Holistic Nursing

Anchored in one of the most dramatic social shifts in healthcare history, a Theory of Integral Nursing can inform and shape nursing practice, education, research and policy-local to global-to achieve a healthy world. A Theory of Integral Nursing, informed by integral theory, presents the philosophical foundation and application of an integral worldview and process. This theory also recognizes Florence Nightingale's philosophical foundation and legacy, healing and healing research, the meta-paradigm in a nursing theory (nurse, person(s), health and environment [society]), 6 patterns of knowing (personal, empirics, aesthetics, ethics, not knowing, sociopolitical), and other nonnursing theories. Key words: global health, healing, integral nursing, meta-paradigm in a nursing theory, micro to macro, nonlocality, patterns of knowing, Theory of Integral Nursing, transpersonal, transdisciplinarian, transdisciplinary dialogues A Theory of Integral Nursing does not exclude or invalidate other nurse theorists who have also informed my theory, specifically

Wholeness, consciousness, and caring are 3 critical concepts singled out and positioned in the disciplinary discourse of nursing to distinguish it from other disciplines. This article is an outgrowth of a dialogue among 4 scholars, 3 who have participated extensively in work aimed at synthesizing converging points in nursing theory development. It proposes a unified vision of nursing knowledge that builds on their work as a reference point for extending reflection and dialogue about the discipline of nursing. We seek for an awakening of a higher/deeper place of wholeness, consciousness, and caring that will synthesize new ethical and intellectual forms and norms of "ontological caring literacy" to arrive at a unitary caring science praxis. We encourage the evolution of a mature caring-healing-health discipline and profession, helping affirm and sustain humanity, caring, and wholeness in our daily work and in the world.

Background: The extension of roles within the Primary Care Team is one approach recommended to address the shortage of GPs in the UK. A key aspect of care that Advanced Nurse Practitioners (ANPs) can undertake is acute home visits. Aim: To evaluate the perspectives of Advanced Nurse Practitioners performing acute in-hours home visits in Primary Care. Methods: The research methods consist of the collection of qualitative data in eight semi-structured interviews across a Primary Care locality which were then analysed via a process of thematic analysis. Findings: Three key themes were identified: providing holistic care; engaging with the home setting; and negotiating role ambiguity. Conclusion: Practices wishing to involve ANPs in acute home visits should ensure clear definition and good understanding of the ANP role. Effective inter-professional relationships should be fostered with appropriate mentorship and clinical supervision to support ANPs in optimising their contribution to acute home visits.

Mindfulness is a burgeoning field of study and practice within mental health care and medicine. Yet ethical codes, and the philosophy of the therapist-client relationship, differ greatly between disciplines, and even more between those disciplines and mindfulness-based approaches. The potential for ethical dilemmas is therefore significant.

The book breaks new ground by taking a focused look at an ethics derived from contemporary clinical mindfulness practice itself. What does a secular ethics of mindfulness look like? Who is competent to work therapeutically with mindfulness, and how does one delimit areas and levels of competence? How do clinicians ethically understand the therapist-client relationship from the therapeutic position of mindfulness? And how do clinicians respond when the necessary restraints of their professional role and ethics code come into conflict with the mindfulness-based relationship and therapeutic position?

This book makes a vital contribution to the understanding of ethics as the cornerstone of mindfulness-based practice, and will be of interest to all those involved in delivering mindfulness-based interventions, including psychologists, counselors, spiritual directors, occupational therapists, physicians, nurses, and educators.

The objective of this study was to identify culturally grounded meanings of the concepts of comfort, presence, and involvement in the context of the childbirth experience. This was an exploratory study using a descriptive, qualitative design. The sample was made up of Black and White American women more than 18 years of age, who had given birth within the past 72 hours, and spoke English as their primary language. The analytical protocol followed was content analysis-i.e., the systematic reduction and simplification of data. To increase the validity and reliability/reproducibility of the analytic strategy, the researchers independently reviewed the process of data reduction to ensure conceptual clarity and consistency in the classification and elucidation of data. The conclusion reached was that differences exist between Black and White American women as regards descriptions and expectations about the concept of comfort and involvement during the labor and birth experience. These findings have implications for individual nursing practice behaviors as well as for the development of unit-based policies and prenatal education.

