Human Mobility

People move, finances move, so does the cultures, artefacts, goods and food. Remittances literature expanded significantly in the last two decades to cover more of what we refer to as social remittances. Social remittances refer to often intangible elements, cultural artefacts, habits, opinions, attitudes, beliefs, values transferred by migrants from destination countries to their home countries. Through studies on migrant remittances, we know that even in terms of financial transfers, remittances operate in corridors and in a two-way fashion. One third of remittances are sent to countries which are called " advanced economies ". United Kingdom, Germany, France are among the top remittance receiving countries as well as leading the table of sending countries. In this paper, I explore the ways in which social remittances change the foodscapes of destination countries with particular reference to Döner Kebab in the United Kingdom. Until two decades ago, Döner Kebab was a rare meal you would enjoy when holidaying in Turkey or if you happen to be in that cosy corner of North London. Nevertheless, in 2010s Britain, it became a popular fast food, particularly when it comes to what to eat after a night out. One may find an outlet selling Döner Kebab literally in every city, every town, every neighbourhood, every village in Britain. Multiple forces were in play in the making of Döner Kebab a British national food: 1) practicality of the food itself, 2) growing number of immigrants from Turkey arriving in Britain, 3) labour market disadvantages immigrants face, 4) asylum dispersal policies of the 1990s and 2000s, 5) declining incentives making small shops not viable economically, and 6) increasing number of British tourists visiting Turkey. In this article, a number of hypotheses are proposed for a conceptual model explaining the ways in which foreign food becomes part of the national food/cultural heritage in destination.

Information and communication technologies (ICTs), particularly the adoption of large-scale databases play a crucial role in border management and mobility governance. On April 6, 2016, the European Commission launched a second edited version of the ‘Smart Border Package’ which did not secure consensus in 2013. The Package is designed to overcome one of the major paradoxes of our age: the necessity to leave borders open for
commerce, tourism and education, while at the same time keeping them close to criminals, terrorists, and illegal migrants. By drawing from governmentality and Foucauldian “politics of scientific statement”, this thesis examines the Smart Borders Package as an attempt to (re)construct the security apparatus responsible for the government of human mobility travelling in and out of the Schengen Area.

By submitting the empirical materials to critical discourse analysis, this thesis, first of all, argues that borders have become networked, virtualised, and diffused institutions for policing over the clandestine side of globalisation. Accordingly, mobility is made ‘visible’ and ‘legible’ through the informatization of the body, and simultaneously amenable to intervention by means of ‘the generalised biopolitical border’. Secondly, knowledge in the form of statistics is employed to make uncertainties regarding mobility observable and actionable, whilst risk management opens up spaces for government interventions, ultimately resting on a logic proper of the intelligence field. Thirdly, a new relationship between science and knowledge emerges, culminating in the adoption of a pre-emptive approach to security in the form of dataveillance.

However, challenges to the security apparatus occur when law enforcement and border authorities are urged to take actions in conditions of epistemic uncertainty, which might culminate in practices of statistical discrimination and epistemic injustices. It is suggested that the gathering and processing of information about mobility could result to be both, an asset and entailing possibilities for governmental abuses on innocent third-country nationals. Therefore, greater caution is recommended in applying pre-emptive security strategies in situations where there is a lack of substantial evidence and decisions stem from data-driven knowledge and reasoned imagination.

This is the first volume of the Proceedings of The Migration Conference 2020. The Migration Conference 2020 was held online due to COVID-19 Pandemic and yet, in over 80 parallel sessions and plenaries key migration debates saw nearly 500 experts from around the world engaging. This collection contains contributions mainly dealing with migration and integration debates. These are only a subset of all presentations from authors who chose to submit full short papers for publication after the conference. Most of the contributions are work in progress and unedited versions. The next migration conference is going to be hosted by Ming-Ai Institute in London, UK. Looking forward to continuing the debates on human mobility after the Pandemic. | www.migrationconference.net | @migrationevent | fb.me/MigrationConference | Email: [email protected]

