Ideal Ethics

We derive and analyze several low dimensional Hamiltonian normal forms describing system symmetry breaking in ideal hydrodynamics. The equations depend on two parameters ( , λ), where is the strength of a system symmetry breaking perturbation and λ is a detuning parameter. In many cases the resulting equations are completely integrable and have an interesting Hamiltonian structure. Our work is motivated by three-dimensional instabilities of rotating columnar fluid flows with circular streamlines (such as the Burger vortex) subjected to precession, elliptical distortion or off-center displacement.

This article is a text analysis with ecocriticism perspective on a legendary best seller fantasy novel written by JRR. Tolkien entitled The Lord of the Rings the Fellowship of The Rings (2002). This research's purpose is to prove that nature representation and its interelation with living being in Shire and Old Forest, two iconic setting of the novel, can be seen as Tolkien's agenda to bring the latest discourse of environmental damage. Another purpose is to find the ecocritic the paradigm in related to the agenda of ecocriticism of living harmoniously and ideal with nature. This research uses decriptive qualitative method by applying the specific ecocriticism perspective from Gerg Garard and Cheryl Glotfelty, two prominent scholars of the field. They argue an ideal literary work should contain the political ideas of ecocriticism which should be able in contributing of nature preservation. This research concludes that the hobbit 's daily life in Shire is a critic toward overly exploitative contemporary society, which resulted in massive environmental damage. Tolkien, through his work criticizes and offers the ideal interelation between human with the ecosytem. Another important character from Old Forest is Tom Bombadil who shows the idea to achieve the ideal interelation between living being and nature. From his prespective, this research concludes that, the ideal interalation can only be achieved by following biocentrism, a paradigm that believes in the equality for every creature and habitat or nonliving in ecosphere.

Théorie LSDA + U Ordre multipolaire Magnetic phase transitions that involve multipolar degrees of freedom have been widely studied during the last couple of decades, challenging the common approximation which assumes that the physical properties of a magnetic material could be effectively described by purely dipolar degrees of freedom. Due to the complexity of the problem and to the large number of competing interactions involved, the simple (fcc) crystal structure of the actinide dioxides made them the ideal playground system for such theoretical and experimental studies. In the present paper, we summarize our recent attempts to provide an ab initio description of the ordered phases of UO 2 , NpO 2 , and AmO 2 by means of stateof-the-art LDA + U first-principles calculations. This systematic analysis of the electronic structures is here naturally connected to the local crystalline fields of the 5f states in the actinide dioxide series. Related to these we find that the mechanisms which lead to the experimentally observed insulating ground states work in distinctly different ways for each compound.

We present a comparative evaluation of various techniques for action recognition while keeping as many variables as possible controlled. We employ two categories of Riemannian manifolds: symmetric positive definite matrices and linear subspaces. For both categories we use their corresponding nearest neighbour classifiers, kernels, and recent kernelised sparse representations. We compare against traditional action recognition techniques based on Gaussian mixture models and Fisher vectors (FVs). We evaluate these action recognition techniques under ideal conditions, as well as their sensitivity in more challenging conditions (variations in scale and translation). Despite recent advancements for handling manifolds, manifold based techniques obtain the lowest performance and their kernel representations are more unstable in the presence of challenging conditions. The FV approach obtains the highest accuracy under ideal conditions. Moreover, FV best deals with moderate scale and translation changes.

This article explores some of the unresolved tensions between `universalistic' and `relativistic' approaches in the establishment of standards and strategies designed to prevent or overcome the abuse of children's capacity to work. Global standards (on children's rights, on unacceptable or intolerable forms of children's work, etc.) require universal notions of (ideal, normal or `tolerable') childhood, while cultural relativism stresses the idea that notions of childhood are themselves socially constructed and therefore specific to time, place, nation and culture. These tensions are discussed in the context of current discussions on the ILO's proposed new international convention on the `prohibition and immediate elimination of the worst forms of child labour'.

