Hospitality Education

A key premise in the normative literature is that an appropriate business strategy will favorably align an organization with its environment (Andrews, 1971; Hofer & Schendel, 1978; Porter, 1980). It is argued that the strategy that will produce the best results is dependent on existing environmental circumstances (Miles & Snow, 1978). This study investigated the tenet that, for firms in the lodging industry, there exists an optimal pattern or ''fit'' between the environment and the firm's business strategy that separates the more successful operations from the less successful ones. The findings of this study indicate that a "match" between the state of the environment facing an organization and its business strategy is required for high performance. The results obtained provide an invaluable planning and analysis tool for all levels of management involved in charting a firm's future.

Talent management is crucial to the success of the hospitality industry, with its impact on the industry's ability to attract, develop and retain talent. This paper examines talent management challenges and opportunities in preparing Generation Z students for future work using semi-structured focus groups with a sample of 55 participants from the Dutch hospitality industry (industry professionals, teaching staff, and students). Findings highlight flexibility, open communication, growth opportunities, technology integration, and teamwork as critical for engaging Generation Z. The importance of modernizing educational curricula, prioritizing experiential learning, and encouraging collaboration between education providers, the industry, and policymakers is also highlighted.

Zimbabwe has made significant efforts to promote Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) to enhance graduates' employable skills and boost economies. TVET is defined as an educational process that focuses on the acquisition of practical skills, and an understanding of technologies and related sciences necessary for employment in a particular occupation or trade. The implementation of TVET is on the premise that students develop the requisite skills necessary to increase their employability and for the development of the economy through entrepreneurship. In Zimbabwe, TVET is incorporated into two levels of education: secondary and tertiary, to come up with an education system that mitigates poverty through the creation of employment. The study sought to ascertain the challenges and proffered strategies for attaining TVET programmes in Zimbabwean tertiary institutions. A qualitative approach was used, and a case study design was employed. Two research questions guided the study. The data collection instruments were interviews, document analysis and focus group discussions. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. The study revealed the following challenges: lack of TVET training facilities, poor teaching methods, poor funding, deplorable facilities, and routine assessment of students' competencies. The following strategies were proffered: deliberate continual professional development of TVET lecturers, provision of adequate training facilities, and mobilisation of the requisite financial resources. This study concluded that a workable quality assurance mechanism should be put in place,

Several Zimbabwean school leavers migrate from the country without specialised training to look for employment in neighbouring countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevance of low-skilled migrants' technical skills in Botswana's labour market to sustain livelihoods. A mixed method research design was used for this study where 60 questionnaires collected quantitative data, whilst 19 interviews collected qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Programme on Social Sciences (SPSS), and the results were presented using tables and bar graphs. Narratives were used to present and analyse qualitative data. Random sampling was used to select Zimbabwean school leaver migrants as research participants. This study, grounded in the relevance theory by Sperber and Wilson (1981), indicates that relevance is interpreted from social context and reflective thinking processes enhanced by educational intervention. It is suggested as a result of the findings that low-skilled migrants from Zimbabwe perceived that their technical skills were relevant to their jobs, and the skills enabled them to do different jobs in technical skills should not be viewed as only meeting local labour market skill needs but internationally benchmarking those technical skill requirements for the evolving world of work. Since this study was on a small scale, larger studies could be carried out in other districts of Botswana and neighbouring countries where low-skilled Zimbabweans are migrating to obtain broader conclusions that can be generalised.

Heritage is an important part of the international tourism market. As with any resource, sustainable management practices are required to maintain the long-term value of heritage assets. It is claimed that sustainable heritage tourism provides quality experiences for the tourists while protecting the environment and improving the quality of life for local residents. Yet, irrespective of how tourism is introduced and developed in a community, residents' perceptions of heritage tourism benefi ts are the key to the success or failure of the local tourism industry. Th is paper deals with heritage tourism in the village of Pragpur in Himachal Pradesh, India which is popular for its ancient heritage and culture and is registered in the list of heritage sites in India. Th us, the purpose of this study was twofold: to investigate residents' perceived benefi ts of heritage; and to assess the residents' support for sustainable heritage tourism development. A questionnaire was desi...

This study looks into the relationship between employee cynicism and deviant workplace behaviour, with a focus on self-esteem as a mediator and employee resilience as a moderator in Pakistani Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Data was gathered from employees at various HEIs in Pakistan, and structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationships between the variables. The findings show a significant positive relationship between employee cynicism and deviant workplace behaviour. Furthermore, self-esteem was partially mediate this relationship, implying that low self-esteem is associated with higher levels of deviant behaviour. Furthermore, employee resilience was found to moderate the relationship between employee cynicism and deviant workplace behaviour, implying that higher levels of resilience may reduce the negative effects of cynicism on workplace behaviour. These findings shed light on the complex dynamics that exist within HEIs and offer valuable insights for fostering a positive work environment and improving organisational effectiveness.

