Holistic Approaches

In lectures delivered to psychologists in the 1920s and ’30s, Marcel Mauss argued for a rapprochement between sociology and psychology. His goal was not disciplinary unification, but rather a more holistic sociology that recognized the mutual constitution of the body and mind, and the effects of society on the embodied person. Following a review of main points from Mauss’s lectures, I critically review several research programs that are advancing in directions similar to those Mauss advocated: cognitive science research on embodied cognition; psychology studies of cross-cultural differences in perception and emotional expression; and sociological studies of moral cultures. I argue that these research programs provide firm support for positions developed in Mauss’s lectures, and that, therefore, Mauss’s ideas provide a useful template on which future sociological studies of culture, mind, and body can be built.

This paper presents the results of a monitoring campaign conducted in the inner west of the city of Sydney during the 2019/2020 bushfire season. The combined effects of extreme pollution, heat waves and droughts are analyzed in terms of microclimatic perturbation. A compact meteorological station measured air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, precipitation, wind (speed and direction), solar radiation, UV radiation, UV index, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, at the one site. The monitoring campaign lasted from the 20th of December 2019 to the 13th of January 2020, when hundreds of bushfires were ravaging the bordering areas. A suite of dependencies emerged between PM concentration and air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and rain. PM concentration was higher during the night and in the morning, especially after daytime overheating events (temperature above 35°C). Raindrops triggered the highest and most persistent dust levels. Dense layers of PMs, in turn, strongly attenuated the UV radiation. Collected data also indicated anomalies in the intensity of the urban heat island compared to historical trends. This study is a first attempt to link together several different parameters on a local scale under weather anomalies. Future efforts will be directed to strengthening the validity of the above results and approach to broader boundary conditions.

The evaluation and selection among the best production practices beyond the conventional linear models is, nowadays, concerned with those holistic approaches drawn toward environmental assessment in industry. Therefore, researchers need to develop an analysis that can evaluate the performance of industrial organization in the light of their environmental viewpoint. This study implemented a pilot co-integrated scheme based on an innovative in-house Holistic Assessment Performance Index for Environment (HAPI-E) industry tool while assimilating the principles of circular economy through the Eco-innovation Development and Implementation Tool (EDIT). For the latter, nine qualitative indicators were motivated and enriched the weighting criteria of the questionnaire. The decomposition of the complexity and preferences mapping was accompanied by a multi-criteria holistic hierarchical analysis methodology in order to synthesize a single index upon a need-driven scoring. This multi-criteria decision approach in industry can quantify the material and process flows, thus enhancing the existing knowledge of manipulating internal resources. The key-criteria were based on administrative, energy, water, emissions, and waste strategies. Subsequently, the HAPI-E industry tool was modeled on the food industry, being particularly focused on pasta-based industrial production. Then, the parameters of this tool were modeled, measured, and evaluated in terms of the environmental impact awareness. The magnitude of necessary improvements was unveiled, while future research orientations were discussed. The HAPI-E industry tool can be utilized as a precautionary methodology on sustainable assessment while incorporating multifaceted and quantification advantages.

Alternative healing, including spiritual healing, unconventional, traditional/folk, and complementary medical treatments, is an increasingly relevant health-care resource in contemporary health-care systems, and a broad, constantly changing, and heterogeneous field of medical pluralism. Some suggestions for classifying spiritual healing as presented in the academic and gray literature are summarized and discussed. The findings are interpreted in terms of the paradigm of alternative modernities. In the direction of, but also in addition to, this paradigm, magic is introduced as a concept to denote certain highly ambiguous occurrences in the alternative modern. Magic is still very much alive and not easy to identify merely as a counterpart of rational, knowledge generating, disembodying modernity. In this setting, spiritual healing might be seen as a form of magical self-care. Magic is neither modern nor traditional nor irrational per se, but has to be contextualized and described in terms of characteristics like holistic diagnosis, interpersonal congruence, the imaginations of agency, and efficacy.

Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems with groundwater heat pumps (GWHP) provide a promising and effective technology to match the renewable energy supply and demand between seasons. This paper analyses the integration of an ATES and GWHP system in both district heating (DH) and district cooling (DC) networks in terms of system's efficiency, techno-economic feasibility and impact on the surrounding groundwater areas. To that end, a novel method of holistic integration of groundwater modeling is proposed and demonstrated for retrieving and analyzing data from a variety of open Finnish public data sources. A case study is presented, where the ATES integration is examined within an existing district heating network in Southern Finland. It is concluded that combining heating and cooling, with seasonally reversible ATES operation and balanced pumping volumes during summer and winter periods, had low impact on the aquifer area and is economically feasible. Finally, the study concludes that even with limited data, obtained from open public data sources, it is possible to assess the ATES integration with an acceptable accuracy.