Group actions are a useful technique for examining the symmetry and automorphism characteristics of rings. The concept of intuitionistic fuzzy ideals in rings has been broadened with the inclusion of the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy primary and semiprimary ideals. The purpose of this article is to extend the group action to the intuitionistic fuzzy ideals of a ring R with group action on it and to derive a relation between the intuitionistic fuzzy G-primary (G-semiprimary) ideals and the intuitionistic fuzzy primary (semiprimary) ideals of R. We established that the largest G-invariant intuitionistic fuzzy ideal contained in an intuitionistic fuzzy primary (semiprimary) ideal is an intuitionistic fuzzy G-primary (G-semiprimary) ideal of R. Conversely, if Q is an intuitionistic fuzzy G-primary (G-semiprimary) ideal of R, then there exists an intuitionistic fuzzy primary (semiprimary) ideal P of R such that P G = Q. We also investigate the relationships between the intuitionistic fuzzy G-primary (G-semiprimary) ideals of R and their level cuts under this group action. Additionally, we establish a suitable characterization of intuitionistic fuzzy G-primary (G-semiprimary) ideals of R in terms of intuitionistic fuzzy points in R under this group action. In addition to these, we also investigate the preservation of the image and pre-image of an intuitionistic fuzzy G-primary (G-semiprimary) ideal of a ring under G-homomorphism.

This study concentrates on the evaluation of value system in Nigeria and its effect on education, using the philosophical approach. It employed the logical inference and ideal statements. The work was guided by four axiological questions: (a) Are values extrinsic or intrinsic? (b) Are values subjective or objective? (c)Are values relative or absolute? and (d) Is there hierarchy of values?. In order to answer the above questions raised, the various theories of moral values were therefore explained. Furthermore, the value situation in the Nigerian society and its effect on education were vividly x-rayed. Finally, the writer focuses on the Renewed Hope for the Nigerian Education. It is the writers' opinion that values are standards of conduct, efficiency or worth that the society endorses, maintains and transmits to future generation. The failure of the Nigerian education subsector is to a large extent caused by the subjectivity and relativity in which values are treated in the country. No society in the author's view can achieve its target if its values are left at the mercy of the individual's situation, circumstance and time.

The concept of linear tangle was introduced as an obstruction to mixed searching number. The concept of (maximal) single ideal has been introduced as an obstruction to linear-width. Moreover, it was already known that mixed search number is equivalent to linear-width. Hence, by combining those results, we obtain a proof of the equivalence between linear tangle and maximal single ideal. This short report gives an alternative proof of the equivalence.

The concept of linear tangle was introduced as an obstruction to mixed searching number. The concept of (maximal) single ideal has been introduced as an obstruction to linear-width. Moreover, it was already known that mixed search number is equivalent to linear-width. Hence, by combining those results, we obtain a proof of the equivalence between linear tangle and maximal single ideal. This short report gives an alternative proof of the equivalence.

As a proper generalization of injective modules in term of supplements, we say that a module M has the property (ME) if, whenever M ⊆ N, M has a supplement K in N, where K has a mutual supplement in N. In this study, we obtain that (1) a semisimple R-module M has the property (E) if and only if M has the property (ME); (2) a semisimple left R-module M over a commutative Noetherian ring R has the property (ME) if and only if M is algebraically compact if and only if almost all isotopic components of M are zero; (3) a module M over a von Neumann regular ring has the property (ME) if and only if it is injective; (4) a principal ideal domain R is left perfect if every free left R-module has the property (ME)

As a proper generalization of injective modules in term of supplements, we say that a module $M$ has the property (ME) if, whenever $M\subseteq N$, $M$ has a supplement $K$ in $N$, where $K$ has a mutual supplement in $N$. In this study, we obtain that $(1)$ a semisimple $R$-module $M$ has the property (E) if and only if $M$ has the property (ME); $(2)$ a semisimple left $R$-module $M$ over a commutative Noetherian ring $R$ has the property (ME) if and only if $M$ is algebraically compact if and only if almost all isotopic components of $M$ are zero; $(3)$ a module $M$ over a von Neumann regular ring has the property (ME) if and only if it is injective; $(4)$ a principal ideal domain $R$ is left perfect if every free left $R$-module has the property (ME)