This paper examines the marketing programs (Product, Price, Place, and Promotion) of tourism development in Bangladesh. A survey of 102 local tourists (students) represents their image and view about Bangladesh tourism, based on 17 statements under product, price, place and promotion. Basically this paper is prepared by SPSS software and analyzing secondary data. However, Using judgmental sampling procedure and firstly is tested the reliability test of collected data and data are analyzed using descriptive statistics and Correlation. The findings of the study show that, data are more reliable there are badly needed to emphasis on product, price place and promotion based on 17 statements. Bangladesh has very beautiful place, these places are part of refreshment. Advertisement is needed to explore the places but there are no enough promotional tools specially sales promotions are not available in Bangladesh specially for children. It's badly needed to introduce sales promotion. Besides different attractive promotional packages are badly needed to introduce to promote tourism development. Moreover, marketing programs has significant relation among product, price, place and promotion

In Turkey, gastronomy education is provided under the moniker of Culinary Education in Preparatory programs and also under the moniker of kitchen arts as well as food and beverage management in undergraduate programs. The possibility of the education and the graduates being of high quality relies on the existence of academicians who have been trained in this field and who have educated and developed their skills on a personal level. Therefore, this study intends on reflecting on the status of the academic personnel who are currently working in the institutions which provide education about Food and Beverage on a Graduate Degree level. In this regard, resumes of 369 academic personnel, who have been providing educational services about Food and Beverage in all of Turkey's leading universities, faculties, higher education institutions and occupational higher learning schools on Preparatory and undergraduate levels have been obtained. The data regarding the academic personnel' curriculum vitae have been accessed in December of 2017. The data were analyzed through the content analysis method. The obtained results demonstrate that shocking realities regarding the status of the academicians working in higher education currently employed in schools offering higher learning programs. When looking at the undergraduate education of such academicians working in these departments, it is seen that only 5.4% of such individuals have graduated from programs about Food and Beverage (Gastronomy and Kitchen Arts, Food and Beverage Management, Culinary Education, etc.). On the undergraduate and doctorate levels, this ratio is even lower and the situation is quite intriguing. In addition, according to the Pearson Chi-Square Test, the gender, administrative roles and earned titles of such academicians also show significant differences.

This study is designed to explain how food presentation is related to customer patronage in a fast food restaurant. The results indicate that perceived value mediates the positive relationship between service staffs and customers in other words, staff’s ability to present food in an excellent and appealing manner increases perceived value in the customer’s mind, which in turn results in a higher level of satisfaction and hence patronage. This study finds that firms with skilled internal staff, innovative service features and insightful knowledge on self-service technology can make a significant progress in the face of any adverse economic situation.

Curriculum is the backbone of any course it encompasses the total opportunities for learning provided by the educational Institutes and the overall experience that will help the student to acquire the expertise to perform the job, (Galle L.E. & Pole, 1978). Embedded in the curriculum of the hospitality education are the interests of the hospitality industry. As Manaktola (2007) has pointed out, the competencies required in the hospitality industry at the supervisory management level in India differ from those provided in the hospitality educational institutions. According to Jauhari(2006), the current status of hospitality education in India leaves a lot to be desired in terms of training manpower in their competencies. It has long been pointed out by hospitality experts that hospitality management programs have incorporated few changes in its curriculum for long. This research aims to study the perception of the industry experts on the curriculum of the NCHMCT which is the apex body in the field of hospitality education in India with more than 80 institutes under its aegis classified as Central Institute of Hotel Management (CIHM), State Institute of Hotel Management (SIHM) and private affiliated institutes under it. This study underlines the perception of the Hotel experts on the curriculum of NCHMCT and accordingly the need for updating the curriculum as per the current needs of the hospitality industry in India.

The study sought to investigate waste segregation in 3-star hotels in Takoradi. The objectives of the study were to identify the environmental initiatives and management practices and examine the significance of waste segregation practices amongst hotels in Takoradi. The study applied a non-experimental research approach with a population of forty-five. This comprised managers, housekeeping staff and kitchen staff selected from three (3) 3-star rated hotels in Takoradi Metropolis. The convenient sampling technique was used for the study. The research instrument used in collecting data was a questionnaire containing both closed and open-ended questions. The data was collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The study revealed that there are clear areas for improvement in various aspects of waste management within the hotels. Furthermore, participants strongly believed that hotels should take waste management responsibilities seriously. Based on the findings, the study recommends hotels should actively educate guests through the display of signage on sustainable practices such as energy and water conservation during their stay. Further, hotels should ensure recycling bins are readily available in guest rooms and public areas to facilitate waste segregation and recycling.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine how customer happiness at five-star hotels is impacted by the quality of the F&B they receive and the services they receive, which in turn affects retention.   Design/methodology/approach: A convenience sampling strategy was utilized to distribute a self-administrated survey to 386 guests who used the F&B services of five-star hotels in Delhi-NCR. The model and study's hypotheses were evaluated in this study using a structural assessment modelling methodology, with AMOS 20.0 serving as the evaluation tool.   Findings: The outcomes of the study show that CS and its impact on customer retention are significantly and favorably influenced by quality of the cuisine and beverages, as good as the service.   Theoretical framework: This study recognizes the magnitude of numerous customer satisfaction metrics from a managerial perspective to predict customer retention or re- purchase plans in the standpoint of a five-star eatery in Delhi....

