Healthcare Administration

Chronic diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart issues, and breathing problems are some of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Managing these diseases usually requires regular check-ups, changes in lifestyle, and sticking to medications. Recent developments in wearable technology have opened up new ways to better manage these diseases, improve patient results, and make healthcare more efficient. When these devices are used with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), offer unprecedented opportunities to monitor, predict, and manage chronic diseases in real-time. This review explores at how wearable devices are currently used in managing chronic conditions, their benefits and limitations, and possible future developments in this rapidly evolving subject. It looks at the key roles that wearable devices have in managing diabetes, heart diseases, breathing issues, and mental health problems. It also discusses how AI and ML are applied in wearable devices for managing chronic diseases, the challenges these technologies face, and where they might head in the future. Lastly, the paper considers what the future may hold for wearable technologies, such as predictive healthcare, personalized medicine, and managing multiple diseases, and the challenges that need to be addressed for broader use.

This chapter analyzes the issue of primary health care utilization in Hong Kong and introduces the case of Hong Kong where a special division between public and private sectors has developed in the field of primary health services. The chapter argues that in the foreseeable future, it is likely that the division of health care between the public and private sector will be maintained. In recent years, more and more individuals and families have purchased private health insurance so as to gain more options. The idea of universal health insurance was rejected by the public in recent consultations; the current alternative is government-regulated private insurance. Although private primary health services will continue as usual in the near future, public primary health services should be maintained or even expanded. Given the costliness of private services (especially specialist services), it is recommended that more resources should be invested in corresponding public health services.

Decision-making in healthcare leadership often relies on subjective experiences rather than structured, evidence-based approaches, leading to inefficiency, missed opportunities for improvement and ineffective control over rising healthcare costs. This narrative review examined key facilitators that enhance the adoption of Evidence-Based Management (EBMgt) in healthcare, focusing on leadership effectiveness, operational efficiency, and strategic decision-making. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, ABI/INFORM, Google Scholar, Emerald, ResearchGate, Harvard Business Review, ProQuest, and Health Business Elite, covering studies from 2015 to 2025. After applying inclusion criteria, 37 studies were analyzed to identify enablers supporting EBMgt implementation. The most common study designs were quantitative cross-sectional studies (n=11), systematic literature reviews (n=6), and qualitative studies with semi-structured interviews (n=5), with most studies conducted in the United States (n=9), Iran (n=6), and Australia (n=4). The findings showed that leadership commitment, organizational culture, access to high-quality evidence,

OBJECTIVE To decode and analyze the most recent financial statements of the public hospitals in Greece, with the ultimate goal of mapping their financial profile and highlighting the areas to be improved. METHOD The survey was conducted on the entire set of public hospitals, for which the published financial statements of 2022 were obtained. Selected financial figures were used for the comprehensive description of the sector and the calculation of the core financial ratios. Descriptive statistics was the main analysis in addition to the concentration ratios of the examined market. RESULTS Public hospitals were found to have assets of high and increased compared to the recent past value, they are predominantly labor-intensive organizations and maintain low leverage. As a sector, they are soundly concentrated in terms of both balance sheets and income statements, while the size discrepancy between the largest and smallest units is also notable. Perhaps their most characteristic feature is the accounts receivable volume, i.e., the accrued hospitalizations to be collected from the insurance funds, and therefore the long-time periods needed to complete this collection. Thus, the homonymous ratios convey a rather fictitious liquidity status. This phenomenon of stagnant receivables is treated with delaying supplier payments and defensive cash management. On the other hand, the sector achieved low profitability, as expected thanks to its non-profit nature, but it is highly dependent on the questionable practice of transferring earnings from previous fiscal years and the state grant for salaries amount as well. CONCLUSIONS The financial profile of public hospitals should be unified and updated primarily for accountability reasons. But, its decisive role in supporting critical decisions regarding the allocation of resources should not be forgotten. Moving towards this direction requires interventions, with universal adoption of contemporary accounting standards and development of relevant expertise within public health units as the main objects.

While maintaining a system that is friendly for patients, doctors, and administrative personnel is a complex task, it is not a mission impossible. The scale of patient data in Latvia programmatically is not very large, which means, a lot of problems could be solved by locking a group of programmers in a room for a week without distractions and retrieving the system at the end of the week. On a more serious note, the challenges in healthcare come with the heavy burden of creating an environment where society can thrive and not contribute to an ageing population. While keeping that in mind, it is important to find a way to reduce the time of treatment for patients and let computers do what they are best at. The law is not the problem, we as a country need to find a way to create a transparent system that is simple enough to use and combine the existing resources into a meaningful, fresh result.

Healthcare Information Technology (HIT) data breaches and system security failures give cause contributed to concern for collective effectiveness of its intended operational design. Healthcare organizations increasingly face risks in governance and accountability to ensure correct safety and preventative measures about the misuse of patient data. Rising HIPAA Lawsuits filed with state and federal authorities cite potential health care violations found when data breach events occur. Due to the severity of allegations amongst filing parties on discovery, harrowing concerns about negligence in protecting patient rights to privacy result from the misuse of privacy data stored for all medical purposes. More alarming are the potential decreases of the public's trust in healthcare delivery, socioeconomic matters, pecuniary loss, and psychological effects when