Processing has major impacts on both the structure and composition of food and hence on nutritional value. In particular, high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is associated with increased risks of obesity and diabetes. Unfortunately, existing food indices only focus on food nutritional content while failing to consider either food structure or the degree of processing. The objectives of this study were thus to link non-nutrient food characteristics (texture, water activity (aw), glycemic and satiety potentials (FF), and shelf life) to the degree of processing; search for associations between these characteristics with nutritional composition; search for a holistic quantitative technological index; and determine quantitative rules for a food to be defined as UPF using data mining. Among the 280 most widely consumed foods by the elderly in France, 139 solid/semi-solid foods were selected for textural and aw measurements, and classified according to three degrees of processing. Our results showed that minimally-processed foods were less hyperglycemic, more satiating, had better nutrient profile, higher aw, shorter shelf life, lower maximum stress, and higher energy at break than UPFs. Based on 72 food variables, multivariate analyses differentiated foods according to their degree of processing. Then technological indices including food nutritional composition, aw, FF and textural parameters were tested against technological groups. Finally, a LIM score (nutrients to limit) ≥ 8/100 kcal and a number of ingredients/additives > 4 are relevant, but not sufficient, rules to define UPFs. We therefore suggest that food health potential should be first defined by its degree of processing.

This article presents the HOLOS System, a control architecture infrastructure to be applied on dynamic scheduling. It is knowledge based, open, distributed (multi-agent), flexible, integrated, object-oriented, extendible and modular. The architecture infrastructure supports the virtual manufacturing concept and, at the same time, allows the integration of existing equipment. Negotiation technique is applied for production resources allocation, which increases the control flexibility during a schedule generation, specially in the presence of disruptions. The Consortium concept is introduced as a support for improving several types of production flexibility of an enterprise. Finally, some implementation aspects are presented as well as current problems and advantages of HOLOS.

We are taught to think that the description of relativistic phenomena requires distorted time and distance. The message of this essay is that, in a holistic perspective, time and distance are universal coordinate quantities, and relativity is a direct consequence of the conservation of energy. Instead of the kinematics/metrics-based approach of the theory of relativity, the dynamic universe (DU) approach starts from the dynamics of space as a whole and expresses relativity in terms of locally available energy instead of locally distorted time and distance. In such an approach, e.g., the frequency of atomic clocks at different states of motion and gravitation is obtained from the quantum mechanical solution of the characteristic frequencies, and the unique status of the velocity of light becomes understood via its linkage to the rest of space. In the kinematic/metrics-based theory of relativity, we postulate the principle of relativity, Lorentz covariance, the equivalence principle, the constancy of the speed of light, and the rest energy of mass objects. The conservation of momentum and energy is honored in local frames of reference, and time and distance are parameters in frame-to-frame observations. In the dynamics-based DU, the whole space is studied as a closed energy system and the energy in local structures is derived conserving the overall energy balance. Any local state of motion and gravitation in space is related, through a system of nested energy frames, to the state of rest in hypothetical homogeneous space, which serves as the universal frame of reference. Relativity of observations appears as a direct consequence of the overall energy balance and the linkage of local to the whole-with time and distance as universal coordinate quantities. DU postulates spherically closed space and zero-energy balance of motion and gravitation. DU does not need the relativity principle or any other postulates of the theory of relativity. Primarily, the theory of relativity is an empirically driven mathematical description of observations, with postulates formulated to support the mathematics. DU relies on mathematics built on the conservation of an overall zero-energy balance as the primary law of nature, which makes DU more like a metaphysically driven theory. Both approaches produce precise predictions. The choice is philosophical-nature is not dependent on the way we describe it. V

The patient-centred model of health care, which recognises patients' autonomy, promotes their active participation in decisions concerning their own health, and strives to treat patients holistically, improves health outcomes but relies on effective communication between healthcare providers and patients. In a multilingual society, a major barrier to effective communication arises when healthcare providers and their patients do not share the same first language. This review aims to explore the impact of the language barrier on the effective rendering of healthcare services in South Africa, and to raise awareness that studies regarding language barriers within the South African healthcare sector are currently limited to isiXhosa in the context of English and Afrikaans, and has been conducted almost exclusively in the Western Cape. Research, therefore, needs to be extended to healthcare settings in the rest of the country, and needs to include all the languages and cultures protected under the South African Constitution. Moreover, there is an opportunity, and a need, for interdisciplinary collaboration between language practitioners and healthcare professionals to find viable solutions to communication challenges posed by linguo-cultural barriers within the multilinguistic South African population, in order to honour the right of every citizen to equitable health care.

We consider a wcll-known thermo-diffusive model for the propagation of a premixed, adiabatic flame front in the large-activation-cnergy limit. That model depends only on one nondimensional parameter /?, the reduced Lewis number. Near the pulsating instability limit, as ¡}]/¡i 9 -32/3, we obtaín an asymptotic model for the cvolution of a quasi-pianar flamc front, via a multi-scale analysis. The asymptotic model consists of two complex Ginzbürg-Landau equations and a real Burgers equation, coupled by non-local terms. The model is used to analyse the nonlinear stabihty of the flame front.

Ecological tourism is intimately associated with natural features such as scenic beauty, beaches and marine areas, flora and fauna, parks and conservation areas. Increasingly, this tourism is organized to help in the cause of rural poverty alleviation through community-based initiatives. This study illustrates this CBT trend in East Malaysia. Data were collected from field interviews with 208 villagers of Kampung Perpaduan, Kampung Batu Puteh, Kampung Mengaris and Kampung Singgah Mata involved in ecological tourism activities in Batu Puteh, Lower Kinabatangan River of Sabah. The findings of the paper reaffirmed the rationales for community-based tourism which not only aimed at poverty alleviation and enhancement of local community participation, but also underlined the role of the natural environment in community based tourism (CBT). They revealed how the holistic, sustainable approach of integrating a rural development project with forest conservation efforts and profit-oriented tourism business could be achieved by working with multiple stakeholders at various levels of operation.

