms of handover delay, tunnelling overhead and total transmission delay.

En 2010 el Centro de Estudios Adlerianos comenzó a publicar en forma bilingüe (español-inglés) un newsletter online gratuito que comparte, a través de conspicuos respresentnates del movimiento adleriano (miembros del IAIP), los últimos trabajos mostrando la validez de la Psicología Individual (PI) en la actualidad. Es una publicación con referato y registrado intelectualmente en la Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay // In 2010 Centro de Estudios Adlerianos started publishing bilingually (Spanish-English) its free newsletter which shares, via conspicuous representatives of Adlerian movement (IAIP members), the breaking news and the validity of Individual Psychology (IP). It is a publication with referee academic and registered intellectually at Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay.

Previous research findings on work harassment and personality do not answer the question on how the lifestyle construct (as presented by A. Adler) is related to the individual’s experience of workplace harassment. In fact to date there are no statistical studies related to workplace harassment and lifestyle reported in the literature. In the present study, it is hypothesized that research on one’s lifestyle that is developed in early childhood may reveal some important additive information related to the lifestyle dynamics of potential victims of workplace harassment. To assess the dynamics of workplace harassment and lifestyle, the Basic Adlerian Scales for Interpersonal Success Form-A (BASIS-A) (Wheeler, Kern & Curlette, 1993), Work Harassment Scale (WHS) (Björkqvist & Österman, 1992), and a demographic survey were administered to a sample of 320 employees from three organizations located in a metro area of Lithuania. The logistic regression analysis was performed including a binary variable of work harassment, whereas, the two groups were formed based on the mean score of work harassment (the group of lower work harassment ≤11 (N=195); the group of higher work harassment >11 (N=109)). Results of a logistic regression analysis of the data set indicated that three of the five major scales of the BASIS-A: Taking Charge, Wanting Recognition, and Being Cautious were significantly related to work harassment as reported by employees on the WHS. Discussions and conclusions support some of the other research findings related to personality attributes of the potential  victim, but provide additional information indicating that positive lifestyle attributes may also become problematic when the individual is placed in a stressful work environment.
Keywords: life style, personality, work task, work harassment, potential victim

Personality textbooks come in two forms, each with their own style of organizing content. They will either be organized in terms of historical affiliation (e.g., Freud and those theories that are historically affiliated with Freud, etc.) or they will offer a series of disparate research foci. Both approaches make it difficult for students to attain a coherent, synoptic grasp of the subject matter. Profiles of Personality offers an alternative. It presents personality theories on the basis of a meta-narrative that guides the student through an unfolding story of personality and personal becoming. The meta-narrative of the text reflects the whole person emphasis that gave rise to the study of personality in the first place. As Walter Mischel once noted, the study of personality was intended to become the meta-discipline for integrating the findings and general principles of psychology as a whole as they speak to the person as a whole. Profiles of Personality moves progressively deeper into the world of macro-integrative theorizing, increasingly exposing the role of paradox in the differential-integrative process of personality formation. Highlights of this new edition (from University Professor's Press) include brief discussions of gerotranscendence, gender, and education, additions to the analysis of narrative, and an expanded section on multiculturalism and the ecopsychological culture of place.

Alfred Adler cited Shakespeare as having contributed significantly to the insights of Individual Psychology, which the Viennese psychiatrist founded in the early twentieth century. Shakespearean scholar Harold Bloom considered personality to be a Shakespearean creation and an originality of the bard. Bloom saw Shakespeare as "our (humanity's) psychologist," as opposed to those who saw and still see Freud in that role. This article provides evidence that it is Adler who deserves the modern title, since it is Adler's subjective, social, and creative psychology of use that resonates with Shakespeare's characters and purpose, namely the understanding of human nature by every human being. Adlerian counselors make an explicit "style of life" assessment with clients to help them better understand themselves and their fictive goals. Résumé Selon Alfred Adler (1870-1937), Shakespeare a contribué de manière significative aux idées de la psychologie individuelle-discipline que ce psychiatre viennois fonda au début du XX e siècle. Harold Bloom, un spécialiste de Shakespeare, affirmait que la personnalité est une création originale du Barde de Stratford. Il déclarait que Shakespeare est « notre psychologue » (de l'humanité, entendait-il), en opposition à ceux qui attribuent ce rôle à Freud. Cet article fournit la preuve que c'est Adler qui mérite ce titre moderne, du moment que c'est la psychologie subjective, sociale et créative d'Adler qui est en unisson avec les personnages et le dessein de Shakespeare, à savoir la compréhension de la nature humaine par tout un chacun. Les conseillers adlériens font une évaluation explicite du « style de vie » de leurs clients afin de les aider à mieux se comprendre eux-mêmes et leurs objectifs fictifs. Les pièces de Shakespeare étant disponibles en anglais contemporain, les étudiants et les clients de ces classes ou groupes peuvent donc suivre cette citation, tirée de l'Hamlet « affectez la vertu si vous ne l'avez pas », tout comme l' "agir comme si" d'Adler, afin qu'ils soient déjà les individus qu'ils aimeraient devenir. Mettre l'accent sur la prétendue nature de l'action aidera à réduire tout domaine de perception de risque ; tandis que « endosser » Shakespeare y ajoutera de la crédibilité, afin d'être