Purpose – Young people represent a significant segment of the tourism market, accounting for 23% of the total tourism market, according to UNWTO. This segment provides socio-economic opportunities for local communities as young travellers boost local tourism businesses, foster closer social interaction with host populations, and engage in environmental protection. The purpose of this research is to identify the basic characteristics of travel among young people from Croatia and Serbia and to determine which elements are most important to them when choosing a destination, while also determining whether there are differences between respondents from these two groups. Methodology - an online survey was conducted in Croatia and Serbia. The sample includes young people between the ages of 15 and 30. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to create the sample profile. Pearson’s chi-square tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to detect significant differences between young resp...

Good communication between medical professionals, the patient and his/her family is the basis of professional competence established in the health care practice with specific behavioral models. The communication between the medical team and the patient is a process of interaction, influence, attention, mutual understanding, respect for the personality in the whole process of treatment. Conversation as a training situation of verbal communication between the trainee-health specialist and the patient is of vital importance for the progress of the clinical training. The respect for and satisfaction of the needs of the patient in the process of training of health specialists is a major objective and a moral responsibility in taking adequate and efficient health care /the provision of adequate and efficient medical services/. Even though the development communication skills is targeted in various courses (Medical Psychology, Ethics and Deontology, Medical Sociology, etc.), examples of poor communication in the form of various conflicts in the Health care system are common, both between medical specialists themselves, and between them and the patients. This calls for a more serious tackling of the issue at different stages of the training of health care specialists. Without efficient communication and resolved conflicts, the efforts of the health professional will not have the desired and necessary effect, since it is in the process of communication that relations of mutual understanding and partnership are established.

Purpose – Young people represent a significant segment of the tourism market, accounting for 23% of the total tourism market, according to UNWTO. This segment provides socio-economic opportunities for local communities as young travellers boost local tourism businesses, foster closer social interaction with host populations, and engage in environmental protection. The purpose of this research is to identify the basic characteristics of travel among young people from Croatia and Serbia and to determine which elements are most important to them when choosing a destination, while also determining whether there are differences between respondents from these two groups. Methodology - an online survey was conducted in Croatia and Serbia. The sample includes young people between the ages of 15 and 30. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to create the sample profile. Pearson’s chi-square tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to detect significant differences between young resp...

Homestay tourism is a form of accommodation that allows tourists to stay with local families, immersing themselves in the country's rich culture, traditions, and hospitality. This paper explores the historical roots of homestays, originating from ancient customs of hospitality in various civilizations. The objective is to investigate the role of homestays in promoting rural tourism, supporting local economies, and providing authentic travel experiences. Homestay tourism offers a family-like environment for tourists, serving as an alternative to building hotels in remote areas, which contributes to conserving local forests and reducing costs. The development of rural tourism has positively impacted the income and living standards of local communities, offering employment opportunities, and enhancing cultural preservation. However, challenges persist, such as insufficient infrastructure development, unclear policies, limited use of local products, and inadequate training for homes...

The concept of quality is receiving a large amount of attention from the lodging industry. However, the development of procedures and scales for accurately assessing the level of quality perceived by customers is still in its infancy. The purpose of this research was to provide researchers with a process whereby a reliable and valid instrument can be generated that will measure customers' perceptions of delivered quality within the lodging industry. The procedures proposed are based on those suggested by Churchill. Convenience data were used to illustrate the process of scale development.

The faculty of the School were asked foprepare a detailed proposal for a plan of action that would propel the University of New Orleans' hospitality education program into national prominence. In areviewofthenation's loleading hospitalityprogramsit was determined, that in order to acquire a national reputation three missions must be met. These are: I) alumni success, 2) academic recognition, and 3) industry recognition. The high visibility of a program that has been declared a center of excellence results in many benefits to a program. The most important benefit is budgefaly priority. However, other benefits that accrue include recruitment of excellent students, increased industry support, community recognition and attracting quality faculty.