Sağlık yönetimi, sağlık hizmetlerinin etkin ve verimli bir şekilde sunulabilmesi için kritik bir alan olup hem sağlık profesyonellerinin hem de politika yapıcıların kararlarını şekillendiren dinamik bir disiplindir. Küreselleşen dünyada sağlık sistemlerinin karşılaştığı zorluklar, modern toplumların en kritik alanlarından biri haline gelmiş olan sağlık yönetiminin önemini daha da artırmaktadır. Bu kapsamda yazılmış olan bu eser, sağlık yönetimi alanındaki temel kavramlar, uygulamalar ve yenilikçi yaklaşımları kapsamlı bir şekilde ele almayı amaçlamakta olup sağlık yönetiminin geniş bir perspektiften incelenmesini sağlayacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. İlk bölümde, sağlık hizmetlerinde değer temelli yaklaşımın önemi ve bu yaklaşımın sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesini nasıl artırabileceği üzerinde durulmuştur. Sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesinin artırılması için gerekli olan sistematik yaklaşımlar, sonraki bölümlerde daha detaylı bir şekilde tartışılmaktadır. Sağlık hizmetleri ve sağlık sistemleri, özellikle modern dünyada karmaşıklaşan yapılarıyla dikkat çekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, sağlık kurumlarında bilgi sistemlerinin güvenliği ve yönetimi gibi hayati konulara da değinilmiştir. Dijital dönüşüm, sağlık sektörünün en önemli dönüşüm alanlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Bu dönüşümün sağlık hizmetlerine etkisi, özellikle sağlık kurumlarında dijitalleşme ve yapay zekanın kullanımını irdeleyen bölümlerle detaylandırılmıştır. Sağlıkta yapay zekâ ve dijitalleşmenin getirdiği yenilikler, sağlık hizmetlerinin geleceği için büyük bir potansiyel taşımaktadır. Kitap, sadece sağlık yönetiminin teorik yönlerine değil, aynı zamanda pratikteki zorluklar ve çözümler üzerine de odaklanmaktadır. Sağlık kurumlarında farklılıkların yönetimi, sağlık ekonomisi, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ve sağlık diplomasi gibi başlıklar, bu zorlukların üstesinden gelmek için önemli bir perspektif sunmaktadır. Hemşirelik hizmetleri yönetimi ve sağlık otelciliği hizmetleri gibi konular, sağlık yönetiminin interdisipliner doğasını gözler önüne sermektedir. Sağlık kurumlarında yorgunluk konusunun yanı sıra sağlık hizmetlerindeki inovasyon yönetimi gibi önemli yönetimsel konular da kapsamlı bir şekilde işlenmiştir. Son olarak, sağlık hukuku ve mevzuatı, sağlık yönetiminde kararların doğru ve etik bir şekilde alınabilmesi için temel bir yapı taşını oluşturmaktadır. E-sağlık okuryazarlığı ise sağlık profesyonellerinin ve hastaların dijital sağlık araçlarını etkin bir şekilde kullanabilmesi için önemli bir beceri alanıdır.
Bu kitap, sağlık yönetimi alanındaki teorik bilgileri pratiğe dökme amacı güden, sağlık sektöründeki liderler, yöneticiler, akademisyenler ve öğrenciler için kapsamlı bir kaynak niteliğindedir. Bu bağlamda, sağlık sistemlerinin karmaşıklığı ve dinamik yapısıyla doğrudan ilişkili olan sağlık hizmetleri yönetiminde rol alan liderlerin ve profesyonellerin, bu kitabın içeriğinden ilham alarak daha etkili yönetim stratejileri geliştirmelerini diliyor, kitabın sağlık yönetimi alanındaki akademik bilgi birikiminizi genişleteceğini, aynı zamanda pratikte karşılaşılan sorunlara dair çözüm önerileri sunacağını umuyor ve bu alanda çalışan her bireye katkı sağlamasını diliyoruz.

How Hospital Management Software is Revolutionizing Healthcare Know how hospital management software is changing healthcare by improving efficiency, enhancing patient care, and automating operations for better results. In this article, along with benefits you will enjoy to read the main features of the healthcare software.

I have seen clearly that artificial intelligence have really caught-up with all reas of our lives. The roles of good leadership cannot be over emphasided in this generation, so the need to analyse, eveluate and suggest or advice on options for a better leaderhip style in an AI driven system is really needed. That is why I'm driven to add my stroke of lines. This is my first scrap publication. I will be working with my professor to make sure it is worth the wait once everything is put rightly. But, I could not just wait to wet my reader's appetite.

Background: Patients have explicit desires or requests for services when they visit hospitals. However, inadequate discovery of their needs may result in patient dissatisfaction. This study aimed to determine the levels and determinants of patient satisfaction with outpatient health services provided at public and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 27 March to 30 April 2010. The study included 5 private and 5 public hospitals. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. A pre-tested and contextually prepared structured questionnaire was used to conduct interviews. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, factor analysis and multiple linear regressions were performed using computer software (SPSS 16.0). Results: About 18.0% of the patients at the public hospitals were very satisfied whilst 47.9% were just satisfied with the corresponding proportions a bit higher at private hospitals. Selfjudged health status, expectation about the services, perceived adequacy of consultation duration, perceived providers' technical competency, perceived welcoming approach and perceived body signalling were determinants of satisfaction at both public and private hospitals. Conclusions: Although patients at the private hospitals were more satisfied than those at the public hospitals with the health care they received, five of the predictors of patient satisfaction in this study were common to both settings. Thus, hospitals in both categories should work to improve the competencies of their employees, particularly health professionals, to win the interests of the clients and have a physical structure that better fits the expectations of the patients.

