Halal Integrity

The project of this bachelor thesis was carried out at the certification body Halal Quality Control (HQC) Germany, a leading Halal certification body for products and services. The author of this thesis is himself a Halal auditor at HQC Germany. The aim was to show, in the context of his work as an auditor, what the requirements of a Halal food certification and an associated Halal audit are, based on a case study. For this purpose, he took part in a pre-audit as well as in an initial certification audit.
The author felt that the topic was important because the issue of halal is interpreted very differently in practice, depending on whether it is a producer or consumer. Likewise, the importance of elaborating the topic was based on the fact that the halal food industry is globally growing in importance for both producers and distributors, as well as for consumers. So, the elaboration was cut off for interested consumers for Halal to the interested producers in the economic sector.
Within the framework of this thesis, the theoretical part was literary, while the main part or the practical part was about the certification and audit based on the practical findings.
In the theoretical part, the following relevant findings emerged:
- The market of Halal is the fastest growing market in the world, led especially by strong non-Muslim countries and their producers.
- For producers and consumers, Halal does not only concern Halal meat in particular, but also many other food sectors.
In the practical part, the following results became clear:
- The institutions that develop and prescribe halal standards worldwide are certain professional accreditation bodies consisting of experts in all relevant fields. These standards are subject to the standards of the International Organization of Standardization (ISO), GCC Standardization Organization (GSO), United Arabic Emirates (UAE) and others.
- The resulting certification standards are specified for the Halal certification institutes. Accordingly, auditing and certification is carried out in accordance with the Halal-guidelines of the result of these experts.
- From these results the work corresponding to the standards in the context of an audit and a certification, from the preliminary work by examination of relevant documents up to the certification.

The image of the Halal food industry has been tarnished due to increasing number of fraudulent Halal certification and physical contamination of Halal food products. Halal food consumers are now starting to question the authenticity and integrity of the Halal foods that they consumed especially that came from the non-Muslim majority countries. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a literature review on Halal food supply chain management and issues pertaining to Halal integrity, taking into account academic and industry publications published in the last ten years. This paper will also provide the conceptual framework on the study regarding factors affecting Halal food supply chain integrity such as traceability, asset specificity, quality assurance and trust and commitment.

The Internal Halal Control Systems (IHCS) has been gazetted to complement the Malaysian's Halal certification scheme as parts of a Halal internal controls mechanism. Internal Halal Control Systems provides a certain degree of control over Halal production, comprising raw material control and material traceability. Its adoption is far less complicated than the Halal Assurance Systems (HAS) program, as it is intended for micro-scale and small-scale enterprises. When dealing with a quality-based system, the internal system's review is essential in ensuring that the system runs according to the anticipated objectives at the highest efficiency level possible. In the HAS program, a Management Reviews and Halal Internal Audit (HIA) are included as part of the requirements that precisely assessed the efficiency of the internal control mechanism. Unfortunately, this kind of self-assessment lacks in the Internal Halal Control Systems program. This will eventually affect the Internal Halal Control Systems, as there are no preset evaluation programs readily available to monitor the Internal Halal Control Systems program's implementation. A simple assessment and evaluation of the systems should be set to facilitate the running of the said systems.

Weakness of information presented on the food packaging of specific food product usually lead to confusion and redundant unsold goods stacked-up in the shopping market. Barcode, labels and ingredients information by far is not adequate to authenticate the validity of the information claimed by the manufacturer or food producer. This long-established approach fail to inform and no longer fitting in this cyber world. This study aimed to understand the Malaysian users' perception on implementing a realtime tool to feed users with genuine and validated information to assist user-buying process. Besides, this study will also help to identify the market opportunity to deploy such technology to the Malaysia users. A qualitative approach was chosen to gather data from the users around Klang Valley and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A survey form consisting of 32 questions were distributed to 50 identified users were respondents varies from Halal and non-Halal users. Graphs and tables are presented to depict the findings of users' perception on the RFID tag for Halal Tracking in Malaysia. The results show 48% of the users agreed that a real-time system is required for the information dissemination. However, sadly only 34% knows what RFID is and what RFID can do in developing a real-time system for Halal tracking. This result show clear opportunity to introduce new tools, nevertheless solid awareness activities are required to ensure the success of the new system.

This paper solely focuses on the two Brunei halal meat slaughterhouses and offers suggestions on how these findings can translate into considerations for the halal industry in Brunei. In Islamic law, dhabīḥah is the prescribed method of ritual slaughter of all lawful halal animals. This method of slaughtering lawful animals has several conditions to be fulfilled. This method requires proper training and mindset in order to be carried out correctly. This research is explorative using qualitative primary data collection through the use of interviews. The participants comprise slaughterhouse employees using a purposive sampling method. The intent is that this research adds to the body of literature seeking to understand the complexities of training and motivation in meat slaughterhouses and offer insight on the complexities between training, motivation, and performance. It also identifies how differences in organisational structure can impact the approach to the training and employee motivation approaches.

