Government college university Lahore

In this research, we will present a description in detailed of CuBiS₂ composite films fabricated via a thermal solvent approach for dual gas sensing applications, targeting H₂S and NO₂ gases. The films were systematically analyzed and the results show that the CuBiS₂ films exhibit various advantages such as excellent gas sensing, with excellent performance controlled by operating temperature, film thickness, and surface morphology. The formation of metal-sulfur bonds was revealed and a wide direct band gap of 3.84 eV was determined. Electrical evaluations confirm the p-type conductivity, suggesting their potential application in thermoelectric devices. The membranes exhibit increased sensitivity to H2S and NO2 at high temperatures, confirming their potential application in environmental monitoring and industrial safety applications. This research suggests the importance of further optimizing the membrane composition and structural properties to develop sensitivity and selectivity, which will assist in the development of cost-effective and reliable gas sensors in the field of nanomaterials.

Afghanistan’s public diplomacy approach towards Pakistan has been shaped by the complex historical ties, security concerns, and regional dynamics between the two neighboring countries. Here is an introduction outlining some key aspects of Afghanistan’s pubic diplomacy strategy regarding Pakistan:
Afghanistan has consistently emphasized the importance of regional connectivity, economic cooperation, and joint infrastructure projects with Pakistan, such as the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipeline and the Central Asian-South Asia power project (CASA-1000). These initiatives aim to foster economic interdependence and integration, which could contribute to stability in the region.

Self-adaptive systems (SASs) have the capability to evaluate and change their behavior according to changes occurring in the environment. Research in this field is being held since mid-60, and over the last decade, the importance of self-adaptivity is being increased. In the proposed research, colored petri nets (CPN) formal language is being used to model self-adaptive multiagent system. CPN is increasingly used to model self-adaptive complex concurrent systems due to its flexible formal specification and formal verification behavior. CPN being visually more expressive than simple, Petri Nets enable diverse modeling approaches and provides a richer framework for such a complex formalism. The main goal of this research is to apply self-adaptive multi-agent concurrent system (SMACS) for complex architectures. In our previous research, the SMACS framework is proposed and verified through traffic monitoring system. All agents of SMACS are also known as intelligent agents due to their s...

Shifts in the sectoral employment and output (commonly referred to as structural change) are essential conditions as well as a connected phenomenon of economic growth. Despite the importance of structural changes for economic development, for a long time, this body of work was dormant. In recent times, the curiosity about alternative viewpoints to understand growth process and outcomes has also increased. Furthermore, it is also acknowledged in literature that empirical studies about developing countries in this domain are limited. Accordingly, this study addresses these gaps in literature. For this purpose, a sample consisting of 24 developing countries of Asia is studied for the period 1992-2016 as a case in example. In contrast with several studies found in literature related with the topic, this study deploys modern macro-panel data econometric techniques that generate more robust and reliable estimates, and are more appropriate empirically while dealing with macropanels. Therefore this study is updated, timely and more robust. After careful examination of alternatives, this study uses the 'sectoral labor relocation' as a proxy of structural change that is constructed through the application of Shiftshare analysis (SSA). A unique feature of this study is that it includes structural change (labor relocation) as a predictor of economic progress, along with other growth related variables such as capital stock, institutions, human capital and trade openness. The choice of these variables is based on theoretical as well as empirical literature. Twostep analytical strategy is used in this study; firstly, the SSA is applied using sectoral labor and value added data for each country and change in labor productivity is decomposed into three components i.e. 'within effect', 'between-static effect', and 'between-dynamic effect'. The last two effects are used for assessing the 'structural bonus' and 'structural burden hypotheses' in relevant literature, and collectively these two are referred to as 'structural change effect'. In the second analytical step, the calculated 'structural-change effect' is used in econometric modelling. The parameters are estimated, after necessary pre-and-post estimation requirements, through Common Correlated Effects Mean Group, and the Augmented Mean Group estimators. These estimators show empirical superiority over other older techniques in the presence of cross-sectional dependence and other issues. Overall results suggest that there is a positive significant relationship between structural change (measured as labor relocation) and economic progress (except in the case of AMG estimation without trend). Capital accumulation is also a positive significant explanatory variable of the economic progress in this empirical setting and this in in line with the standard growth theory. Both these finding support the conceptualization that structural change as labor relocation across sectors as well as capital accumulation play a supportive role in economic progress of the countries under study. However, the estimated coefficients of the structural change variable are relatively smaller than that of capital stock. Interestingly, the role of trade openness is statistically insignificant. In much of the 1990s many developing economies included in the sample were undergoing market reforms under the Structural Adjustment Programs. This may imply that labor relocation across sectors, and capital stock matter more for economic growth than just opening up the economies for increasing the size of tradables. The role of human capital is also statistically insignificant. Institutions are found to be playing a supportive role towards economic progress in case of the developing countries of Asia included in the sample over the study period.