The intention of this book is to give an overview of Adler’s fundamental ideas tracing the development of his theory of psychotherapy during the years between 1912 and 1937: the compensation of inferiority feeling and the founding of the concept of community feeling in emotional experience, in body and mind and in the philosophy of life. Adler doesn’t adopt an objectifying external perspective; he doesn’t see the overall context from outside, from a reflective distance, but rather looks from his experience of human society onto the contingency of human life. All of his theoretical concepts are bound up in this holistic approach. Adler’s theoretic development shows that the basic concepts of Individual Psychology are not only descriptive labels; they grow out of inner experience. Adler expresses harsh criticism of all forms of community governed by the “will to power” and pleads for a cooperation in terms of real social interest or community feeling.

The present study examines the driving forces behind smart city implementations. Besides the results of international and European standardization efforts, the importance of holistic approach to cities and the issues of cities as complex systems will also be discussed. Furthermore, the relationship between cyber-physical systems and smart cities will be presented, and finally, certain conclusions will be drawn about the safety and security of smart cities. The urban structures and technological advances presented in this article mark the arrival of the next industrial revolution, which means that these intelligent and smart systems will cover all aspects of life.

The quality of higher education is linked to listening and to satisfying the needs of all those involved (social partners, teachers, students, institutional bodies). The satisfaction of these needs requires a holistic approach that is capable of respecting the complex nature of teaching. In this sense, an approach called L'Ascolto has been developed, aimed precisely at listening to the needs and satisfying those needs through the design, management, evaluation and improvement of a degree course and the individual subjects that compose it, considered as a system of relationships and interdependencies. The approach is based on the TQM logic where the satisfaction of needs is pursued through a holistic approach. Given the innovative nature of the L'Ascolto, it is initially introduced and subsequently developed both in reference to the principles and methods of operation as well as in relation to other existing models.

This paper is a first attempt at outlining a conceptualisation of critical thinking that foregrounds the role of emotions and feelings. Building on a relational and interdependent perspective (as opposed to the traditional technical-rational view), it is proposed that greater awareness of emotions and feelings and the information they are conveying to us (emotional literacy) is something that would enhance the process and impact (or result) of critical reflection and contribute a significant advancement of the conceptualisation of the approach.

Culture is the main determining factor of dynamic changes in the ecological-territorial systems. Agriculture, rurality and landscape are basic concepts handling the study of said systems. Agriculture is conceptualized as the relationship between human beings and nature based on the degree of artificialization. According to the definition of agricultural problems and phenomena, the ontological and epistemological approaches of nature artificialization, resource management and cultural landscape construction change. The urban, rural and wildland are proposed as territorial typologies, and polis, ager and saltus as territorial components.

Deep cultural changes are as necessary as the change in paradigm to generate operative statements related with sustainable development. The emerging schools of thought, associated with the complex and transdisciplinary approach to life quality and existing sustainable development, from a theoretic-conceptual basis, and taking into account the cultural landscape from a holistic, systemic and constructive approach are trying to integrally incorporate the various dimensions of development and life quality.

Central concepts for sustainable cultural landscape construction, planning and design, are required to preserve governance in the cultural landscape. It is necessary to subordinate the hierarchical phenomenological limits and threshold from universal legality to construct sustainable cultural landscape adapted to our age. The concept of panarchy is fundamental for this orientation and consideration.

The fact that digital competence is a key competence in the 21 st century, which increases the educational level of an individual (in the lifelong learning process) and the chances for their professional growth and personal satisfaction within the context of diverse life realities of the 'networked' society, is currently undebated among experts. However, the qualities to be included as a result of reflecting the current trends of ubiquitous and all-embracing digitalisation and its associated changes in (not only) the educational needs of an individual are more widely discussed in a professional context and within a number of relevant European guidelines. The objective of this study is to contribute to the discussion in the context of the questionable reductionist concept of digital competence, preferring its technological and instrumental dimension, while ignoring enhancement of other key qualities, such as critical thinking, socio-affective qualities and persistent positive value habits of personality interacting with digital media. Especially with this intention, it tests the key tool to improve citizens' digital competence-DIGCOMP 2.0-The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. At the same time, it penetrates the process of media education, especially the five fundamental values, which include the new values of the media literacy movement (proposed by J. M. Pérez Tornero a T. Varis) as an integral part of the reflection and description of changes in its paradigm. The study outlines conditions for understanding the digital competence model, which, in the context of the generally perceived educational process should be holistic. Its support in implementation is particularly within formal education.

UNIWERSYTET ZINTEGROWANEGO KSZTAŁCENIA 3. Nauki społeczne i humanistyczne a Nauki o Sobie i Życiu W tym rozdziale przyjrzyjmy się pewnym elementom zakresu nauk społecznych i humanistycznych w kontekście Nauk o Sobie i Życiu.. Zgodnie z definicją Encyklopedii PWN, pod pojęciem obszaru nauk społecznych rozumie się zespół nauk zajmujących się społeczeństwem oraz zjawiskami i procesami, ujmowanymi z różnych punktów widzenia. Wyróżnia się więc takie dziedziny jak socjologia, psychologia społeczna, etnografia, prawo, politologia i in. Każda z nauk ma własne podkategorie czy dyscypliny, które obejmują swoim zakresem większy obszar wiedzy tychże nauk.

