Group Dynamic

Change is a very frequent sociopsychological phenomenon, that we notice when transformations from minority to majority, high to low social status, weak to strong social position and vice versa are being conducted. Causes of change are described in literature dealing with attitudes and persuasion, group dynamics, conformity and group development. But we lack information on consequences of change. This article describes three subjects related to this problem: (i) assessment and evaluation of personal change, (ii) assessment and evaluation of social change and (iii) reactions to change-related agents in a group context. The author introduces a series of experiments based on loss-gain asymmetry . The results implicate that assessment and evaluation of change is influenced by different agents such as the direction of comparison (comparing past to present or vice versa), desirability of stability or change of attitudes, maintaining positive views about the self or the group, and gain or loss of group status or power. The change of group status leads to change in the perception of group-self similarity and group attraction, expectancies about future group interactions and group self-evaluation. Change of group status and power is a central determinant of intergroup relations.

Elaboration of individuation is one of the trends in primate evolution. Individuation makes it more difficult to maintain group coherency. Individuation as it occurs in he phylogenetic shift from the Cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys) to African pongids, especially Pan, appears to have passed a threshold with Pan reverting to smaller, less coherent groups of males and isolated females as a way to deal with increased individuation. In contrast, hominid evolution displays a pattern of group coherency and cooperative behavior that arose in conjunction with the mental construction of relations among individuals that we refer to as genealogical relations. Genealogical relations transcend the limitation of biological kinship as a basis for group coherency, but the combinatorial complexity of all possible genealogical relations becomes problematic with increase in group size. The latter was resolved, it is argued, through the construction of a computational system-a kinship terminology-whose conceptual complexity is independent of the size of a group. This shift to a conceptual/cultural foundation for group coherency changed the dynamics of societal change away from biologically grounded processes of change.

We present a study of the group purchasing behavior of daily deals in Groupon and LivingSocial and introduce a predictive dynamic model of collective attention for group buying behavior. In our model, the aggregate number of purchases at a given time comprises two types of processes: random discovery and social propagation. These processes are very clearly separated by an inflection point. Using large data sets from both Groupon and LivingSocial we show how the model is able to predict the success of group deals as a function of time. We find that Groupon deals are easier to predict accurately earlier in the deal lifecycle than LivingSocial deals due to the final number of deal purchases saturating quicker. One possible explanation for this is that the incentive to socially propagate a deal is based on an individual threshold in LivingSocial whereas it in Groupon is based on a collective threshold, which is reached very early. Furthermore, the personal benefit of propagating a deal is also greater in LivingSocial.

We present a study of the group purchasing behavior of daily deals in Groupon and LivingSocial and introduce a predictive dynamic model of collective attention for group buying behavior. In our model, the aggregate number of purchases at a given time comprises two types of processes: random discovery and social propagation. These processes are very clearly separated by an inflection point. Using large data sets from both Groupon and LivingSocial we show how the model is able to predict the success of group deals as a function of time. We find that Groupon deals are easier to predict accurately earlier in the deal lifecycle than LivingSocial deals due to the final number of deal purchases saturating quicker. One possible explanation for this is that the incentive to socially propagate a deal is based on an individual threshold in LivingSocial whereas it in Groupon is based on a collective threshold, which is reached very early. Furthermore, the personal benefit of propagating a deal is also greater in LivingSocial.

The impact of teacher discipline on student outcomes is a critical area in educational research. However, limited studies have explored how specific discipline styles affect students' problem-solving abilities, particularly in Grade Six classrooms. This study investigates the relationship between classroom discipline styles of Grade Six teachers and students' problem-solving skills in schools within District III and IV of Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental Philippines. Using a descriptive-correlational design, the study involved 34 Grade Six teachers and 170 students selected through purposive and quota sampling methods, respectively. Teachers' discipline styles were assessed using a standardized questionnaire while students' problem-solving skills were evaluated using a 50-item test comprising logical thinking and abstract reasoning sections sourced from online resources. Statistical analyses included mean calculations for identifying predominant discipline styles among teachers, revealing that Autocratic or Authoritarian styles (M = 3.63) were most frequently employed. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the Democratic Discipline style (M = 3.29) and students' problem-solving skills, suggesting that participatory classroom practices enhance student outcomes in this regard. Recommendations include promoting participatory learning environments to strengthen problem-solving skills, providing professional development for teachers in democratic classroom management, and integrating technology for collaborative learning experiences. These findings contribute to understanding the impact of teacher discipline styles on student competencies and inform strategies for fostering effective educational practices.