En 2010 el Centro de Estudios Adlerianos comenzó a publicar en forma bilingüe (español-inglés) un newsletter online gratuito que comparte, a través de conspicuos respresentnates del movimiento adleriano (miembros del IAIP), los últimos trabajos mostrando la validez de la Psicología Individual (PI) en la actualidad. Es una publicación con referato y registrado intelectualmente en la Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay // In 2010 Centro de Estudios Adlerianos started publishing bilingually (Spanish-English) its free newsletter which shares, via conspicuous representatives of Adlerian movement (IAIP members), the breaking news and the validity of Individual Psychology (IP). It is a publication with referee academic and registered intellectually at Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay.

En 2010 el Centro de Estudios Adlerianos comenzó a publicar en forma bilingüe (español-inglés) un newsletter online gratuito que comparte, a través de conspicuos respresentnates del movimiento adleriano (miembros del IAIP), los últimos trabajos mostrando la validez de la Psicología Individual (PI) en la actualidad. Es una publicación con referato y registrado intelectualmente en la Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay // In 2010 Centro de Estudios Adlerianos started publishing bilingually (Spanish-English) its free newsletter which shares, via conspicuous representatives of Adlerian movement (IAIP members), the breaking news and the validity of Individual Psychology (IP). It is a publication with referee academic and registered intellectually at Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay.

Современный этап развития нашего общества характеризуется значительным притоком несовершеннолетних детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей и  сирот в интернаты. Поступление ребёнка и дальнейшее его пребывание  в школе - интернате имеет свои особенности, среди которых наиболее актуальны различные отклонения  в психическом и социальном развитии. Отклонения ребенка, поступившего в школу - интернат, представлены широким рядом «симптомов», таких как: педагогическая запущенность, девиантное поведение, задержка психического развития, нарушение эмоционального, физического развития и затруднения во взаимодействии с  взрослыми и детьми.

The study was focused to determine the effect of gender on emotional intelligence and professional development in male and female secondary school teachers. The objectives of the study were, i) comparing male and female secondary school teachers on the variable of emotional intelligence ii) comparing male and female secondary school teachers on the variable of professional development. The research study was co-relational and comparative study with survey type. The factors of emotional intelligence that are closely related to the professional development of secondary school teachers have been explored through distributing and receiving back the filled questionnaires from the secondary school teachers working in Islamabad model school and colleges Islamabad (urban) district. The sample consisted of 200 secondary school teachers (100 male and 100 female teachers). The questionnaires were based on a five point Likert Scale. Two sets of questionnaires were prepared and used separately for male and female SSTs. There were few common items and few different. Once the data were selected, it was presented and tabulated. The data was analyzed using statistical tools, i.e. percentages, mean scores, standard deviations, correlation and t-test scores. The item total correlation and inter-scale correlation coefficients suggested that both scales and their sub-scales are also strongly and significantly correlated to each other at 0.01 levels of significance. Some major findings of the research study indicated that female secondary school teachers were more emotionally intelligent and professionally developed than male secondary school teachers. Both variables emotional intelligence and professional development seemed to correlate with gender significantly at 0.01 levels. High mean scores of female secondary school teachers indicated high level of emotional intelligence and professional development and low mean scores of male secondary school teachers indicated low level of emotional intelligence and professional development as compared to females.

In this article, the authors revisit the professional relationship, mutual influence, and enduring legacy of two major inspirations on the humanistic psychotherapy movement, Alfred Adler and Abraham Maslow. Starting with their meeting and early relationship and then looking at the characteristic constructs of each man's theory, the authors expose the basis for a therapeutic collaboration between the two in a current psychotherapy. As both theoreticians held creativity as vital to the well-being of the individual, the final section of the article illustrates the importance of going beyond theoretical extrapolation and applying creativity within the therapeutic setting.

Public schools in Britain are proud of their traditions - in architecture, in education as well as in daily rituals.  This short blog-post suggests that they can often prove inhibiting to an individual's development, as they try to promote certain behavioral rituals designed to cultivate a particular model of individual development.