This article describes the Holistic Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. It defines holistic nursing, its five core values, and its practice standards. These include holistic philosophy, theory, and ethics; holistic caring process; holistic communication, therapeutic environment, and cultural diversity; holistic education and research; and holistic nurse self-care. Educational preparation for holistic nursing and settings in which holistic nurses practice are also explored.

To investigate the effects of Therapeutic Touch (TT) on anxiety, vital signs, and cardiac dysrhythmia in women undergoing cardiac catheterization. Design: It was a quasi-experimental study. The participants had no history of hallucination, anxiety, or other psychological problems. Participants had to be conscious and have attained at least sixth-grade literacy level. Participants were randomly assigned into an intervention group (n = 23; received 10-15 minutes TT), a placebo group (n = 23; received 10-15 minutes simulated touch), and a control group (n = 23; did not receive any therapy). Data were collected using Spielberger's anxiety test, cardiac dysrhythmia checklist, and vital signs recording sheet. Statistical analyses were considered to be significant at α = .05 levels. Findings: Sixty-nine women ranging in age from 35 to 65 years participated. TT significantly decreased state anxiety p < 0.0001 but not trait anxiety (p = .88), decreased the incidence of all cardiac dysrhythmias p < 0.0001 except premature ventricular contraction (p = .01), and regulated vital signs p < 0.0001 in the intervention group versus placebo and control group. Conclusions: TT is an effective approach for managing state anxiety, regulating vital signs, and decreasing the incidence of cardiac dysrhythmia during stressful situations, such as cardiac catheterization, in Iranian cardiac patients.

"Abstract

Many healthcare finance mechanisms involve transferring uncertain costs to healthcare providers in lieu of fixed payments or global capitation. Global capitation violates basic principles of risk management through insurance. Risk-theoretic analysis of capitation shows that risk disaggregation forces efficient providers to become inefficient insurers. Risk-assuming providers face lower profitability and increased exposure to operating losses, and must reduce patient benefits. Global capitation causes inefficiency, increases healthcare costs, and threatens patient-provider relationships."

0 0 1 ) D . ( 2 0 0 1 ) Journal of Advanced Nursing 33(5), 668±676 Advancing the science of symptom management Abstract. Since the publication of the original Symptom Management Model (Larson et al. 1994), faculty and students at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Nursing Centre for System Management have tested this model in research studies and expanded the model through collegial discussions and seminars.

Aim. The aim of this study was to explore how Thai nurses in intensive care units of a university hospital in Bangkok provided spiritual care to their patients. Background. The function of nursing is to promote health, prevent illness, restore health and alleviate suffering. An holistic approach to this promotion includes spirituality.

This article is a philosophical review of school nursing and its constructs framed by Barbara Dossey’s holistic nursing theory. The author describes the application of holistic nursing theory within the school nurse’s area of activity. The review suggests that holistic nursing theory can be applied in several areas of school nursing. School nurses have a multifaceted occupation that includes meetings with students, parents, and school staff. Barbara Dossey’s holistic nursing theory offers the school nurse tools to deal with people’s varied experiences, feelings, and needs.

Patient anxiety is frequently associated with admission and treatment in Critical Care Units. In Critical Care, one aim is the promotion of comfort so that anxiety experienced by patients can be reduced. In this article, a quasi-experimental design which attempted to determine the effectiveness of Therapeutic Touch as a nursing intervention is described. It was hypothesized that Therapeutic Touch would promote comfort and reduce anxiety. Before implementation of the project, a semi-structured interview was conducted amongst nurses (n = 18) from an Intensive Care Unit in a District General Hospital in East London. Interviews were conducted in order to determine the nurses' perceptions of the effectiveness of Therapeutic Touch as a complementary therapy. Initial findings of nurse interviews, a nurse's personal experiences of administering Therapeutic Touch and a case study indicate there may be a place for Therapeutic Touch as an intervention for promoting comfort and reducing anxiety in Critical Care. ... one of the ahns of tztlrshzg is the promotion of comfort so that atpciety can be reduced...

