Fundamentals of Nursing

Objective: Bruising that result from heparin injections increases patients’ anxiety and reduces their confidence in nurses’ efficiency, resulting in refusal to further injections This undesired effect can be diminished using the proper technique and taking a few simple measures. This study aimed to examine the effect of applying pressure for a minute on bruising in subcutaneous heparin injection. Methods: The study, experimental study with a control group, was conducted at an orthopedic clinic. The sample consisted of 49 patients who agreed to participate in this study and to whom heparin was injected subcutaneously. Experimental and control practices were performed on the abdominal area of the same patient using the same amount of heparin. The study data were collected using an information form, subcutaneous heparin observation form, and Opsite Flexigrid assessment tool. The data analysis was performed using percentage distribution, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results...

Introduction: The toddler years are a golden period for growth and development. One effort that parents can make to help improve the quality of their baby's sleep is by doing massage. Babies who get a massage will be able to sleep soundly, so that when they wake up their concentration is full. This study aims to prove whether there is a difference in quality of sleep among babies aged 3-12 months before and after a baby massage’s at Muhammadiyah Gresik Hospital, Indonesia.
Methods: This research used a Pre-Experimental Design One Group Pre-Post Test Design using a sample of 34 subjects selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data instrument is in the form of an observation sheet before and after the massage. The variable measured in this study was improving the quality of the baby's sleep. Wilcoxon sign rank test analysis obtained a p value = 0.000.
Results: In babies aged 3-12 months before the baby massage was carried out, the results showed that the majority of babies experienced good quality sleep, 18 (53%) babies, and after the massage, the majority of babies experienced good quality sleep, 25 (74%) babies.
Conclusions: There are differences in quality of sleep among babies aged 3-12 months before and after baby massage in the baby massage class at Muhammadiyah Gresik Hospital, Indonesia. The importance of the influence of sleep on infant development because sleep is a physiological process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness. Sleep has enormous benefits for their growth and development and optimizes their brain development, because sleep activity is one of the stimuli for the process of brain growth and development. Further research involves a larger number of samples is highly suggested

Rasa nyeri merupakan pengalaman yang tidak menyenangkan bagi kehidupan
seseorang. Definisi nyeri terbaik datang dari Margo McCaffery, seorang perawat ahli nyeri
yang dikenal secara internasional. Definisi nyeri yang sering dikutip olehnya adalah "nyeri
adalah apa pun yang dikatakan seseorang, dan selalu ada kapan pun ia mengatakannya"
(Pasero & McCaffery, 2011, hal. 21).
Definisi ini tentunya menggambarkan betapa subjektifnya rasa sakit. Definisi nyeri
lain yang disepakati secara luas adalah “pengalaman sensorik dan emosional yang tidak
menyenangkan terkait dengan kerusakan jaringan aktual atau potensial, atau dijelaskan
dalam istilah kerusakan tersebut. Tiga aspek dari definisi ini mempunyai implikasi penting
bagi perawat. Pertama, rasa sakit adalah pengalaman fisik dan emosional, tidak semuanya
terjadi di tubuh atau di pikiran. Kedua, memang demikian sebagai respons terhadap
kerusakan jaringan aktual atau potensial, sehingga laporan laboratorium atau radiografi
mungkin tidak abnormal meskipun terdapat rasa sakit yang nyata. Terakhir, nyeri
dijelaskan dalam istilah kerusakan tersebut (misalnya nyeri neuropatik). ” (International
Association for the Study of Pain [IASP], 2012)

Stroke is a condition of the central nervous system that is pathological due to blood circulation disorders. Instant and practical changes in people's lifestyles have resulted in people becoming more lazy to do activities and live a healthy lifestyle. After having a stroke, 60-70% of patients experience impaired upper motor function. This situation requires immediate rehabilitation, so that upper motor function can recover soon. Upper limb motor recovery can occur due to the provision of exercises such as mobilization (Passive ROM) and tactile stimulation. This case study aims to analyze mobilization interventions (Passive ROM) and tactile stimulation on upper limb recovery. The research design used is a case study, a sample of 1 client. The approach used is the nursing care approach which includes the identification of data from the results of the assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation. Active passive ROM therapy and tactile stimulation were carried out for 3 days. Data collection techniques used the Medical Surgical Nursing Care assessment format, observation and literature study. Measuring tool used is to use a scale of muscle strength. The results obtained nursing problems that arise are the risk of cerebral perfusion and impaired physical mobility. After the therapy, it was seen that the patient's left finger was able to fully grip the ball and the leg could be moved independently from scale 2 to scale 3. Even though there were no significant changes because the therapy was only carried out for 3 days, it is hoped that the family must know how to do this therapy, so that they can continue therapy at home when the client returns.