ISBN nº 978-65-89485-03-2 DIREITOS AUTORAIS: É proibida a reprodução parcial ou total desta publicação, por qualquer forma ou meio, sem a prévia autorização da ESENI Editora. Referida vedação se estende às características gráficas da obra e sua editoração. A punição para a violação dos Direitos Autorais é crime previsto no Artigo 184 do Código Penal e as sanções civis às violações dos Direitos Autorais estão previstas nos Artigos 101 a 110

The Marshall Islands is a nation of widely dispersed, low-lying coral atolls and islands, and with climate change causing sea levels to rise and shifting weather patterns, the Marshall Islands is faced with flooding, heat stress and drought. The Marshall Islands Climate and Migration Project studies the multicausal nature of Marshallese migration, as well as its impact on migrants themselves and communities in the Marshall Islands. This policy brief highlights key findings on migration patterns, drivers and impacts, and discusses the tension between being prepared to move and fortifying to stay in place.

Special Issue: Tracking Stone: Recent Approaches to Reconstructing the Transport of Lithic Raw Materials and Artifacts - Edited by Kane Ditchfield and Karen Borrazzo. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
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This paper explores the rhythm of temporary mobility experiences of young Eastern Europeans in Spain, after the European Union (EU) enlargement towards the East. Following Lefebvre's rhythmanalysis approach, and drawing on 60 in-depth qualitative interviews, this paper investigates how rhythms are linked to youth mobility and how different interplays of rhythms are connected and disconnected in multiple ways. I argue that both the EU socioeconomic context and the personal and professional life-course circumstances of young Eastern Europeans who practice mobility create different, uneven rhythms that influence their everyday lives and their perceptions of mobility. This paper highlights the issue of rhythmic change in temporary mobility, uncovering 'arrhythmic' mobility, reflected in the loss and insecurity in the lives of those who practice it; 'polyrhythmic' mobility, practised by people looking to study and/or work and expressed through uncertainty on the one hand and the possibility of establishing a certain rhythm in their lives on the other; and 'eurhythmic' mobility, used by those with a stable professional status in one of the EU countries, in this case, Spain. The conclusions provide a better comprehension of Lefebvre's thinking, offering insights for wider applications. They show the need to advance the theoretical and empirical understandings of rhythm in relation to mobility during the lifecourse.

Starting from the diachronic impact of salt on humanity's numerous activities and spiritual reflexes, the author calls for establishing a new humanist discipline: the anthropology of salt. This first exertion lists the themes developed around salt and the sciences/disciplines involved primarily or sectorially in researching this mineral. The anthropology of salt is a discipline of the future, which will gradually become autonomous as the inter-and trans-disciplinary approaches to common salt will prevail over the mono-or multidisciplinary ones.

It is hard to talk about human mobilities without taking into consideration how mobility is being shaped by and shaping processes of imagination. The key concepts of imagination and mobility have rich and complex genealogies. The matter is even made more complex because there are many related concepts surrounding them. Imagination is
associated with images, imagery and imaginaries, whereas mobility is connected to movement, motion and migration (not to mention its imagined opposite, immobility). To be able to see the forest for the trees, I focus in this critical reflection on a discussion of the concepts themselves. One of the analytical advantages of mobility studies, a
relatively novel field of study, is that it shows us how imagination (a dynamic psychological process) and imaginaries (products of the imagination) are crucial for very different forms of human (im)mobility.

The Marshall Islands is a nation of widely dispersed, low-lying coral atolls and islands, and with climate change causing sea levels to rise and shifting weather patterns, the Marshall Islands is faced with flooding, heat stress and drought. The Marshall Islands Climate and Migration Project studies the multicausal nature of Marshallese migration, as well as its impact on migrants themselves and communities in the Marshall Islands. This policy brief highlights key findings on migration patterns, drivers and impacts, and discusses the tension between being prepared to move and fortifying to stay in place.

