Immigration

If politics is ultimately about our deepest fears and desires rather than about, say, tax policy or better health care, then what place is there for a Left whose raison d’être will always be tied to improving the economic fortunes of the least fortunate? One answer is to begin to outline an “economics of meaning,” where economic or class critiques are a means to channel anger, create meaning, and build solidarity rather than to implement better policy outcomes (although, of course, policy changes would be good on their own, for moral rather than necessarily electoral reasons). This requires changing standard conceptions of what elections are for and what it means to win.

This article analyses and compares the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of persons born abroad who immigrated to New York City after 1965 and still lived in the City in 1990. Using data from the 1990 Census, we classify persons into the twenty four largest national origin groups and compare their demographic and socio-economic characteristics (sex, age, educational attainment, labour force participation, unemployment, occupation, income, and poverty). We pose and answer three empirical questions. The first question is: what are some of the main differences by national origin in the composition of persons immigrating to New York City after 1965? The second question is: what are some of the main differences in the location of post-1965 immigrants in New York's socio-economic structure? The third question is: what are some of the main differences in the economic rewards received by persons who immigrated to New York City since 1965? We find that immigrants with less than a high school education have higher labour force participation rates than the US-born population in the same educational category and also have slightly higher earnings. Immigrants with a high school degree have labour force participation rates close to (or slightly higher than) the average for the US-born population but their incomes are slightly lower than the average income for the US-born population. Immigrants with a college degree have participation rates similar or slightly lower that those of the US-born population while their earnings are significantly lower that those of US-born college graduates.

On the Shoulders of Grandmothers won the 2020 Mirra Komavrsky Book Award from the Eastern Sociological Society (ESS). Through in-depth interviews and ethnographic work with migrant grandmothers caring for the elderly in Italy and California and their adult children in Ukraine, On the Shoulders of Grandmothers investigates how migrant grandmothers built the “new” Ukraine from the outside in through transnational networks. By comparing the experiences of individual migrants in two different migration patterns—one a post-Soviet “exile” of individual women to Italy and the other an “exodus” of families to the United States—Dr. Solari exposes the production of new gendered capitalist economics and nationalisms that precariously place Ukraine between Europe and Russia with implications for the global world order. This global ethnography explains the larger context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

In this article, Dafney Blanca Dabach highlights how little is known about undocumented youth’s political socialization in formal school settings. Like all students, undocumented students are routinely placed into citizenship courses in the United States, yet these may be sites of marginalization and disjuncture for students who lack access to citizenship rights. Dabach investigates how one high school civics teacher and her students navigate this terrain in a mixed-citizenship setting where some youth had access to formal citizenship, and some did not. Drawing from a year-long qualitative study, Dabach argues that this case serves as an existence proof of meaningful civic education in school settings, despite barriers to formal citizenship. She demonstrates how the teacher socialized students into the practice of political letter writing while recounting local deportation narratives. The teacher breached silences that typically render undocumented students as invisible. She also integrated distinct forms of knowledge and experience: those of “illegality” with political participation. In doing so, she created a space within the classroom for simultaneously apprenticing students of different citizenship statuses into political practices. Dabach illustrates how formal civics classrooms may in fact be educative when normative assumptions about citizenship are interrupted in official classroom space.

WE NEED TO SYNCHRONIZE our understanding of white supremacy and the upsurge in anti-Black and anti-ethnic racism by examining the U.S. racial state. Throughout the expansion of the United States, 'whiteness has long stood as a bulwark against revolutionary change so much so that when the US racial state is in economic and political crisis, bourgeoisie capitalism appeals to the white middle and working classes to address that crisis. I WANT TO EVALUATE THE HISTORY, IDEOLOGY, AND EVOLVING METHODS OF THE RADICAL-RIGHT IN THE UNITED STATES. Since 2001, the threat of violence inspired by radical right-wing ideologies has been mainly eclipsed by the "war on terror" from outside the continental United States. It's during this war on terror that white supremacists received less analysis by both local and federal police, while their victims, Muslims and non-Muslims, sustained statesponsored profiling, defamation and vilification. Sadly, the cost of this myopic, flawed emphasis was an increase in white supremacist terror. Now, policymakers and analysts are questioning whether the balance of priorities should change in lieu of high-profile deadly attacks by white supremacists and white nationalists. Furthermore, white supremacy claims that the white identity is under threat of extermination from minorities or immigrants that seek to replace its entire culture. For example, U.S. white nationalists chant, "You will not replace us," suggests that growing minority populations threaten to overtake Christian whites of their LONG-ESTABLISHED EUROPEAN HERITAGE in American society. In the hands of white supremacists, impoverished and desperate victims of violence who are (leaving their unstable and violent home countries due to U.S. foreign policy, political and military intervention) are seeking asylum are malformed into violent criminals participating in an invasion of the U.S. This aberration has been intensified by white anti-immigrant organizations, mainstream conservative pundits and radio commentators and the President himself, ALL OF WHOM PAY NO ATTENTION TO THE ROOT CAUSES OF DRUG-REALTED GANG VIOLENCE IN COUNTRIES IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA. It's time for us to treat white supremacist terrorism as the EXESTENTIAL THREAT THAT IT IS AND RESPOND TO IT.