Di antara berbagai posisi menembak, berdiri merupakan posisi yang paling tidak stabil, karena memiliki ukuran yang kecil pada area pendukung dan pusat gravitasinya tinggi. Untuk membuat posisi stabil, kita perlu memiliki rasa keseimbangan dan kontrol otot yang luar biasa. Otot harus relatif rileks, tetapi pada saat yang sama waktu, mereka perlu memberi kita stabilitas yang dibutuhkan. Untuk mengambil posisi berdiri, penembak harus berdiri dengan sudut hampir 90 derajat ke arah kanan target. Jarak antar kaki harus selebar bahu. Jarak ini tergantung pada ketinggian menembak, bentuk tubuhnya, kekuatan otot, dll.

Purpose: The current study was made with the objective of determining the effect of group training implemented on hemodialysis patients for their stress management, psychosocial adjustment and self-care strength.Method and Material: The single group pre-experiment model with pre-test – post-test was used. The participants were selected from a group of 100 patients who were undergoing treatment in 2011, at the Hemodialysis Units of two state hospitals in North Cyprus. The sampling composed of 90 patients who met the screening criteria and fully consented to take part in the study conducted between January 2011 and June 2011. The researcher collected data before training and 3 months after training by using the Patient Sociodemographic Characteristics Form, Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-Self-Report, Self-care Strength Evaluation Scale and the Hemodialysis Stressor Scale.Results: It was observed that as the stressors increased in hemodialysis patients, the self-care strength...

BackgroundHeparin is an anticoagulant medication that is usually injected subcutaneously. Subcutaneous administration of heparin may result in complications such as bruising, haematoma, and pain at the injection site. One of the factors that may affect pain, haematoma, and bruising is injection speed. Several studies have been carried out to determine if speed of injection affects the amount of pain and bruising where the injection is given; however, the results of these studies have differed, and study authors have not reached a clear final conclusion. This is the second update of a review first published in 2014.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of duration (speed) of subcutaneous heparin injection on pain and bruising at the injection site in people admitted to hospitals or clinics who require treatment with unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). We also looked at haematoma at the injection site.Search methodsThe Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Cochrane Vascular Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov trials registers to 22 June 2020. We undertook reference checking of included studies to identify additional studies.Selection criteriaWe searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of different durations of subcutaneous injection of heparin on pain, bruising, and haematoma at the injection site.Data collection and analysisFor this update, two review authors independently selected studies and extracted data via Covidence software and assessed methodological quality using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. The primary outcomes of interest were pain intensity at injection site and size and incidence of bruising. The secondary outcomes of interest were size and incidence of haematoma at injection site. We calculated the odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD), or standardised mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE criteria.Main resultsWe identified one new study for this update, resulting in a total of five included studies with 503 participants who received subcutaneous injections of LMWH into the abdomen. Given the nature of the intervention, it was not possible to blind participants and caregivers (personnel) in any of the included studies. Two studies described blinding of outcome assessors. Overall, the methodological quality of included studies was moderate. The duration of the fast injection was 10 seconds, and the duration of the slow injection was 30 seconds in all included studies.Four studies reported site pain intensity after each injection at different time points. Two studies assessed site pain intensity immediately after each injection; meta‐analysis showed no evidence of a difference in site pain intensity immediately after slow injection when compared to fast injection (MD −1.52, 95% CI −3.56 to 0.53; 140 participants; low‐certainty evidence). Meta‐analysis of three studies indicated that site pain intensity may be slightly reduced 48 hours after the slow heparin injection compared to fast injection (MD −1.60, 95% CI −2.69 to −0.51; 103 participants; low‐certainty evidence).Five studies assessed bruise size at 48 hours, and two studies assessed bruise size at 60 hours. Meta‐analysis showed there may be a reduction in bruise size 48 hours (SMD −0.54, 95% CI −1.05 to −0.02; 503 participants; 5 studies; very low‐certainty evidence) and 60 hours (SMD −0.49, 95% CI −0.93 to −0.06; 84 participants; 2 studies; low‐certainty evidence) after slow injection compared to fast injection. There was no evidence of a difference in bruise size 72 hours after slow injection compared to fast injection (SMD −0.27, 95% CI −0.61 to 0.06; 140 participants; 2 studies; low‐certainty evidence).Three studies evaluated incidence of bruising and showed there may be a reduction in bruise incidence 48 hours (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.60; 444 participants; low‐certainty evidence) and 60 hours (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.65; 84 participants; 2 studies; low‐certainty evidence) after slow injection compared to fast injection. We downgraded the certainty of the evidence due to risk of bias concerns, imprecision, and inconsistency.None of the included studies measured size or incidence of haematoma.Authors' conclusionsAdministering medication safely and enhancing patient comfort are the main aims of clinical nurses. In this review, we identified five RCTs that evaluated the effect of subcutaneous heparin injection duration on pain intensity, bruise size and incidence. We found that pain may be slightly reduced 48 hours after slow injection. Similarly, there may be a reduction in bruise size and incidence after slow injection compared to fast injection 48 and 60 hours postinjection. We downgraded the certainty of the evidence for all outcomes to low or very low due to risk of bias concerns, imprecision, and inconsistency. Accordingly, new trials with a more robust design, more participants, and a focus on different injection speeds will be useful in strengthening the certainty of the available evidence.