The medical record is one of the most important parts of a health service which must be supported by an adequate number of human resources, so it is necessary to calculate the exact workforce requirements. Medical record activities at Ramdani Husada Inpatient Clinic are not done by officers with medical record education qualifications but are carried out by officers with qualifications of high school education, midwifery diploma, and midwifery diploma. The research objective was to describe the need for medical record personnel based on the WISN (Workload Indicator of Staffing Need) method at the Ramdani Husada Inpatient Clinic. The research design used descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The population and sample of the study were all officers who carried out medical record activities as many as 3 people including the clinic manager, head of administration, and administrative staff. The results showed that the available work time was 1,953 hours/year or equiva...

End to end testing, to put it very simply, is a sort of software testing to ascertain whether software is behaving as
planned. An End to end test is a way which tests every layer of the application, including the user interface, the browser (and
compatibility with it), the network, the server, the APIs, the codebase, any third-party integrations, and any hardware—the whole
kit. As there were a number of drawbacks in the manual testing, in order to overcome these drawbacks automation testing has
been proposed

Leadership styles can have both positive and negative effect on employee performance, and the effectiveness of a particular style depends on the organization's goals, the leader's personality, and the dynamics of the team. Appropriate leadership styles is a critical factor in employee performance. The study aims to investigate the effect of leadership styles and work orientations on employee performance within the Jakarta Islamic banking industry. The research design used for this study is descriptive. A pilot test was carried out prior to data collection to confirm the validity and dependability of the study instrument. This study used a questionnaire and a field survey to gauge employee performance. Using a purposive sampling technique, a total of 364 employees Islamic banks, from sample 12 commercial Islamic bank and sharia business unit. PLS-SEM was employed for the data analysis. The findings of the study that leadership styles both situational leadership and path goal leadership, both of which have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The findings also demonstrate that work orientation, which has a favorable and significant effect on the performance of Islamic bank employees. This study suggests that leaders in Islamic banks should encourage positive innovation and creativity, leaders are willing to listen to employees' expectations and are willing to discuss with employees to achieve better performance.

The necessity for distributed healthcare information systems have grown in the digital health settings, serving as the foundation for Internet of Things cloud data warehouse repositories management and record federation. The amount of sensitive data that are stored including financial information, medical records, and private communications, as well as the expansion of healthcare distributed systems, raises significant concerns about potential security breaches and exploitation. On the account that sensitive patient data is stored in these distributed healthcare systems, there is need to comply with new cybersecurity requirements. Implementing data-driven technology offers a great chance to make significant improvements in the sector toward better patient and public healthcare use of sensitive data. In this study, the author achieved two essential goals by distinguishing the suggested strategy from all other existing methods of patient healthcare data management. In the beginning, we integrated blockchain technology with a federated learning system to develop a cognitive computing paradigm that enhanced accuracy, making healthcare data warehouse information system fake data injection attacks impossible. In the second approach, the author introduced secured message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) communication as a gatekeeper strategy to prevent indiscriminate node flooding by allowing selective client admittance by the MQTT broker via the MQTT protocol, which ensured that broker node verification and authentication were harmonized using the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) blockchain consensus algorithm.

Günümüzde hemen her gün dünyanın birçok yerinde afetler meydana gelmektedir.
Deprem gibi büyük etkisi olan afetler çok sık şekilde yaşanmadığı için afetlere karşı ne derece hazır olduğumuz göz ardı edilen bir konudur. Afetlerle mücadele etmenin en etkili yolunun, afet yaşanmadan önce tedbirleri alma olduğu ve bu tedbirlerin afet sonrasında toplumun kayıplarını azaltacağı görülmüştür. Afetlerde sağlık hizmetlerinin en büyük grubunu oluşturan sağlık çalışanlarının, afete hazır olma durumları ve afet yönetimine katılımlarındaki etkin rolü toplumun sağlık ve refahının sürmesi için vereceği nitelikli bakım ile toplumun en önemli kaynaklarındandır.
Bu araştırmada acil serviste çalışan hekim ve hemşirelerin afet ve acil durumlara hazıroluşlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bir Şehir Hastanesi Acil Servisinde çalışan 140 sağlık çalışanına ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak tanıtıcı özellikleri içeren demografik form, Sağlık Personeli Afet ve Acil Durumlara Hazırlıklı Olma Durum anket formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi IBM SPSS Statistics 23 programında uygun istatistiksel yöntemler ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçek toplam ve alt boyut puanları için iki grup karşılaştırmalarında Independent Sample T Test ikiden fazla grup karşılaştırmalarında ise Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) analizi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin dağılımı normal dağılım göstermediğinde bağımsız değişkenlere ait grupların karşılaştırmasında iki grup için Mann Whitney U testi kullanılırken, üç grup veya daha üstü durumlarda Kruskal Wallis testi kullanılmıştır.
  Yapılan araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre Sağlık Bakanlığına bağlı Bir Şehir Hastanesi acil servisinde çalışan hekim ve hemşirelerinin afet ve acil durumlara hazırlık puanı ortalaması 50.95±12.79 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Afet ve acil durumlara hazırlıkları orta düzey olarak saptanmıştır. Afet ve acil durumlara hazıroluşluklarında eğitim düzeyinin, medeni durumun, meslekte çalışma yılının anlamlı bir farklılık oluşturmadığı saptanmıştır. Cinsiyetin, meslek grubunun, afet ile ilgili eğitim alma, afet tatbikatına katılma ve daha önce afete maruz kalma durumlarının hazıroluş durumunda anlamlı bir farklılık oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Performance management is a cornerstone of organizational success, traditionally involving periodic reviews, performance appraisals, and goal-setting processes. However, these systems often suffer from inefficiencies, subjectivity, and delayed feedback. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to address these issues by automating data collection, providing real-time insights, and enabling | 115 continuous feedback loops. Across various sectors, AIpowered performance management systems have transformed how organizations evaluate, develop, and support their employees. Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming organizational processes across various sectors, and the public sector is no exception. This paper explores the potential of AI in enhancing performance management systems within public sector organizations, focusing on the opportunities, challenges, and future directions of AI implementation. The discussion delves into AI-driven tools such as predictive analytics, machine learning, and natural language processing, emphasizing their impact on performance evaluation, continuous feedback mechanisms, employee development, and decision-making. The paper also addresses the ethical and operational challenges that come with AI adoption, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the readiness of public institutions to integrate these technologies. In this vein, recommendations for effective AI integration into public sector performance management are proposed, underlining the need for clear governance frameworks, ethical considerations, and strategic alignment with organizational goals. | 116 116 Finally, this paper examines real-world case studies of AI implementation in performance management, analyzing its benefits, challenges, and the lessons learned from diverse applications. By comparing examples from the technology, public, and healthcare sectors, this article provides a comprehensive overview of how AI can be effectively utilized in performance management while addressing ethical concerns.