Future. Il domani narrato dalle voci di oggi, an anthology published in Italy in 2019, comprises writing by 11 self-identified black Italian women. As the book’s title suggests, their work, mostly personal accounts of being black women in Italy, is forward-looking while grounded in contemporary realities: a tomorrow narrated by the voices of today. The essays also are steeped in Italian history and particularly a past that only recently has begun to be acknowledged: that of Italian empire and its African colonies. The book—the first literary anthology by black Italian women— is a political intervention, an act of resistance to the racism and anti-immigrant attitudes that have become alarmingly widespread in Italian society and politics.

There are more types of borders today than ever before in history. Borders of all kinds define every aspect of social life in the twenty-first century. From the biometric data that divides the smallest aspects of our bodies to the aerial drones that patrol the immense expanse of our domestic and international airspace, we are defined by borders. They can no longer simply be understood as the geographical divisions between nation-states. Today, their form and function has become too complex, too hybrid. What we need now is a theory of the border that can make sense of this hybridity across multiple domains of social life.

Rather than viewing borders as the result or outcome of pre-established social entities like states, Thomas Nail reinterprets social history from the perspective of the continual and constitutive movement of the borders that organize and divide society in the first place. Societies and states are the products of bordering, Nail argues, not the other way around. Applying his original movement-oriented theoretical framework "kinopolitics" to several major historical border regimes (fences, walls, cells, and checkpoints), Theory of the Border pioneers a new methodology of "critical limology," that provides fresh tools for the analysis of contemporary border politics.

Designed to encourage critical thinking about history, the Major Problems in American History series introduces students to both primary sources and analytical essays on important topics in US history. This collection is designed for courses on Latina/o history.

This conceptual paper analyzes Donald Trump's presidential campaign
to illustrate how articulatory practices of racist nativism exhibit a virulent adherence to
white supremacy that opens the discursive doors of public discourse to engage in more overt and violent practices of racism that target People of Color in the U.S. I argue that the wide-spread support of Donald Trump by U.S. voters is a white supremacist response to changing U.S. demographics from a historically white to inevitably non-white population, and perceived as a "threat" to white social status and power.

"Guavas for Dummies, American Jíbaras, & Postnational Autonomy: When I Was Puerto Rican in the Hemispheric Turn" (2019) re-engages this text after I taught it in Puerto Rico four years. In this 2009 essay, Santiago’s memoir is said to bridge U.S. and Caribbean lit. WIWPR begins with a remembered Puerto Rico, and ends in the author’s adulthood in the USA. Studying Santiago’s text within a trajectory of immigrant narratives familiarizes the text to readers who are often processing their own entries into the US / its cultural orbit. This essay examines Santiago’s representation of jibaros, a subculture whose place in in Puerto Rico parallels the conflicted relationship many Jamaicans have with Rastafarians. Also, the theme of “Translating and Resisting Imperialism” is developed through a close reading of the chapter “The American Invasion of MacÚn.” Santiago’s treatment of gender roles in her family is also explored.

En este artículo se pretende dar un ejemplo práctico de cómo crear materiales multimedia (con el programa MALTED, del Ministerio de Educación español) para la enseñanza del español como segunda lengua en Educación Primaria. La continua llegada de  inmigrantes a  España, en  la  mayor parte de los casos de países en vías de desarrollo con hijos en edad escolar reclama la adopción de nuevas perspectivas a la hora de enseñar la lengua en el sistema educativo español. Debe enseñarse a los alumnos el manejo de las nuevas tecnologías, a la vez que se sigue un enfoque comunicativo al enseñar la lengua. Este proyecto fue desarrollado durante el curso 2010-2011 en la Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, España.