We say that a module M is a closed cofinitely weak generalized supplemented module or briefly ccwgs-module if for every N ≤ cc M, N has a weak Rad-supplement in M. In this article, the various properties of ccwgs-modules are given as a proper generalization of cofinitely weak Rad-supplemented modules. We prove that every cofinite direct sum of a ccwgs-module is a ccwgs-module. In particular, we also prove that every ccwgs-module over a left Bass ring is a ccws-module. Finally, we show that the notion of cofinitely weak Rad-supplemented modules and the notion of ccwgs-modules are equivalent under some special conditions.

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All rings considered are commutative with unity and all groups considered are abelian. We give a characterization of a pure augmentation ideal, I(G), of a group ring, R(G). We study the relationship between the p-injectivity of R(G) and the p-injectivity of its ideal I(G).

Abstract. Let R be a commutative ring with unity and HR the ring of Hurwitz series over R. In this paper we study some algebraic properties of Hurwitz series ring. In particular, we prove that HR is a uniquely clean (n-clean) ring if and only if R is a uniquely clean (n-clean) ring. We ...

In this paper we study some properties of associate and presimplifiable rings. We give a characterization of the associate (resp., domainlike) pullback P of R1 → R3 ← R2 , where R1 and R2 are two presimplifiable (resp., domainlike) rings. We prove that R is presimplifiable ring if and only if the factor ring R/nil(R) is presimplifiable and the ideal nil(R) is presimplifiable. Then we investigate the associate and presimplifiable property of the dual rings R[x]/ x 2 and its modules through the base ring R and its modules.

We present a comparative evaluation of various techniques for action recognition while keeping as many variables as possible controlled. We employ two categories of Riemannian manifolds: symmetric positive definite matrices and linear subspaces. For both categories we use their corresponding nearest neighbour classifiers, kernels, and recent kernelised sparse representations. We compare against traditional action recognition techniques based on Gaussian mixture models and Fisher vectors (FVs). We evaluate these action recognition techniques under ideal conditions, as well as their sensitivity in more challenging conditions (variations in scale and translation). Despite recent advancements for handling manifolds, manifold based techniques obtain the lowest performance and their kernel representations are more unstable in the presence of challenging conditions. The FV approach obtains the highest accuracy under ideal conditions. Moreover, FV best deals with moderate scale and translation changes.

A r t í c u l o d e i n v e s t i g a c i ó n c i e n t í f i c a R e c i b i d o : 2 4 d e m a r z o d e 2 0 1 2 -A c e p t a d o : 2 0 d e m a r z o d e 2 0 1 3 * Agradecemos al CONACYT el financiamiento, con Registro n.° 131865, otorgado al Dr. Juan Manuel Mancilla-Diaz y la beca, n.° 263772/223195, otorgada a la Psic. Adriana Amaya Hernández para estudios de posgrado. Este estudio indaga si la edad, la consciencia y la interiorización del ideal corporal predicen la insatisfacción corporal y las conductas alimentarias anómalas, en una muestra de 144 mujeres y 138 hombres, en dos grupos de diferentes edades (9-12 y 13-15 años). Para tal fin se aplicaron tres cuestionarios: Cuestionario

This article makes two key claims in succession. First of all, Kant's own religious hope is significantly and studiedly distanced from the traditions of Christianity that he would have received, in ways that have not yet been fully, or widely, appreciated. Kant makes an ideal moral community the object of our religious hopes, and not the transcendent God of the tradition. Secondly, Kant nonetheless has a notion of transcendence at play, but in a strikingly different key to traditional Christianity. Both concepts of transcendence, the Christian and the Kantian, deflate, in their own distinctive ways, our hopes for politics and history, in a way that can unsettle the certainties, and vanities, of both the traditional theologian and the secular Rawlsian. The Christian hope is not the same as Kant's religious hope, and Kant's hope is religious, and distinct, in origin, depth, and ambition, from his more limited hope for politics.