Hospitality management education has been a widely studied area. It has been studied by many authors by which and is still in deliberation in a true meaning. As the hospitality industry and a service-oriented area, most of the programs put more weight on industry demands and expectations, and opinions. As a result, most of the relevant program studies tend to focus on the employer's perspective, with very few focusing on the actual recipients and providers of education. The study was conducted to determine the competency assessment of hospitality management educators and hospitality industry employees in the province of Cotabato. A descriptive-correlational research design was utilized, and respondents were selected through random sampling. In addition, the scope of the extent of literature either focused only on one discipline (restaurant) or on hospitality in general, leaving the comparison of the relevant competencies between the core industries of hospitality, hotel management, and food and beverage management and the universities Furthermore, the weighted mean with its corresponding verbal description was used to determine the competency assessment of hospitality management educators and the hospitality industry, and spearman-rank correlation to determine the relationship between competencies taught by hospitality management educators and competencies demanded by the hospitality industry. Results show that competencies taught by hospitality management educators have no significant relationship to the responses in the competencies demanded with a correlation coefficient of 0.304 and a probability of 0.103 and there was a significant relationship between the competencies taught and demanded by the hospitality Industry in Cotabato, Province.

Students must have to carefully consider their career planning in order to comply with the demands of the hospitality industry's competitive environment specificality on the employability. Although universities and colleges have begun to focus on bridging the gap between the skills of hospitality students and graduates and the requirement of the industry, some students dealt with the attributes for the overall employability of graduates from the perspective of the junior and senior students and the supervisor and managers of the industry. This undertaking dealt the perception of the hospitality students and hospitality supervisors and managers. Questionnaires were administered to 120 students and 7 supervisors and managers of DOT Accredited establishment. The different groups of respondents perceived the curriculum components degree to be as highly relevant to the employability. However, there is a slight difference on the result of the survey when the students were asked regarding the perceived importance of employability dimensions (leadership, professional and technical skills) and readiness to apply those. Both managers and supervisors perceived all employability dimensions to be very high. Overall, with regards to the three employability dimensions, technical skills. needs further improvement.

Research Aims-This study proposes to fill the gap in entrepreneurship literature by focusing on the relationship between entrepreneurs' psychological capital and growth intention mediated by their work performance. Design/Methodology/Approach-This research used cross-sectional quantitative research and employed convenience sampling technique. A total of 275 Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) entrepreneurs participated and answered the survey questionnaires. Research Findings-The findings confirmed the direct relationships between psychological capital and work performance; and psychological capital and growth intention of entrepreneurs. However, this study found no mediating effect of work performance in the relationship between psychological capital and growth intention of the entrepreneurs. Theoretical Contribution/Originality-This study enhanced the understanding on the importance of psychological capital as influential psychological resource for entrepreneurs as it has positive effects on attitudes and their work performance. These findings advocate the inclusion of psychological capital in entrepreneurial studies as important resource for work performance improvement and positive attitudes. Managerial Implications in the Southeast Asian Context-The government and SMEs supporting agencies need to give attention to psychological capital in their entrepreneurship development policy and programmes. Further, universities and training providers should also focus on psychological capital resources in entrepreneurial education and training modules. Research Limitations and Implications-This study is confined to Malaysian SME entrepreneurs only and uses convenient sampling technique. Therefore, generalization of the findings is limited. Future research can investigate the related variables in different countries and contexts to examine the importance of psychological capital in entrepreneurial setting.

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of Bollywood movies and television programing on the travel behaviours of Indian tourists. 670 usable surveys were gathered and analysed. The involvement construct was utilized to segment respondents into three significantly different groups both demographically and attitudinally. Indians were highly engaged with Bollywood movies and television shows, particularly those highly involved with foreign travel. Highly involved Indians were more likely to participate in tourist activities at destinations shown in Bollywood movies and television programmes, especially visiting specific film locations, and visiting festivals, events and attractions seen in movies. Highly involved individuals use movies and television as motivation to travel more frequently than those who are less involved with international tourism.

According to the World University Rankings 2023, India is ranked 6th in the list of countries that have made it to the Times Higher Education (THE) ranking. This became possible because governments and institutions of India have taken several steps to improve education in India from the beginning to the present day education system has evolved; however, many issues still need to be addressed. Evolved during the early 1990s, tourism education in India has grown brick by brick from the nascent stage. The diversities in the curriculum and teaching-learning practices can be felt from the fact that the program is being run at secondary schools, graduation, post-graduation, and at doctoral research. The present article provides an overview of the future dynamics of the new approaches to tourism education in the Indian education system from historical and current perspectives.There are centers where tourism education is taught as a professional degree while in others, it is taught as a social science subject. Institutions offering tourism programs also vary in size and status. Some institutions have been regular in terms of updating the curriculum and providing a vibrant environment, while in other places, the program suffers from quality education and infrastructure. There have been challenges in the recent past too, such as COVID-related lock-downs in Institutions and Industries. In the backdrop of the range, diverse status, and practices, there is a need for standardization while keeping space for local dynamics. Recently the National Education Policy 2020 has also overhauled the structure of the syllabi which has given scope for the academics and administrators to re-think the education system and prepare students for the future. In view of this, studies are imminent to analyze the present status of tourism education in the country while planning a model of updated structure and syllabi to be followed across the country. The demand for effective e-learning has necessitated online education strategies by educational institutions. The future of tourism education is heading towards more online and distance learning using technologies. The paper through extensive reviews and discussion, summarizes the action for the future of tourism education to be one that develops modern talents with an adequate theoretical basis, strong practical abilities, and high comprehensive quality in order to meet the dynamics of the tourism industry.
Keywords: Tourism education, National Education Policy, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), Tourism curriculum, E-learning in tourism.