Evil is a well-written, engaging, and passionate book about evil in the world. It is a highly personal book in many ways. A large portion of this long book (234 out of 488 pages of text) deals directly and specifically with the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE), describing the project in detail, including Zimbardo's role as principal investigator and prison superintendent and the impact of the study on the participants, with many references to the SPE throughout the rest of the book. Zimbardo describes the way in which he was caught up in the situation he created and how he failed to stop it as its destructive effects on prisoners (and guards) The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil

Well-organised practices deliver higher-quality care. Yet there has been very little effort so far to help primary care organisations achieve higher levels of team performance and to help them identify and prioritise areas where quality improvement efforts should be concentrated. No attempt at all has been made to achieve a method which would be capable of providing comparisons--and the stimulus for further improvement--at an international level. The development of the International Family Practice Maturity Matrix took place in three phases: (1) selection and refinement of organisational dimensions; (2) development of incremental scales based on a recognised theoretical framework; and (3) testing the feasibility of the approach on an international basis, including generation of an automated web-based benchmarking system. This work has demonstrated the feasibility of developing an organisational assessment tool for primary care organisations that is sufficiently generic to cross inte...

Dalam kegiatan kelompok siswa khususnya dalam hal ini bimbingan kelompok, dibutuhkan rasa saling menyukai, saling ketergantungan dan adanya dorongan untuk bertahan dalam kelompok yang bisa kita sebut kohesivitas. Kohesivitas ini penting untuk menumbuhkan dinamika kelompok dalam mencapai tujuan. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tingkat hubungan antara kohesivitas dengan dinamika kelompok. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian ex post facto, menggunakan metode non tes dalam pengumpulan data. Alat instrumen menggunakan skala untuk mengetahui tingkat kohesivitas dan tingkat dinamika kelompok, serta didukung instrumen wawancara untuk memperdalam pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang kuat atau tinggi antara kohesivitas kelompok dengan dinamika kelompok dalam proses bimbingan kelompok pada siswa SMP Negeri 13 Semarang, dengan nilai koefesien korelasi r = 0,702, dengan tingkat signifikansi 5%.

The importance of groups in a business cannot be underestimated because working as a team is the most efficient way to find solutions to specific problem. This review paper aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the group and group dynamics in light of diverse theories from the past to the present by exploring how significant components of dynamics are entrenched in contemporary group literature. An extensive literature review was performed to examine 55 articles collected from various databases such as Web of Science and Scopus and published between 2000 and 2020. In social science, understanding group values is of particular importance because they determine what kinds of behavior are acceptable or unacceptable within the group. The study examined many constructs from past research, as well as key ideas from group-related theories. Moreover, research studies that have made significant contribution to management theories were explained with novel ideas in this paper along with fu...

Research on the special relationship between the United States and Israel has usually been focused on strategic aspects, whilst fewer scholars have focused on non-material dimensions of the relationship. In addition, the existing research is mostly confined to the political and decision-making realms, with very few excursions into the academic arena. The current article aims to fill this lacuna through the study of pro-Israel academic discourse in America, focusing on the specific case of the field of terrorism studies. Critical discourse analysis of pro-Israel academic texts in this field is carried out to reveal the discourse, themes and arguments used to build this ideational pillar of the special relationship and move towards a common identity between the US and Israel. The common ingroup identity model (CIIM) is used to describe the process through which a common identity is constructed. The article concludes that defining the Self, defining the Other, and defining the norms ar...

Learning media is an inseparable part of learning activities. In addition to being needed when delivering lessons, the media is even needed in the implementation of guidance and counseling services so that the intentions in these activities can be conveyed properly to students. The purpose of this study is to clarify the use of media that is often used to practice speaking skills, speaking chips, as a solution to develop group dynamics in group guidance and counseling services. The existence of group dynamics is one indicator of success in group guidance and counseling services. The research method used is library research, which is carried out by interpreting several data sources such as books and journals or relevant scientific articles. The result of this research is that speaking chips media can be used to encourage students to actively communicate and interact in groups so that the dynamics of group guidance and counseling services develops. In contrast to previous studies that discussed techniques and methods in group guidance and counseling services, this research focuses on developing group dynamics as an important part of group services.