Neanderthal shell tools have been discovered in several coastal sites along the Mediterranean Sea in the past 50 years. These technological artefacts have rarely been investigated, and only typological considerations have been published. Recent studies have investigated retouched shell tools at Grotta del Cavallo with a new multidisciplinary methodology, and they have found that the use of Callista chione valves was not related to subsistence strategies but rather to the search for a specific cutting edge, reconstructing the whole chaîne opératoire. In this paper, we focus on some technical aspects of shell tool production that have not been investigated to date: (i) the technical reaction of the shell to retouching on the basis of its microstructural and physical properties, (ii) the identification of technical gestures used during production and (iii) the economic value of shell technology from a technical perspective. The experiments were conducted along with the analysis of the whole lithic assemblage and the economic, technological and technical characteristics of the lithic techno-complex are presented. The results of shell analysis and shell integration within the stone tool techno-economical strategies clearly show that at Grotta del Cavallo, this Neanderthal technical adaptation to coastal resources could be considered an expression of the Quina system. The data presented in this study are discussed in relation to Middle Palaeolithic
behavioural variability, and we emphasise four primary, strictly interdependent concepts: mobility strategies, flexibility of the Quina techno-economic system, social organisation and cognitive features of human groups. The Quina shell technology is the result of a complex modality of adaptation to environmental diversity, and it is related to the Neanderthal capacity for innovation. In this paper, we discuss how and why the innovation of shell technology might have occurred within the Quina system. The data presented in this study represent the first investigation of the technical modalities of Neanderthal adaptation to the seashore.

This article addresses how gender norms impact the process of migration, and what this means for the use of migration as an adaptation strategy to cope with environmental stressors. Data was collected through qualitative fieldwork, taking the form of semi-structured and open-ended interviews and focus group discussions from a Dhaka slum and three villages in Southern Bangladesh's Bhola district. Our data revealed that women migrate when environmental stress threatens livelihoods and leave male household members unable to earn enough income for their families. Employing an analytical framework that focuses on the perceptions of individuals, this article shows how gender norms create social costs for women who migrate. Women thus have ambivalent feelings about migration. On the one hand, they do not wish to migrate, taking on a double work load, forsaking their purdah, and facing the stigma that follows. On the other hand, women see migration as a means to help their families, and live a better life. While social costs negatively affect the utilization and efficiency of female migration as an adaptation strategy to environmental stressors, it becomes clear that female migration is imperative to sustain livelihoods within the Bhola community.

The concepts of migration and mobility clearly intersect, but they are not synonyms. While migration by definition entails mobility, migration studies has privileged studying other aspects of the migratory process. This article analyzes migratory (im)mobilities and methodologies to study them and it critically reflects on the usefulness of mobility studies as an analytical lens to study human migration. Lack of empirical data suggests that we need more systematic comparative studies of how migratory mobilities are generated in everyday life and facilitated as well as constrained by specific mobility circuits and institutions.

This policy report highlights the main findings of the research project by the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) and the AXA Research Fund.
The research explores the connections between the international response to climate change, migration and human rights. Taking the Pacific region as its geographic focus, Fiji and Vanuatu - two of the countries most affected by climate change - serve as case studies to further examine the process of international environmental law implementation in the region. The existence of two legal systems in the Pacific islands - the custom or traditional law originally derived from indigenous communities and the national or state law, introduced by colonial powers - is a potential source of conflicting perspectives that could challenge the implementation of international standards. This report aims to look at these potential discrepancies, identifying gaps and legal risks, and analyzing their impact on human rights, migration and the overall response to climate change.
The findings build on field research conducted in Fiji and Vanuatu, countries chosen due to the similarities of their legal systems. This research comprised a sample of 39 surveys answered by the local population, as well as semi-structured interviews with representatives of the government and international bodies in the region, legal experts and chief police officers.
In light of the findings, this report formulates seven policy recommendations for both the Pacific island states and the international community with which to further advance in successfully addressing climate change and climate induced migration building on custom and state law from a human rights perspective.