The context for the study was a naturally occurring quasi-experiment in the core mathematics program in a large Australian university. Delivery of teaching was changed in a sequence of two initial core mathematics subjects taken by engineering and science students. The change replaced one of two face-to-face tutorial classes per week by an online tutorial. Tasks in the online tutorial were designed to lead the students through the week's topics, using initially simpler tasks as scaffolding for more complex tasks. This was the only change: syllabus and written materials were the same, as was students' access to help from staff and discussion with peers. The study compared learning outcomes among students in two adjacent years: Cohort 1, the last before the change, and Cohort 2, in the first implementation of the change to a blended learning environment. Learning outcomes were assessed by a method derived from the SOLO taxonomy, which used a common scale for scoring written answers to examination questions in the two cohorts. In the first mathematics subject students doing online tutorials had significantly higher scores than those studying before the change. In the second mathematics subject there were no significant differences. The conclusion was that the online tutorials gave an advantage to students beginning university study and gave adequate support to those in the subject taken a little later. It can be concluded that the use of an online teaching component in the delivery of university mathematics programs is not only justifiable but desirable, subject to careful design of the teaching material offered.

The trends of young travelers are growing in Malaysia involving students of public and private universities. These young travelers have the means and interest to visit both domestic and international tourism destinations. Notwithstanding the expanding trends, there are still limited studies that focus on travel pattern among students of public learning institutions in Malaysia. Therefore, it is useful to recognize the travel pattern of the young generation in order to anticipate their travel demand in Malaysia. Responding to these, a structured questionnaire was distributed to students with the objective to determine the travel pattern among public university students in Malaysia. The data was collected through online survey focusing on frequency of travel per year, types of destination visited and the number of people traveling. Results of this study can provide information on the travel demand among young travelers in Malaysia.

Computer simulations that test new ideas or procedures can save time, money, and customer inconvenience and dissatisfaction. BY GARY M. THOMPSON AND ROHIT VERMA T his paper focuses on the use of computer simulation as a tool and how it can be applied in hospitality education, practice, and research. Simulation involves the modeling of an existing real system-for example, skiers' activities at a ski resort, 1 diners' experiences in a full-service restaurant, 2 and guests' transactions at a hotel's front desk. Simulation models are used chiefly because it's expensive, complicated, and risky to test proposed new operating procedures in an actual hospitality operation. In contrast, simulation models allow the user to try out different strategies or

Tutelage plans has been an innate part in the teaching profession and is the final analysis for the faculty members. The teaching members go through different kinds of training programs from the time they join the fraternity group till the time of their retirement. These can be many forms such as orientation, induction, refresher, workshops, faculty development programs, national/ international conferences, etc. The manifesto only has changed from the physical to the digital (only after the COVID-19 pandemic). The current research paper linchpins on the significance, types, merits & demerits of the online training programs. The data is collected from 180 respondents using simple random sample technique. The study revolved around the online teaching and babbled that online training is far more efficacious. The faculty members have gone through a massive transformation and self-development by different modes of programs & sessions. The most noteworthy merit is that the online classes or programs are very much expedient owing to the least movement of the people and everyone can make it happen by sitting in their homes. Speaking about the demerits, there can be some technical blips at times while the program conduction and one has to be more self-disciplined at such works.

The main objective of this research paper is to highlight the challenges faced by the staffs of the hospitality
industry in India during and after the COVID pandemic. It is of utmost importance that the frontline staffs
who are working in the hotels & restaurants need to take the optimum safety measures to keep themselves
safe while in the operations. After a lockdown of more than 60 days, on 1st June 2020 India started its first
unlock. The hospitality industry had to start following new standard operating procedures to prevent the
spreading of the disease further. However, the hospitality industry didn’t start then. The orthodox practices
need to get re-designed according to the situations. The resumption commenced after another one month of
the unlocking phase. Hence, with the instantaneous catastrophe there were also serious concerns regards to
the continual progression in such times of distress. Many employees were asked to stay back at home as the
industry decided to resume with half or less than half of the staffs so that it can combat the revenue crunch.
The essayists have collected plenty of information from reputed International & National chain category of
hotels’ staffs based on which this paper has been presented.