The widespread adoption of digital systems in India’s healthcare sector, including Hospital Information Management
Systems (HIMS) and Electronic Health Records (EHRs), has revolutionized patient care delivery. Despite these advancements,
safeguarding the privacy and security of sensitive patient information has become a significant challenge. Front office staff,
often the initial point of contact for patients and key users of HIS, play a critical role in implementing digital health security
measures.

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) has given rise to conversational
AI solutions known as chatbots. This project aims to explore and develop a chatbot using the OpenAI API. The chatbot is
designed to offer users an interactive, responsive, and context-aware conversation experience. This report presents a detailed
overview of the development process, design considerations, implementation, evaluation, and potential improvements. Chatbots
have gained prominence for improving online interactions and information retrieval.

Hospital Based Health Technology Assessment (HB-HTA) is a new policy implemented in Poland to allow for a more practical and contextualized assessment related to the use of specific medical procedures, devices, or equipment. It requires changes in governance relating to the healthcare sector. One of the forms of governance improvement is to involve society in the process of creating public services. This can be implemented, e.g., by applying the pragmatic model of public responsiveness. The aim of this research was to identify and analyze forces which will shape a dynamic process in determining the implementation of HB-HTA. The results obtained in the Gioia analysis led to the identification of the main forces driving and restraining the implementation of HB-HTA. The grouping and interpretation allowed for the twelve most important dimensions to be distinguished, which were recognized as conceptual categories necessary to build theories that describe the studied phenomenon. This stu...

Background Equity in health has become an important policy agenda around the world, prompting health economists to advance methods to enable the inclusion of equity in economic evaluations. Among the methods that have been proposed to explicitly include equity are the weighting analysis, equity impact analysis, and equity trade-off analysis. This is a new development and a comprehensive overview of trends and concepts of health equity in economic evaluations is lacking. Thus, our objective is to map the current state of the literature with respect to how health equity is considered in economic evaluations of health interventions reported in the academic and gray literature. Methods We will conduct a scoping review to identify and map evidence on how health equity is considered in economic evaluations of health interventions. We will search relevant electronic, gray literature and key journals. We developed a search strategy using text words and Medical Subject Headings terms related...

As a critical component of thriving administrative culture and management, I find the need to improve workplace outcomes by better understanding factors that influence worker demographics and employment characteristics influenced by private health insurance. As such, I conducted this quantitative longitudinal, panel survey analysis
on Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) variables. Fixed effects regression is employed to analyze the factors among the two predictors and one outcome variable. The interactions among the thirteen variables tested and mediation from private health insurance are examined and substantiated via a series of Sobel tests. Results showed that independent variables of employment characteristics and private health insurance influenced the likelihood of sickness absenteeism and productivity. Additionally, results showed that private health insurance partially mediates the influence of the independent variables on the outcomes. These findings suggest that businesses and policymakers ought to ensure health insurance coverage for all workers.
Keywords: Employment Characteristics, Fixed Effects, Health Insurance,
Sickness Absenteeism, Survey of Income and Program Participation, Productivity,
Worker Demographics, Workplace Outcomes

The Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) represents a pivotal force in American politics, advocating for transformative policies addressing systemic racial and economic inequalities. Since its founding in 1973 by 13 African (Soulaani) members of Congress, the CBC positioned itself as the “ conscience of Congress”, emphasizing legislative reforms that confront entrenched disparities in healthcare, housing, and labor. This study examines how the CBC integrates socialist principles into its legislative agenda, seeking wealth redistribution, critical race consciousness, and pragmatic institutional strategies.

Sustainability has been one of the contemporary themes due to many reasons. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted sustainability in a broader sense. This had a major impact on the way people consume. Green purchasing being one such marketing activity, which involves buying products designed to have minimal environmental impact, is becoming increasingly significant as global awareness of environmental sustainability grows. Therefore, this study aimed to review related literature in purchase intentions toward green products specially focusing on university students which can firmly address the above contemporary environmental impact. Accordingly, the recent literature was comprehensively reviewed following the respective definitions for green products, green customers, and purchase intentions toward green products. This study also reviewed several theories and models related to purchase intentions. Then, the review identified five factors affecting purchase intentions as many authors suggested. They were environmental attitudes, product attributes, social influence, personal experience, and environmental knowledge. The literature provided evidence for the existence of the relationships between those factors and purchase intentions hence; the necessary hypotheses were derived accordingly. This review also revealed several other factors affecting the purchase intentions toward green products.