CHAPTER I-INTRODUCTION CHAPTER II-LITERATURE REVIEW 76-102 2.1 Professional Concerns of Teachers …………………………………………….. 77 2.2 Sources of Professional Development………………………………………...... 79 2.3 Gender Difference In Professional Development of Teachers…………………. 84 2.4 Journey of Development from Novice to Expert Teacher……………………… 88 2.5 Reflection on Teaching Career………………………………………………..... 89 2.6 Satisfaction with Teaching Career……………………………………………… 91 2.7 Professional Development of University Teachers in Pakistan………………… 94 2.8 Rationale of the Study…………………………………………………………... 99 2.9 Research Questions……………………………………………………………... 101 2.10 Objectives of the Study………………………………………………………….

المـلخــــــص أوضحت الدراسة أن المالية العامة لها تأثير على عمل البنك المركزي أستقلاليته وذلك من خلال جملة من المتغيرات النقدية كالتضخم أذ تؤثر المالية العامة  من خلال النفقات والايرادات على التضخم فمثلا عندما تكون النفقات الاستهلاكية أكبر من النفقات الاستثمارية ففي هذه الحالة سوف تؤدي المالية العامة من خلال أحد ادواتها على رفع معدلات التضخم وكذلك  في مزاد العملة أذ يلاحظ في الدول الريعية تكون الايرادات النفطية تشكل نسبة  كبيرة من موازنة الدولة العامة وتسيطر عليها وزارة المالية (الحكومة) أي تسيطر على العملة الاجنبية (الدولار) وتبيع للبنك المركزي العملة المحلية وتكون نسبة  مبيعات ومشتريات العملة مضطردة  لانها  تتاثر  بأيرادات النفط وهي بدورها عرضة لتقلبات اسعار النفط العالمية.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the current trends of publication patterns in Library and Information Science research using bibliometric methods. To achieve the aim of the study, a popular national peer review journals was selected i.e ‘Journal of Indian Library Association’ (JILA). During 2016-2020, total 22 issues and 129 articles were analyzed in various aspects such as distribution of articles, authorship patterns, state-wise contributors, most prolific author(s), and length of articles, subject-wise distribution of articles and no. of keywords used. All collected datawere presented in different tables and charts in systematic manner. The trends of authorship of articles are collaborative and most of the authors belong to Karnataka. Average length of articles is different and most of the papers were written on ‘bibliometric, webometric and scientrometric analysis’, users’ study, library survey, LIS education, public library, information literacy etc during the study period

Purpose-The main purpose of the current study was to explore the research output of Government College University, Lahore Pakistan in terms of publications, citation trends, major research areas, co-authorship patterns, preferred journals, keywords used, and funding sponsored. Design/methodology/approach-Current study used bibliometric analysis methodology for achieving the objectives. Data were extracted from the Scopus database through a query. Query was executed in June 2021 at Prince Sultan University; Saudi Arabia and 6085 publications were retrieved. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were also defined. The results were filtered according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Finally, 6008 records were included in the final analysis which included articles, conference papers, reviews, and book chapters from 1908 to June 13, 2021. MS Excel, VOS Viewer, and Biblioshiny software were used for data analysis. Findings-Findings showed that publications and citation trends of Government College University remained low. However, the progress of publication and citations started in 2005. The top ten research areas were consisted of science subjects. Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities had no publications in the top ten areas. The majority of collaborated work from GC University authors was observed with the

This paper presents a humidity sensing based on perovskites nanostructured thin film for improved sensitivity and optical performance. The nickel-doped zinc thin oxide (NZTO) perovskites thin film was used as a sensing material for the humidity sensing application. The NZTO was deposited on borosilicate glass substrates via aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) and nickel (Ni) dopant with 2 %mol was added into the precursor solution. The optical performance was investigated by inserting the NZTO into the optical reflection cavity. The cavity comprises NZTO on the glass that placed in a fixed position in front of single-mode fiber (SMF) and SMF was adjusted using x-direction of the 3-axis stage to obtained different cavity lengths. The performance was evaluated from the free-spectral range (FSR) and extinction ratio (E R) of the different cavity lengths. Then, the cavity with an optimized length was placed inside the humidity chamber for sensing applications. The result shows that the optimized cavity length is 100 m with FSR and E R of 12.05 nm and 7.247 dB. The sensitivity of the humidity sensing is 0.2657 nm/RH% indicates that the NZTO is an excellent candidate for humidity sensing application.