This study analyzed role of technical & vocational education and training in women empowerment process specifically in local level. In fact, technical & vocational education and training programs not only provide self-employment opportunity to the women but also trigger capability to exercise control over their personal and family life, make choices to improve well beings and take active role in decision making. For justifying central argument; what are the changing role of technical & vocational education and training that has been fostering women empowerment as well as social and economic development process in this VDC (Village Development Committee), the researchers employed quantitative case study research design and applied key informant interview, observation and household survey as data collection techniques. Researchers purposively selected 63 sample populations (10 respondents who completed technical & vocational education and 53 respondents who participated in vocational ...

Historically, managers in any organization have always used motivation as a technique to perform tasks and duties. Motivation of staff is a major issue for all organizations. Humans are motivated by many factors such as psychological needs, physiological drives, survival, urges, emotions, hurts, impulses, fears, threats, reward, possessions, wishes, intentions, values, freedom, intrinsic satisfaction, self-satisfaction, pleasure, dislikes, established habits, goals, ambitions, and above all, money. This study discusses the motivational factors that affect employees in different departments and focuses on motivating information technology (IT) employees in the hotel industry. A survey was distributed among different levels of managers in different departments. Interviews were also conducted with IT managers and training managers. It examines and explores the motivational factors that will affect productivity and employee performance. Moreover, this study covers data analysis and discusses the relationships between demographic data, socioeconomic data, organizational data, and motivational factors. The research concludes that the motivational factors (environmental factors, management factors, opportunities and training in the workplace, and job satisfaction) are essential to motivate the IT hotel employees. Training on a regular basis is the most motivational method to IT employees.

Since the 19 th century affluent patients from less developed parts of the world travelled to major European Medical Centres and United States for treatment unavailable in their own countries and for cutting-edge healthcare facilities. From the early 1990's there has been a reverse flow of patients from highly developed nations to less developed countries circumventing the health care services offered in their own land, where they are inaccessible , undesirable, with overburdened public health systems and long waiting periods. In the past decade the global healthcare market has grown exponentially in the South East Asian countries whereby patients accessing health care services beyond their borders are more than 5 million. This cross border access to health care is reaching proportions of US $ 40 billion with an annual growth rate of 20 percent where South Asian countries like Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines and India are at the forefront primarily due to availability of manpower both skilled and unskilled, lower healthcare infrastructure and treatment costs. This paper entails the study of Singapore, Thailand and India reflecting the best practices in these countries in terms of stakeholders' perspective associated with international health tourism.

As India shows an excellent economic growth rate, the demand for a trained workforce increases. The transition is not accessible from campus to corporate. There seems to be an increasing gap in what the institutes teach and industry experts. When the corporate sector visits for campus recruitments, more often than not, they seem to get very few skilled candidates. They have a requirement that cannot be fulfilled. Integrating the learning and applying it in new and different situations is the key to a successful career. Therefore, one of the institutes' significant challenges is getting their students at par with the industry requirements. Rapid expansion in the industry during the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the new millennium translated into increased opportunities for hospitality and tourism programs graduates. Hence, the professional skills industry requirements must match the curriculum and teaching process to minimize the gap. To study the objectives, three questionnaire were designed for the population comprising of respondents from hotels, hotel management colleges and their students. The random sampling technique was used for data collection. The gap between the syllabus and the industry expectations is increasing gradually; therefore, it is necessary to act upon this and help to bridge this gap. The study has suggested methods to bridge these gap.

It is true that bartenders play a key role with respect to the Bar operations. However, mostly bartenders themselves face lot of challenges, especially with regard to the customer demands and work pressure during peak hours. This study used a survey and a questionnaire method to assess the challenges of bartenders working in various pubs, bars and nightclubs. The study further focuses on what key measures can be taken to overcome the challenges faced by the bartenders.

Акушерската дейност е фокусирана в подпомагането на жената, семейството и общността за достигане на оптимално здраве и живот. Акушерката играе централна роля в грижите за жените с нисък риск. Ефективните, безопасни и висококачествени акушерски грижи са от решаващо значение за благополучието на майката, бебето и на обществото като цяло. В настоящата статия се анализират актуални въпроси, касаещи акушерската дейност. Целта на проучването е да се разкрие мнението на акушерки за някои от проблемите, които срещат в своята дейност, и виждането им за бъдещето развитие на професията. Проучването е проведено сред 23 акушерки, работещи на територията на гр. Враца. Резултатите показват, че в ежедневната си дейност акушерката трябва да преодолява социални и икономически проблеми, работа с многобройна медицинска документация, със съвременна апаратура и компютърни технологии. Голяма част от анкетираните (67,8%) споделят, че с подкрепата на държавата и пациентите би могло ефективността в работата им да се подобри.