The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine frontline healthcare nursing personnel’s lived experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19 in greater New York City metropolitan area hospitals during the novel coronavirus pandemic, focusing on the perceptions and management of their emotional and mental well-being. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was the approach chosen to explore the experiences of eight registered nurses and nurse practitioners through in-depth interviewing. The study found the following themes: 1. Caring for COVID-19 patients primarily resulted in feelings of (a.) fear and anxiety (b.) anger and frustration and (c.) sadness, depression, and grief. 2. Social support and mental health professionals were common strategies in managing most nursing personnel’s emotional and mental well-being. Since research is limited regarding U.S. healthcare workers’ emotional and mental impact while caring for COVID-19 patients, further research is warranted.

GREENBOOK to pierwszy w Polsce podręcznik dedykowany raportowaniu ESG dla szpitali. Publikacja wspiera placówki medyczne w zrównoważonej transformacji, oferując praktyczne narzędzia do implementacji zasad ochrony środowiska, odpowiedzialności społecznej i ładu korporacyjnego. To nieocenione wsparcie dla szpitali w spełnianiu wymogów ESG, redukcji śladu węglowego oraz budowaniu relacji społecznych.

Social movements represent an unconventional form of doing politics, usually involving groups of people that lack institutional access and can only mobilize their grievances and demands extra-institutionally. Broadly, they are defined as “networks of informal interactions between a plurality of individuals, groups and/or organizations, engaged in political or cultural conflicts, on the basis of shared collective identities” (Diani, 1992: 1). Social movements are important carriers of social, political and/or cultural change. They are constitutive of democratic regimes and pluralistic societies. Some scholars go as far as to suggest our gradual transition to “movement societies” (Meyer and Tarrow, 1989; Rucht and Neidhardt, 2002; Melucci, 1996), where they advance as central to the conventional repertoire of political participation or operate as “watchdogs” of democracy in the post-democratic landscape (Crouch, 2004). As such, social movements are believed to be perpetual in modern democratic life, they are more diverse and cover broader constituencies and issues than ever before. This chapter aims to briefly present the main theorizations concerning social movements, situate their historical evolution and trace them back to particular patterns of mobilization. In so doing, it provides an overview of some key concepts in social movement analysis that relevant scholarship regards as central ingredients of collective action. Last, this chapter will introduce the relatively new category of Health Social Movements and will provide examples to showcase those concepts as well as highlight the relevance of such movements in the historical constitution of the healthcare arena.

Introduction: Poor quality service provision by midwives can prevent women from coming to the hospital to seek care, leading to complications which later cause deaths, increasing the maternal mortality rate. Aim: The study aimed to assess factors affecting provision of quality midwifery care service at Women and NewBorn Hospital (WNBH) in Lusaka District of Zambia. Methodology: A crosssectional quantitative research design was used. Data were collected from 385 women and 185 midwives from the various health units using a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to test statistical significance between the independent and dependent variables. Results: All participants concurred that midwives did not provide quality midwifery service according to the standards and demonstrated a positive attitude towards quality service provision by midwives. Most of the women (203, 52.7%) categorized midwives' workload as high while a great number of midwives (99, 53.8) considered it as moderate. On knowledge level, the majority of women (283, 75.1) had low knowledge levels and 228 (59.2%) had never heard of quality midwifery care, contrasting with findings from midwives which showed that the majority (125, 67.9) had high knowledge and 179 (97.3%) had heard about quality midwifery care. There was a statistical significance between age (P-value 0.001), workload (P=0.000), knowledge levels (P=0.001) and women's perception on the midwives' ability to provide quality midwifery care service. Conclusion: The quality midwifery care services from the perspective of both women and midwives was generally seen to be poor. Poor knowledge on midwifery service quality and increased workload of midwives adversely affected women's perception of the quality of care received from midwives. Health facility management should educate the public on quality care in order for women to better understand their care quality needs and expectations.

1. Course Information
- Name: Digital Literacy (Literasi Digital)
- Program: Bachelor of Health Administration at STIKES Bethesda Tomohon
- Credits: 2 theory credits
- Core Competency: Ability to influence decision-making based on digital literacy

2. Learning Methods & Resources
- Group discussions
- Structured debate format
- Supported by:
  - Reference books

3. Assessment Framework
- Focus on: Argumentation skills and Decision-making abilities based on health literacy
- Evaluation through debate and class discussion performance

4. Digital Literacy Components (Main focus areas):
  - Impact of digital literacy on health-related decision-making
  - Case studies and examples of digital literacy-based decisions
  - Application in healthcare settings

5. Structured Debate Format (Detailed)
The debate is structured around the question: "Should Digital Literacy Be a Priority in Improving Health Decision-Making at the ADMINKES Hospital?"

The debate follows a systematic format:
- Opening by moderator
- Main arguments presentation (5 minutes each side)
- Rebuttal sessions (3 minutes each)
- Moderator-led Q&A
- Closing statements (3 minutes each)
- Final moderation and evaluation

The debate format is designed to explore both the benefits of digital literacy in healthcare (such as telemedicine and improved decision-making) and potential challenges (like technology dependence and accessibility issues for vulnerable patients).

This comprehensive structure shows that the course is designed to develop students' critical thinking and argumentation skills while exploring the crucial role of digital literacy in modern healthcare administration.

