French Atlantic World

""De la guerre de Sept ans aux émancipations nationales de l’Amérique ibérique, les sociétés européennes et coloniales de l’espace atlantique connaissent une série de ruptures politiques majeures qui redessinent la carte politique des Amériques comme de l’Europe. L’hémisphère occidental se peuple de nouveaux Etats, républiques ou empires, l’un éphémère – le Mexique –, l’autre durable – le Brésil. Or, si les Révolutions américaine et française, et, depuis peu, haïtienne, ont pris toute leur place dans la séquence prestigieuse des révolutions atlantiques, les indépendances hispano-américaines et brésilienne continuent à apparaître comme des mouvements incomplets ou ratés. Ce jugement sévère ne fait pas justice à la richesse et à la complexité de ces révolutions d’indépendance qui posèrent de façon précoce la question de l’égalité civile et de l’esclavage, au sein de sociétés coloniales où les libres de couleur et les Indiens étaient souvent majoritaires.
Rassemblant des contributions de spécialistes reconnus des trois continents, L’Atlantique révolutionnaire : une perspective ibéro-américaine traduit la richesse et le dynamisme de l’historiographie actuelle sur le moment révolutionnaire ibérique et ibéro-américain. Il place le sous-continent au centre de l’attention sans pour autant négliger la question devenue classique des imbrications et des interactions impériales, aux Antilles, notamment. Inscrit dans la perspective de la nouvelle histoire atlantique, il explore les dimensions sociales, politiques et « raciales » d’un moment décisif pour la modernité politique et la construction de sociétés plurielles confrontées à la dialectique de la liberté et de l’esclavage, de l’égalité et de la discrimination. ""

This paper will describe how the books that the Franciscan Cosmographer and noted traveler André Thevet (1516–1590) is known to have owned influenced the writing of his 1557 book "The Singularities of France Antarctique." In Brazil, Thevet appeared to find an image of Paradise, his experiences on that shore were inherently informed by the long-lingering desire to recapture what was lost in humanity's Fall told in the first chapters of Genesis. This paper will demonstrate how Thevet set his account of Brazil within this tradition of Paradise in medieval European literature, and how the apparently earthly Eden which Thevet observed challenged the existing perceptions of Paradise and its possible transcendence of the terrestrial, thus its divine equation with Heaven.

In light of recent scholarship on eighteenth-century French and indigenous martial cultures, this paper uses the journal de campagne of the Marquis de Montcalm to examine cross-cultural conceptions of martial prowess and honour in the Franco-indigenous alliances of the Seven Years’ War. Through the deconstruction and decolonisation of Montcalm’s accounts, both French and indigenous notions and perspectives of these key military values are explored, exposing mutual concerns, ambitions and desires that may have had a considerable influence on the course of the alliances.

Henri Brunet was a migrant merchant who operated seasonally in French Newfoundland; based out of La Rochelle in the early 1670s and subsequently out of Boston, Brunet journeyed seasonally to Newfoundland to sell food and supplies to residents and seasonal fishermen in exchange for dried codfish. He worked principally in the French colony of Plaisance (now Placentia) and the islands of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, though he often voyaged through Placentia Bay to visit smaller settlements. He left behind an important and largely unanalyzed set of papers, which contain his journals, letters, and financial accounts. Brunet’s writing positions him in the world of North Atlantic trade as an active merchant in the fish trade to Newfoundland, and within the transatlantic networks that supported him during his time in Newfoundland. This article is written in memory of the inspiration that Jean-Pierre Chrestien provided about French colonial Newfoundland, and of his interest in the North Atlantic cod fisheries.

This essay explores the genealogy of historian and anthropologist Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s writings as related to broader trends in historical scholarship. The author suggests that it was through Silencing the Past’s acceptance and ascendance within the very North Atlantic “guild” that Trouillot deconstructs in his historical writings that the ideas of nineteenth-century Haitian historians such as Baron de Vastey, Hérard Dumesle, Beaubrun Ardouin, and Thomas Madiou produced an immeasurable influence on the direction of historical scholarship across the world. The author argues that the influence of these nineteenth-century Haitian authors can be seen everywhere in social history, especially in the concept of history from below, even though most historians in Europe and the United States have never even heard the names of these other Haitian authors.

L’installation européenne sur ce que l’on appelle alors la «Côte sauvage», tout au long du XVIIe siècle, a posé les fondements d’un environnement social, culturel, économique, qui marquera durablement la Guyane, jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Ce recueil de textes originaux voudrait contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de ce moment de l’histoire de la Guyane. Il s’ouvre au milieu des années 1620, alors que s’organisent les premières expéditions qui visent à établir des colonies dans l’île de Cayenne, sur l’Oyapock ou sur la Sinnamary. Il se clôt à la fin du XVIIe siècle, lorsque la colonie est en place et s’organise : la production agricole se développe dans les habitations sur lesquelles travaillent les esclaves africains, et les missionnaires jésuites ont entrepris la conquête des âmes indigènes.
Présentés en deux volumes et précédés d’une chronologie détaillée, beaucoup de ces textes sont inédits. Établi sur l’original manuscrit ou publié, chacun fait l’objet d’une introduction et d’un appareil de notes qui permettent au lecteur de le replacer dans son contexte historique, culturel, social, et qui en facilitent la compréhension et l’utilisation, notamment par les enseignants et les chercheurs.

