Gelotophobia

Предлагается русскоязычная адаптация опросника PhoPhiKat. По результатам анализа психометрических свойств опросника PhoPhiKat<45> (N = 818) были отобраны 30 пунктов с наилучшими характеристиками. Повторная апробация опросника PhoPhiKat<30>
подтвердила его надежность и валидность. Опросник рекомендуется к использованию в исследованиях и практике психодиагностики и психологического консультирования.
Обсуждается потенциальная значимость выявления гелотофобии, гелотофилии и катагеластицизма для практики.

Приводятся результаты русскоязычной адаптации опросника гелотофобии, гелотофилии и катагеластицизма PhoPhiKat на выборке российских подростков (N=392), которые свидетельствуют о хороших психометрических свойствах опросника, адекватности трехфакторной структуры, надежности
шкал, их конструктной валидности. Отмечается, что большинство пунктов работают на соответствующие факторы, однако ряд пунктов имеют недостаточно хорошие психометрические свойства. В связи с этим к использованию в практике предлагается сокращенная версия PhoPhiKat<30>, ранее
адаптированная на взрослых. Представлен сравнительный анализ показателей гелотофобии, гелотофилии и катагеластицизма, их распространенности, выраженности, корреляции с полом, возрастом и стилями юмора у российских подростков в сравнении с аналогичными данными из Дании и Швейцарии, а также отечественными данными по взрослым.

Представлен обзор зарубежных исследований гелотофобии (страха оказаться объектом насмешки, выглядеть смешным). Осуществлена русскоязычная адаптация опросника гелотофобии (n = 216), которая выявила высокую надежность (α = .83), а также однофакторную структуру опросника. Отмечается, что выраженность гелотофобии не связана с демографическими переменными (пол, возраст, семейный статус). В России 7.41% испытуемых набрали балл, превышающий пороговую величину, т.е. обнаружили как минимум легкую степень выраженности гелотофобии. Кросскуль-турный анализ показал, что распространенность гелотофобии в России ниже, чем в Германии, выше, чем в Австрии, и близка к данным Китая и Швейцарии. У испытуемых из города с меньшей численностью населения (Костромы) гелотофобия выражена сильнее, чем у жителей более круп-ного города (Москвы). Ключевые слова: гелотофобия, юмор, смех, страх выглядеть смешным.

This study aimed to test a hypothesis about the correlation between levels of gelotophobia, gelotophilia, and katagelasticism and understanding of Internet memes as a specific form of humour. Participants were 45 native speakers of Russian (aged 18 – 30; 73,3 % female). The levels of Internet memes understanding were assessed independently by two judges with the use of criteria based on the results of a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews. Gelotophobia, gelotophilia, and katagelasticism were assessed with PhoPhiKat &lt;30&gt; questionnaire. J. Raven’s “Standard Progressive Matrices” test was used to control the level of psychometric intelligence. Concordance of judges’ scores for the understanding of memes was assessed with Kendall’s W and ranged from 0.71 to 0.84. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test the main hypothesis. We found no correlation between the scores for gelotophobia, gelotophilia, and katagelasticism and understanding of Internet memes. P...

Research on gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) has come a long way since the first empirical studies published in 2008. Based on a review of the findings on gelotophobia, its structure, causes and consequences, updates to the model are introduced emphasizing the context of the fear and its dynamic nature. More precisely, external and internal factors are seen to moderate the effects of initial events on gelotophobia, and a spiral nature in the development of the fear is assumed. It is highlighted that gelotophobia needs to be studied in the context of related variables (such as timidity, shame-proneness and social anxiety), and research should focus on the time span in which this fear is most prevalent. The relevance of gelotophobia for humor theory, research and practice is highlighted and new areas of research are introduced. Among the latter the role of gelotophobia at work and in relation to life trajectories is discussed.

Psychological studies of humor have been attracting the attention of personality researchers since long, but the recent focus on humor first as a transcendental character strength , and lately as an emotional one has opened up new prospects for investigating humor as a likely aspect of the implicit personality assessment. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that different forms and styles of humor manifestation can be indicative of both the level of virtuousness, the personality possesses, and the level of the emotional properties, attained by the individual in the course of personality development. Using the method of cluster analysis a sample of 125 participants was split into the opposite clusters (K-means algorithm) first on the variables of different humor styles and laughter-related categories in combination with the personality variables indicative of virtuousness, and thenin combination with a set of the emotional character strengths. Findings: the clusters opposite on the level of virtuousness appeared to differ significantly only on the adaptive (affiliative and self-enhancing) humor styles and gelotophobia, while the second clustering revealed differences in all the forms and styles of humor manifestation (including aggressive and self-defeating humor, gelotophobia, gelotophilia and katagelasticism). Taken the Dark Triad Trait variables as well as those of the psychological well-being were also controlled in the first clustering, the results suggest that humor can comprehensively predict individual differences.