This study focuses on assessing the practice of waste separation at source and evaluating the recycling potential of the hotel industry in Hoi An City (HAC), which is a famous tourism city in the centre of Vietnam. Five recycling scenarios were designed based on the status and intention of waste management practices of the hotels and the hierarchical structure of recycling, which was identified by the analytic hierarchy process method. This study revealed that the solid waste management (SWM) system of the hotel industry in HAC has a high potential for developing recycling practices. The high percentage of recyclable materials (84.3%), the achievements of waste separation practices, and the intentions of SWM of the hoteliers are favourable conditions for enhancing recycling practices. Furthermore, this study indicated that recycling could reduce 30-70% of total hotel waste, lead to beneficial changes in waste characterisation for incineration and composting processes, and bring economic profits to the hotels. In addition, recycling strategies with the synchronous combination of improvement of waste separation at source, waste regulation promulgation, and enhancement of waste management motivation for the hotels were discussed.

Background: Psychological capital was recently identified as a core construct in the literature of positive psychology. However, there is considerably less evidence of its positive effects on job embeddedness and performance among nursing personnel. The study aimed to explore the relationships between psychological capital, nurses' performance, a n d job embeddedness.

Principles of Food, Beverage, and Labor Cost Controls, Ninth Edition has defined the cost control course for generations of students. This new edition continues the tradition of presenting comprehensive yet concise information on cost control that is updated to reflect today's technology driven environment Key terms, key concepts, review questions, and spreadsheet exercises reinforce and support readers' understanding. It also features increased discussion and examples of technology used in food and beverage operations, a running case study, and a separate chapter on menu analysis and engineering.

Hospitality industry is one of the most dynamic industry. Guests enjoy their stay in hotels just because of high level of energy among its employee. This industry personnel are also known as most disciplined ones with reference to other sectors. The employee in hotels and other accommodation sectors are working in a set hierarchial structure of the organization. In every department, the career opportunity for working employees is their desired goal. They want to see working themselves on higher level on their every present situation. Apart from this, employees keep themselves motivated from other multiple reasons. If they don't find in the state of lacking in terms of motivation and career opportunity in their job, they start thinking to shift from one job to another. The hospitality industry in Uttarakhand is also facing challenges regarding employee retention. Retaining the competent employee in organization is considered as a significant task for the managers. Employees leave their organization due to multiple reasons, which they generally don't want to discuss with their managers. Sometime, even they don't know why they intend to change their organization. Frequency of changing the job and shifting from one organization to other is a known tendency among young employee. In this research paper, the emphasis has been done on the various factors associated with employees' attrition related to motivation and career opportunities in hospitality industry of Uttarakhand. A comparative study has been done in Garhwal and Kumaon region of the state to know about the HR strategies adopted by hospitality industry in Uttarakhand regarding factors related to motivation and career

At a time when the industry is shrinking and the future is filled with uncertainty, it may be more critical than ever for hospitality education to meet the needs of the industry. Hospitality education continues to speculate where to focus and what to emphasize in the development of effective curriculum relevant to needs of the lodging industry. This research is designed to answer the question of what information should be considered when planning future curriculum. The purpose of this study is to determine what the expectations are of lodging industry executives concerning their talent management. A web-based survey will be used. A statistical analysis of the responses will include performance of frequencies for all skills and competencies with the mean rating and standard deviation used to rank their importance. Results are expected to provide additional insight to hospitality education which will be beneficial in the curriculum planning process.

v Table of contents vi LIST OF ACRONOMYS x List of Tables xi List of Figures xii List of Plates xiii CHAPTER ONE 1 1.1Background to the study 1 1.2 Statement of the problem . 2 1.3 Objectives 3 1.3.1 General objectives 3 1.3.2 Specific objectives 3 1.4 Justification of study 3

The aim of this research paper was to assess the role of selected salient attributes on the customer satisfaction in the hotel sectors the case being Mbeya city Hotels. The specific objectives of this study included the attributes of customer relationship management on service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in Hotel industry and the service quality dimensions which relate to customer satisfaction. Several methods were used in the data collection. These methods were survey, questionnaire, interview and physical visits. A total of 55 of respondents were sampled and used among the customers and hotel owners. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The study found out that about 2 (40%) of the respondents (hotel owners) identified revenue growth (profit) and number of customers as the main indicators that measures business performance in the field. About 22 (44%) out of 50 customers identified number of customers, 16 (32%) identified revenue growth and 6 (12%) identified employee satisfaction as key indicators that measures business performance in the study area. As per communication to the customers concerned on the attributes of customer relationship on customer satisfaction, the findings showed 20 (40%) of the customers identified customer satisfaction, 15(30%) identified customer loyalty and 7 (14%) identified communication to customers as key attributes and 2 (40%) of hotel owners identified customer satisfaction and customer loyalty respectively as the key attributes of customer relationship management on service in Hotel Industry. The study recommended that hotel owners and employee should make their visitors happy and satisfied, hotel management should focus on the main factors that contribute towards customer satisfaction and also hotels should understand the needs of the customer and provide courteous services efficiently in catering such needs.