The IT industry was welcomed with open arms into the city as per the IT policy of the State government of Maharashtra. Pune is widely regarded as the second major "IT hub of India" and the top automobile and manufacturing hub of India. The main objective of this Thesis is to assess the extent of development at Hinjewadi and surrounding areas and accordingly propose planning interventions with respect to development of the area. Hinjewadi IT Park is proposed and developed by Hinjewadi MIDC. Existence of IT Park offers employment and development opportunities at city level and local level. But it also offers some challenges in development. Hinjewadi comes under PMRDA as it is not a part of Pune Municipal Corporation and Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation. Hinjewadi needs a special attention because of its IT hub. There are various authorities in Hinjewadi namely, Hinjewadi gram panchayat, Hinjewadi MIDC, Software Technology Parks of India, Hinjewadi Industries Association, IT employees and local residents of Hinjewadi. All of these authorities play an important role in development of Hinjawadi. These authorities are not interdependent on each other and are confined to their specific approach towards development. They lack in coordination and holistic approach of development. Major issue is faced by daily commuters from various parts of the cities. The IT Park is challenged by chaotic traffic, insufficient security arrangements. These various authorities need to be brought under one umbrella that will be a parent organization to develop holistic approach and better future development. The proposal would be to form an urban local body for Hinjewadi and surrounding area. The area will be delineated with possible development possible for Residential-Commercial development in the area.

Summary

For Gestalt psychology and Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy the "top-down approach" is characteristic. The article elaborates the four meanings in which one can refer to this: On the one hand one can speak of "top-down" referring to the holistic nature of the process of human perception and experience - that is, that perception and behavior proceed from the top down, from the whole to the details. Secondly one can speak of "top-down" referring to a procedure chosen for the investigation and assessment of a person, a behavior, a psychological process, a state of suffering, or a therapeutic technique, where such an approach usually proves to be superior to the "bottom-up" approach. Thirdly the "top-down" procedure can also be seen as the basic orientation for influencing psychic events also in psychotherapeutic practice: Trying to act on wholes is given preference over acting on isolated facts or behaviors. Fourth, and finally, there is the priority of holism in interpersonal encounter, which is an essential basis of constructive coexistence between people.

Zusammenfassung

Für die Gestalttheorie und die Gestalttheoretische Psychotherapie ist das „Vorgehen von oben nach unten“ kennzeichnend. Der Artikel arbeitet die vier Bedeutungen heraus, in denen davon sinnvoll die Rede sein kann. Zum einen geht es um die Tatsache der Ganzheitlichkeit menschlichen Wahrnehmens und Erlebens – dass also das Wahrnehmen und Verhalten von sich aus „von oben nach unten“, vom Ganzen zu den
Einzelheiten vorgehen. Zum zweiten wird dieses Vorgehen „von oben nach unten“ auch für das Herangehen an die Untersuchung und Einschätzung einer Person, einer Verhaltensweise, eines psychischen Vorgangs, eines Leidenszustandes oder einer therapeutischen Technik vorgeschlagen, wo sich diese Vorgangsweise in der Regel als überlegen gegenüber dem Vorgehen „von unten nach oben“ erweist. Zum dritten stellt das Vorgehen „von oben nach unten“ auch eine Grundorientierung jeder Einwirkung auf psychisches Geschehen dar, auch in der psychotherapeutischen Arbeit: Der Einwirkung auf Geschehensganzheiten wird der Vorzug gegeben vor der Einwirkung auf vereinzelte Sachverhalte oder Verhaltensweisen. Zum vierten schließlich geht es darüber hinaus um den Vorrang der Ganzheitlichkeit in der zwischenmenschlichen Begegnung, die eine wesentliche Grundlage konstruktiven Zusammenlebens von Menschen darstellt.

The paper examines Hungarian English majors' emotional and identity responses to second language acquisition (SLA) and proposes that the two are inherently linked. The theoretical underpinnings of the study draw on the holistic post-structuralist approach that looks at learners in their entirety and complexity (Kramsch 2009) and language learning as an embodied experience (Damasio 1994) that can be more or less transformative for the learner. The participants' multilingual identities are mapped in terms of desire (Kristeva 1980) and pain (Lacan 1977) in SLA, imagination (Anderson 1983), symbolic language use (Kramsch 2009), and conceptual blending (Fauconnier & Turner 2002). The paper is based on a multiple case study that involved 31 English majors as participants from the University of Pécs, in Hungary. Data were collected via a structured written task that contained three open-ended questions about the participants' language learning experiences and preferences. The questions addressed the participants' emotional and identity responses to SLA. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis in an iterative manner. The findings confirmed that language learners respond emotionally to language learning and these emotional responses shed light on their identities associated with SLA. The magnitude of the learner's transformation resulting from SLA corresponds to the magnitude of their emotional responses, shaping their multilingual identity accordingly. Emotions were frequently captured with the help of metaphors as a result of conceptual blending. Three recurring emotional responses emerged from the data addressing the experience of desire, pain, and freedom associated with English learning.