All’interno del quadro delle strategie internazionali e delle politiche dell’Unione Europea − che riconoscono il contributo positivo della migrazione per la crescita inclusiva e lo sviluppo sostenibile dei paesi − il saggio si sviluppa a partire da un caso di ricerca sulla migrazione dei giovani della Costa d’Avorio, realizzato dal Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione e Psicologia dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze in collaborazione con l’Università Félix Houphouët Boigny di Abidjan (Costa d’Avorio) e l’ONG Terre des Hommes Italia ONLUS. Il contributo problematizza il tema della dimensione formativa presente nel processo di costruzione del progetto migratorio e delle variabili che incidono nella scelta di lasciare il proprio paese di origine. Il fenomeno viene analizzato attraverso un approccio critico-trasformativo che considera il soggetto come un adulto protagonista del proprio processo formativo, inserito in un contesto che interpreta e trasforma a partire dalle proprie esperienze, motivazioni e aspettative di vita. Lo studio si inserisce − in chiave interdisciplinare − all’interno della cornice teorica dei migration studies con un focus specifico sui costrutti di aspirazione e capacità migratorie. La definizione delle condizioni educative del potenziale migrante può aiutare a comprendere in che modo e in quali situazioni si verifica la nascita dell’aspirazione migratoria, a prescindere dalla presenza o meno della capacità di migrare. La costruzione di progetti migratori intenzionali e consapevoli − visti in funzione dello sviluppo, della crescita e dell’autodeterminazione del soggetto − può dipendere dalla presenza di dispositivi formativi capaci di trasformare le condizioni educative del pubblico potenziale migrante, attraverso l’intervento nei contesti di vita e di lavoro e sui fattori ostacolanti e favorenti che concorrono alla definizione dei drivers della migrazione.

We present isotopic and morphometric evidence suggesting the migration of farmers in the southern Andes in the period AD 1270–1420, leading up to the Inka conquest occurring ~ AD 1400. This is based on the interdisciplinary study of human remains from archaeological cemeteries in the Andean Uspallata Valley (Argentina), located in the southern frontier of the Inka Empire. The studied samples span AD 800–1500, encompassing the highly dynamic Late Intermediate Period and culminating with the imperial expansion. Our research combines a macro-regional study of human paleomobility and migration based on a new strontium isoscape across the Andes that allows identifying locals and migrants, a geometric morphometric analysis of cranio-facial morphology suggesting separate ancestral lineages, and a paleodietary reconstruction based on stable isotopes showing that the migrants had diets exceptionally high in C4 plants and largely based on maize agriculture. Significantly, this migration influ...

Data volume grows explosively with the proliferation of powerful smartphones and innovative mobile applications. The ability to accurately and extensively monitor and analyze these data is necessary. Much concern in cellular data analysis is related to human beings and their behaviours. Due to the potential value that lies behind these massive data, there have been different proposed approaches for understanding corresponding patterns. To that end, analyzing people’s activities, e.g., counting them at fixed locations and tracking them by generating origin-destination matrices is crucial. The former can be used to determine the utilization of assets like roads and city attractions. The latter is valuable when planning transport infrastructure. Such insights allow a government to predict the adoption of new roads, new public transport routes, modification of existing infrastructure, and detection of congestion zones, resulting in more efficient designs and improvement. Smartphone data exploration can help research in various fields, e.g., urban planning, transportation, health care, and business marketing. It can also help organizations in decision making, policy implementation, monitoring, and evaluation at all levels. This work aims to review the methods and techniques that have been implemented to discover knowledge from mobile phone data. We classify these existing methods and present a taxonomy of the related work by discussing their pros and cons.

"The purpose of this article is to investigate
temporal shifts in skeletal robusticity to infer behavioral
changes in two populations (Neolithic, NEOL
and Medieval, MED) settled in the same geographic area
but involved in different subsistence economies (pastoralism
and coastal resources exploitation). This comparison
allows us to test the hypothesis that occupational
stress and mobility in the same environment produce
predictable changes in the robusticity of both upper and
lower limbs. Results show a lower degree of humeral
robusticity and a similar degree of humeral asymmetry
in the two sexes in the MED population. These results
are consistent with the relatively less stressful subsistence
economy documented in the MED population relative
to that of the NEOL. Lower limb results suggest that femoral robusticity does not correlate directly with the level of logistical mobility, but is instead due to the summation of several diverse factors that place biomechanical loads on the hindlimb, particularly unevenness of the terrain. However, female femoral gracility seems to indicate that below a certain ‘‘threshold’’ of mobility, i.e., movement over the natural terrain, terrain conformation is no longer the main contributing factor to femoral robusticity. The femoral shape index Ix/Iy declines through time, particularly in males. This agrees with
the expected mobility of the samples based on archaeological
and historical data, providing further evidence on the reliability of this index in inferring terrestrial mobility."