Conceived as an analysis of the reception of Nietzsche`s ethics, assumed as a project for an aesthetic of existence, at the crossroads of modernism and postmodernism, this article explores the way in which the whole art of living could be interpreted following two significant moments: the "death of God", proposed by Nietzsche, and the "death of the Author", mentioned by Michel Foucault. More precisely, I investigate the way in which the two moments will test common assumptions exploited in different philosophical directions. In this regard, I suggest understanding the manner in which the death of God develops philosophy as an art of transfiguration, endowed with a metaphysical nostalgia meant to influence Foucault`s perspectivism and genealogy. This paper is an attempt to criticize the modern subject -considered through the theme of the selfhood -and the ascetic ideal as elements submitted to the art of living that Foucault inherited from Nietzsche. Thus, I advocate for the development of Nietzsche`s ascetic ideal assumed as part of the aesthetics of the existence in which self-denial suggests not only a dynamic conception of discipline, achieved through the equivalence between giving life a meaning and surviving to the weakness, but also a narrative method, dramatized, of opening the subject as an exponent of consciousness. I assume the fact that such a statement proposes accepting a subject consisted in the heritage of "morality of mores" practices, from Nietzsche`s construction, resignificated by Foucault in his "practices of the self". This kind of approach seems to present the impasse of the aesthetics of existence caused by the perennial returning at a model of ascetic ideal, adjusted, upgraded, in such a form that modernity is announced, in the light of this movement, as a dimension consacrated to the constituing of the self as a work of art tributary to ethical reforms of the art of living.

Collagen is one of the most widely used biological materials in medical design. Collagen extracted from marine organisms can be a good biomaterial for tissue engineering applications due to its suitable properties. In this study, collagen is extracted from fish skin of Ctenopharyngodon Idella; then, the freeze drying method is used to design a porous scaffold. The scaffolds are modified with the chemical crosslinker N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) to improve some of the overall properties. The extracted collagen samples are evaluated by various analyzes including cytotoxicity test, SDS-PAGE, FTIR, DSC, SEM, biodegradability and cell culture. The results of the SDS-PAGE study demonstrate well the protein patterns of the extracted collagen. The results show that cross-linking of collagen scaffold increases denaturation temperature and degradation time. The results of cytotoxicity show that the modified scaffolds have no toxicity. The cell adhesion study also shows that epithelial cells adhere well to the scaffold. Therefore, this method of chemical modification of collagen scaffold can improve the physical and biological properties. Overall, the modified collagen scaffold can be a promising candidate for tissue engineering applications.

We find that insertion of glassy disorder, accidental or engineered, can lead to enhancement of metrological precision in estimating an unknown parameter of a quantum system. We compare the Fisher information-based lower bound of the minimum standard deviation of an estimated parameter, in presence of glassy disorder in the system, with the same of an ideal, viz. disorder-free, situation. We find instances where the disorder-averaged error in estimation outperforms the same for a disorder-less scenario for uncorrelated as well as copies of twoqubit maximally entangled probes. The advantage in the accuracy of measurement obtained in a disordered situation over the ideal one is often greater than the corresponding dispersion of the disorder-induced error distribution, and in such cases, we refer to the effect as an example of "order from disorder". Moreover, disorder insertion can reduce the requirement of entanglement content of the initial probes, which are copies of two-qubit states, along with providing a disorder-induced enhancement.

Одним из ключевых философских вопросов выступает ее онтологическая природа. На протяжении последних 40 лет в философии существуют две конкурирующие меж ду собой концепции информации. Согласно атрибутивной концепции информация присуща всем физическим процессам и системам. При этом она связывается с отра жением, разнообразием, неоднородностью. Ей противостоит функциональная кон цепция, сторонники которой считают, что информация связана с отражением, одна ко она есть свойство лишь самоорганизующихся и самоуправляемых систем в живой природе, социуме и кибернетических системах, созданных человеком. Определенные 253 2017 -№1