Purpose-The main purpose of the current study was to explore the research output of Government College University, Lahore Pakistan in terms of publications, citation trends, major research areas, co-authorship patterns, preferred journals, keywords used, and funding sponsored. Design/methodology/approach-Current study used bibliometric analysis methodology for achieving the objectives. Data were extracted from the Scopus database through a query. Query was executed in June 2021 at Prince Sultan University; Saudi Arabia and 6085 publications were retrieved. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were also defined. The results were filtered according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Finally, 6008 records were included in the final analysis which included articles, conference papers, reviews, and book chapters from 1908 to June 13, 2021. MS Excel, VOS Viewer, and Biblioshiny software were used for data analysis. Findings-Findings showed that publications and citation trends of Government College University remained low. However, the progress of publication and citations started in 2005. The top ten research areas were consisted of science subjects. Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities had no publications in the top ten areas. The majority of collaborated work from GC University authors was observed with the

The assurance of required quality properties is one of the major challenge in SelfAdaptive Systems (SAS). Self-adaptive systems have the capability to adapt their dynamic behavior autonomously at runtime due to uncertain changes in the environment. Research in this field is being held since mid-sixties, and over the last decade the importance of self-adaptivity is being increased. In general a self-adaptive system is much difficult to specify and verify, because of its highly complex internal behavior and especially when time constraints are involved. In the proposed research, Colored Petri Net (CPN) formal language will be used to model self-adaptive multi-agent system. CPN is increasingly used to model self-adaptive complex concurrent systems due to its flexible formal specification and formal verification behavior. CPN is visually more expressive than simple Petri Nets enables diverse modeling approaches and provides a richer framework for such a complex formalism. The specificat...

Purpose-The main purpose of the current study was to explore the research output of Government College University, Lahore Pakistan in terms of publications, citation trends, major research areas, co-authorship patterns, preferred journals, keywords used, and funding sponsored. Design/methodology/approach-Current study used bibliometric analysis methodology for achieving the objectives. Data were extracted from the Scopus database through a query. Query was executed in June 2021 at Prince Sultan University; Saudi Arabia and 6085 publications were retrieved. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were also defined. The results were filtered according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Finally, 6008 records were included in the final analysis which included articles, conference papers, reviews, and book chapters from 1908 to June 13, 2021. MS Excel, VOS Viewer, and Biblioshiny software were used for data analysis. Findings-Findings showed that publications and citation trends of Government College University remained low. However, the progress of publication and citations started in 2005. The top ten research areas were consisted of science subjects. Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities had no publications in the top ten areas. The majority of collaborated work from GC University authors was observed with the

Purpose-The main purpose of the current study was to explore the research output of Government College University, Lahore Pakistan in terms of publications, citation trends, major research areas, co-authorship patterns, preferred journals, keywords used, and funding sponsored. Design/methodology/approach-Current study used bibliometric analysis methodology for achieving the objectives. Data were extracted from the Scopus database through a query. Query was executed in June 2021 at Prince Sultan University; Saudi Arabia and 6085 publications were retrieved. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were also defined. The results were filtered according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Finally, 6008 records were included in the final analysis which included articles, conference papers, reviews, and book chapters from 1908 to June 13, 2021. MS Excel, VOS Viewer, and Biblioshiny software were used for data analysis. Findings-Findings showed that publications and citation trends of Government College University remained low. However, the progress of publication and citations started in 2005. The top ten research areas were consisted of science subjects. Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities had no publications in the top ten areas. The majority of collaborated work from GC University authors was observed with the

Purpose-The main purpose of the current study was to explore the research output of Government College University, Lahore Pakistan in terms of publications, citation trends, major research areas, co-authorship patterns, preferred journals, keywords used, and funding sponsored. Design/methodology/approach-Current study used bibliometric analysis methodology for achieving the objectives. Data were extracted from the Scopus database through a query. Query was executed in June 2021 at Prince Sultan University; Saudi Arabia and 6085 publications were retrieved. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were also defined. The results were filtered according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Finally, 6008 records were included in the final analysis which included articles, conference papers, reviews, and book chapters from 1908 to June 13, 2021. MS Excel, VOS Viewer, and Biblioshiny software were used for data analysis. Findings-Findings showed that publications and citation trends of Government College University remained low. However, the progress of publication and citations started in 2005. The top ten research areas were consisted of science subjects. Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities had no publications in the top ten areas. The majority of collaborated work from GC University authors was observed with the

CHAPTER I-INTRODUCTION CHAPTER II-LITERATURE REVIEW 76-102 2.1 Professional Concerns of Teachers …………………………………………….. 77 2.2 Sources of Professional Development………………………………………...... 79 2.3 Gender Difference In Professional Development of Teachers…………………. 84 2.4 Journey of Development from Novice to Expert Teacher……………………… 88 2.5 Reflection on Teaching Career………………………………………………..... 89 2.6 Satisfaction with Teaching Career……………………………………………… 91 2.7 Professional Development of University Teachers in Pakistan………………… 94 2.8 Rationale of the Study…………………………………………………………... 99 2.9 Research Questions……………………………………………………………... 101 2.10 Objectives of the Study………………………………………………………….