Increasingly recognized threats from climate change and the progressive sixth mass extinction require not only searching for new technological solutions, but also changing the perception of the world and the beings living in it. There is an urgent need to include individual practices; practices that are an integral part of integrated policies to protect habitats, the climate, and the homo sapiens itself. Eric S. Nelson, in his latest book Daoism and Environmental Philosophy. Nourishing Life introduces the reader to the environmental approach known to Chinese communities for centuries. In a comprehensive and accurate manner, the author presents the Chinese approach to life and development, the understanding and interpretation of which has changed over the centuries, invariably emphasizing man’s belonging to the world of nature. This review introduces the author’s assumptions presented in the book, combining them with relatively new thoughts and paradigms appearing in the 20th and 21st centuries in Western Europe and the United States.

أن هذه المقالة تمثل طرحا للبنية التحتية المسبقة لهذه الرؤية، بوصفها رؤية روحية كلية تتعلق بكليات الوجود وبكليات الحياة الإنسانية ‏وعلاقاتها وتفاعلاتها على هذه الأرض؛ ذلك لأنه لا حجية لأية رؤية كلية يقينية للحياة، وما وراء الحياة، إلا أن تكون صادرة عن خالق ‏الكون؛ لأن إدراك كليات الوجود ابتداءً، هي فيما وراء سقف المنطق الإنساني.‏
‏ إن هذه المقالة تهدف إلى توضيح الأساس العقلي والنظري للإيمان، وما يستتبعه من كليات الوجود، وهو ما يكِّون الأساس الذي تقوم ‏عليه الرؤية الكونية الإسلامية، والذي كان الأساس والنور الهادي للكاتب، الواعي وغير الواعي، منذ عهد طفولته، وعلى امتداد رحلة ‏حياته، لإيمانه ورؤيته الكونية الكلية الإسلامية، ولمعنى حياته في عالم المادة والروح.‏

Bu araştırmada, “Almaşık ve karmaşık gerçeklere bütünsel (holistik) yaklaşıldığında, düşünsel olarak tanımlanan sistemik yapıya sahip bilimsel bir bilgi köprüsünden hangi yaklaşımlar geçer/geçebilir?” sorusu irdelenmektedir. Bu araştırma, almaşık ve karmaşık gerçeklere çözüm sistemini, “Her-şeyi Anlayan-(Açıklayan)-Kuram (HAK)” olarak tanımlanan bilgi refleksiyonu temelinde, sistemik bir bütünlük içinde, sistemin derinliğine, eş-evreli (tutarlı) ve düşünsel (olgusal) biçimde üç boyutta kurgulayan disiplinler-arası bir çalışmadır. Bu amaçla, Kuantum Teorisi’nin Tamamlayıcılık İlkesi, Diyalektik Yöntem, Fenomenolojik Yaklaşım, Normal Bilim ve Post Normal Bilim yaklaşımları “Holistik Çözüm Sistemi Modeli (HÇSM)” içinde bütünleştirilmiştir. Holistik Çözüm Sistemi Modeli’mizde, almaşık ve karmaşık gerçeklerin çözümlenmiş gerçekliklere dönüştürüldüğü bütünsel bir çözüm sistemi önerilmektedir

Confronting current challenges, especially the COVID-19 pandemic, and striving to create a hopeful future – an era of life and active longevity – determine an urgent global need to implement the principles of humanity and create a new understanding of health and a healthy lifestyle, correlated with a fundamental respect for the dignity of life. Based on the idea of the relationship between health and a healthy lifestyle through the inherent value of the individual, embodying the intrinsic value of life, basic contradictions were identified: the contradiction between the understanding of health as a state of physical, mental, and social well-being and a healthy lifestyle, which focuses on the physical aspect of health, omitting the spiritual component; the contradiction between the numerous proposed strategies for a healthy lifestyle and the lack of a fundamental goal that expresses its value-semantic result. In the aspect of philosophical-methodological ideas about health and a healthy lifestyle, their essential binding element was defined – the good that embodies the result of the ultimate aspiration of a person. The resolution of the basic contradictions revealed in the analysis of philosophical-methodological ideas about health and a healthy lifestyle made it possible to present new, clearer definitions of health and a healthy lifestyle: health is a good that allows a person to embody the value of life in a specific reality; a healthy lifestyle is an individual way of life, which is based on a person’s respect for the dignity of life and creates a benefit to him/herself and others, gaining the joy of existence. A new concept of a healthy lifestyle was developed, which defined the joy of existence as its fundamental goal, implemented by a person through the creation of good for oneself and others in a system of socio-cultural and natural interaction based on respect for the dignity of life.

Abstracto


La desintoxicación es una necesidad y sencilla para el organismo de eliminación de sustancias no deseadas. Este efecto más de 300 millones de estadounidenses y casi 8 mil millones de personas en la Tierra hoy. Los vivos, los muertos y los no nacido. Tos, eliminación de desechos, vómitos y micción y órganos vitales que expulsan y filtrar. El cuerpo es un agente autocurativo diseñado para mantener a la persona en homeostasis. Este estudio abre up prácticas de desintoxicación tratamientos y conceptos en medicina alternativa. La desintoxicación es muy útil para pacientes y clientes que padecen enfermedades crónicas. Esto incluso puede ser una enfermedad mental. que involucran la mente, alergias estacionales, ansiedad o artritis y obesidad y factores ambientales como el cáncer. La terapia de desintoxicación se usa cuando la medicina convencional no puede diagnosticar o tratar. Enfermedad de enfoque holístico / sensibilidad química múltiple y fibromialgia. A veces el El cuerpo puede tener intolerancia a ciertos tipos de alimentos para ingerir, insomnio, dolor de garganta y pérdida o aumento de peso. Esto se basa fundamentalmente en que las enfermedades causadas por la acumulación de sustancias tóxicas Toxinas que se encuentran en el cuerpo. Entendiendo las toxinas existentes y evitándolas de nuevas toxinas es esencial para la persona del proceso de curación. Personas con el propósito de este estudio podrán comprender las partes de una salud óptima para traer bienestar a sí mismos.