This study examines the effect of Human Relations Skills on the productivity of hospitality establishments some hotels in South-Eastern States of Nigeria. The study has six independent variables namely: communication skills, cooperation team work, employee social awareness skills, democratic leadership skills and employee participation skills as the human relations skills and the dependent variable is profitability. The study has six specific objectives and was guided by six research questions and six hypotheses. In carrying out this study, a sample size of 286 was used. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentages and frequency distribution tables. The stated hypotheses were tested using Ordinal Logit Regression. The study showed that employee social awareness skills in hospitality establishment significantly affect the profitability of the organizations. The study also showed that cooperative team work, participation in decision making and democratic leadership style ...

The College of Management and Technology offers a program of Bachelor of Sciences in Hospitality Management. It is a course program that delivers education to people who are interested to establish a career in the hospitality industry. The program is related to the fields of hospitality and tourism education which equip students with competencies that are needed to execute operational tasks and management functions in food production, accommodation, food, and beverage service, tourism planning and product development, events planning, transportation services, travel, and tour operations and other emerging sectors of hospitality and tourism industry. Accordingly, the researcher aimed to determine the teaching competencies of the hospitality management instructors in relation to the performance of the students in the hospitality industry. The study utilized the descriptive-quantitative research design and survey questionnaire method. A comparison of means was employed too. Findings re...

This study aims to investigate the factors affecting tourists' satisfaction and their revisit intention by randomly selecting 280 tourists from Pokhara, Nepal. Result of structural equation modeling confirmed the positive relationship between exogenous variables; hospitality service, the behavior of the people, and the cost of stay with tourist overall satisfaction. It further confirmed the significant positive association between tourist overall satisfaction and their intention to return. All the relations are statistically significant at the 5% level of significance. This study provides salient reference for future researcher, destination managers and policy makers of tourism industry of Nepal.

Всяка жена смята раждането за важен момент и изключително сериозно изпитание, но към настоящия момент у нас жените, които се подготвят за него, са малко. Анализът на достъпната литература ни дава основание да приемем, че отговорните фактори за недостатъчната и дори хаотична подготовка на бременните за раждането у нас са множество и имат разнороден характер. Цел: Да се проучи готовността на бременните за раждане и ролята на акушерката в подготовката на жените. Материал и методи: Проведено е проучване сред студенти дипломанти от специалност "Акушерка" на МУ-Варна (28) чрез пряка индивидуална анкета през м. юни 2017 г. Използвани методи-документален, статистически-анкетен, графичен анализ. Резултати и обсъждане: Студентите дипломанти на МУ-арна считат, че има съществени недостатъци в подготовката на бременните, постъпващи за раждане (89.28%). Студентите считат, че съществуват възможности подготовката на жените да се подобри (92.86%). Според тях въпреки ограниченията и неясните регламенти акушерките са основен ресурс за подготовка на бременните за раждане (67.86%). Повечето от анкетираните смятат, че акушерските грижи са един недостатъчно използван ресурс за обучение на жените (78.57%). Студентите предлагат разнообразни методи за обучение на пациентите-беседа (71.43%), демонстрация (67.86%), дискусия (39.29%) и тренинг (32.43%). Анкетираните считат, че пациентите ще бъдат по-добре подготвени за раждане, ако бре-ABSTRACT Introduction: Every woman perceives the process of giving of birth as a very important moment and exceptionally serious challenge, but up until this very moment, in Bulgaria, the women preparing themselves for this are not too many. The analysis on available literature gives us the impression that the factors responsible for the insufficient or even complete lack of preparation of pregnant patients for giving birth are too many and have a different origin. Aim: The aim of this paper is to observe the readiness of pregnant patients for giving birth and the role of the midwife in their preparation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of movies and TV dramas on Chinese tourists' choice of international travel destinations. An online survey instrument was developed and distributed to Chinese consumers through an online survey panel company. Findings indicated many Chinese are highly involved with international travel and were ardent about movies and/or TV dramas. There was a high level of agreement that these media outlets have a significant impact on travel motivations. Foods, fashion, and other elements featured in movies and TV dramas were motivators for the Chinese market. Thailand and Korea were the two top favorite destinations based upon movie and TV drama consumption. Implications for the tourism industry and the movie and TV drama industries are discussed.