The aim of the study was to determine the challenges experienced by nursing students in the clinical learning environment and their suggestions. Method: The study was carried out with 249 nursing students between November 2019 and March 2020 at a university in Turkey using a 62-item questionnaire developed by the researchers. Results: 49.8% of the participants experienced challenges during clinical practice that are related to the nurses (37.5%), the hospital (27.0%), and theoretical education (13.5%), and they believe that their challenges could be partially resolved (46.6%). 70.7% of the participants stated that they could partially transfer what they learned in the classroom to their clinical practice. All the participants who reported an event that affected them in the clinic (67.5%) gave an example of a negative event and most of these events were related to the attitudes and behaviors of the nurses. Their suggestions for better clinical practice were to increase the number of practice lessons and more innovative and technology-based training methods used in accordance with the technological developments of the digital age. Conclusions: There are considerable challenges and obstacles that nursing students face in the clinical learning environment that can affect their competence and learning. It can be said that new technological and innovative teaching techniques should be developed to overcome these obstacles and challenges.

Angka kesakitan anak di perkotaan relative lebih tinggi dibandingkan di pedesaan. Sekolah terlibat dalam penyelenggaraan kesehatan pada anak. Pencapaian angka partisipasi murni SD paling tinggi dibanding yang lain. Pemeriksaan fisik pada anak usia sekolah diperlukan untuk mendeteksi secara dini adanya masalah kesehatan pada anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran hasil pemeriksaan fisik anak usia sekolah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif observasional. Teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini adalah total sampling dengan sampel sejumlah 59 anak usia sekolah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan fisik secara lansung kepada responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden kelas 3 SD (22%) dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki (59,3%). Hasil pemeriksaan antopometri didapatkan rata-rata berat badan (32,94 vs 28,71), tinggi badan (131, 94 vs 129,79), IMT (32,94 vs 28,71) dan lingkar lengan atas (20,72 vs 19,0...

Abstrak: Buta warna adalah gangguan kesehatan yang pada beberapa profesi bisa mempengaruhi kapasitas dan keselamatan kerja. Permasalahan mitra adalah beberapa profesi ataupun pendidikan tinggi yang menjadi tujuan program keahlian siswa mereka, menjadikan buta warna sebagai salah satu syarat masuk. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah membantu mitra mendeteksi dini buta warna pada siswa, sehingga siswa yang terdeteksi buta warna bisa diarahkan untuk memilih jurusan yang tidak mensyaratkan buta warna dalam pekerjaan atau studi lanjut. Metode pemeriksaan buta warna yang digunakan adalah metode Ishihara dengan 14 plate. Pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Kota Tarakan, pada 03 Desember 2022 oleh dua dosen sebagai tim pemeriksa. Peserta sebanyak 36 siswa laki-laki dari kelas XII. Hasil pemeriksaan buta didapatkan dari 36 siswa, 34 (94%) siswa normal (tidak buta warna) dan 2 (6%) siswa mengalami buta warna parsial. Rekomendasi: siswa yang mengalami buta warna parsial dir...

Abstrak: Buta warna adalah gangguan kesehatan yang pada beberapa profesi bisa mempengaruhi kapasitas dan keselamatan kerja. Permasalahan mitra adalah beberapa profesi ataupun pendidikan tinggi yang menjadi tujuan program keahlian siswa mereka, menjadikan buta warna sebagai salah satu syarat masuk. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah membantu mitra mendeteksi dini buta warna pada siswa, sehingga siswa yang terdeteksi buta warna bisa diarahkan untuk memilih jurusan yang tidak mensyaratkan buta warna dalam pekerjaan atau studi lanjut. Metode pemeriksaan buta warna yang digunakan adalah metode Ishihara dengan 14 plate. Pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Kota Tarakan, pada 03 Desember 2022 oleh dua dosen sebagai tim pemeriksa. Peserta sebanyak 36 siswa laki-laki dari kelas XII. Hasil pemeriksaan buta didapatkan dari 36 siswa, 34 (94%) siswa normal (tidak buta warna) dan 2 (6%) siswa mengalami buta warna parsial. Rekomendasi: siswa yang mengalami buta warna parsial dir...