Nella nostra società l'accesso alla casa e le caratteristiche della sistemazione abitativa costituiscono dei pilastri fondamentali della qualità della vita e dell'inserimento sociale. Al di là del suo significato come bene materiale, il concetto di casa racchiude dei valori simbolici, delle rappresentazioni di carattere culturale e psicologico che proiettano all'esterno le sfaccettature del mondo interno. Dal punto di vista del linguaggio, le parole casa, dimora, alloggio, abitazione fanno parte di una terminologia che, oltre a rappresentare l'oggetto materiale, rispecchiano la funzione e l'importanza che il concetto in questione riveste per la dimensione esistenziale delle persone. La casa, come alloggio o abitazione, non è solo una costruzione che alberga l'uomo, il suo riparo o rifugio, ma rappresenta anche il luogo dell'abitare. Come tale, seguendo il pensiero di Heidegger, "l'abitare sarebbe quindi in ogni caso il fine che sta alla base del costruire" e "ci appare in tutta la sua ampiezza quando pensiamo che nell'abitare risiede l'essere dell'uomo, inteso come soggiornare dei mortali sulla terra" (Heidegger, 1976: 96-97).

Try asking a 7-year-old the following question: "Did you ever have trouble with bands of organized crime in your home country?". Would you start with the difference between a musical band and a criminal band, or with the definition of a home country? The impossibility of translation is where Valeria Luiselli's new story begins: "Tell Me How It Ends: An Essay in 40 Questions". More than 120,000 unaccompanied children from Mexico and Central America were detained at the U.S. -Mexico border between April 2014 and August 2015, what came to be known as the 2014 American immigration crisis. A crisis that quickly left the physical border of the country and dispersed itself to the legal borders within the immigration courts in New York, California, Texas. "Tell Me How It Ends" is a highly reflective essay guided by the forty questions that form part of the legal questionnaire elaborated by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. The forty questions that Valeria Luiselli struggled to translate for many Central American children refugees as their legal interpreter. The forty answers that determine whether they get a legal status or get deported back to the terrors they were running from.

Although immigrant women bear a disproportionate burden of chronic disease and mental health issues, limited research addresses how to promote their mental wellbeing. The authors first describe grounded theory findings from community-based focus group research with 57 racialized immigrant women in Toronto, Canada that used a critical gender and intersectional lens to explore the links among settlement, wellbeing, and activism. Secondly a community mobilization strategy is described whereby racialized immigrant women discuss activism as a feature of wellbeing in various language communities while creating meaningful health promotion resources. Implications for creating activism-based initiatives to promoting women's wellbeing are discussed.

Remerciements Je tiens d'abord à remercier mes parents de m'avoir permis de suivre ces études. Pour ce travail, je remercie particulièrement mon père pour ses corrections minutieuses, ainsi que ma mère pour ses commentaires avisés. Mes remerciements vont aussi à mes collègues de salle de cartographie et de cafétéria, lesquels ont rendu le travail plus agréable : Aude, Claudio, Evelyne, Jérôme, Sam, etc. Et mes remerciements vont enfin à mon directeur de mémoire, Etienne Piguet, à Raffaele, ainsi qu'à toutes les personnes interrogées, parfois même quelque peu harcelées pour ce mémoire. Les employeurs, les conseillers des agences de placement, les autorités cantonales, etc. Je salue au passage les employés de l'OFS, qui m'ont toujours fourni les statistiques demandées dans des délais défiant toute concurrence. Photo couverture : www.objectifreussir.ch L'IMMIGRATION DES INFIRMIERES EN SUISSE 3 R Ré és su um mé é De longue date, il est fait état d'une pénurie de personnel infirmier en Suisse comme dans de nombreux autres pays à travers le monde. Pour pallier à ce manque, il est communément fait recours à du personnel étranger. Cette recherche se focalise sur le phénomène de l'immigration du personnel infirmier dans les hôpitaux de Suisse romande. Pour comprendre l'importance du personnel étranger ainsi que sa composition nationale, trois éléments sont passés en revue, lesquels interviennent sur les pratiques de recrutement : l'intensité de la pénurie, le rôle des agences de placement ainsi que les contraintes légales.