Аннотация
Работа посвящена изучению взаимосвязи полноты понимания комических текстов и выраженности гелотофобии у лиц с разным уровнем психометрического интеллекта (IQ). Объект исследования – процесс понимания вербального юмора у испытуемых с различным уровнем IQ. На подготовительном этапе исследования для контроля уровня интеллекта (N = 69; 45 женщин; 18 – 55 лет; M = 31,8; SD = 12,6) была использована методика «Стандартные прогрессивные матрицы» Дж. Равена. По ее результатам часть испытуемых (N = 40, 25 женщин; 18 –55 лет; M = 34; SD = 11) была отобрана для участия во втором этапе исследования. Испытуемые были разделены на 2 группы, с более низким и более высоким уровнем IQ на основе медианы (М = 122; SD = 5). Далее испытуемым предъявлялась серия из 7 вербальных шуток различного уровня сложности (Щербакова, 2009), и на их основе проводились глубинные полуструктурированные интервью для оценки полноты когнитивного и эмоционального понимания каждой шутки. Выраженность гелотофобии участников оценивалась с помощью опросника PhoPhiKat<30> (Иванова и др., 2016). Для проверки согласованности оценок экспертов использовался коэффициент конкордантности Кенделла, для проверки основной гипотезы – линейный коэффициент корреляция Пирсона. Показано, что величина взаимосвязи между выраженностью гелотофобии и полнотой
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понимания вербального юмора не различается у групп испытуемых с разным уровнем интеллекта. Выявлены сложности с пониманием вербальных комических текстов у молодых и взрослых людей.

Abstract
This study was aimed at testing the prediction about the correlation between understanding of verbal comic texts (jokes) and level of gelotophobia in individuals with different levels of psychometric intelligence (IQ). The object of study was the process of verbal humor understanding in subjects with different levels of IQ. At the first stage of the study, the J. Raven’ Standard Progressive Matrices test was administered to participants to (N = 69; 45 women; 18–55 years; M = 31.8; SD = 12.6) in order to control their level of intelligence. According to the results, a number of subjects (N = 40, 25 women; 18–55 years old; M = 34; SD = 11) were selected to participate in the second stage of the study. These subjects were divided into 2 groups (with lower and higher IQ levels) in according to the median (M = 122; SD = 5). Next, the subjects were administered a set of 7 verbal jokes of various levels of complexity (Shcherbakova, 2009) that were a starting point for deep semi-structured interviews. Two independent experts used interview protocols to assess the levels of cognitive and emotional understanding of each joke. The level of participants' gelotophobia was assessed using the PhoPhiKat <30> questionnaire (Ivanova et al., 2016). To test the consistency of the experts' scores, the Kendell coefficient of concordance was used, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test the main hypothesis. It was shown that the magnitude of the correlation between the level of gelotophobia and the levels understanding of verbal humor did not differ in groups of subjects with different IQ levels. It was revealed that difficulties with understanding of verbal humor in young adults.

Research on gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) has come a long way since the first empirical studies published in 2008. Based on a review of the findings on gelotophobia, its structure, causes and consequences, updates to the model are introduced emphasizing the context of the fear and its dynamic nature. More precisely, external and internal factors are seen to moderate the effects of initial events on gelotophobia, and a spiral nature in the development of the fear is assumed. It is highlighted that gelotophobia needs to be studied in the context of related variables (such as timidity, shame-proneness and social anxiety), and research should focus on the time span in which this fear is most prevalent. The relevance of gelotophobia for humor theory, research and practice is highlighted and new areas of research are introduced. Among the latter the role of gelotophobia at work and in relation to life trajectories is discussed.

This study aimed to test a hypothesis about the correlation between levels of gelotophobia, gelotophilia, and katagelasticism and understanding of Internet memes as a specific form of humour. Participants were 45 native speakers of Russian (aged 18 – 30; 73,3 % female). The levels of Internet memes understanding were assessed independently by two judges with the use of criteria based on the results of a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews. Gelotophobia, gelotophilia, and katagelasticism were assessed with PhoPhiKat &lt;30&gt; questionnaire. J. Raven’s “Standard Progressive Matrices” test was used to control the level of psychometric intelligence. Concordance of judges’ scores for the understanding of memes was assessed with Kendall’s W and ranged from 0.71 to 0.84. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test the main hypothesis. We found no correlation between the scores for gelotophobia, gelotophilia, and katagelasticism and understanding of Internet memes. P...