The impacts of disasters are increasing due to climate change and urbanization. Big and open data offer considerable potential for analyzing and predicting human mobility during disaster events, including the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to better disaster risk reduction (DRR) planning. However, the value of human mobility data and analysis (HMDA) in urban-resilience research is poorly understood. This review highlights key opportunities for and challenges hindering the use of HMDA in DRR in urban planning and risk science, as well as insights from practitioners. A gap in research on HMDA for data-driven DRR planning was identified. By examining human mobility studies and their respective analytical and planning tools, this report offers deeper insights into the challenges that must be addressed to improve the development of effective data-driven DRR planning, from data collection to implementation. In future work on HMDA, i) the human mobility of vulnerable populations should be targeted, ii) research should focus on disaster mitigation and prevention, iii) analytical methods for evidence-based disaster planning should be developed, iv) different types of data should be integrated into analyses to overcome methodological challenges, and v) a decision-making framework should be developed for evidence-based urban planning through transdisciplinary knowledge co-production.

When is overstaying too long?  This paper interrogates the paradox of the super overstayer  – or those with inordinately extended tenures as migrants without legal status.  Some value (however defined) impels the migrant to stay on even as migrant goals of financial security or family cohesiveness are compromised.  Various circumstances of twenty seven past, current and legalized Filipino overstayers in Japan with an average tenure of thirteen years (longest being 30 years) are benchmarked, showing how the maintenance and sustenance of “illegality” unavoidably involves both source and host states.  The central exposition takes us through the savings process of a subgroup of four migrants, necessarily encompassing significant day-to-day migrant realities such as job and salary limitations, cost of living and various associated expense items related to emotional and psychological survival, dependent support imperatives versus actual remittance behavior.  The resulting savings outcomes then heighten the paradox further – if overstaying longer means lesser savings, why do migrants actively choose to stay?

The paper does not solve the paradox by computing an optimum overstaying period or by arguing certain valid reasons for super overstaying.  Instead, the paper deploys critical realist views of emergence and morphogenesis – essentially seeing reality as continually unfolding and thus inexhaustible by human knowing – to show how “illegality” itself is in perpetual flux.  The meanings and choices employed by overstayers – at once potently omnipresent and immanently conditioned by past structural and ideational influences – are wielded differentially.  Migrant “illegality” crystallizes differently at multiple levels of society where at any given point in time any of its components may coalesce as either overstaying opportunities or overstaying liabilities.  Super overstaying then is possible since both the migrant and his/her manifest migrant “illegality” are continuously emerging entities that could conspire to build a 3-decade overstaying tenure, or not.

Este artigo trata de resultados parciais de um estudo sobre publicações em periódicos brasileiros acerca dos fluxos migratórios internacionais e gênero, considerando os impactos destes nas pesquisas e publicações em periódicos brasileiros. Com o aumento do fluxo de mobilidade humana, as migrações constituem um dos campos de interesse e de pesquisas científicas brasileiras, resultando em uma temática não só da Demografia, mas também da Sociologia, da Antropologia, da Ciência Política, do Direito, da Psicologia, do Serviço Social dentre outras áreas do conhecimento que trazem suas contribuições teóricas ou empíricas desse fenômeno. Portanto, este estudo problematiza de onde partem as produções que estão conseguindo inserir-se em periódicos considerados de impacto relevante em suas áreas de adesão, no Brasil. A construção desse mapa cognitivo apontará grupos de pesquisas, universidades, estados e regiões do país, o que ajudará a pensarmos em uma possível hipótese de seletividade region...