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with anxiety. Preoperative anxiety is considered a predictor for a range of suboptimal postsurgical outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a spiritual/religious training intervention on anxiety in Shia Muslim individuals scheduled for CABG. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of a preoperative spiritual/religious training intervention, congruent with Islamic supplication (Zikr), was administered in five sessions of 45 minutes duration to test the impact on anxiety in comparison with standard care. Seventy participants were selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. Baseline levels of anxiety and the impact of the intervention were assessed using the Persian version of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the intervention and control groups. Following the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in anxiety mean scores between intervention (19.48 ± 2.03) and control groups (43.27 ± 5.49), p < .001. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that preoperative spiritual/religious training can reduce anxiety in Muslim patients undergoing CABG. Further evaluation of this intervention in other population groups is warranted and the study underscores the importance of culturally appropriate and interventions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of relaxing music on pain intensity in patients with neuropathic pain. A quasi-experimental study, repeated measures design was used. Thirty patients, aged 18-70 years, with neuropathic pain and hospitalized in an Algology clinic were identified as a convenience sample. Participants received 60 minutes of music therapy. Classical Turkish music was played to patients using a media player (MP3) and headphones. Participants had pain scores taken immediately before the intervention and at the 30th and 60th minutes of the intervention. Data were collected over a 6-month period in 2012. The patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; mean pain intensity scores were reduced by music, and that decrease was progressive over the 30th and 60th minutes of the intervention, indicating a cumulative dose effect. The results of this study implied that the inclusion of music therapy in the routine care of patients with neuropathic pain could provide nurses with an effective practice for reducing patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; pain intensity.

Holistic approach to nursing care is a comprehensive model that involves all facets
of care which involves mental, spiritual, and social needs of patients. However,
studies have shown that most nurses are not familiar with this model of caring and
only considers the corporeal needs of the patient. Thus, the aim of the study was to
assess the caring behaviors, spiritual and cultural competencies of nurses. Also, the
extent of influence of cultural and spiritual competencies to the caring behaviors of
Filipino nurses were determined. The study utilized a causal research design and a
purposive sample of 124 Filipino medical-surgical nurses who were employed in
Level 3 hospitals were included. The data were collected through a survey using three
(3) questionnaires which includes Nurse Cultural Competence Scale developed by
Perng and Watson (2012), the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutic Scale developed by
Mamier and Taylor (2014) and the Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale developed
by Cossette et al. (2006). The data collected was analyzed using frequency,
percentage, mean, standard deviation and univariate linear regression analysis. The
findings revealed that Filipino nurses rated themselves good in terms of spiritual and
cultural competencies. Specifically, the subscales of cultural competencies which
include cultural skills, cultural knowledge, and cultural sensitivity were also rated as
good. On the other hand, the caring behaviors of Filipino nurses were rated as
excellent. The same findings were also noted for two of its subscales, the clinical care
, and comforting care while both relational and humanistic care were rated as very
good. Spiritual competencies showed a significant influence in the caring behaviors of
nurses, however, no significant influence was noted between the cultural competencies
and caring behaviors of nurses.

Keywords: Caring behaviors, cultural competencies, holistic care, spiritual
competencies

The competency-based approach to education, training and assessment has surfaced as a key policy in industrialised nations. Following the transition of nurse preparation to the higher education sector the need to attenuate the tension of interests between employer and educator arose. While the competency-based approach has the potential to fulfil this, the application of competence to nursing is controversial and little consensus exists on definition. This paper synthesises a significant volume of literature relating to the acceptability and definition of the concept of competence with regard to nursing practice. Subsequent to a focused review of literature, problems inherent to the definition and utilisation of the concept of nursing competence are discussed. Because nursing requires complex combinations of knowledge, performance, skills and attitudes, a holistic definition of competence needs to be agreed upon and operationalised. This could facilitate greater acceptance of the concept and also underpin the development of competency standards and the tools required for the assessment of such.

The purpose of the research paper is to provide an example of an annotated bibliography of at least six scholarly or peer- reviewed articles. The written annotations are illustrated from books, Web sites, articles, government documents and videos. An annotation should be written in the third person and should stand alone, accurately describing the contents of the source without reference to any other source. The bibliographic citation information should include the proper APA (American Psychology Association) formatted reference with a brief description of the published research and the type of sources available for the article. .