Learning media is an inseparable part of learning activities. In addition to being needed when delivering lessons, the media is even needed in the implementation of guidance and counseling services so that the intentions in these activities can be conveyed properly to students. The purpose of this study is to clarify the use of media that is often used to practice speaking skills, speaking chips, as a solution to develop group dynamics in group guidance and counseling services. The existence of group dynamics is one indicator of success in group guidance and counseling services. The research method used is library research, which is carried out by interpreting several data sources such as books and journals or relevant scientific articles. The result of this research is that speaking chips media can be used to encourage students to actively communicate and interact in groups so that the dynamics of group guidance and counseling services develops. In contrast to previous studies that...

a lecturer in early childhood studies and education. He has also worked as a teacher and educational researcher between 2009 and 2013. Irene Kaimi took up a lectureship in statistics at Plymouth University in September 2011. Previously, she worked as a visiting lecturer at the University of Cyprus and as a research associate at Lancaster University where she also obtained her PhD. Her research interests include spatial and spatio-temporal methods for environmental and medical applications, time series analysis, and social statistics. George Michail is an independent educational researcher, software engineer, and a school teacher. He is currently working in a language school in the United Kingdom and as a freelance software developer. George is keen on combining teaching practice and educational research, especially in the field of educational technologies. He had previously worked as an instructor on a teachers' training program on educational technology in the Pedagogical Institute of Cyprus.

We present a search and rescue problem as a final project for an undergraduate-level Introduction to Robotics course. To successfully complete the project, a participating robot has to solve four sub-problems that are currently among the most actively researched areas in robotics: computer vision, manipulative robotics, localization, and multi-robot cooperation. By immersing the students in the details of these sub-problems, we aim to have them develop a deeper appreciation of the difficulties. In many cases, this experience also motivates the students to pursue research in those areas. We describe several example systems that use easily obtained hardware components such as LEGO pieces, the Handyboard, sonar, compass, CMUCam, and servomotors. However, each of the sub-problems is easily extendable to increase the complexity/creativity of the solution as well as accommodate for new and more powerful devices.

The dynamics of the methyl groups in the crystalline alanine dipeptide is examined over a wide range of temperatures using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the full crystal. Neutron scattering spectra are calculated from the simulations and directly compared to the experimental profiles. The N-ter and C-ter methyl groups in the molecule have low rotational barriers, i.e., ≲1 kcal/mol. They undergo rotations that are activated on time scales faster than ≊1 ns at temperatures as low as 50–100 K and are on the picosecond time scale at 150 and 300 K. At 300 K the rotational motion becomes strongly diffusive in the simulation. In contrast, the side-chain methyls possess a significant intramolecular intrinsic torsional barrier, ≊3 kcal/mol. As a result, their dynamics consists of librations and rare jumps between wells. The simulations are further analyzed to characterize in detail the motions giving rise to the calculated sca...

The aim of this study examines the group dynamics and decision-making process in the movie "12 Angry Men" through micro-level critical discourse analysis. It explores the influence of a member within the group on collective decisions and the impact of the first advocate in face-to-face group discussions. The leadership behavior of Henry, the main character of the movie, influences the group despite being in a minority position, providing a platform for discussion. By addressing different topics, Henry creates differences of opinion among the majority, thereby understanding the thinking of each member and shaping their speech. Henry's position in the group can be explained by his minority influence, as he is initially only one who doesn't comply with the majority by voting "not guilty." However, he consistently adheres to his decision, leading to a change in the group's thoughts and votes. This study provides an important example for understanding the complexity of group dynamics and communication while highlighting the role of leadership in minority influence.

Quasielastic neutron and light-scattering techniques along with molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the influence of hydration on the internal dynamics of lysozyme. We identified three major relaxation processes that contribute to the observed dynamics in the picosecond to nanosecond time range: 1), fluctuations of methyl groups; 2), fast picosecond relaxation; and 3), a slow relaxation process. A low-temperature onset of anharmonicity at T ; 100 K is ascribed to methyl-group dynamics that is not sensitive to hydration level. The increase of hydration level seems to first increase the fast relaxation process and then activate the slow relaxation process at h ; 0.2. The quasielastic scattering intensity associated with the slow process increases sharply with an increase of hydration to above h ; 0.2. Activation of the slow process is responsible for the dynamical transition at T ; 200 K. The dependence of the slow process on hydration correlates with the hydration dependence of the enzymatic activity of lysozyme, whereas the dependence of the fast process seems to correlate with the hydration dependence of hydrogen exchange of lysozyme.