Halal adalah satu tema yang sangat luas dibincangkan pada masa kini. Kupasannya meliputi aspek makanan dan bukan makanan. Begitu juga, halal dibincangkan berkaitan aspek perundangan, transaksi kewangan dan perkembangan sains teknologi. Berasaskan perkembangan sains dan teknologi, pelbagai produk halal banyak dihasilkan seperti berasaskan bioteknologi, teknologi rekombinan, sintetik dan kejuruteraan genetik. Sungguhpun demikian, penghasilan produk tersebut menimbulkan keraguan apabila sebilangan penghasilannya didapati tidak memenuhi kehendak syariah yang sebenar. Walaupun pada dasarnya penghasilan tersebut memberikan banyak kebaikan dan lebih ekonomi, ia tetap dianggap sebagai haram dalam Islam kerana sumbernya yang tidak dibenarkan. Penerbitan buku Isu Halal Kontemporari ini adalah bertujuan mengenengahkan isu berkaitan dengan penghasilan produk halal semasa di samping dapat dijadikan alternatif penyelesaian kepada permasalahan yang timbul. Usaha penerbitan ini sangat memberi manfa...

‘Halal’, an Arabic word from the Muslim holy book of the Qur’an, can be translated simply as meaning permissible, according to the teachings of Islam. However, the call to certify products and practices formally, and subsequently then label them has given rise to a new cultural phenomenon. Demands to carry overt labels and messages; and expectations as to what Halal is and should be are on the increase inside and outside of Muslim geographies across the globe. For economic and technological reasons, this is also transferring the domain of halal more and more to a vanguard of businesses; as opposed to being just a religious imperative driven by the clergy.  Furthermore, the current landscape of the halal industry has arrived at a crossroads: where debates consider whether halal offers opportunities for product and brand extensions, rendering it as a niche marketing approach; or if in fact it presents the opportunity to create a new business paradigm. This article offers practitioners and academics an overview and insight into an industry that has been assessed as having a worldwide value of USD $2.3 trillion.

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Weakness of information presented on the food packaging of specific food product usually lead to confusion and redundant unsold goods stacked-up in the shopping market. Barcode, labels and ingredients information by far is not adequate to authenticate the validity of the information claimed by the manufacturer or food producer. This long-established approach fail to inform and no longer fitting in this cyber world. This study aimed to understand the Malaysian users' perception on implementing a realtime tool to feed users with genuine and validated information to assist user-buying process. Besides, this study will also help to identify the market opportunity to deploy such technology to the Malaysia users. A qualitative approach was chosen to gather data from the users around Klang Valley and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A survey form consisting of 32 questions were distributed to 50 identified users were respondents varies from Halal and non-Halal users. Graphs and tables are presented to depict the findings of users' perception on the RFID tag for Halal Tracking in Malaysia. The results show 48% of the users agreed that a real-time system is required for the information dissemination. However, sadly only 34% knows what RFID is and what RFID can do in developing a real-time system for Halal tracking. This result show clear opportunity to introduce new tools, nevertheless solid awareness activities are required to ensure the success of the new system.

Keperluan kepada transformasi hukum Islam semasa telah berada pada tahap yang mendesak untuk menangani isu terkini terutama di era kemajuan sains dan teknologi. Transformasi ini bukan bermaksud meminggirkan sumber penentuan hukum sedia ada yang disepakati seperti al-Quran, al-Sunnah, al-Ijma dan al-Qiyas malah mengambilkira juga sumber tidak disepakati seperti Uruf, maslahah, istishab dan sumber alternatif seperti Istihalah, istihlak dan istibra'. Buku ini merupakan garapan daripada penulisan disertasi sarjana yang meliputi konsep, pandangan sarjana hukum Islam, struktur dan pembahagian Istihalah. Buku ini dapat menyumbang kepada pengukuhan pendekatan alternatif dalam penentuan hukum Islam berserta contoh yang praktis. Ia berguna kepada mereka yang ingin mengetahui sumber hukum alternatif terutamanya para penyelidik hukum Islam dan mereka yang terlibat dalam industri halal.

Halal adalah satu tema yang sangat luas dibincangkan pada masa kini. Kupasannya meliputi aspek makanan dan bukan makanan. Begitu juga, halal dibincangkan berkaitan aspek perundangan, transaksi kewangan dan perkembangan sains teknologi. Berasaskan perkembangan sains teknologi, pelbagai produk halal banyak dihasilkan seperti berasaskan bioteknologi, teknologi rekombinan, sintetik dan kejuruteraan genetik. Sungguhpun demikian, penghasilan produk tersebut menimbulkan keraguan apabila sebilangan penghasilannya didapati tidak memenuhi kehendak syariah yang sebenar. Walaupun pada dasarnya penghasilan tersebut memberikan banyak kebaikan dan lebih ekonomi, ia tetap dianggap sebagai haram dalam Islam kerana sumbernya yang tidak dibenarkan. Penerbitan buku Isu Halal Kontemporari ini adalah bertujuan mengenengahkan isu-isu berkaitan dengan penghasilan produk halal semasa disamping dapat dijadikan alternatif penyelesaian kepada permasalahan yang timbul. Usaha penerbitan ini sangat memberi manfaat dalam meningkatkan kesedaran halal dalam kalangan pengguna, pengusaha industri halal dan badan pensijilan halal dalam serta luar Negara. Selain itu, penerbitan buku ini adalah bertujuan mendidik masyarakat supaya lebih peka dan berkesedaran tinggi terhadap pemilihan produk halal yang memenuhi kehendak syarak. Halal bukan sahaja menyentuh aspek kebaikan mengambilnya malah lebih kepada tanda kepatuhan kepada syariah Allah S.W.T.