Aims and objectives: This article aims to clarify the concept of ''holism'' in nursing through the use of Rodgers . Concept analysis and the development of nursing knowledge; the evolutionary cycle. Journal of Advanced Nursing 14, 330-335] concept analysis framework. Background: The primary author is employed in a urology department which cares for many clients with end stage cancer. Holistic nursing practice is the philosophy of the unit, however many nurses struggle to articulate what holistic practice actually means to them, hence this analysis was deemed very pertinent to practicing nurses to enable the realization of nurses therapeutic potential when caring for patients in practice. Method: Rodgers (1989) well-established method of concept analysis was employed to facilitate the clarification of the concept of holistic nursing practice. Relevance to clinical practice: The clarification of the concept offered a working definition of holistic nursing practice which practicing nurses can clearly comprehend and avail of when caring for patients of all race, religion and creed in the clinical practice area. Conclusion: By undertaking this methodology of concept analysis the integrity of the concept was kept intact. The factors that influence holistic nursing practice were identified and a model case demonstrated the reality of holistic nursing care for practicing nurses.

Vibroacoustic therapy is a new sound technology that uses audible sound vibrations to reduce symptoms, invoke relaxation, and alleviate stress. This technology is developed based on the recognition that external vibration can influence body function. Research demonstrates the effectiveness of vibroacoustic therapy. Implications for nurses include investigating the possibilities of vibroacoustic therapy in various nursing settings to promote patient well-being and improve the therapeutic environment.

Purpose: The aim of the case study was to determine the effectiveness of massage in the management of stress urinary incontinence. Design: A 50-year-old woman with many years' history of stress incontinence was treated with massage. Methods: The methodology involved positioning of the patient and massage according to an original method including the initial, main, and final parts. Findings: The applied therapy contributed to a decreased amount of urine leakage (immediately following the therapy-by 21%, a month later-by 100%) and improved the quality of patient's life. Conclusions: A decrease in the amount of urinary leakage was observed immediately after therapy. One month after termination of massage therapy, a complete remission of symptoms was observed. Clinical Relevance: The presented massage procedure had a positive effect on the amount of urinary leakage on effort immediately after therapy and on fewmonth follow-up produced complete relief from the distress.

Health and nursing are shifting from acute care to community settings, causing confusion for clients and professionals. Although the holistic nursing perspective has improved care to human beings in interaction with their environment and has moved nursing away from pathology-focused care, the community as the focus of care has not been addressed. This article presents an integrated model of community health that expands holistic nursing to the community as client. The model clarifies nursing care for the individual, family, aggregate, and community. One can focus on any one level, with the awareness that each is part of a unified whole. Holistic community nursing completes the circle of care by moving beyond the particular part to focus on the greatest health for the community. The intent is to help nurses describe their unique areas of expertise within the complex community system and to establish a basis for collaboration and partnership.

The term person-centered care (PCC) has been frequently used in the literature, but there is no consensus about its meaning. This article uses Walker and Avants's method of concept analysis as a framework to analyze PCC. A literature search was completed and data were collected using several search engines (CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane Review). The key words used were "individualized-care," "person-centered care," "patient-centered care," "client-centered care," and "resident-centered care." Attributes, antecedents, and consequences of PCC were identified. Empirical referents were provided to measure PCC from the perspective of the person receiving care and finally, a model case provides an exemplar of the concept.

Seven major constructs-belonging, meaning, hope, the sacred, morality, beauty, and acceptance of dying-were revealed in an analysis of the literature pertaining to patient spiritual needs. The authors embedded these constructs within a 29-item survey designed to be inclusive of traditional religion, as well as non-institutional-based spirituality. This article describes the development of a multidimensional instrument designed to assess a patient&#39;s spiritual needs. This framework for understanding a patient&#39;s spiritual needs hopefully contributes to the growing body of literature, providing direction to healthcare professionals interested in a more holistic approach to patient well-being.

The educational preparation of registered nurses is presumed to reflect a holistic approach with emphasis on the bio-psychosocial model of care. The broader literature suggests this goal is not always realised. The aim of this study is to present the views, experiences, and perceptions of undergraduate nursing students who were taught by an academic with a lived experience of mental health service use. In particular, we wanted to look at the expected impact of this approach to learning on their nursing practice. A qualitative, exploratory approach was used, involving in-depth individual interviews with 12 undergraduate nursing students completing the course, "Recovery for Mental Health Nursing Practice," as part of a major in mental health nursing in a university in Queensland, Australia. Students were asked to reflect upon and discuss their experiences of being taught by a person with lived experience of mental health service use. Data were analysed following Colaizzi's steps to identify the main themes. The three main themes were (1) Recovery-Bringing Holistic Nursing to Life; (2) Influencing Practice; and (3) Gaining Self-Awareness through Course Assessment: Challenge and Opportunity. These themes suggest an appreciation for holistic nursing and an increased capacity for reflective understanding. The responses from participants suggest the Recovery course had a significant impact on their attitudes to nursing and that their nursing practice would be positively enhanced as a consequence.