Performance evaluation is one of the effective tools that helps the administration in achieving its goals
in the efficient, effective and economic exploitation of available resources, which are the mainstay of the economic
unit due to the relative scarcity of these resources to follow up on the responsibility of the monetary unit towards
the relevant parties. Therefore, the scope of the evaluation has expanded to include all aspects of activity to evaluate
the activity of administration at its various levels and agencies, as well as the organizational formations and its
employees in terms of effectiveness in achieving the set goals, efficiency in implementing plans and programs, and
economy in using available resources. The topic of performance evaluation has become one of the important topics
not only at the level of economic units but also at the level of the national economy as a whole. The study addressed
this aspect. The theoretical concept and definition of performance evaluation carried out by the auditor and the
basic requirements for performance evaluation, while the practical aspect included evaluating the performance of
the Diwaniyah Health Department, presenting the most prominent results, and concluding the research with
conclusions for the most prominent points reached by the study and the necessary recommendations for that

This research project aims to explore the benefits of online medical records in enhancing patient care. Electronic medical records (EMR) are important to implement because they reduce doctors' workload, costs, and errors. With Electronic Medical Records, Doctors and health workers also benefit from easy access to patient information which helps improve patient safety and clinical decision-making such as diagnoses, allergic reactions, and drug duplication. EMR benefits patients because of efficiency in the health care process.
The study will delve into the advantages of digitizing medical records, including improved accessibility, accuracy, efficiency, and patient engagement. By examining existing literature and case studies, this research seeks to provide insights into the transformative potential of online medical records in revolutionizing healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.

In an era of rapid advancements, "Healthcare Management" explores the transformative journey of modern healthcare. This book covers a broad spectrum of topics, from the evolution of healthcare systems around the world and the epidemiological perspectives of healthcare management to the intricate aspects of health policy, planning, and economics.

The book examines emerging trends in healthcare needs assessment, public-private partnerships, and evidence-based medicine, offering critical insights into modern management practices. Healthcare reforms are discussed with a focus on professional regulation, law and ethics.

Gain insights into the latest scientific discoveries and research methodologies that are pushing the boundaries of what is possible in healthcare. Learn about the collaborative efforts that are accelerating medical breakthroughs and translating research into practice. Anticipate the future of healthcare with expert analyses on the integration of artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, telehealth, medical ethics, health services accreditation, organ transplant and patient-centered care models.

"Healthcare Management" is an essential resource for healthcare professionals, administrators, academic administrators, teachers and students who are keen to stay ahead in a rapidly changing field. It provides the knowledge and tools to navigate the complexities of modern healthcare and drive meaningful improvements in patient care and system management, ultimately guiding readers towards establishing world-class healthcare systems and universities.

The Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) Inter-Plan Programs that comprise BlueCard, National Accounts, and the Federal Employee Program (FEP) are significant to broaden the healthcare benefits for all members by offering consistent and supreme features. With the help of these programs, it is possible to access a wide range of services in the healthcare industry both on a country level and across the world. Though these benefits are available for all members, people who travel frequently find these pros appealing. In addition, members who are shifting from burn to another place gain more benefits from these offerings. Furthermore, EDI 837 transactions enhance smooth submissions by offering an effective exchange of information across all related elements of BCBS. This rapid exchange of information among coordinators enhances the functionality of the system by real-time collaboration which increases the level of satisfaction among all members. This further reduces the possible delays as well as the probability of mistakes. Unlike their competitors including CVS Health as well as Aetna, BCBS features offer a wide range of appealing prospects making it an ideal choice for those looking for inclusive healthcare insurance. BCBS Inter-Plan Programs' requisite assortment of effective and robust care plus inclusive accessibility tend to bring diversity in healthcare outcomes throughout the BCBS system.

Οι κοινωνικές υπηρεσίες είναι οι κρίσιμες εκείνες επιλογές του κράτους πρόνοιας που
επηρεάζουν τη ζωή του ανθρώπου. Τις εν λόγω υπηρεσίες στελεχώνει ανθρώπινο δυναμικό το
οποίο καλείται να εφαρμόσει πολιτικές, στρατηγικές και προγράμματα για την προστασία και
απόλαυση των ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων ευπαθών ομάδων πληθυσμού. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό η
παρούσα εργασία αναδεικνύει την αξία της δια βίου μάθησης στην ανάπτυξη του ανθρώπινου
δυναμικού κοινωνικών υπηρεσιών και προτείνει τους πυλώνες ενός επιμορφωτικού προγράμματος
στα ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα ως εργαλείο εργασιακής ενδυνάμωσης & παροχής ποιοτικών
υπηρεσιών.

Digital transformation has reached out to every aspect of human lives, including personal and institutional provided healthcare. In order to inspect changes occurring in the healthcare domain due to digital transformation, a literature review is conducted. A systematic literature search in the Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science database was carried out, along with the text mining in order to analyze the papers. The following attributes are considered for the classification and analysis of the papers: time component; methodological approach; research areas, and; topic identification. Results revealed that the digital transformation of healthcare has just recently begun to induce more interest in the research community. Furthermore, a mixture of scholars' profiles investigates the topic, including engineering and information scientists, as well as medical and healthcare service researchers. Additionally, by using text mining, we have identified four discourses of topics that are addressed in the literature when considering the digital transformation of healthcare. The interdisciplinary nature of the topic calls for the inclusion of diverse experts from the medical, informatics and public administration areas in order to advise proper government actions and stimulate the research field.