The Congress of Vienna in Atlantic perspective. The Paris Conference  on the contention of the Banda Oriental

The article deals with the Paris Conference on the Banda Oriental (1816-1819), the summit which solved the question of the aforementioned region (between Uruguay and Brazil) disputed by Spain and Portugal. The Conference is taken as an effective  point of view to see how European states  acted in order to maintain or reinvent the existing political, cultural and ideological boundaries with the Hispanic-American colonies during the falling of the old empires. The research aims at investigating  these powers’ actual projection in the Atlantic space, questioning the teleological perspective on revolutions which has always given prominence to the national mobilization while neglecting other dinamics linked to the revolutions. To do so, the “reactionary” Atlantic space envisioned by Spain and the “liberal” Atlantic spaces  envisioned by France and Russia will be discussed and compared.

L’installation européenne sur ce que l’on appelle alors la « Côte sauvage », tout au long du XVIIe siècle, a posé les fondements d’un environnement social, culturel, économique, qui marquera durablement la Guyane, jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Ce recueil de textes originaux voudrait contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de ce moment de l’histoire de la Guyane. Il s’ouvre au milieu des année 1620, alors que s’organisent les premières expéditions qui visent à établir des colonies dans l’île de Cayenne, sur l’Oyapock ou sur la Sinnamary. Il se clôt à la fin du XVIIe siècle, lorsque la colonie est en place et s’organise : la production agricole se développe dans les habitations sur lesquelles travaillent les esclaves africains, et les missionnaires jésuites ont entrepris la conquête des âmes indigènes.
Présentés en deux volumes et précédés d’une chronologie détaillée, beaucoup de ces textes sont inédits. Établi sur l’original manuscrit ou publié, chacun fait l’objet d’une introduction et d’un appareil de notes qui permettent au lecteur de le replacer
dans son contexte historique, culturel, social, et qui en facilitent la compréhension et l’utilisation, notamment par les enseignants et les chercheurs.

Although historians have long recognized the importance of long-range scientific expeditions in both the practice and culture of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century science, it is less well understood how this form of scientific organization emerged and became established in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. In the late seventeenth century new European scientific institutions tried to make use of globalized trade networks for their own ends, but to do so proved difficult. This paper offers a case history of one such expedition, the voyage sponsored by the French Acade´mie royale des sciences to Gorée (in modern Senegal) and the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique in 1681–3. The voyage of Varin, Deshayes and de Glos reveals how the process of travel itself caused problems for instruments and observers alike.

Bekenntnisse von Objekten? Religiöse Praktiken von Menschen und Objekten im ländlichen Raum der Frühen Neuzeit (1500-1700) 11.04. Dr. Benedikt Brunner (Leibniz-Institut für Europäische Geschichte) Den Tod ins Leben ziehen. Protestantische Normvermittlung in lutherischen und reformierten Funeralschriften der Frühen Neuzeit 16.05. Jasper Hagedorn (Universität Bremen) The "Free Republic of Bremen" and Caribbean Slavery. Connections and Involvement around the year 1800 und Giulio Talini (Università di Napoli Federico II) Writing the History of Economic Knowledge in the French Atlantic. Chambres de commerce, Chambres d'agriculture, and the State between the Seven Years' War and the Revolution

"Science and Empire in the Atlantic World is the first book in the growing field of Atlantic Studies to examine the production of scientific knowledge in the Atlantic world from a comparative and international perspective. Rather than focusing on a specific scientific field or single national context, this collection captures the multiplicity of practices, people, languages, and agendas that characterized the traffic in knowledge around the Atlantic world, linking this knowledge to the social processes fundamental to colonialism, such as travel, trade, ethnography, and slavery."

"It is a pleasure to welcome this collection of new essays on the changing role of science in the Atlantic World...The editors have sought to recover stories of navigation, conquest, and settlement that earlier historians have sought to simplify; and in this, they have admirably succeeded...This book will be a useful addition to the libraries of all who study science and empire." -- Roy McLeod, Isis 100 (2010) 907-8.
"Dew and Delbourgo have managed to square the circle of edited collections: bringing together a diverse set of essays to target an important historiographical issue." --  Michael Robinson, British Journal for the History of Science 42 (2009) 461-2.
"In this impressive and cleverly-organized group of essays, historians of the sciences explore the systems of negotiation, exploration, and circulation that developed in the Americas and Atlantic networks in the three centuries after European invasion and settlement. The result is a startling reorientation of familiar maps of knowledge, technique, and power. The richly documented studies make for indispensable reading." -- Simon Schaffer.