We construct a secure protocol for any multi-party functionality that remains secure (under a relaxed definition of security introduced by Prabhakaran and Sahai (STOC '04)) when executed concurrently with multiple copies of itself and other protocols, without any assumptions on existence of trusted parties, common reference string, honest majority or synchronicity of the network. The relaxation of security is obtained by allowing the ideal-model simulator to run in quai-polynomial (as opposed to polynomial) time. Quasipolynomial simulation suffices to ensure security for most applications of multi-party computation. Furthermore, Lindell (FOCS '03, TCC' 04) recently showed that such a protocol is impossible to obtain under the more standard definition of polynomial-time simulation by an ideal adversary. Our construction is the first such protocol under reasonably standard cryptographic assumptions (i.e., existence of a hash function collection that is collision resistent with respect to circuits of subexponential size, and existence of trapdoor permutations which are secure with respect to circuits of quasi-polynomial size). We introduce a new technique: "protocol condensing". That is, taking a protocol that has strong security properties but requires super-polynomial communication and computation, and then transforming it into a protocol with polynomial communication and computation, that still inherits the strong security properties of the original protocol. Our result is obtained by combining this technique with previous techniques of Canetti, Lindell, Ostrovsky, and Sahai (STOC '02) and Pass (STOC '04).

We propose a modification to the framework of Universally Composable (UC) security . Our new notion, involves comparing the protocol executions with an ideal execution involving ideal functionalities (just as in UC-security), but allowing the environment and adversary access to some super-polynomial computational power. We argue the meaningfulness of the new notion, which in particular subsumes many of the traditional notions of security. We generalize the Universal Composition theorem of to the new setting. Then under new computational assumptions, we realize secure multi-party computation (for static adversaries) without a common reference string or any other set-up assumptions, in the new framework. This is known to be impossible under the UC framework.

Marketing researchers commonly interpret joint-space solutions as if the distances between the points from different sets are meaningful. This is our practice despite appropriate warnings from the authors of joint-space methods that the origin (or metric) of the row objects is not the same as the origin (or metric) of the column objects -making inter-set distances meaningless. We develop a method of metric unfolding where, given only the inter-set judgments, we still retrieve a joint space in which inter-set distances are meaningful. We illustrate this method using: a) a classic car-preference data typically analyzed with MDPref, b) an example involving children's wear in which splitting the stimuli into two groups and collecting inter-set similarities substantially reduces the data collection burden, while providing a readily interpretable perceptual map, c) individual level inter-set judgments of soft drinks to obtain individual level perceptual maps, d) adjective-association data for athletic shoes to produce a joint space for brand image, and e) asymmetric switching data from the Japanese beer market to reflect clout and vulnerability. The ability to properly employ inter-set distances as simple distances greatly facilitates interpretation of these joint-space solutions.

Kebudayaan adalah keseluruhan sistem gagasan, tindakan, dan hasil karya manusia dalam kehidupan masyarakat yang dijadikan milik diri manusia dengan belajar. Kebudayaan memiliki tujuh unsur, yaitu bahasa, sistem teknologi, sistem mata pencaharian, organisasi sosial, sistem pengetahuan, sistem religi, dan kesenian (Koentjaraningrat, 2009: 144). Wayang sebagai salah satu hasil karya dari kebudayaan banyak dikembangkan ke dalam bentuk pertunjukan seni ataupun bentuk cerita pewayangan.

Based on classical results of Rees and on multivariate Hilbert polynomials, we define new mixed multiplicities of two arbitrary ideals in a local ring (A, m) and use them to express the local degrees of all varieties appearing in the Gaffney-Gassler construction of Segre cycles. We prove that the classical mixed multiplicities of m and an arbitrary ideal I, which are a special case of the new ones, are equal to the generalized Samuel multiplicities of an ideal in the Rees algebra R I (A). This equality is used to improve a result of Jeffries, Montaño and Varbaro on the degree of the fiber cone of an ideal. We conclude the paper with formulas (and their inverses) which express the degrees of Segre classes of subschemes of arbitrary projective varieties by generalized Samuel multiplicities or by classical mixed multiplicities. Using the mixed multiplicities of balanced rational normal scrolls, which have been computed by Hoang and Lam, we find the mixed multiplicities of all rational normal scrolls as well as their Segre classes and their generalized Samuel multiplicities.