Based on the institutional vs the individual view of culture and the theory of individualism-collectivism in explaining the in-group-outgoup distinction that people make in different cultures, we predicted that Chinese people would make less cooperative decisions than Australians in mixed-motive business situations in which no formal or informal sanction systems were in place. We also predicted that Chinese would be less cooperative with foreigners than with fellow Chinese when they were in a foreign territory, whereas Australians would be equally cooperative with members of both groups. Data from two crossnational experiments provided general support for these predictions. Moreover, the results of Study 2 showed that the nation effects on cooperative decision-making were mediated by individual cultural orientation on vertical and horizontal individualism. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in the context of cross-cultural business settings.

Reproductive skew theory provides a compelling explanation for the partitioning of reproduction among individuals within animal societies. One constructive criticism of the theory is that there are too many models, all of which have different assumptions and predictions, which makes it difficult to know what to test. Here we begin the process of tackling this problem, by re-examining the assumptions and predictions of basic concession and restraint models, two transactional models that are often tested as alternatives. Concession models assume that the dominant has complete control over the allocation of reproduction but may yield some of the group's reproduction to prevent the subordinate from voluntarily departing. Restraint models assume that the subordinate has complete control over the allocation of reproduction but may not claim all of the group's reproduction to prevent the dominant from forcibly evicting it. We show that the group dissolution tactics that individuals use (forcible eviction or voluntary departure) need not be an assumption of the model, but rather they can be predicted using Hamilton's rule and the standard variables of skew models. We reveal that the assumption that one individual (dominant or subordinate) has complete control over the allocation of reproduction is an idea common to both models, and we resolve this semantic difference by calling this individual 'the allocator'. We show that, regardless of the group dissolution tactics that individuals adopt, the allocator's share of the reproduction always increases as relatedness increases, as group productivity increases, and as constraints on leaving to breed elsewhere intensify. We conclude that concession and restraint type models make qualitatively similar predictions, and should not be tested as alternatives. In summary, this study makes the transactional framework of reproductive skew more general, by eliminating restrictive assumptions, and more amenable to testing in the field, by clarifying assumptions and predictions.

Reproductive skew theory provides a compelling explanation for the partitioning of reproduction among individuals within animal societies. One constructive criticism of the theory is that there are too many models, all of which have different assumptions and predictions, which makes it difficult to know what to test. Here we begin the process of tackling this problem, by re-examining the assumptions and predictions of basic concession and restraint models, two transactional models that are often tested as alternatives. Concession models assume that the dominant has complete control over the allocation of reproduction but may yield some of the group's reproduction to prevent the subordinate from voluntarily departing. Restraint models assume that the subordinate has complete control over the allocation of reproduction but may not claim all of the group's reproduction to prevent the dominant from forcibly evicting it. We show that the group dissolution tactics that individuals use (forcible eviction or voluntary departure) need not be an assumption of the model, but rather they can be predicted using Hamilton's rule and the standard variables of skew models. We reveal that the assumption that one individual (dominant or subordinate) has complete control over the allocation of reproduction is an idea common to both models, and we resolve this semantic difference by calling this individual 'the allocator'. We show that, regardless of the group dissolution tactics that individuals adopt, the allocator's share of the reproduction always increases as relatedness increases, as group productivity increases, and as constraints on leaving to breed elsewhere intensify. We conclude that concession and restraint type models make qualitatively similar predictions, and should not be tested as alternatives. In summary, this study makes the transactional framework of reproductive skew more general, by eliminating restrictive assumptions, and more amenable to testing in the field, by clarifying assumptions and predictions.