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Ms Bharati Saikia (SUSON Senior Tutor/Lecturer)
to me
1 minute agoDetails
Introduction
World Health Organization (WHO)/World Health Statistics data shows that 40.1% of pregnant women worldwide were anemic in 2016. India ranks 170 out of 180 countries for anaemia among women, according to global nutrition survey, 2016. Anemia during pregnancy affects both mother’s and her child’s health.

Objective To find out the proportion of persistent anemia and its associated factors and also to explore the reasons for persistent anemia among the 3rd trimester mothers attending antenatal clinics in tertiary care hospital, Puducherry


Methodology
A mixed method study was designed to collect data from 217 by using purposive sampling technique. A validated self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the reasons for persistent anemia comprising of socio-demographic, obstetrics factors, health related factor, and adherence factors. Chi square test was used to find association between socio-demographic variables with other associated factors.

Results
Among 217,around 69.8 % of study subjects were anemic in 1st trimester and 71.5% were anemic in the second trimester.The prevalence of anemia among third trimester pregnant mothers was 61.3% (54.4-67.3). Among the third trimester anemic mother 67% were found to have persistent anemia (p<0.001). There was significant association between education, (p<0.001), occupation (p<0.001), anemia in 1st trimester (p0.02), anemia in 2nd trimester (p<0.001). The reasons behind persistent anemia were found to be knowledge deficit, forgetfulness of tablets, low socio-economic status, less knowledge on iron inhibitors and enhancers, bitterness and side effects of tablets.


Conclusion
The proportion of persistent anemia among 3rd trimester pregnant women was high in our study and also seen is various studies in different parts of the country. This continuing high burden of anemia could be mainly due to lack of education and uncorrected anemia in their pregnancy which resulted into persistent anemia.

Keywords: Antenatal Mothers, haemoglobin, third trimester

Studi ini mengembangkan pendekatan untuk mengekstrak ciri warna sebagai referensi utama untuk mendeteksi area objek yang bergerak dalam video. Video dalam proyek ini memuat rekaman denyut jantung ikan Oryzias Celebencis yang masih dalam rupa embrio. Metode yang diusulkan pertama-tama melakukan penapisan frame berwarna dalam ruang RGB memakai filter median dan bilateral. Lalu, frame yang telah ditapis menjalani proses konversi ke ruang warna abu-abu. Pada titik ini, frame keabuan akan diurai memakai pendekatan kuantil, ke segmen-segemen warna pembentuknya. Segemen ini dideteksi keberadaan pergerakan objek didalamnya sekaligus disertai dengan perhitungan denyutannya yang timbul berdasarkan pelebaran/penyusutan region objek saat proses pemompaan darah oleh jantung. Metode yang diajukan mampu mengekstrak objek bergerak dalam video dengan IoU sebesar 85% luasan area objek yang bergerak. Penelitian ini berhasil mendeteksi jantung dengan MSE sebesar 0,5; lebih kecil jika dibandingkan denga...

Pemeriksaan fisik adalah metode pengumpulan data yang sistematik dengan memakai indera penglihatan, pendengaran, penciuman, dan rasa untuk mendeteksi masalah kesehatan klien.Untuk pemeriksaan fisik perawat menggunakan teknik inspeksi, auskultasi, palpasi, dan perkusi. 2. Pemeriksaan tanda vital. Pemeriksaan tanda vital merupakan bagian dari data dasar yang dikumpulkan oleh perawat selama pengkajian. Perawat mengkaji tanda vital kapan saja klien masuk ke bagian perawatan kesehatan. Tanda vital dimasukkan ke pengkajian fisik secara menyeluruh atau diukur satu persatu untuk mengkaji kondisi klien. Penetapan data dasar dari tanda vital

Insidens Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Tipe-1 pada anak di dunia dan Indonesia terus meningkat. Berdasarkan data Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI), tercatat 1220 dengan DM tipe-1 pada tahun 2018. Kesadaran masyarakat dan tenaga kesehatan mengenai DM pada anak masih rendah, yang direfleksikan melalui tingginya angka anak yang terdiagnosis dengan DM tipe-1 saat mengalami ketoasidosis diabetikum mencapai 71% pada tahun 2017. Berdasarkan pedoman IDAI, terdapat lima pilar penanganan DM tipe-1 pada anak: injeksi insulin, pemantauan gula darah, nutrisi, aktivitas fisik, dan edukasi. IDAI merekomendasikan insulin minimal dua kali per hari menggunakan insulin basal dan kerja cepat. Pemantauan gula darah mandiri dilakukan minimal 4-6 kali per hari. Keterlibatan pemegang kebijakan, termasuk pemerintah, dan dukungan masyarakat dibutuhkan agar anak dengan DM tipe 1 tertangani dengan baik.

Setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran tentang pengkajian fisik sistem respirasi, mahasiswa mampu melakukan prosedur tindakan pengkajian fisik sistem respirasi dengan benar dan tepat. 2. Deskripsi : Pememeriksaan yang dilakukan secara fokus pada sistem respirasi. 3. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui kelainan-kelainan yang terjadi pada setiap kasus penyakit yang menyangkut sistem respirasi. 4. Indikasi &Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan : a. Indikasi : Dilakukan untuk memeriksa kasus penyakit pada klien dengan gangguan sistem respirasi. b. Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan 1) Jaga privasi klien 2) Pemeriksaan harus terorganisasi dengan baik untuk menghemat tenaga klien. 3) Klien mungkin batuk dan bersin selama pemeriksaan, oleh karena itu gunakan Alat Pelindung Diri yang tepat.

Background: Safe administration of subcutaneous injection is the major role of nurses to reduce complications such as bruising, pain and hematoma at injection site which requires better nursing skill. As a modified technique of administering slow LMWH injection may reduce these complications. Materials and methods: The present randomized control trial consisted of 90 subjects admitted to selected ICUs of DMCH, Ludhiana (Punjab) selected by convenience sampling were treated with subcutaneous LMWH injection. The total180 injection sites of abdomen (Left & Right side around umbilicus) were randomly assigned by lottery method into experimental arm site (injection given in within 30 sec.) and control arm site (injection given within 10 sec.). VAS and NPR scale were used to assess the site pain intensity and circle master ruler to measure extent of bruising at 0 hour, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h in both arm sites. Results: Out of 90 subjects mean age was 51.94 ±19.49). The mean difference in site pain intensity at 0 hour as per VAS and NPR was significant (p=0.00) in both arm sites. Additionally, there was a significant difference on extent of bruising at12 h,24 h and 48 h in both arm sites (p=0.00). Conclusion: According to results, slow injection was more effective in reducing site pain and bruise than fast LMWH injection.

The beverage bottle consists of several parts. There are mouth, neck, shoulders and body of the beverage bottle. This study aims to modeled the shape of the beverage bottles use Bezier curves with degrees less than or equal to six (n ≤ 6), for obtain a varied and symmetrical shape of the beverage bottles. This research method are divided into several stages. First, modeled the mouth of the beverage bottle. Second, modeled the neck of the beverage bottle. Third, modeled the body of the beverage bottle. Fifth, combined the parts of the beverage bottle. The results of this study was obtained a procedure for modeled varied and symmetrical beverage bottles using Bezier curves with degrees less than or equal to six (n ≤ 6). Keywords: Beverage Bottle, Bezier Curve, Computer Aided Geometric Design

Latar Belakang: Penurunan pengembangan sangkar thoraks, penurunan aktivitas dan penurunan endurance karena PPOK di RS Khusus Paru Respira sebesar 40% dengan umur di atas 50 tahun dari 270 pasien, di RS PKU Bantul dan RS PKU Kota 10% dari 30 pasien PPOK. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh penambahan stretching intercostalis dan latihan mobilisasi sangkar thoraks terhadap pengembangan thoraks pada pasien PPOK. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi-experimental dengan pre and post test two group design. Jumlah sampel 10 orang dibagi 2 kelompok. Kelompok I latihan mobilisasi sangkar thoraks dan kelompok II stretching intercostalis dan latihan mobilisasi sangkar thoraks selama 6 minggu, 2 kali seminggu, diukur menggunakan midline menggunakan uji paired sample t-test, wilcoxon, independent t-test dan mann-whitney Hasil: Ada pengaruh latihan mobilisasi sangkar thoraks terhadap peningkatan pengembangan thoraks pada pasien PPOK pada intercostal tiga (p=0,001), thoraks lima (p=0,0...

Objective: This study aimed to assess the life quality, comfort and anxiety levels of family caregivers of cancer patients in Turkey. Methods: The study population consisted of first degree relatives caring for cancer patients who went to the adult unit of a Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Hospital in a University to receive ambulatory chemotherapy (n=85). The study data were collected by using the Individual Description Form, the Scale of Quality of Life-Family Version (QOL-FV), General Comfort Scale (GCQ) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: It was determined that the family members had an age average of 41.31±12.60 (min-max: 19-64) and a caring duration of 13.17±9.07 months. 54.1% were women, 44.7% workers and 70.6% married. Total score averages of family members caring for cancer patients were determined as follows; QOL-FV; 164.51±56.32, GCQ; 2.62±0.44, BAI; 16.49±14.09. Conclusions: It was determined that family members caring for cancer patients have a moderate ...