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have found applications across various arenas, and Evidence-Based Management (EBMgt) is no exception. However, in this context, the careful assessment of AI outcomes becomes essential to confirm their credibility and ensure adherence to ethical standards. Mirroring recent similar explorations in the literature, this study introduced the "AERUS" tool, designed to evaluate AI trustworthiness in healthcare administration, focusing on five key areas: Accuracy, Efficiency, Reliability, Usability, and Security. The AERUS instrument evaluated AI's reliability in healthcare administration. It underwent minor revisions after an initial test with thirty healthcare administrators and internal consistency confirmation via Cronbach's alpha. The final version was tested on four AI models (ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4, Microsoft Bing, Google Bard) over six managerial topics, with evaluation by two raters using Cohen's kappa. The refined AERUS tool assessed five areas: AI accuracy in management data, operational efficiency impact, decisionmaking reliability, user-friendliness for managers, and security protocol adherence. Initial testing with ten healthcare management statements showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of .911). Among six assessments, Microsoft Bing scored highest (mean 22.93, SD 1.11), followed by ChatGPT-4 (mean 22.00, SD 1.21), ChatGPT-3.5 (mean 20.00, SD 1.21), and Google Bard (mean 19.60, SD 1.22). Inter-rater agreement resulted in Cohen's kappa values ranging from 0.358 to 0.885 for the AI models. Conclusions and Recommendations: AERUS presents a supporting instrument for addressing AI credibility concerns in EBMgt, with recommendations for further research and widespread implementation to ensure the trustworthiness and reliability of AI in professional managerial decision-making.

Background: With the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) across the globe, telehealth offers great potential for the management of rehabilitation and primary prevention. Lifestyle changes are also known to contribute to primary and secondary prevention strongly.

Healthcare systems generate a huge data collected from medical tests. Data mining is the computing process of discovering patterns in large data sets such as medical examinations. Blood diseases are not an exception; there are many test data can be collected from their patients. In this paper, we applied data mining techniques to discover the relations between blood test characteristics and blood tumor in order to predict the disease in an early stage, which can be used to enhance the curing ability. We conducted experiments in our blood test dataset using three different data mining techniques which are association rules, rule induction and deep learning. The goal of our experiments is to generate models that can distinguish patients with normal blood disease from patients who have blood tumor. We evaluated our results using different metrics applied on real data collected from Gaza European hospital in Palestine. The final results showed that association rules could give us the relationship between blood test characteristics and blood tumor. Also, it demonstrated that deep learning classifiers has the best ability to predict tumor types of blood diseases with an accuracy of 79.45%. Also, rule induction gave us an explanation of rules that describes both tumor in blood and normal hematology.

This descriptive study was carried out with the aim of determining the relationship between nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care and their attitudes towards the nursing profession. This descriptive study was conducted between 05.11.2015-05.06.2016 with nurses working in health institutions in the center and districts of Hakkari. The population of the research consisted of 295 nurses. The sample of the study consisted of 213 nurses who agreed to participate in the research. "Personal Information Form", "Attitude Scale Towards the Nursing Profession (ASNP)" and "Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS)" were used to collect data. As a result of the data analysis, it was determined that the average score of the ASNP was 153.78 ± 20.48 and the mean score of the SSCRS total score was 62.52 ± 7.13. In the study, all of the correlations between the total scores of the ASNP and SSCRS were statistically significant in the right direction (r = 321, p <0.001). According to the results of the study, if the nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care are positively high, their attitudes towards the nursing profession also increase positively. For this reason, it is suggested to conduct different and large sampling studies that emphasize the importance of spirituality and spiritual care perception in terms of professional attitude and to examine various factors that may affect the attitude toward the profession.

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have found applications across various arenas, and Evidence-Based Management (EBMgt) is no exception. However, in this context, the careful assessment of AI outcomes becomes essential to confirm their credibility and ensure adherence to ethical standards. Mirroring recent similar explorations in the literature, this study introduced the "AERUS" tool, designed to evaluate AI trustworthiness in healthcare administration, focusing on five key areas: Accuracy, Efficiency, Reliability, Usability, and Security. The AERUS instrument evaluated AI's reliability in healthcare administration. It underwent minor revisions after an initial test with thirty healthcare administrators and internal consistency confirmation via Cronbach's alpha. The final version was tested on four AI models (ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4, Microsoft Bing, Google Bard) over six managerial topics, with evaluation by two raters using Cohen's kappa. The refined AERUS tool assessed five areas: AI accuracy in management data, operational efficiency impact, decisionmaking reliability, user-friendliness for managers, and security protocol adherence. Initial testing with ten healthcare management statements showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of .911). Among six assessments, Microsoft Bing scored highest (mean 22.93, SD 1.11), followed by ChatGPT-4 (mean 22.00, SD 1.21), ChatGPT-3.5 (mean 20.00, SD 1.21), and Google Bard (mean 19.60, SD 1.22). Inter-rater agreement resulted in Cohen's kappa values ranging from 0.358 to 0.885 for the AI models. Conclusions and Recommendations: AERUS presents a supporting instrument for addressing AI credibility concerns in EBMgt, with recommendations for further research and widespread implementation to ensure the trustworthiness and reliability of AI in professional managerial decision-making.

This paper presents the results of the experimental study for the un-heated and fire damaged reinforced concrete square columns confined with a single layer of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) jacket. A total of four un-heated reinforced concrete square columns, two unconfined control specimens and two CFRP confined square columns were tested under axial compression. The experimental data of the four fire damaged reinforced concrete square columns, two unconfined fire damaged control specimens and two CFRP confined fire damaged square columns tested under axial compression were selected from the already published research study. The results of the experimental tested data of un-heated reinforced concrete square columns were compared with the published data of the fire damaged reinforced concrete square columns in terms of confined compressive strength and the gain in axial load bearing capacity. The results showed that a single layer of CFRP jacket is more effective for enhanc...