The study sought to explore relevant intervention strategies for addressing academic, personal, social, and career needs for female students at a university in Eswatini with a view to enhance a holistic wellness of students. A qualitative approach using a single case study design was used to collect data from twenty-two students who were purposively selected from three faculties of this university including two counselors. Data were collected using focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that female students needed intervention strategies such as guidance and counselling, robust orientation services, cultivation of harmonious interactions, spiritual support, and physical support in the university to address their needs. The study recommended that the university should match quantitative growth with qualitative support by enhancing holistic wellness of female students in the institution.

Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768–1834) is often referred to as the father of modern theology and thus not only the originator of new theol- ogy, but of a new era. Mariña ranks him with calvin, Aquinas, and Augustine. The claim that he is the father of modern liberalism is certainly justified, but too simplistic. Unlike luther, Schleiermacher consciously endeavored to revolutionize the area of theology. He had a total reconstruction of christian theology in mind.

Schleiermacher’s importance within the field of new testament research is, however, often overlooked. This topic will be the main focus in our treatment of Schleiermacher, accounting for and discussing his Introduction to the New Testament, The Life of Jesus, and his Critical Essay on the Gospel of St. Luke, Schleiermacher’s primary exegetical work on that Gospel. Below, an initial overview of Schleiermacher’s life is given; a short section introduces some principal characteristics of his theological outlook; then, as mentioned, the bulk of the article focuses on Schleiermacher’s new testament research. In my concluding remarks an evaluation of friedrich Schleier- macher’s contributions is attempted.

The purpose of this study to examine the effect of a science course focused on
curriculum differentiation with holistic approach on gifted students’ understandings
about atomic structure. The case study approach was used in this research. The
sample of the study consisted of 10 (ten) gifted students. Implementation period
lasted 8 weeks for 3 hours each week. The data were collected through open-ended
questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and written reflections. The findings have
shown that gifted students were able to switch between macroscopic, microscopic,
and symbolic dimensions of atomic structure as a result of teaching a differentiated
chemistry lesson with a holistic approach. It was also seen that there are
advancements in understandings of theory-law-model development and nature of
science.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, bütüncül yaklaşımla program farklılaştırma odaklı bir fen
dersinin üstün/özel yetenekli öğrencilerin atomun yapısı konusundaki anlayışlarına
etkisini incelemektir. Bu bağlamda, bütüncül yaklaşımın uygulanmasında program
farklılaştırma ilkeleri göz önünde tutularak bilimin bilişsel, epistemik ve sosyal
yönlerinin vurgulanması esas alınmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, 8. sınıf düzeyinde
10 (On) üstün/özel yetenekli öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Uygulama haftada 3 saat
olmak üzere 8 hafta sürmüştür. Durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılan bu araştırmada
görüşme ve yazılı geri bildirim formu gibi çeşitli nitel veri kaynakları kullanılmış ve
verilerin analizinde nitel analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular özel
yetenekli öğrencilerin bütüncül yaklaşımla farklılaştırılmış bir fen dersi öğretiminin
sonucunda atomun yapısı konusunda makroskobik, mikroskobik ve sembolik
boyutları arasında geçiş yapabildikleri ve modelleme yapabildiklerini göstermiştir.
Ayrıca teori-kanun-modelin gelişimi ve bilimin doğası anlayışlarında da gelişmeler
olduğu görülmüştür.

This article examines the conception of the everyday city as presented in the work of architect Christopher Alexander and architectural theorist Bill Hillier: Both thinkers suggest that, in the past, lively urban places arose unself-consciousty through the routine daily behaviors of many individual users coming together in supportive space and place. In different ways. both thinkers ask whether, today, a similar manner of vital urban district can be made to happen self-conscioustv through explicit understanding transformed into design and policy principles. The aim for both Alexander and Hillier is place-based urban communities marked by lively streets, serendipitous public encounters, and informal sociability. The article begins by examining commonalities and differences in Alexander and Hillier's conceptions of environmental wholeness and urban place. Next. the article considers implications for urban design and, last, indicates the considerable value that the two thinkers' ideas offer environmental philosophy, particularly for understanding environmental wholes.