In Part 1 of this volume, James Carrier argues that anthropology finds itself in the midst of two crises. The first is internal, emerging from concerns over the future of our field and the role anthropology can play beyond the academy. The second is external, emerging from the economic crisis that began in 2008 (and which, though officially over, continues to challenge populations around the world). Although they have very different origins, Carrier says that both are reflections of neoliberal ideology and policy. The discipline's external crisis was brought about by the failure of neoliberal economic policy; the internal crisis reflects the influence in the discipline of a world view that echoes the neoliberal approach to people defined as independent actors who should be free of social constraints that can limit their ability to act as they wish. Echoing the tenets of neoliberal ideology, the proponents of neoliberal reform argue that they seek to promote individual freedom at the local and the national level, by removing the constraint of government control of economy and society. This not only promotes that freedom, they argue, it also facilitates economic growth. Those proponents recognise that there may be societal losses, and that impoverished, rural communities may be particularly at risk, but they argue that this is a small price to pay for the greater freedom and prosperity that will come to urban populations and to the country more generally (see the discussion in Huber and Solt 2003). Neoliberal ideologies and their emphasis on the individual as a decision-maker tend to limit the strength and logic of anthropological investigations that focus on individuals as members of social groups. One aspect of this is the neoliberal argument that the community is coercive and limits the individual, which leaves little space for the anthropological study of society and the contests that surround social belonging. Another aspect is the way that neoliberal ideologies construe people as economic beings, rational decision-makers who are motivated by the drive for personal gain and success rather than shared values and practices, which can only hinder their efforts to achieve that success. In this chapter, we examine the rise of neoliberal ideology and the growth of neoliberal reforms as they relate to the study and practice of migration. We argue that migration neither can nor should be reduced to the decision of an individual mover or migrant. Instead, we argue that it should be approached as a

Göç Dergisi (GD) göç araştırmaları alanında uzman bir süreli yayındır. Göç Dergisi insan göçü, göçmenler ve göçmenlik ile ilgili bilimsel çalışmaları ve tartışmaları yayınlamayı amaç edinmiş hakemli ve uluslararası disiplinler arası bir alan dergisidir. Göç Dergisi sığınmacılar, mülteciler, düzensiz göçmenler, beyin göçü, işçi göçü, geri dönüşler gibi konular yanında göç etmeyenler ile ilgili araştırmaları ve göçle ilgili kuramsal yeni, özgün ve yayınlanmamış bilimsel çalışmaları yayınlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Göç Dergisi'nde insan hareketliliğinin ekonomik, toplumsal, coğrafi, kültürel, psikolojik, tarihsel, hukuki ve sağlık ile ilgili yönleri üzerine niteliksel, niceliksel veya karma yöntemleri kullanan özgün araştırmalar, kavramsal tartışmalar ve eleştiriler yayınlanmaktadır.

This paper examines the role played by human mobility as a climate change adaptation strategy in Zimbabwe’s small-scale farming areas. Livelihoods in Zimbabwe’s small-scale farming areas are mostly agriculture-based and have long suffered from low levels of production. This is largely due to poor agroecological conditions and lack of agricultural investment, including income diversification projects from the central government. Recently, extreme climatic events in these areas have exacerbated food insecurity challenges, prompting many households to relocate. The findings of this study indicate that most households in the small-scale farming regions are resorting to either short- or long-term migration to areas that offer them food security. In these areas, poor households are forced to work on large commercial farms where they are paid in maize grain or trade their products for food to support their families. This paper argues that, if properly used together with other climate change policies promoted in Zimbabwe, human mobility can be an effective climate change adaptation strategy in small-scale farming areas.

Many environmental justice studies have sought to examine the effect of residential segregation on unequal exposure to environmental factors among different social groups, but little is known about how segregation in non‐residential contexts affects such disparity. Based on a review of the relevant literature, this paper discusses the limitations of traditional residence‐based approaches in examining the association between socioeconomic or racial/ethnic segregation and unequal environmental exposure in environmental justice research. It emphasizes that future research needs to go beyond residential segregation by considering the full spectrum of segregation experienced by people in various geographic and temporal contexts of everyday life. Along with this comprehensive understanding of segregation, the paper also highlights the importance of assessing environmental exposure at a high spatiotemporal resolution in environmental justice research. The successful integration of a comprehensive concept of segregation, high‐resolution data and fine‐grained spatiotemporal approaches to assessing segregation and environmental exposure would provide more nuanced and robust findings on the associations between segregation and disparities in environmental exposure and their health impacts. Moreover, it would also contribute to significantly expanding the scope of environmental justice research.