The use of Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVEs) is a trend topic in virtual education and e-learning. A number of research papers and literature reviews addresses how digital natives learn in a different way than the previous generation and how these kinds of highly interactive environments may positively affect their motivation. But actual efficacy of MUVEs to enhance students' motivation has not been deeply backed up yet by empirical research. This paper contributes with a small experiment conducted on an elective programming course for engineering students. The hypothesis was that the use of a MUVE would improve students' motivation towards learning. To evaluate the veracity of this hypothesis, the dropout rates of the course were compared alongside four academic years, assuming that lower dropout rates imply a motivation increase. The first two years (Y1 and Y2) a traditional approach based on lectures, weekly assignments and a final exam was used. The last two years (Y3 and Y4), the NUCLEO approach was used. NUCLEO is a pedagogical strategy that combines game mechanics (including collaboration and competition), problembased learning and a fantastic narrative metaphor. In Y3 the NUCLEO approach was implemented having a flat classical interface provided by the standard Moodle Learning Management System (LMS), while in Y4 a •3D MUVE was used as interface. Dropouts during the traditional teaching period (Y1-2) fell dramatically during the NUCLEO teaching period (Y3-4). However, dropouts were higher in Y4 when a MUVE was used as interface (16.66%) compared to Y3 (9.09%). These data suggest that just using a MUVE or a 3D environment can enhance motivation but to achieve maximum effectiveness if they are combined with elements like game mechanics. These data were also backed up by satisfaction questionnaires fulfilled by teachers and students.

Around 200 million rice farmers live in Asia, where the FFS was first created. The brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stl), which caused major rice production losses, jeopardized some nations' food security and political stability. A second generation of FFS expanded this initial classical FFS for integrated pest management (IPM) on rice to cover other crops and subjects. In actuality, the FFS is not intended to be prolonged. It is envisaged that FFS would continue to positively impact economic, social, environmental, and political assets. In order to inform operational programs about the kinds and pathways of effects that can realistically be anticipated, this study will review the available evidence on the influence of group dynamics on FFS and its effects across the human, social, natural, and financial capital domains of the sustainable livelihoods approach. Knowing about these consequences could aid present and upcoming FFS programs in developing their treatments and evaluations. To tailor FFS interventions in order to maximize their effects, in-depth case studies are required to clarify the linkages between livelihood assets and the influences of the policy, institutional, and external environments. The FFS has the ability to help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in light of the favorable implications it can have on rural livelihoods. However, care must be taken to ensure the FFS's quality and conduct a fair assessment of all the capital domains.

Collaboration is essential for individuals working in groups to achieve a common goal. The understanding of the collaborative profile of each member of a team is extremely useful to understand and predict his/her performance in future teamwork. Users can demonstrate their collaborative skills in many digital platforms. Among them, video games enable to capture the players" behavior by the direct observation of their actions, while engaging them in a pleasant activity. In this work, we propose an approach for building collaborative profiles of a group of people working together towards a common goal, using an online game as a shared environment and a well-known theory about groups" dynamics: SYMLOG. This profile can be useful to know which features each member should train to improve his/her collaborative skills and to predict the performance of the group. We validate our approach with 98 players to evaluate the similarity between the profiles generated with our approach and the profiles derived from the SYMLOG questionnaire, which is the usual tool used with this theory

This paper focuses on computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) among foreign language (FL) graduate students from three universities, who worked together to create a wiki. In order to investigate the nature of CSCL among participants, this qualitative case study used the Curtis and Lawson framework (2001) to conduct a content analysis of learners&#x27; collaborative behaviors. Transcript and survey analyses indicate that

Exploring group dynamics in a foreign language classroom has not yet received ample consideration in mainstream research, notably their specified role in foreign language development. The study reported presently sought to document the particularity of this effect on an uncommonly chartered segment of the low-achieving students in an intermediate-level class. Following a time-series design in which they performed watch-and-tell speaking tasks in a 14-week experimental process, analysis considered audiorecorded data from 15 participants after being transcribed and coded. While the results confirmed the positive relationship between the maturity of group processes and the participants' willingness to communicate, they suggested slight to moderate improvement in their speaking skill development which in turn revealed a consistent use of processing patterns uncommon to group-excepted students. K E Y W O R D S group dynamics, information processing, speech production, WTC L'étude de la dynamique des groupes dans une classe de langues étrangères n'a pas suscité suffisamment d'attention dans les cercles de recherche établies, notamment leur rôle direct dans le développement linguistique chez l'apprenant. La présente étude visait à documenter la particularité de cet effet sur un segment d'élèves peu performants dans une classe de niveau intermédiaire. Dans un cadre pédagogique d'éveil des langues, ils ont exécuté des tâches au cours d'un processus expérimental de quatorze semaines. L'analyse a pris en compte des performances orales enregistrées de