The major aim of this article is to examine how migrations affect private governance, taking as a case study the Prud'homie de pêche, a private order that has governed the fishery of Marseille for the past six centuries. Scholarship generally argues that social norms guarantee the efficiency of private orders and their ability to resist the arrival of newcomers. My data suggests that the Prud'homie has failed to accommodate social changes prompted by migratory flows, not despite but because of its social norms. This paper suggests that social norms are not only powerful tools of governance for private orders, but also forces of inertia that can prevent these orders from accommodating social changes.

In recent years, instances of nativist, anti-immigrant sentiment have spread beyond traditional border states into "new destination" cities and towns throughout the North and Southeast. Virginia, the site for many of the most reactionary forms of anti-immigrant ordinances, is one case in point. In this paper we use data from the 2007 Virginia Survey of Anti-Immigrant Sentiment (N = 1072) conducted on the eve of the US Senate deliberations over immigration reform. Our analysis uses fixed effects models to evaluate the explanatory power of three of the dominant explanations of anti-immigrant sentiment: group threat, contact, and cultural perspectives. Our findings reveal two key points. First, although we do find scattered evidence in support of the contact and group threat approaches, evidence affirming the cultural approach seems particularly strong. Second, variables emphasized by these separate models interact in significant and interesting ways, suggesting the need to integrate these competing perspectives into fuller and more powerful models that specify how local cultural characteristics moderate the effects of macro-structural conditions.

Tourism and Immigration on first brush seem like an odd combination to share a governance webpage. However think of it as temporary and permanent visitors to our region. At any rate I have a letter posted below that highlights the critical shortcoming of Nova Scotia’s governance on both matters, and it is my hope that via self-governance the Province of C.B.I. can turn a mismanaged shortcoming into a strategic comparative advantage and thus essentially tourism and immigration prospectively represent 2 key platform areas for growth of our future new province.

(Español) Javier Fernández-Lasquetty incluye en este artículo principios liberales para una política de integración de los inmigrantes y analiza la actual situación de la inmigración y su evolución en España. Y lo hace con abundancia de datos, interesándose por sus aspectos más destacados: sus circunstancias legales, el impacto de la crisis económica sobre la inmigración y el acceso y utilización de los servicios públicos por los inmigrantes, además de exponer los retos actuales en la política de extranjería española.

(English) Javier Fernández-Lasquetty includes in this article classical-liberal principles for an immigration integrating policy and analyses the current situation of immigration and its evolution in Spain. And he does so with plenty of data, thinking about its more outstanding aspects: its legal circumstances, the impact of the economic crisis on immigration, and the access and use of public services by immigrants, on top of
discussing the current challenges of Spanish immigration policies.

Background: The World Health Organization adopted the Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health Workforce 2030 in May 2016. It sets specific milestones for improving health workforce planning in member countries, such as developing a health workforce registry by 2020 and ensuring workforce self-sufficiency by halving dependency on foreign-trained health professionals. Canada falls short in achieving these milestones due to the absence of such a registry and a poor understanding of immigrants in the health workforce, particularly nursing and healthcare support occupations. This paper provides a multiscale (Canada, Ontario, and Ontario’s Local Health Integration Networks) overview of immigrant participation in nursing and health care support occupations, discusses associated enumeration challenges, and the implications for health workforce planning focusing on immigrants.Methods: Descriptive data analysis was performed on Canadian Institute for Health Information dataset for 2010 ...

An accurate understanding of factors influencing survival and how they affect population growth are required to determine the best conservation strategies for small populations, especially near the limit of a species' range. We estimated adult and juvenile survival for a small population of the threatened western snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) in coastal northern California over 7 years (2001-2007). We also evaluated population structure and growth to determine the relative importance of immigration and local recruitment. Apparent survival for adult males (w 5 0.61 6 0.08) was greater than that of adult females (w 5 0.50 6 0.11), and survival of adults was greater than for juveniles (w 5 0.40 6 0.06). An algebraic assessment of population growth (l) revealed that fecundity and survival were insufficient to maintain the population (l 5 0.66-0.77), whereas estimates based on consecutive annual counts (l 5 0.96 6 0.26) and a Pradel model (l 5 0.92 6 0.11) suggested the population was more stable. These results, combined with annual variation in the number of newly marked plovers, indicate that the local population was maintained by immigration and can be classified as a sink. Management actions aimed at increasing fecundity, including predator control and greater restrictions on human activity, may be necessary to maintain this population; actions aimed at increasing adult survival are more challenging.