The paper discusses ethical implications in the theories of various psychotherapeutic schools (psychoanalysis, analytical psychology, individual psychology, Gestalt therapy, psychodrama, Rogerian therapy and behavior therapy) and the Gestalt theoretical point of view, which is opposed to any form of ethical relativism, and is inherent to Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy.
Zusammenfassung: Psychotherapeutische Literatur befasst sich überwiegend mit Entwicklungs- und Persönlichkeitstheorien, mit Störungsbildern und Behandlungstechniken und seltener mit Fragen der Ethik, Sinnhaftigkeit oder Freiheit. Aber psychotherapeutische Schulen und ihre Theorien basieren auf einem ihnen jeweils eigenem Menschenbild, aus dem sich — oft auch implizit enthaltene - ethische Überlegungen ableiten lassen. Es wird versucht, diese ethischen Grundhaltungen von Psychoanalyse, Analytischer Psychologie, Individualpsychologie, Gestalt-Therapie, Psychodrama, Gesprächstherapie und der Verhaltenstherapie ansatzweise darzustellen und kritisch zu würdigen. Dem häufig postulierten ethischen Relativismus, der von unterschiedlichen Ethiken ausgeht, wird das Ethikverständnis der Gestalttheorie gegenüber gestellt, wonach es Übereinstimmung in den allgemeingültigen Bedingungen für menschliche Gesellschaften geben müsse. Für den Gründer der Gestalttheorie Max Wertheimer ist das Verständnis und die Einsicht in die Gefordertheit einer Situation die Grundlage für alle ethischen Überlegungen. Nach seiner Sichtweise ist sachlich gefordertes Verhalten gleichzusetzen mit moralisch richtigem Handeln. In diesem Zusammenhang betont er die Bedeutung von Freiheit für den Menschen und sein Handeln. Neben der Freiheit als Bedingung in einem sozialen Feld sieht er Freiheit ebenfalls als Charakterqualität der Einstellung, des Denkens und des Verhaltens von Menschen. Demnach soll der Mensch grundsätzlich in der Lage sein, das ethisch Richtige zu tun, wenn er sich offen und frei auf die Situation, in der er sich befindet, einlässt und Einsicht in die Struktur der Problemlage gewinnen kann.

Překlad eseje rakouského spisovatele a psychologa  židovského původu Manese Sperbera, žáka Alfreda Adlera (individuální psychologie). Terorismus spočívá na porušení denně obnovované důvěry mezi lidmi. Pojem sebevražedného atentátníka neznám.  Übersetzung eines Essays des österreichischen (galizischen) Schriftstellers und Psychologen, Schülers von Alfred Adler (Individualpsychologie). Terrorismus basiert auf dem Bruch des täglich geschenkten Vertrauens. Der Begriff des Selbstmörderattentäters noch unbekannt. Mit Kurzbiographie des Autors vom Übersetzer.  Translation of the Essay  Descendents of Herostratus: The Terrorist and his Soul by Manes Sperber (Essays zur täglichen
Weltgeschichte)

In the present scenario there is deficiency to full fill the requirement of course and fine aggregates .In India, Punjab government apply a Tax on aggregates and ban on batching plants. Our idea is to make artificial metal aggregates to full fill the deficiency of aggregates in civil engineering. In this paper an effort has been made to draft “STAR” high performance metal aggregates in concrete has been discussed. We named as “STAR” high performance metal aggregates. In this paper coarse metal aggregates (C.M.A.) 20mm used for making high performance concrete (H.P.C). This “STAR” high performance metal aggregate had cutting edge technology through draft by the use of AUTO Cad software can be used effectively in CADD CENTRE Labs. Our targets is to draft “STAR” high performance metal aggregates to get the better results than conventional aggregates i.e. high resistance of shear ,tension , compression forces and interlocking design. In practical stage this high performance metal aggregates is use as a high performance concrete (H.P.C) for high performance structures. key words: “STAR” high performance metal aggregates, AUTO Cad CADD CENTRE Lab, high performance metal aggregates ,high performance concrete (H.P.C), coarse metal aggregate (C.M.A.), cutting edge technology, interlocking design.

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Database: PsycINFO

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Journal Article

Preference for sex of child: A research update.
Hammer, Max; McFerran, James
Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice, Vol 44(4), Dec 1988, 481-491.

Abstract

“558 adults (aged 18–66 yrs) replied to 2 questions, one that asked their gender preference if they could have only 1 child, another that asked what gender they themselves would prefer to be reborn as. Data regarding age, sex, college status, and marital status with and without children, were collected. Results are contrasted with those obtained by M. Hammer (see record 1971-02260-001) in 1970. Findings indicate that the perceived female role disadvantage appears to have diminished, especially among unmarried, college females. Results from other groups were less clear. Findings support A. Adler's (1956) view of the cultural nature of the female role disadvantage. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)"

Database: PsycINFO
Related Journal Article

Preference for a male child: Cultural factor.

Max Hammer

Journal of Individual Psychology, Vol 26(1), May 1970, 54-56.

Abstract

“504 childless adults of both sexes, married and unmarried, attending college and not in college, were asked their preference about the sex of a child if they could have only 1 offspring. College students heavily preferred boys. In the noncollege group, preference followed the sex of the respondent. Results are viewed as supporting Adlerian rather than Freudian views. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)”

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