Amaç: Bu çalışma Türk hemşirelik lisans öğrencilerinin eğitimleri sırasında yaşadıkları stres düzeylerini ve stresi etkileyebilecek bazı sosyodemografik değişkenleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntemler: Araştırma tanımlayıcı kesitsel olarak 821 öğrenci ile yapılmıştır. Veriler, bilgi formu ve Hemşirelik Eğitimi Stres Ölçeği (Stress in Nurse Education Questionnaire-SINE) ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: SINE'nin alt boyutları olan akademik stres ve uygulama stresi toplam puan ortalamaları birbirine yakın olmasına karşın akademik stres biraz daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Klinik stresle ilgili de acı çeken bir hastayı izlemek en çok stres yaratan durum olarak belirlenmiştir. Klinik uygulamada öğretim elemanı tarafından eleştirilmek ve bakım verirken hata yapma korkusu öğrencilerin en çok raporladığı diğer klinik stres faktörleri arasındadır. Öğrencilerin okudukları okullara, cinsiyete göre ve algılanan akademik başarıya göre SINE toplam ve alt boyutları puan ortalamaları arasındaki farkın anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin akademik stresleri arasında en çok sınavlara hazırlanmak, sınavlara girmek ve değerlendirilme endişesi gelmektedir. Klinik stresleri olarak acı çeken bir hastayı izlemek, öğretim elemanı tarafından eleştirilmek ve bakım verirken hata yapma korkusu belirlenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Stres, hemşirelik eğitimi, hemşirelik öğrencileri, hemşirelik eğitimi stres ölçeği Objective: This study was determined Turkish nursing undergraduates may affect stress levels and stress they experience during their studies to determine the socio-demographic variables. Methods: This study, which descriptive cross-sectional in design study was completed with 821 students. The data was collected using the, information, forms and Stress in Nurse Education Questionnaire-SINE are collected. Results: Although average total scores of academic stress and practical stress, which are subdimensions of SINE, were close to each other, the score of academic stress was found to be a bit higher. Monitoring a suffering patient with regard to clinical stress was determined as the most stress-inducing situation. Being criticized by an instructor in clinic practice and fear of making a mistake while providing care were among other clinic stressors mostly reported by students. The difference between average subdimension and total scores for SINE according to universities in which students studied, gender, and perceived academic achievement was found to be significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Preparing for exams, sitting for exams, and anxiety for being evaluated were the major academic stressors of nursing students. Monitoring a suffering patient, being criticized by an instructor, and fear of making a mistake while providing care were determined as clinic stressors.

Penilaian kekuatan berbagai otot memerlukan pengetahuan fungsi berbagai kelompok otot. Suatu corak gerakan volunter terdiri dari kontraksi berbagai kelompok otot. Bila sekelompok otot terkontraksi, otot-otot antagonisnya harus ikut berkontraksi, sehingga suatu

Penerapan jaringan area tubuh nirkabel dalam ruangan khususnya pada intensive care unit (ICU) rumah sakit menggunakan media transmisi secara nirkabel yang mana pertukaran data pada sistem komunikasi nirkabel dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor lingkungan yang dinamis. Hal ini dapat memengaruhi propagasi dalam kanal radionya dan faktor-faktor tersebut dapat berupa suhu, kelembaban, dan objek-objek yang dapat menyebabkan pantulan, sehingga terjadi lintasan jamak pada kanal propagasi yang berada pada dalam ruangan tersebut, sehingga dihasilkan kanal yang dinamis dan perlu dilakukan karaterisasi kanal agar didapatkan perancangan sistem komunikasi yang optimal. Dalam penelitian ini, akan dirancang pemodelan kanal dengan melakukan berbagai kemungkinan skenario khususnya saat pasien tidur pada ruangan ICU. Perancangan skenario dipertimbangkan berdasarkan dua klasifikasi orientasi, yaitu orientasi antena dan orientasi tubuh saat pasien tidur. Selanjutnya dila...

Objective: This study aimed to assess the life quality, comfort and anxiety levels of family caregivers of cancer patients in Turkey. Methods: The study population consisted of first degree relatives caring for cancer patients who went to the adult unit of a Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Hospital in a University to receive ambulatory chemotherapy (n=85). The study data were collected by using the Individual Description Form, the Scale of Quality of Life-Family Version (QOL-FV), General Comfort Scale (GCQ) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: It was determined that the family members had an age average of 41.31±12.60 (min-max: 19-64) and a caring duration of 13.17±9.07 months. 54.1% were women, 44.7% workers and 70.6% married. Total score averages of family members caring for cancer patients were determined as follows; QOL-FV; 164.51±56.32, GCQ; 2.62±0.44, BAI; 16.49±14.09. Conclusions: It was determined that family members caring for cancer patients have a moderate ...