Shifts in the sectoral employment and output (commonly referred to as structural change) are essential conditions as well as a connected phenomenon of economic growth. Despite the importance of structural changes for economic development, for a long time, this body of work was dormant. In recent times, the curiosity about alternative viewpoints to understand growth process and outcomes has also increased. Furthermore, it is also acknowledged in literature that empirical studies about developing countries in this domain are limited. Accordingly, this study addresses these gaps in literature. For this purpose, a sample consisting of 24 developing countries of Asia is studied for the period 1992-2016 as a case in example. In contrast with several studies found in literature related with the topic, this study deploys modern macro-panel data econometric techniques that generate more robust and reliable estimates, and are more appropriate empirically while dealing with macropanels. Therefore this study is updated, timely and more robust. After careful examination of alternatives, this study uses the 'sectoral labor relocation' as a proxy of structural change that is constructed through the application of Shiftshare analysis (SSA). A unique feature of this study is that it includes structural change (labor relocation) as a predictor of economic progress, along with other growth related variables such as capital stock, institutions, human capital and trade openness. The choice of these variables is based on theoretical as well as empirical literature. Twostep analytical strategy is used in this study; firstly, the SSA is applied using sectoral labor and value added data for each country and change in labor productivity is decomposed into three components i.e. 'within effect', 'between-static effect', and 'between-dynamic effect'. The last two effects are used for assessing the 'structural bonus' and 'structural burden hypotheses' in relevant literature, and collectively these two are referred to as 'structural change effect'. In the second analytical step, the calculated 'structural-change effect' is used in econometric modelling. The parameters are estimated, after necessary pre-and-post estimation requirements, through Common Correlated Effects Mean Group, and the Augmented Mean Group estimators. These estimators show empirical superiority over other older techniques in the presence of cross-sectional dependence and other issues. Overall results suggest that there is a positive significant relationship between structural change (measured as labor relocation) and economic progress (except in the case of AMG estimation without trend). Capital accumulation is also a positive significant explanatory variable of the economic progress in this empirical setting and this in in line with the standard growth theory. Both these finding support the conceptualization that structural change as labor relocation across sectors as well as capital accumulation play a supportive role in economic progress of the countries under study. However, the estimated coefficients of the structural change variable are relatively smaller than that of capital stock. Interestingly, the role of trade openness is statistically insignificant. In much of the 1990s many developing economies included in the sample were undergoing market reforms under the Structural Adjustment Programs. This may imply that labor relocation across sectors, and capital stock matter more for economic growth than just opening up the economies for increasing the size of tradables. The role of human capital is also statistically insignificant. Institutions are found to be playing a supportive role towards economic progress in case of the developing countries of Asia included in the sample over the study period.

Background and Aim: Fatigue is the most common side effect in hemodialysis patients. A relavent theory to fatigue in hemodialysis patients, the unpleasant theory states that fatigue has physical, psychological, and situational factors. Building on unpleasant theory, this study sought to examine some factors relavent to fatigue in hemodialysis patients. Matrials and Methods: This analytical-descriptive study included all patients (n=182) who were eligible according to inclusion criteria. Data were collected through questionnaires including demographic information, Fatigue Severity Scale, ESSI, and Beck Depression whose reliabilty and validity were confirmed. Data was analyzed in SPSS (version 16) using independent t-test, ANOVA and Tukey Results: Fatigue score mean of the patients was 3.94±1.22. From among them, 151 (83%) had good social support. There was no significant difference between fatigue scores of participants in terms of gender, age, malnutrition, and anemia. However, ther...

This essay primarily focuses on the bilateral relations between
Pakistan and India and how the United States of America (USA),
despite New Delhi’s mantra of bilateralism and non-interference
doctrines, has been effectively roped in by the latter and made an
active stakeholder; and how the de-hyphenation of India and Pakistan
by the US after the Cold War, has adversely affected regional
Lastly, how the pursuit of independent strategic objectives
by each of the three state-actors, has affected mutual relations in the
contemporary times, and what policy objectives Pakistan can pursue
in the coming decades.