This article discusses some novel approaches that can be implemented in Sri Lanka to upgrade its nursing education to meet global challenges. Globally, employers look for nursing professionals who possess competencies compatible with the new demands of the global healthcare system. Therefore, it has become necessary to upgrade nursing education to broaden its scope, and provide more exceptional patient care and job satisfaction. The relevant literature for the article was gathered from the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was restricted to the English language and 2020 as the year of publication. Health professionals in the field were also interviewed for their opinion on improving the Sri Lankan nursing curriculum. Enhancing nursing education is one of the best investments a country can make towards a quality healthcare system. Training is crucial. The implementation of new approaches to nursing education will standardize and develop the quality of nursing professionalism in Sri Lanka.

To help patients achieve the greatest benefit from cardiac rehabilitation programs, nurses must assist them to modify unhealthy behaviors. Many cardiac rehabilitation programs, however, lack a theoretical foundation; therefore, interventions are usually executed without accounting for the complexities of human behavior, and little consideration is given to the difficulties encountered in altering unhealthy behavior patterns. Bandura&#39;s self-efficacy theory is considered a suitable model for cardiac rehabilitation because it provides a systematic direction which allows one to interpret, modify, and predict patients&#39; behaviors. This article describes the development of and conceptual framework for Bandura&#39;s theory, how it provides a basis for measurement of self-efficacy, and how it may be applied to the study of cardiac rehabilitation. Finally, some research issues, which are related to applications of self-efficacy theory in cardiac rehabilitation are discussed.

Bach remedies were identified by Dr Edward Bach, a physician and homoeopath. Bach flower remedies consist of 38 remedies which are designed as a system of emotional healing. Remedies are dispensed in homoeopathic dosages, are safe and do not appear to interfere with any other medication. Nurses may find the remedies a useful adjunct to their nursing care.

This past fall, a group of Illinois Wesleyan University faculty members participated in roughly a weeklong visit to Russia, as part of an ongoing exchange that began in fall 2010, when the IWU campus hosted several colleagues from Russia for an international colloquium entitled "Childhood and Globalization." I was among the fortunate group who traveled abroad this year to be hosted by our colleagues atseveral prominent institutions in both Moscow and St. Petersburg, including the Russian State University for the Humanities in Moscow, the European University in St. Petersburg and the St. Petersburg State University for Culture and Arts.

topic. A nursing model for psychiatric nursing.source. Author's clinical work, review of literature.goal. To describe this model and its use with psychiatric clients.conclusion. This model complements the biomedical model by helping clients gain insight and access to their subjective experience.

Kesehatan merupakan suatu keadaan dinamis dari terwujudnya kesejahteraan fisik, psikis, sosial dan spiritual. Asuhan keperawatan spiritual merupakan bagian dari pelayanan keperawatan yang holistik dan komprehensif, namun keberadaannya masih menjadi wacana besar dan belum terlaksana secara optimal di pelayanan keperawatan. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Partisipan berjumlah 13 orang yang merupakan perawat yang bekerja di Rumah Sakit, sampel di peroleh dengan metode purposive sampling, data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara mendalam secara terstruktur. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 4 tema yakni: Beban kerja dan kekurangan staf perawat, format pengkajian keperawatan spiritual belum maksimal, tingkat pengetahuan aplikasi pelayanan keperawatan spiritual masih kurang, Dukungan/ kebijakan manajemen Rumah Sakit belum maksimal. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini diharapkan pelayanan perawat dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan spiritual dapat terlaksana secara komprehensif dilayanan kesehatan, dengan menyediakan standar pendokumentasian keperawatan spiritual dengan baik dan benar yang tentunya dapat di dukung oleh pihak manajemen rumah sakit. Kata Kunci :hambatan pelayanan spiritual, Asuhan keperawatan spiritual. ABSTRACT Health is a dynamic state of physical, psychological, social and spiritual well-being. Spiritual nursing care is a part of holistic and comprehensive nursing services, but its existence is still a big discourse and has not been implemented optimally in the nursing service yet. This research method is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. There are 13 participants evolved in this study. Those participants were nurses who worked in hospitals, and choosen by a purposive sampling method. Collecting data applied a structured in-depth interview method. There are 4 themes found in this study were: workload and shortage of nursing staff, unstadardize spiritual nursing assessment form, the lack of nurses knowledge on spiritual nursing care, the lack of support and policy from hospital management. Research recommendations are providing spiritual nursing care is necessary in hospital services, and its implemented comprehensively and holitically thorough hospitla services, providing a guidelines for impelementing spiritual nursing care, and the importance of hospital management support.