Range of Motion (ROM) adalah gerakan yang dalam keadaan normal dapat dilakukan oleh sendi yang bersangkutan. Tujuan Bertujuan untuk mempertahankan atau memelihara kekuatan otot, memelihara mobilitas persendian, merangsang sirkulasi darah, dan mencegah kelainan bentuk.

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan skala keseimbangan, mata, wajah, tangan dan bicara (KEM-WATABI) terhadap kemampuan psychomotor kader posyandu lansia dalam melakukan skrining stroke di desa Darungan, Pare, Kediri. Penelitian menggunakan desain pre eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group pre-post-test design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kader posyandu lansia sebanyak 24 kader, melalui teknik purposive sampling didapatkan subjek penelitian sebanyak 16 kader. Subjek diberikan pelatihan mulai dari sesi 1 sampai 6 yang terdiri atas kegiatan pemberian materi, demonstrasi, praktik skrining stroke pada lansia. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan kader adalah lembar observasi. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh subjek (100%) memiliki kemampuan psychomotor dalam tingkatan tidak mampu pada pre-test, hasil post-test menunjukkan 13 kader (81,25%) berada pada tingkatan mampu dan 3 kade...

People with damaged or injured plexus brachialis need immediate therapy after the surgery, as an effort to restore the nerves function, even thou it is hard to achieve. But, continuous treatment may prevent the muscle to become stiff and shrink. So, patient needs assistive device to be used at home for regular self therapy. Physical therapy method was chose to be developed in this research because of lower risk than electrical therapy. This assistive device is designed in two modes, manual and automatic, and it is limited to fingers movement of adult&#39;s right hand. Manual mode is focusing to 1 finger movement, while automatic mode will move the five fingers consecutively. The movement procedure is imitated those given in the clinic, by controlling the speed and angle rotation of a dc servo motor and certain design of lever for each finger. This assistive device works effectively for a certain fingers size. It takes 5.29 sec to finish one cycle in automatic mode, and about 2 sec i...

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of music, which they were made listen to, on the sleep quality and vital signs of the patients with chronic renal failure who are getting hemodialysis treatment. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : This study was planned as a randomized controlled and experimental clinical study which conducted between the dates of March 15-November 30, 2010 in the nephrology service. In total, 70 patients, who were suitable for the sample selection criteria and who gave consent to participate in the study, were included in the research sample; 35 of them being experimental group patients, and 35 of them being control group patients. The sample size was calculated with power analysis. Individual introduction questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) which measures the sleep quality, and patient monitoring form for monitoring the findings, were used in the collection of data. Experimental group patients were listened to Turkish Art Music for 30 minutes for 4 days in the evening before they go to sleep. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse rates and breathing rates were measured and recorded for 4 days before (0. min) and just after the music (30. min). Sleep quality was evaluated by using PSQI. In patients in the control group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse rates and breathing rates were measured and recorded for 4 days in the 0. and 30. minutes for this group by considering the hour in the experimental group after (30.min) and before (0. min) the patients were listened to music in that group. PSQI was reapplied after 4 days from the first interview, and the quality of sleep was reevaluated. R Re e-s su ul lt ts s: : In the patients in the experimental group, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse and breathing rates show a decrease in the 30. minute just after they were being listened to music for 4 days. The mean PSQI score of the patients in the experimental group at the end of the 4 th day (5.97±1.20) was found to be lower than their mean PSQI score at the 1 st day (9.80±1.57). The mean PSQI score of the patients in the control group at the end of the the 4 th day (10.97±1.76) was found to be higher than their mean PSQI score at the 1 st day (9.86±1.87). C Co on n-c cl lu us si io on n: : Music theraphy may be used as an efficient intervention which decreases vital signs and increases the sleep quality in the patients who are getting hemodialysis treatment. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Music therapy; sleep; vital signs; kidney failure, chronic; renal dialysis Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Bu çalışmanın amacı, hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan kronik böbrek yetersizliği olan hastalara dinletilen müziğin hastaların uyku kalitesi ve yaşam bulgularına etkisini incelemektir. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Bu çalışma, randomize kontrollü ve deneysel bir klinik çalışma olarak planlanmıştır. Araştırma, 15 Mart-30 Ekim 2010 tarihleri arasında nefroloji servisinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklem seçim ölçütlerine uyan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 35 deney (müzik dinletilen), 35 kontrol (müzik dinletilmeyen) grubu hastası olmak üzere toplam 70 hasta çalışmaya alınmıştır. Örneklem büyüklüğü, power analizi ile hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında birey tanıtım formu, uyku kalitesini ölçmek için Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ) ve yaşamsal bulguların takibi için hasta izlem formu kullanılmıştır. Deney grubundaki hastalara 4 gün boyunca, uyumadan önce 30 dk süresince Türk Sanat Müziği dinletilmiştir. Deney grubundaki hastaların 4 gün boyunca her gün, müzik dinletmeden önce (0. dakika), müzik dinletildikten hemen sonra (30. dakika) sistolik ve diyastolik kan basıncı, nabız hızı ve solunum hızı değerleri ölçülüp kaydedilmiştir. Uyku kalitesi PUKİ kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kontrol grubundaki hastalara 4 gün boyunca deney grubundaki hastaların müzik dinletildikten sonraki (30. dk) ve dinletilmeden önceki (0. dk) saat göz önünde bulundurularak 0., ve 30. dakikalarda sistolik ve diyastolik kan basıncı, nabız hızı ve solunum hızı değerleri ölçülüp kaydedilmiştir. İlk görüşmeden 4 gün sonra PUKİ tekrar uygulanarak, uyku kalitesi tekrar değerlendirilmiştir. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Deney grubundaki hastalarda, müzik dinletildikten hemen sonra 30. dakikada 4 gün boyunca, sistolik ve diastolik kan basıncı, nabız ve solunum hızı değerleri düşüş göstermiştir. Deney grubundaki hastaların 4. günün sonundaki PUKİ puan ortalaması (5,97±1,20), 1. gündeki PUKİ puan ortalamasına (9,80±1,57) göre düşük bulunmuştur. Kontrol grubundaki hastaların ise 4. günün sonundaki PUKİ puan ortalaması (10,97±1,76), 1. gündeki PUKİ puan ortalamasına (9,86±1,87) göre yüksek bulunmuştur. S So on nu uç ç: : Müzik tedavisi hemodiyaliz tedavisi olan hastalarda yaşam bulgularını azaltan ve uyku kalitesini arttıran etkili bir girişim olarak kullanılabilir. A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er r: : Müzik terapisi; uyku; yaşam bulguları; böbrek yetmezliği, kronik; böbrek diyalizi T Tu ur rk ki iy ye e K Kl li in ni ik kl le er ri i