The paper focuses on the historical discourse produced by the “Caliphate of the Islamic State,” a quasi-state that existed from 2014 to 2017 and was created by a terrorist group (it was not recognized by any country in the world; in 2014 the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation banned its activities in Russia). Particular attention is paid to the ways, in which ideologists of the "caliphate" utilized their appeals to the early Islamic historical past in the processes of state-building, constructing “the hostile Other”, and shaping territorial identity of the quasi-state. Such appeals were employed to construct an ideal order to be strictly followed, to legitimize the dominant role the Islamic State’s ideologists as interpreters of this order and to mobilize one’s own group against “the hostile Other”. In the process of constructing the “ideal caliphate” of the past, ideologists took out of historical contexts both various features of those governmental systems that exis...

We study the ideal generated by polynomials vanishing on a semialgebraic set and propose an algorithm to calculate the generators, which is based on some techniques of the cylindrical algebraic decomposition. By applying these, polynomial optimization problems with polynomial equality constraints can be modified equivalently so that the associated semidefinite programming relaxation problems have no duality gap. Elementary proofs for some criteria on reality of ideals are also given.

The theme of this special edition derives from the 10 th Annual Teaching and Learning Conference, which focussed on advancing teaching innovation and research excellence in higher education. We were privileged to have hosted one of the world's most eminent scholars of the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL), Lee Shuman. Offering profound insights into the intersection of research and practice within the landscape of the Academy, Shulman asked: 'What is "evidence" for the improvement of teaching and learning in an unscripted and highly contextualized world?' He argued that 'whether describing good medical practice, educational design, or management in business, experts insist that judgments and decisions are evidence-based.' Setting up for scrutiny the distinctions amongst evidence, conjecture, speculation, anecdote or fantasy, he challenged us to consider how we use, acquire, create or defend what counts as 'evidence' in our pedagogies and our designs. The question of evidence is particularly relevant in the context of challenging the archetypical university teacher who is expected to conduct research, teach, and perform community service. As teaching rises beyond the status of the 'poor cousin' of research, academics increasingly have an obligation to make public the 'evidence' that characterises teaching excellence. Performance metrics no longer suffice as indicators of excellence, nor do selfstudy narratives. As Hutchings, Huber and Ciccone implored in SoTL Reconsidered (2011), we have an obligation to move scholarship to the epicentre of individual and institutional work by researching teaching, learning, and professional development, while simultaneously recognising and rewarding

The importance of the article is determined by "deficiency of projection" observed in the field of political ideology. Moreover, the available data (including in social and humanitarian technologies) don't have a goal of being implemented in practice. The article examines «nonclassical turn» in utopianism at the beginning of the 20 th century, when the nature of the utopian ideal was altered and the transcendental ideal of classical utopia was replaced by an immanent ideal of nonclassical utopia that essentially advanced the social development of mankind. Our research is based on the historical method and the article shows that utopian texts are varieties of historical sources which can reveal the features of public consciousness of certain historical periods. The data presented can be useful for political scientists, sociologists and historians who deal with the problems of the evolution of public consciousness and the perception of social time.

The existing studies conducted in the field of social ideals are characterised by the Eurocentric approach. The aim of the given paper is to analyse two varieties of social ideal created in China and Great Britain at the beginning of the XXth century, which share a number of common peculiarities. The first one was offered by a British socialist, a member of the Fabian society -Herbert George Wells (1866Wells ( -1946)), the second was created by a famous Chinese thinker, a reformer and a representative of modern Neo-Confucianism -Kang Youwei (1858 -1927). The research is based on the comparative method with the application of the functional analysis. It allowed us to compare the social ideals created within two genetically non-related cultures. The article shows that both Wells and Kang Youwei were concerned with global world reorganization, however they come to different results. Wells offered the model of an elite and authoritative Utopia, whose citizens are exposed to selection and segregation according to the strict moral code based on Confucianism. Regulations and standards are carried out by a special organization, the Samurai Order, which is very similar to the "guards" of the Plato Republic or phylarhces in Thomas More's Utopia. Kang Youwei offered the model of absolute freedom and open society free from any social, intellectual, ethnic and gender barriers. Moreover, he considered hedonism as the key feature of the human nature. The article submissions may be useful for researchers dealing with social utopias, comparative philosophy and history of social thought of the XXth century.