Modern education system are more focused on the development of learners’ mental intelligence and potential for economic productivity. However, the primary aim of education is neglected - to create conditions for persons to develop as a fully conscious and mature personalities with a strong character, a stable value system, and revealed inner talents. The need for conscious self-development is formed because the man is facing health problems and constant stress in modern society. The relevance of the problem become apparent understanding that there is a lack of qualitative research, revealing the concept of yoga as a holistic practice of self-development. The main research question - what is typical for experience of yoga as a holistic practice self-development of personality? The theoretical-philosophical basis for the study consists of the Eastern philosophy of education. The qualitative research using interpretative phenomenological elements have been carried out. The sample consisted of 12 research participants, including 5 women and 7 men. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were used in this study, the data were processed basing on the thematic analysis. The investigation has shown that yoga is a holistic practice of personality self-development encompassing physical, mental and spiritual level. Yoga is a form of self-knowledge and spiritual development, whose main goal – the formation of harmonious personality within health promotion, developing consciousness, and the creation of the spiritual relationship with yourself. It was found that yoga helps to achieve optimal results at the level of personality spiritual growth when the alert awareness is developed, intuition is amplified and when the subtle energetic power to know the unique human nature is mastered revealing inner talents and creative potential. For this purpose, introspection, concentration and self-control skills are developed, also silencing the mind, listening to the sound, furthermore the methods of visualization and conscious reprogramming are applied. Meditation as the highest stage of yoga helps to make the strongest connection with the spiritual world by contact with the Cosmic Consciousness. Yoga has a positive impact on the quality of learning, so it is recommended to incorporate a course of yoga and meditation in the framework of formal learning programs in educational institutions.

The main argument of this dissertation is defined by a multidisciplinary nature of conducted research. The first presented hypothesis of this study is that Rudolf Steiner and Richard Buckminster Fuller are distinguished from other architects in that their work is based not on some vague notion of inspiration, but on a detailed study of Nature. The argument given in this dissertation is that each of these two authors belongs to a tradition that refuses conventional approaches and frameworks, such as organic or green architecture. More to the point, their work approximates a uniquely holistic architectonic design, aspiring to an integral system architecture, that includes, but not subsumes, natural and mystical. While Steiner uses anthroposophical teachings, Fuller's approach is firmly based on spiritually based analysis of natural principles. This surprising fact explains a fascinating effort to—in order to achieve ecological balance in architecture, and design in general-ground itself in a profound reflection of the soul memories of pre-earth existence. This is the distinctive quality of holistic architectonics design, which, without being based on identical principles, speaks to the same problem (Nature-God). The central premise of new proposed approach to architecture, given by the author of this dissertation, called: holistic architectonic design, is that all life responds positively to the design that is harmonious with the nature of energy. For Steiner, mysticism is consciously recognized as an apex of spirituality, or connection with the higher realms; for Fuller, mysticism is revealed gradually, and used with conscious intent in his later work. Given the singular experience of the eternal quest for higher levels of integrativity and holism in architecture, this research perspective has opened new questions and interpretative dilemmas. According to the interpretation of the author of this doctoral thesis, holistic architectonics is comprised of six elements: science, mysticism, ecology, vernacular architecture and Richard Buckminster Fuller and Rudolf Steiner architectural elements. In view of this analysis, the work of Fuller and Steiner invokes the need for a genuinely new architecture, by way of reinvention

500 words max): 1 18--19 November 2014 l Padua, Italy Cristobal Altaverapaz. By studying the logic of action of actors who mobilize to establish a solution, it proposes an approach for policy experts, that finds compromise between different conceptions of risk and the appropriate responses in order to obtain a solution acceptable to all those involved. It further argues that experts must not persist in their own conception of the problem, but must work from a position of recognising the interests of others in order to produce such a solution. Such an integrative approach may require the abandonment of certain criteria and the incorporation of others in order to reach consensus. In this sense, the challenge for managers of natural hazards is to move from risk management in the strict sense, which focuses mainly on hazards only, to a broader risks management, taking into consideration what is important for society and for the functioning of systems. This balanced approach to risk management will engage all stakeholders to evaluate risk priorities and determine the contextually appropriate risk management strategy.]

We are using the term archetype to refer to a metaphysical intelligence or an immaterial energy force of entelechy1 that purposively guides us to gradually fulfill the fullest range of potentials or capabilities that are built into the “fabric” or spiritual pattern of our inherent permanent being. For example, the archetype, or the purposive, self-organizing, self-fulfilling or self-actualizing, force of entelechy, subliminally directs the ascending, or progressively advancing, physical development of a tree or flower from seed to full blossoming or full fruition; and likewise directs the hatching of an egg into a bird; as well as guides the biological, mental, emotional, psychological, social, creative, experiential, and spiritual development of individual human beings in the world. The optimal fulfillment of our natural potentials and capabilities contributes to the further development, or progressive advancement, of our inherent life function, or the various ways in which we are naturally inclined to express genuine caring to others and make productive contributions for the benefit of other individuals, the integral whole web of life, and the Universal Source of life. Our individual life function particularly involves the various ways in which we distinctively contribute to the growing or cumulatively developing self-understanding and enhanced self-development of the collective community of humanity and the Universal Life Source or Divine Life Substance.

La 'complejidad' de Morin desarrolla caminos ya iniciados por Gregory Bateson y es también superior a otras propuestas con similar denominación dado que postula un holismo con conciencia de las partes y a la vez, dada su procedencia de las ciencias humanas y socioculturales, capaz de integrar la mente y sus producciones. Morin parte, así, de la necesidad de ecologizar toda perspectiva, de situar en su contexto cualquier fenómeno. Reconoce asimismo la necesidad de distinguir entre los elementos de la realidad a fin de intentar proceder a su comprensión, pero a la vez  postula la no-separación de esta realidad, es decir, distinguer sans disjoindre. Aplicada esta perspectiva a la esfera lingüístico-comunicativa está claro que podemos concebir una visión ecodependiente del mensaje verbal. Las emisiones lingüísticas existen en el marco de las intenciones interaccionales y de las situaciones sociocognitivas, entorno, pues, que podrá ejercer un importante grado de influencia en la selección de los elementos lingüísticos de la emisión y en la  propia interpretación de los mismos por parte de los interlocutores o simplemente espectadores de la relación comunicativa. Algunas líneas de la Lingüística contemporánea explotan ya con gran acierto y profundidad esta perspectiva clásica.