Objective: Analyzing students' experiences about clinical practice will help instructors prepare learning settings where students can have more positive experiences. The purpose of this article is to identify nursing students' views regarding their clinical placement. Method: This descriptive study was conducted with fresher's in a nursing department of university during spring term of the 2014-2015 academic year in Ankara/Turkey. The data was collected with the question forms prepared by the researchers after the final exam of the "Fundamentals of Nursing Course". 253 students were provided questionnaires to answer, which were collected after completion. Results: Students mean age was 20.2; 85.4% of them were female and 40.3% of them choose this department for employment opportunities. Students evaluated professional competence and presence of nurses, as "Good" and "Very Good" (with 80% to 90%) and, communication between nurse and patient as "Moderate" and "Bad" (with 60%). Prejudices regarding clinical practice (with 38.7%), fear of making mistake (with 55.3%), prejudices toward clinical setting (with 58.5%), and grade anxiety (with 29.2%) were stated as factors that affect clinical learning negatively. Conclusion: Students' learning was affected by healthcare professions especially nurses, they worked with, instructors as well as some factors stem from themselves (fear of making a mistake, grade anxiety).

İÇERİK
Giriş
Enfeksiyon Tipleri
Enfeksiyonun Klinik Bulguları
Enfeksiyon Hastalıklarında Süreç
Enfeksiyona Karşı Savunma Mekanizmaları
Doğal Savunma Mekanizmaları
Spesifik Savunma Mekanizmaları
Hücresel Bağışıklık
Humoral Bağışıklık
Enfeksiyon Kontrolü/Yönetimi
Sonuç
ÖĞRENME HEDEFLERİ
Enfeksiyon tiplerini tanımlama
Enfeksiyonun klinik bulgularına ilişkin örnek verme
Savunma mekanizmalarını açıklayabilme
Enfeksiyon kontrolüne ilişkin süreçleri tartışabilme
Anahtar Kelimeler
Enfeksiyon, epidemiyoloji, mikroorganizma, patojen, virülans, bağışıklık

Legal responsibility in nursing practice is the way in which the nurses are obligated to obey the law in professional activities. The objective of the present study is: to assess the level of knowledge of nurses regarding legal responsibilities towards patient care, to assess the attitude of nurses regarding legal responsibilities towards patient care, to find correlation between knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding legal responsibilities towards patient care, to find association between the knowledge of nurses regarding legal responsibilities towards patient care with socio-demographic variables, to find association between the attitude of nurses regarding legal responsibilities towards patient care with socio-demographic variables. The study was conducted in tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. The structured Knowledge Questionnaire with 30 questions was used to assess knowledge and likert scale with 10 statements was used to assess attitude on legal responsibilities of staf...