Spiritual services for patients in health care services are important. Spiritual care is one of the basic domains in the efforts of quality palliative care services. Its began when hospice services were developed into palliative services. Palliative care is a form of service aimed at patients suffering from advanced-stage of chronic disease both in life-threatening and life-limiting conditions, and in the patient's family and preparing patients near death to die with dignity. Palliative care is also a service that focuses on efforts to improve the quality of life of patients and families through comprehensive care that includes bio-psycho-social-cultural and spiritual. The purpose of this review literature is to identify spiritual assessment instruments for palliative patients. This review literature reviews scientific articles through searches in several journal databases such as CINAHL, Google Scholar, Proquest, PUBMED, and Science Direct. Some spiritual assessment methods that can be used in palliative patients are the FICA, FAITH, SPIRIT, ETHNIC (S), HOPE, and Ars Moriendi Model methods. Based on this review literature it can be concluded that the provision of spiritual care services is an important aspect of nursing, especially in palliative care services. The use of instruments for assessing the patient's spiritual is very helpful in exploring the value of the patient's faith and beliefs about life in a healthy and sick range. Abstrak Pelayanan spiritual pada pasien dilayanan kesehatan merupakan hal penting. Perawatan spiritual merupakan salah satu domain dasar dalam upaya pelayanan perawatan paliatif yang berkualitas. Hal tersebut dimulai sejak pelayanan hospis dikembangkan menjadi pelayanan paliatif. Perawatan paliatif merupakan suatu bentuk pelayanan yang ditujukan pada pasien yang menderita penyakit kronis stadium lanjut baik sifatnya mengancam jiwa maupun yang membatasi kehidupan, dan pada keluarga pasien serta mempersiapkan pasien menjelang kematian sehingga meninggal secara bermartabat. Perawatan paliatif juga merupakan suatu layanan yang berfokus pada upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien dan keluarga melalui perawatan komprehensif yang mencakup bio-psiko-sosial-budaya dan spiritual. Tujuan literatur review ini untuk mengidentifikasi instrumen pengkajian spiritual pada pasien paliatif. Literatur review ini menelaah artikel ilmiah melalui penelusuran di beberapa jurnal basis seperti CINAHL, Google Scholar, Proquest, PUBMED, dan Science Direct. Beberapa metode pengkajian spiritual yang dapat digunakan pada pasien paliatif yaitu metode FICA, FAITH, SPIRIT, ETHNIC(S), HOPE, dan Ars Moriendi Model. Berdasarkan literatur review ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian layanan perawatan spiritual merupakan aspek penting dalam keperawatan terutama di pelayanan perawatan paliatif. Penggunaan instrumen pengkajian terkait spiritual pasien sangat membantu dalam mengeksplorasi nilai keyakinan dan kepercayaan pasien baik mengenai kehidupannya dalam rentang sehat dan sakitnya.

Five years ago, if you told either one of us that we would be coordinating women's cancer studies, we probably would have laughed and said "There is no way!" We both are old post partum and OB/GYN clinic nurses from way back, but through a series of events, we found ourselves working in the Center for Research in Women's Health at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (Oklahoma City campus). One of us eased into research by doing easy "benign gyn" studies-device and hormone replacement therapy studies. The other of us was thrown, head first, into oncology studies. We work with five gynecological oncologists, two gynecological endocrinologists and one uro-gynecologist.

Spiritual care is an important component of holistic care. In Australia competency statements relating to nursing practice emphasise the need to provide care that addresses the spiritual as well as other aspects of being. However, many nurses feel they are poorly prepared to provide spiritual care. This is attributed largely to lack a of spiritual care education provided in undergraduate nursing programmes. A few higher education providers have responded to this lack of spiritual care education by incorporating specific content related to this area into their undergraduate nursing programme. Minimal international studies have investigated the impact of spiritual care education on undergraduate nursing students and no Australian studies were identified. This review explores spiritual care education in undergraduate nursing programmes and identifies the need for an Australian study.