In the state of Haryana, Mewat is a newly created district made on April 4, 2005 by carving out parts of Gurgaon. In April 2018, NITI Aayog report identified Mewat, as the most backward district of India. The newly constituted Mewat district consists of four tehsils— Punahana, Nuh, Taoru and Ferozepur Jhirka. The district Mewat lies very near to the National capital Delhi, but regardless of its proximity to India’s capital, Mewat region has not much developed. As around 90% of the population in this region still lives in rural area. The worst sufferers of Mewat are the women living in rural areas There is a huge gender gap in literacy rate with female literacy rate of 36.6 % and low enrolment of female in Schools. Women are mostly spending large time in fetching water and collecting wood for fuel. Mewat also lags behind when it comes to institutional deliveries as about 85 percent of the total births still take place in homes, whereas, the state’s average for home delivery is 52.7%. Only 14.8 %of Mewat’s women went for institutional delivery, the corresponding figure for the state is 46.8 %. Lack of institutional delivery mechanisms increases the risk of maternal and infant mortality. This research paper analyses the plight of women in one of the most backward region of India and suggests strategies for reinvigorating female literacy and healthcare in rural areas.

Under modern conditions of globalization nowadays, economic activity is undergoing changes. Innovative technologies, new forms of business, dynamic changes taking place in the world today result in the emergence of the necessity to minimize risks in order to maximize benefits. The cooperation between experts from different fields with the aim to ensure sustainable growth – policymakers, scientists, universities representatives and business elites is essential nowadays. With the purpose to bring them together and discuss the main issues of todays’ global world this conference took place in Ternopil, Ukraine. As Ukraine is now passing through a dynamic period of changes, recommendations coming up from such discussions can be very beneficial for building stronger society and meet the risks globalization brings up. This monograph provides a useful review of economic, financial and policy issues in the context of globalization processes and has proven extremely popular with practitioners...

Prediction of patient flow, an essential element of any healthcare system, is challenging due to uncertainties in patient volume. One such source of uncertainty is a propagated outbreak of epidemic diseases as they spread through networks of human populations. Till date, no study exists that studied the effect of social network structure on patient flow. In this study, we aim to examine the relationship between patient flow in a social network and the corresponding network characteristics. For this purpose, we developed a simulation model in which an epidemic spreads through a social network and then the generated patients are directed to a healthcare system. To quantify the patient flow, we considered the conditional expected value of the length of stay (LoS) as our performance measure. The network characteristics considered were average distance, closeness centralization, betweenness centralization, and eigenvector centralization. Results from this study indicate that the patient flow has a direct relationship with closeness centralization and an inverse relationship with average distance. Betweenness and eigenvector centralization did not provide any meaningful information in patient flow prediction. Overall, patient flow is more sensitive to average distance. This work helps healthcare planners and decision makers in better prediction of the patient flow during a propagated outbreak of an epidemic.

Modernization of Medicare (CMS) leveraging Microsoft Technologies The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has undergone significant transformations in the 21 st century. Presently, CMS is moving towards modernizing its processes

Breves hechos históricos que clarifican la presentación • Rumania ahora comprende cuatro provincias históricas prominentes: Transilvania, Valaquia, Moldavia y Dobroudja. Transilvania está situada en la región centro-occidental del país y está rodeada por los Cárpatos al sur y al este. Moldavia, que ahora está dividida entre Rumania y la República de Moldavia, incluía el área entre los Cárpatos y el río Dniéster. Valaquia, por otro lado, estaba situada entre el río Danubio al sur y los Cárpatos al norte. Doubroudja es una región que limita al oeste y al norte con el río Danubio y al este con el Mar Negro. En 1600, Valaquia, Moldavia y Transilvania (como se muestra en la Imagen 1) se unificaron temporalmente bajo el gobierno de Mihai Viteazul, también conocido como Miguel el Valiente, que era el Príncipe de Valaquia. El período de unidad llegó a su fin al cabo de un año, cuando Miguel el Valiente fue derrotado por las tropas combinadas de turcos y Habsburgo. Transilvania cayó bajo el dominio de los Habsburgo, mientras que Valaquia y Moldavia permanecieron bajo la soberanía turca.

Background: Treatment variations have been considered as a sign of an inappropriate healthcare service whether due to the underuse or the overuse of resources. To reduce these variations, establishing and implementing well-developed standardized operating procedures (SOPs) and evidence-based standardized clinical guidelines is required. A rehabilitation unit for children with disabilities in Makassar did not implement any SOPs or standardized clinical guidelines in their service and treatment. This conduct may have an adverse effect on physiotherapists' professionalism. Aims: The study aimed to explore the possible impact of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) practice with no SOPs and evidence-based standardized clinical guidelines on the physiotherapists. Method: This study was a qualitative case study. The CBR unit was observed for 278-hours and the study conducted three semistructured interviews. Three physiotherapists voluntarily participated in the study. Open, axial, and selective coding were conducted to encode the interview findings. The findings from observation encoded interview, field, and self-reflective notes were triangulated, analyzed thematically, and illustrated by the explorative model. Results: Working with no SOPs and guidelines was associated with variations in procedures by physiotherapists, irregularity in their treatment choices, liability feeling toward errors making, and Low self-confidence in their professionalism. Conclusion: Working without SOPs and guidelines was associated with psychological exertion of the physiotherapists. They showed uncertainty in their professional capabilities as a physiotherapist. It is recommended for YPAC Makassar city to develop SOPs and evidence-based standardized clinical guidelines for their organization.