Benjamin Irvine & Bike Yazicioglu-Santamaria (2021) BioIsoANE – An Open-access Repository of Bioarchaeological Isotopic Analyses in the Greater Ancient Near East Heritage Turkey 11: 26-27. 10.18866/biaa2021.12
research collaboration with Ben Irvine, Database and Website Project report published in BIAA magazine

This report sheds light on the possible effects of climate change on development and security in the Central Sahel, namely in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. It examines the interactions between climatic stresses, food security, and conflict risk, by highlighting the region’s key socio-economic and political conditions, and how these could shape future vulnerability to the effects of global warming. It further discusses existing measures and policies and how these could be improved to increase the region’s resilience to climate- related challenges. Climate variability is a key issue in the Central Sahel, owing to a heavy reliance on rainfed agriculture, pastoralism and other climate- sensitive livelihoods. Yet, its effects need to be understood in a wider social and political context.

The European Union (EU) and its member states are heavily invested in the region through their foreign, security, and development policies. In order to be successful, and to contribute to transnational cooperation with African partners in a meaningful way, they need to consider the challenges and opportunities related to climate change and politically- and context-sensitive climate change adaptation, which are discussed in this report.

This report uses a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative literature review, quantitative data analysis, future climate impact projections, semi-structured interviews, a survey with more than 200 regional experts, as well as a participatory scenario planning exercise. It provides a multifaceted overview of climate-related challenges and vulnerabilities in the region, combined with the perspectives of local experts and stakeholders. These would help overcome preconceived ideas, while also considering alternative political pathways in the wake of climate change.

We present isotopic and morphometric evidence suggesting the migration of farmers in the southern Andes in the period AD 1270–1420, leading up to the Inka conquest occurring ~ AD 1400. This is based on the interdisciplinary study of human remains from archaeological cemeteries in the Andean Uspallata Valley (Argentina), located in the southern frontier of the Inka Empire. The studied samples span AD 800–1500, encompassing the highly dynamic Late Intermediate Period and culminating with the imperial expansion. Our research combines a macro-regional study of human paleomobility and migration based on a new strontium isoscape across the Andes that allows identifying locals and migrants, a geometric morphometric analysis of cranio-facial morphology suggesting separate ancestral lineages, and a paleodietary reconstruction based on stable isotopes showing that the migrants had diets exceptionally high in C4 plants and largely based on maize agriculture. Significantly, this migration influ...