The program focuses on conceptual understanding, higher order thinking, and problem solving in elementary school teaching of mathematics, science, social studies, literature, and the arts. Center researchers are identifying exemplary curriculum, instruction, and evaluation practices in the teaching of these school subjects; studying these practices to build new hypotheses about how the effectiveness of elementary schools can be improved; testing these hypotheses through school-based research; and making specific recommendations for the improvement of school policies, instructional materials, assessment procedures, and teaching practices. Research questions include, What content should be taught when teaching these subjects for understanding and use of knowledge? How do teachers concentrate their teachirg to il3C their limited resources best? and In what ways is good teaching subject matter-specific? The work is designed to unfold in three phases, beginning with literature review and interview studies designed to elicit and synthesize the points of view of various stakeholders (representatives of the underlying academic disciplines, intellectual leaders and organizations concerned with curriculum and instruction in school subjects, classroom teachers, state-and district-level policymakers) concerning ideal curriculum, instruction, and evaluation practices in these five content areas at the elementary level. Phase II involves interview and observation methods designed to describe current practice, and in particular, best practice as observed in the classrooms of teachers believed to be outstanding. Phase II also involves analysis of curricula (both widely used curriculum series and distinctive curricula developed with special emphasis on conceptual understanding and higher order applications), as another approach to gathering information about current p7actices. In Phase III, models of ideal practice will be developed, based on what has been learned and synthesized from the first two phases, and will be tested through classroom intervention studies.

This report summarizes and compares findings of researchers' and teachers' opinions in six subject areas (literature, social studies, science, mathematics, music, and art) about ideal and actual elementary school curricula. Three researchers and three teachers participated in each subject area. Participants were asked to write detailed responses to a questionnaire eliciting views about actual and ideal curricula. Five-to 6-hour interviews were conducted regarding ideal curricula and opinions concerning the most widely used textbook series in participants' subject area. Analyses revealed that all participants agreed that existing curricula material should be revised to focus on a limited number of key understandings that might be taught in greater depth. Despite agreement about the faults of existing curricula, however, there was considerable difference of opinion about how to improve current practice. Teachers tended to approach curriculum planning with the child in mind; researchers approached planning with the discipline in mind. Another key distinction related to differences in how respondents viewed the nature of knowledge. (MM)

Статья посвящена оценке современным студенчеством роли вуза
как института социализации в укреплении ценности семьи, подготовке к вступлению
в брак, рождению и воспитанию детей. По результатам социологического исследо-
вания, проведенного в 2023 году, авторы рассматривают спектр проблем, связанных
с содержанием учебного процесса, и формулируют предложения по его оптимизации
в контексте демографической политики государства. Эмпирической базой исследования
выступили: 1) материалы анкетного опроса российской студенческой молодежи (бака-
лавриат и магистратура) из Москвы, Санкт-Петербурга, Казани, Иркутска, Оренбурга,
Пскова, Краснодара, Перми и Ставрополя (N=719); 2) результаты серии фокус-групп
со студентами Пермского государственного национального исследовательского универ-
ситета (N=36). Цель статьи — характеристика представлений российского студенчества
о влиянии вузовской среды на формирование и реализацию ценности семьи. По мне-
нию опрошенных представителей российского студенчества, в настоящее время обра-
зовательная среда вуза продолжает быть сфокусированной на решении учебных задач:
передаче знаний и навыков, требуемых для успешного трудоустройства выпускников,
и создании благоприятных для обучения условий — обеспечении студентов местами
в общежитии, формировании стипендиального фонда. Авторы утверждают, что пред-
принимаемые меры по укреплению семейных ценностей в вузах пока недостаточны:
наиболее низко опрошенные студенты оценивают такие условия, как учет семейного
положения целевых выпускников при их распределении, наличие психологической
и медицинской служб, использование разных форматов обсуждения проблем семьи
и деторождения. В то же время в ряде вузов актуализируются и усиливаются установки
на поддержание баланса учебной деятельности и воспитательной работы в сфере за-
боты о семье и семейных ценностях. Авторы делают вывод о необходимости дальней-
шего совершенствования учебно-методических, организационных инфраструктурных
и иных условий поддержания семьесберегающей среды вуза.