Abstract: Peer-led programs that employ classroom-based group exercises have been shown to be the most effective in preventing adolescent tobacco use. In addition, health promotion programs that include cultural referents have also been shown to be advantageous. The purpose of this study was to test the interaction between the method by which leaders and peers are assigned to cooperative groups and the cultural relevance of the curricular materials. Sixth-grade students were randomly assigned to one of three ...

The willingness to communicate (WTC) is of significant importance to the development of communication in second language learning. The present study investigated the relationship between group dynamics (GD) and learners' WTC. A mixed-methods approach involving a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews was utilized to collect data. The participants were 256 female preparatory year students from the science track at a public university in Saudi Arabia. Eight of these students also participated in the interviews. The findings revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between learners' perceived WTC and GD. Moreover, the perceived WTC of learners from level 1 was significantly different from that of learners from levels 2 and 3. The qualitative analysis revealed a set of GD factors that influence the participants' WTC. These factors were organized into three main themes that included nine subthemes. These themes are classmates-related factors, classroom environment factors, and teacher-related factors. The study also suggested some potential implications that can increase GD, which can contribute to enhancing learners' WTC.

Social network analysis can be used to describe influence, group dynamics and collaboration in learning networks. The current analysis focuses on a distributed community of learners' email communication and represents the first step in understanding the community's social dynamics. It focuses upon the online intranet presence of the Computer Clubhouse, a network of after-school computer learning centers. The paper presents network analysis and graphs that highlight characteristics of the relationships between the youth, such as strength of their ties, gender, and location of emailing dyads. Implications for future network analysis of learning communities are discussed.

When evaluating co-located collaborative environments it is important to not focus solely on improving the outcome the collaborative activity. Facilitating the collaborative process itself is equally important but challenging given the lack of established methodological guidelines. The CSCW community needs to further investigate appropriate methodologies to effectively evaluate co-located collaboration, particularly in terms of the impact technology has on teamwork (group dynamics, social dynamics) and other factors ...

Around 200 million rice farmers live in Asia, where the FFS was first created. The brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stl), which caused major rice production losses, jeopardized some nations' food security and political stability. A second generation of FFS expanded this initial classical FFS for integrated pest management (IPM) on rice to cover other crops and subjects. In actuality, the FFS is not intended to be prolonged. It is envisaged that FFS would continue to positively impact economic, social, environmental, and political assets. In order to inform operational programs about the kinds and pathways of effects that can realistically be anticipated, this study will review the available evidence on the influence of group dynamics on FFS and its effects across the human, social, natural, and financial capital domains of the sustainable livelihoods approach. Knowing about these consequences could aid present and upcoming FFS programs in developing their treatments and evaluations. To tailor FFS interventions in order to maximize their effects, in-depth case studies are required to clarify the linkages between livelihood assets and the influences of the policy, institutional, and external environments. The FFS has the ability to help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in light of the favorable implications it can have on rural livelihoods. However, care must be taken to ensure the FFS's quality and conduct a fair assessment of all the capital domains.

Collaborative brainstorming can be a challenging but important part of creative group problem solving. Mind-mapping has the potential to enhance the brainstorming process but has its own challenges when used in a group. We introduce GroupMind, a collaborative mind-mapping tool that addresses these challenges and opens new opportunities for creative teamwork, including brainstorming. We present a semi-controlled evaluation of GroupMind and its impact on teamwork, problem solving and collaboration for brainstorming activities. GroupMind performs better than using a traditional whiteboard in both interaction group and nominal group settings for the task involving memory recall. The hierarchical mind-map structure also imposes important framing effects on group dynamics and idea organization during the brainstorming process. We also present design ideas to assist in the development of future tools to support creative problem solving in groups.