préhistorique française, fondée en 1904, est une des plus anciennes sociétés d'archéologie. Reconnue d'utilité publique en 1910, elle a obtenu le grand prix de l' Archéologie en 1982. Elle compte actuellement plus de mille membres, et près de cinq cents bibliothèques, universités ou associations sont, en France et dans le monde, abonnées au Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française. Tous les membres de la Société préhistorique française peuvent participer :-aux séances scientifiques de la Société-Plusieurs séances ont lieu chaque année, en France ou dans les pays limitrophes. Le programme annuel est annoncé dans le premier Bulletin et rappelé régulièrement. Ces réunions portent sur des thèmes variés : bilans régionaux ou nationaux sur les découvertes et travaux récents ou synthèses sur une problématique en cours dans un secteur de recherche ou une période en particulier ;-aux Congrès préhistoriques de France-Ils se déroulent régulièrement depuis la création de la Société, actuellement tous les quatre ans environ. Leurs actes sont publiés par la Société préhistorique française. Depuis 1984, les congrès se tiennent sur des thèmes particuliers ;-à l'assemblée générale annuelle-L'assemblée générale se réunit en début d'année, en région parisienne, et s'accompagne toujours d'une réunion scientifique. Elle permet au conseil d'administration de rendre compte de la gestion de la Société devant ses membres et à ceux-ci de l'interpeller directement. Le renouvellement partiel du conseil se fait à cette occasion. Les membres de la Société préhistorique française bénéficient :-d'information et de documentation scientifiques-Le Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française comprend, en quatre livraisons de 200 pages chacune environ, des articles, des comptes rendus, une rubrique d'actualités scientifiques et une autre sur la vie de la Société. La diffusion du bulletin se fait par abonnement annuel. Les autres publications de la SPF-Mémoires, Travaux, Séances, fascicules des Typologies de la Commission du Bronze, Actes des Congrès, Tables et index bibliographiques ainsi que les anciens numéros du Bulletin-sont disponibles au siège de la Société préhistorique française, sur son site web (avec une réduction de 20 % pour les membres de la SPF et téléchargement gratuit au format PDF lorsque l' ouvrage est épuisé) ou en librairie.-de services-Les membres de la SPF ont accès à la riche bibliothèque de la Société, mise en dépôt à la bibliothèque du musée de l'Homme à Paris. Régie par la loi de 1901, sans but lucratif, la Société préhistorique française vit des cotisations versées par ses adhérents. Contribuez à la vie de notre Société par vos cotisations, par des dons et en suscitant de nouvelles adhésions autour de vous. LES SÉANCES DE L A SO CIÉTÉ PRÉHISTORIQUE FRANÇAISE Les Séances de la Société préhistorique française sont organisées deux à trois fois par an. D'une durée d'une ou deux journées, elles portent sur des thèmes variés : bilans régionaux ou nationaux sur les découvertes et travaux récents ou synthèses sur une problématique en cours dans un secteur de recherche ou une période en particulier. La Société préhistorique française considère qu'il est de l'intérêt général de permettre un large accès aux articles et ouvrages scientifiques sans en compromettre la qualité ni la liberté académique. La SPF est une association à but non lucratif régie par la loi de 1901 et reconnue d'utilité publique, dont l'un des buts, définis dans ses statuts, est de faciliter la publication des travaux de ses membres. Elle ne cherche pas le profit par une activité commerciale mais doit recevoir une rémunération pour compenser ses coûts de gestion et les coûts de fabrication et de diffusion de ses publications. Conforméméent à ces principes, la Société préhistorique française a décidé de proposer les actes des Séances en téléchargement gratuit sous forme de fichiers au format PDF interactif. Bien qu' en libre accès, ces publications disposent d'un ISBN et font l' objet d'une évaluation scientifique au même titre que nos publication papier périodiques et non périodiques. Par ailleurs, même en ligne, ces publications ont un coût (secrétariat d' édition, mise en page, mise en ligne, gestion du site internet) : vous pouvez aider la SPF à poursuivre ces activités de diffusion scientifique en adhérent à l'association et en vous abonnant au Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française (voir au dos ou sur http://www.prehistoire.org/form/515/736/formulaire-adhesion-et-ou-abonnement-spf-2014.html).

Mobile phone data has enabled the timely and fine-grained study human mobility. Call Detail Records, generated at call events, allow building descriptions of mobility at different resolutions and with different spatial, temporal and social granularity. Individual trajectories are the basis for long-term observation of mobility patterns and identify factors of human dynamics. Here we propose a systematic analysis to characterize mobility network flows and topology and assess their impact into individual traces. Discrete flow-based descriptors are used to classify and understand human mobility patterns at multiple scales. This framework is suitable to assess urban planning, optimize transportation, measure the impact of external events and conditions, monitor internal dynamics and profile users according to their movement patterns.

Resumen El proceso de traslado de personas hacia distintos territorios en busca de mejores condiciones por razones materiales o desventuras ocasionadas por fenómenos naturales ha sido motivo de conceptualizaciones destinadas a explicar únicamente el cambio de un territorio a otro de sujetos protagonistas, dejando fuera acontecimientos que los circundan con posibilidades explicativas 1 Este escrito es producto del trabajo colaborativo de la Red Internacional América Latina, África, Europa, El Caribe (ALEC) "Territorio(s), poblaciones vulnerables y políticas públicas"