This article examines the four principles of biomedical ethics introduced by Beauchamp and Childress for possible use in deliberating ethical issues that arise in the context of physician-pharmaceutical industry interactions (PPII). PPII is regarded as a threat to the ideal physician-patient relationship because it blurs the scientific, objective, and altruistic ideals of professional medical practice. Several guidelines have been proposed to redress the undesirable effects of PPII, but few have provided any ethical justification or mechanism to resolve possible internal conflicts. The principle-based approach is a good starting point because it focuses on practical solutions for decision-making as well as on theoretical justifications. This article shows how the four ethical principles can be specified and applied in three hypothetical cases of PPII, and how two practical rules, the rule of transparency and avoidance, can be assimilated.

Starting point of this presentation is the contention that from an ethical point of view classic TA, but also new forms of TA like ‘interactive’ or ‘constructive’ TA, fail to do justice to the fundamental openness of the future as well as to the radical disagreements about values that are characteristic of our technological culture. To remedy these deficiencies a shift in ethical thinking is needed from the ‘context of justification’ to the ‘context of discovery’. We have to attach as much importance to the justification of moral judgments as to heuristics, to the ‘art of invention’.

Systems of polynomial equations are commonly used to model combinatorial problems such as independent set, graph coloring, Hamiltonian path, and others. We formulate the dominating set problem as a system of polynomial equations in two different ways: first, as a single, high-degree polynomial, and second as a collection of polynomials based on the complements of domination-critical graphs. We then provide a sufficient criterion for demonstrating that a particular ideal representation is already the universal Grobner bases of an ideal, and show that the second representation of the dominating set ideal in terms of domination-critical graphs is the universal Grobner basis for that ideal. We also present the first algebraic formulation of Vizing's conjecture, and discuss the theoretical and computational ramifications to this conjecture when using either of the two dominating set representations described above.

This article presents findings of a snowball survey of the language provision offered by churches and how these churches view themselves in terms of cultural and linguistic diversity. Within this, the characteristics of churches with interpreting are compared to those of churches offering weekend services in only one language. While definitive findings are not possible due to small sample sizes, the survey found a complex relationship between churches' views of their diversity and the language provision they offer, as well as a strong link between the use of interpreting and satisfaction with language provision. A high proportion of churches also reported using professionals, in direct contradiction to much of the available literature. Yet an even higher proportion report they favoured the use of interpreters from within the church, in line with prior research. The importance of these results for research on church interpreting and multilingual church is discussed, especially regarding the need to contextualise research within the churches in which language provision is offered.

This essay investigates the contested processes through which gender and racial ideologies are practiced thereby place specific group of women in particular gendered and racialized labor markets. The migration of female live-in care workers to Taiwan exemplifies how gender and racial ideologies are embodied in everyday practices that justify the paid care work done by these women and that produce their subordinate status. In this essay, I take the problematic of representation of "migrant care workers" as a point of entry, to investigate how a gendered-racialized ideology is utilized to legitimate and naturalize the gendered-racialized division of care labor within the global capitalist context.

Scheduling theory is something of a jungle, encompassing a bewildering variety of problem types. In this book we shall be concerned with only a limited variety of the animals in this jungle, namely those which are deterministic machine scheduling problems. With the right techniques, some of these animals are easily domesticated. But others are quite intractable and submit to the taming techniques of combinatorial optimization with great difficulty. Before learning how to train these animals, we must be able to identify them and describe them. That is the purpose of this chapter.