Purpose Discussions held by players during the halftime of a soccer match are widely recognized as influential factors in boosting their involvement and physical activity of soccer players. This study aimed to investigate the impact of learning small-sided games (SSG) through player discussions on decision-making, as well as the technical and tactical skills of young soccer players. Methods Forty-two U-15 male amateur soccer players were randomly assigned to 6 groups and participated in a study comprising 4 sessions of small-sided games (SSG). Each session consisted of two sets of 15 min each. The SSG sessions were conducted with and without the inclusion of self-regulation of learning. Technical actions (i.e., balls won, balls received, balls lost, shots, and goals) were measured during each set of sessions using a digital camera recorder. The results showed no significant differences in the main effects of the time, group, session, and group × session × time interactions for most technical actions. However, there was a significant main effect of group observed for shoot action (P = 0.021; η p 2 = 0.102), with a higher number of shoot actions in the co-regulation of learning group than in the self-regulation of learning group. The self-regulation approach employed by players alone did not lead to significant improvements in technical performance during SSG. Further research is needed to explore additional factors and/or interventions that could potentially enhance the effectiveness of learning through discussions in SSG.

This paper discusses the results of a correlation study performed at Stockholm University, which investigated the possible connection between the make-up of security risk management teams and their performance. Three different models were used to construct team composition profiles and were (separately) tested as the seven participating teams completed two practical security risk management tasks. The study has shown that there is a possible correlation between the teams' diversity in terms of the combinations of work related preferences and tendencies (including both risk management specific ones, and non-specific to the risk management context) of their members and the teams' performance.

This study attempts to understand individual emotional experience in the context of group development. It emphasizes the first level of abstraction of group member experience rather than individual experience over time through second-order interpretations. Data were gathered from mixed groups of 21 students, over 9 weeks, in a group process course at a large state university. Students had no prior group process training and kept weekly journals for credit. Content analysis was performed on the journals, meaning units were coded for theme, and frequencies of themes describing affective and traditional group process responses were tallied. The data clearly supported the paradoxical descriptions of group life, especially conflict, offered by Smith and Berg (1988). The data may also represent what the move toward relativistic (Sinnott, 1984) or dialectical (Riegel, 1975, 1977) thinking may look like at the individual level.

Through the last decades, values have been one of the hot topics for researchers. Hundreds of researches and articles describe and analyze values of different level based on different theories. At the same time, construct of values has still remained a little bit mysterious, because we still do not fully understand and agree how the values shape and develop. Fortunately, most of the researchers agree on that organizational values and success (no matter how we define the success) are connected and dependent on each other. Often in organizations, the values are described and an effort made to propagate them to the employees and integrate into everyday actions. A more complex question remains how to evaluate if the desired values have imprinted themselves in the organization. The main aim of the chapter is to show how the conflicts in the organization might be used as the indicators of organizational real values. The chapter is based on the former researches of the authors and others. ...

When individuals succumb to the grip of an addiction, it is extremely difficult to quit on their own. They would rely on the advice and support of family, friends and professionals. The dynamic is such support and journey toward recovery has been explored by this research through a case study. Yes We Can Youth Clinics (YWCYC) aims to provide a solution for many young people aged 13 to 25 with behavioural disorders and/or addictions, which is more effective when there is collaboration among the adolescents and young adults together with their parents. The method used by YWWC is based on the principle of positive group dynamics wherein their approach and programme is individualised, systemic, and tightly structured. Furthermore, YWCYC works in collaboration with healthcare professionals and experience experts (counsellors) on the basis of unconditional acceptance of all those involved. Successful care should integrate the treatment of co-morbid symptoms and involve families and relatives in the therapeutic process.

Around 200 million rice farmers live in Asia, where the FFS was first created. The brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stl), which caused major rice production losses, jeopardized some nations' food security and political stability. A second generation of FFS expanded this initial classical FFS for integrated pest management (IPM) on rice to cover other crops and subjects. In actuality, the FFS is not intended to be prolonged. It is envisaged that FFS would continue to positively impact economic, social, environmental, and political assets. In order to inform operational programs about the kinds and pathways of effects that can realistically be anticipated, this study will review the available evidence on the influence of group dynamics on FFS and its effects across the human, social, natural, and financial capital domains of the sustainable livelihoods approach. Knowing about these consequences could aid present and upcoming FFS programs in developing their treatments and evaluations. To tailor FFS interventions in order to maximize their effects, in-depth case studies are required to clarify the linkages between livelihood assets and the influences of the policy, institutional, and external environments. The FFS has the ability to help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in light of the favorable implications it can have on rural livelihoods. However, care must be taken to ensure the FFS's quality and conduct a fair assessment of all the capital domains.