También el físico David Bohm ejemplifica en su conceptualización del orden implicado la realidad como fluyente y dinàmica. No se hace muy difícil llegar a ver que la interacción comunicativa entre los humanos necesita también ser entendida desde estos parámetros, dado que un movimiento comunicativo visto como separado de su situación y de los movimientos precedentes  puede resultar incomprensible y absurdo. Es en el flujo conversacional y social donde  pueden entenderse -y, entonces, tratar de ser explicadas- las construcciones verbales -y no-verbales- de los humanos. Es en las reverberaciones de unos turnos conversacionales con otros, de unas formas lingüísticas con otras, o de unos sonidos y de unas entonaciones con otros, y en la transversalidad auto-eco-organizativa entre las  propias partes, y las partes y la totalidad producida, donde desde el orden implicado y la complejidad ecológica, podemos tratar de entender mejor los mecanismos de la comunicación humana cotidiana.

This project focuses on the affective side of creative thinking and creating a bridge to the cognitive side. It presents the personal transformation of the author using non-drug induced altered states of consciousness. The finished project includes the beginnings of a holistic creative problem solving model and a workshop which will assist those wishing to become more creatively productive or are looking for a way to creatively self-heal.

This paper aims to address the effects of speed as an urban fragment in the city and suggests finding ways to change percep- tions toward the negative effects of speed in İstanbul. It is supposed that changing our perception or ways of approaching the built environment can raise awareness or reactions that are steps to criticizing urban transformation from different perspectives. Thus, it is proposed that Plato’s cave allegory be taken as an example for the dwellers of Istanbul. This allegory can be represented in the urban realm through intertwined layers of construction. Against these layers of boundaries, Breaking from Plato’s cave is suggested as a metaphor for constructing an alternative strategy to change our way of perception of rapid construction in urban space. For the demolishment of the boundaries between the ideal and real worlds, which speed has aggrandized, there can be an escape by playing with the displayed reality through developing a holistic approach and a non-schismogenic artistic intervention. A dweller today needs to act in order to escape the invisible frontiers through unfolding reality. In breaking from Plato’s cave, there is a search for a way to break down this “reality” as it is perceived by many dwellers through play and active participation.

Keywords:: speed, breaking from Plato’s cave, İstanbul, urban housing,metaphorical thinking, holistic approach.
Palavras-chave: velocidade, fuga da caverna de Platão, Istambul, habitação
urbana, o pensamento metafórico, abordagem holística.

Veliko število tveganj in nevarnosti je povezanih z izpustom toksičnih industrijskih materialov (TIM) ali ROTA dogodki (drugačni izpusti nevarnih snovi - angl. Release Other Than Attack). Prepričanje, da je vojaška zaščitna oprema v primeru tovrstnih izpustov brezhibna, spada med najnevarnejša varnostna prepričanja. Namen prispevka je izpostaviti naslednje izbrane vidike obravnavanj:
1. Ali smo resnično prepričani, da oborožene in druge varnostne sile v jedrskih, radioloških, kemičnih in bioloških (JRKB) okoljih in/ali okoljih TIM ne morejo postati tarča civilnih izgredov zaradi potrebe civilistov po osebni zaščiti?
2. Ali imajo vladna zaščitna vozila, osebje in varovano osebje osnovno zaščitno opremo (npr. dihalno masko) za JRKB in/ali TIM okolja?
3. Zakaj ljudje niso sposobni potrebnega celostnega razmišljanja?


The numerous hazards and threats are directly connected to release of toxic industrial materials (TIM) or/and release other than attack (ROTA). Existing, but doubtlessly superior chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) protective equipment is one of the most deceiving military safety persuasions. In the present article the tree selected problems are enhanced:
1. Do we really believe that it is practically impossible for the security/armed forces to become a target of a civilian riot in the case of CBRN/TIM’s environment because of the civilians’ needs for physical protection?
2. Do the government’s protégés vehicles possess the basic protective equipment (i.e. respiratory and eye protection masks) in the case of CBRN/TIM’s environment?
3. What makes people incapable of requisitely holistic thinking?

Impairment and disability are fundamental human experiences across cultures, yet disability remains curiously under-studied and under-theorized within anthropology, particularly within physical anthropology and archaeology. Why is this the case and how might this change? This paper critically examines anthropology’s varying detachment from and engagement with disability studies up to the present. It is suggested that a holistic approach which integrates data and insights from archaeology, physical anthropology, and sociocultural anthropology would offer the means for an important and distinctly anthropological contribution to the study of disability in the past and present. Direction is taken from previous anthropological work on women/gender and Indigenous peoples, particularly the use of a political-economic approach. It is argued that a focus on theoretically-situated bodies, increased inclusion of people with disabilities, and a demonstrated relevance to current disability issues will be essential aspects of an integrated anthropology of disability.