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This paper discusses processes of technological change in the tile cluster in the village Karanggeneng in Central Java, Indonesia. A growing number of producers in this cluster have switched from traditional kiln to so-called handpress production. We will analyze the processes of innovation adoption of the handpress technology in the cluster. Adoption of the handpress technology encompasses certain indivisibilities which require collaboration among producers to render innovation adoption profitable. We will discuss how pioneer adopters share information and stimulate social learning and adoption on the part of their neighbours, because simultaneous adoption of the handpress technology by groups of producers is needed in order to tackle the indivisibilities which pioneers are facing.

Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of imagery use in sport, but only few studies have examined the theoretically connection between imagery and confidence in team sports. These neglect necessitated the need to examine imagery use as predictors of elite football players&#39; sport confidence. Descriptive data were collected from forty-three male and female football players from Nigeria using Sport Imagery Questionnaire SIQ and the Sources of Sport Confidence Questionnaire SSCQ. The result of th e correlation indicated a significant {P&lt; .05} correlation of imagery use and sport confidence with correlation value ranging from (r=.12 to .72). An apparent significant {P&lt;.05} composite effect of the imagery use on the football players&#39; sport confidence was also established. Based on the social cognitive theory, the identification of the determinants of confidence judgement over a period of time especially with the complementary effect of imagery use leads to better predi...

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma experiência de intervenção em orientação sexual com adolescentes em uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais. Foram sujeitos da intervenção 50 estudantes da 8ª série do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal da cidade, divididos em 4 grupos, sendo relatada aqui a experiência vivida em um deles, contando com 13 participantes, com idades variando entre 13 e 15 anos, sendo 8 do sexo masculino e 5 do sexo feminino. Utilizando a metodologia de Oficinas em Dinâmica de Grupo procurou-se, juntamente com os adolescentes, a reflexão e elaboração de sentimentos, comportamentos e conhecimentos compartilhados face à sexualidade, levando em consideração suas angústias e inseguranças relacionadas ao tema, e concentrando-se em dialogar sobre os aspectos afetivos e históricos envolvidos na vivência da sexualidade. A partir da análise dos processos grupais, articulados a uma conscientização ético-política dos sujeitos envolvidos, observou-se uma r...

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal survey findings on the impact of trust and consider how to rebuild trust in organizations.Design/methodology/approachRecent survey by Bates Communications, Inc. of 148 business professionals.FindingsThe clear number 1 issue emerging from the downturn was executives&#39; ability to rebuild trust with employees, clients, and customers. Data from our survey showed that this recession caused significant damage to business relationships, damage that must be repaired if many companies are to move forward and take advantage of the opportunities of the rebuilding economy.Research limitations/implicationsIn addition to our own survey, other studies have corroborated our results. According to the 2009 Midyear Edelman Trust Barometer, trust in business continues to be the issue starkly revealed in its January 2009 report that had reported a devastating loss in trust in the private sector. In the Midyear survey, when asked what companies could do to...

This paper presents a structured way to evaluate challenging group or 'co-design dynamics' in participatory design processes with children. In the form of a critical reflection on a project in which 103 children were involved as design partners, we describe the most prevalent co-design dynamics. For example, some groups rush too quickly towards consensus to safeguard group cohesiveness instead of examining other choice alternatives (i.e., groupthink). Besides 'groupthink' we describe five more challenging co-design dynamics: 'laughing out loud', 'free riding', 'unequal power', 'apart together' and 'destructive conflict'. We argue that balancing these dynamics has a positive impact on the dialectic process of developing values and ideas in participatory design, as well as on children's motivation. Therefore, the CCI community could benefit from our in-depth exploration and categorization of challenging group dynamics when co-designing technology with children.

Economic behavior often takes place in small groups of people interacting with each other (like work teams and boards of directors, but also social networks and neighborhoods). Characteristic of such interaction is the development of (affective) interpersonal relationships, or social ties. The embeddedness of economic behavior in networks of social ties seems to have a profound impact on the outcome of economic processes. In this paper we investigate experimentally the development of social ties structures through economic interaction in a public good environment. It turns out that complicated dynamics arise from individual differences in social value orientation and affective response patterns.