Contents

List of illustrations xi
Acknowledgments xiii

Introduction: The Far Side of the Ocean
James Delbourgo and Nicholas Dew  1-28


Section I Networks of Circulation 29

1 Controlling Knowledge: Navigation, Cartography, and Secrecy in the Early Modern Spanish Atlantic
Alison Sandman 31-51

2 Vers la ligne: Circulating Measurements Around the French Atlantic
Nicholas Dew 53-72

3 Knowing the Ocean: Benjamin Franklin and the Circulation of Atlantic Knowledge
Joyce E. Chaplin 73-96


Section II Writing the American Book of Nature 97

4 A New World of Secrets: Occult Philosophy and Local Knowledge in the Sixteenth-Century Atlantic
Ralph Bauer 99-126

5 Tropical Empiricism: Making Medical Knowledge in Colonial Brazil
Júnia Ferreira Furtado 127-151

6 American Climate and the Civilization of Nature
Jan Golinski 153-174


Section III Itineraries of Collection 175

7 Empiricism in the Spanish Atlantic World
Antonio Barrera-Osorio 177-202

8 Fruitless Botany: Joseph de Jussieu’s South American Odyssey
Neil Safier 203-224

9 Atlantic Competitions: Botany in the Eighteenth-Century Spanish Empire
Daniela Bleichmar 225-252


Section IV Contested Powers 253

10 The Electric Machine in the American Garden
James Delbourgo 255-280

11 Diasporic African Sources of Enlightenment Knowledge
Susan Scott Parrish 281-310

12 Mesmerism in Saint Domingue: Occult knowledge and Vodou on the Eve of the Haitian Revolution
François Regourd 311-332

Afterword: Science, Global Capitalism, and the State
Margaret C. Jacob 333-344

Contributors 345-348
Index 349-365
"

French Connections examines how the movement of people, ideas, and social practices contributed to the complex processes and negotiations involved in being and becoming French in North America and the Atlantic World between the years 1600 and 1875. Engaging a wide range of topics, from religious and diplomatic performance to labor migration, racialization, and both imagined and real conceptualizations of “Frenchness” and “Frenchification,” this volume argues that cultural mobility was fundamental to the development of French colonial societies and the collective identities they housed. Cases of cultural formation and dislocation in places as diverse as Quebec, the Illinois Country, Detroit, Haiti, Acadia, New England, and France itself demonstrate the broad variability of French cultural mobility that took place throughout this massive geographical space. Nevertheless, these communities shared the same cultural root in the midst of socially and politically fluid landscapes, where cultural mobility came to define, and indeed sustain, communal and individual identities in French North America and the Atlantic World.

Drawing on innovative new scholarship on Louisiana and New Orleans, the editors and contributors to French Connections look to refocus the conversation surrounding French colonial interconnectivity by thinking about mobility as a constitutive condition of culture; from this perspective, separate “spheres” of French colonial culture merge to reveal a broader, more cohesive cultural world. The comprehensive scope of this collection will attract scholars of French North America, early American history, Atlantic World history, Caribbean studies, Canadian studies, and frontier studies. With essays from established, award-winning scholars such as Brett Rushforth, Leslie Choquette, Jay Gitlin, and Christopher Hodson as well as from new, progressive thinkers such as Mairi Cowan, William Brown, Karen L. Marrero, and Robert D. Taber, French Connections promises to generate interest and value across an extensive and diverse range of concentrations.

The chapter examines the evolution of images and interpretations that accompanied a certain artifact from the New World, described by European authors of the 16th century: a wooden club / sword from the Tupinamba culture (Atlantic coast of Brazil). This object was known in Europe due to regular contacts between Amerindians and French navigators and merchants in the 16th century. French travelers and their travel books largely contributed to its consequent literary and artistic fame. Different testimonies (narrative, iconographic etc) defined this artifact either as a club or as a sword giving in such a way different paths for interpretation and associations; each of them evolved with the time. As a result, the original otherness of such an object from another world was assimilated by European culture and placed in a number of “constituent Others” significant for the Old World.

This paper examines the events commemorating the 400th anniversary of the founding of Québec City in 2008 and, in particular, the ways in which the Québec 400 was celebrated in Western France. The author argues that the events provide an instance of trans-Atlantic subject formation. Through analyzing a series of public events that took place in the La Rochelle region of France in 2008, the author argues that this extra-national raciality was constituted through two specific modes: practices of territoriality that signify a ‘cartography of origins’ and tropes of family that affirm the racialized dimensions of Québécois belonging in France.

Looking outside canonical late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century modernist images of the French Atlantic coast, this essay examines usually discrete fields of landscape painting, botanical visual culture and nascent intertidal natural history to articulate an ecological realism of the ecotone. In a survey of peasant gleaning practices, popular natural science of the shore as well as amateur marine botany, the ecological visual literacy of viewers of this era is speculatively assembled. Works by artists such as Elodie La Villete, Charles Cottet, André Dauchez and Mathurin Méheut who lived long term on the coast are put into dialogue with the pressed images made by seaweed collectors and the industrial harvesting of geological and botanical resources of the shoreline.

(in English and Italian below; in italiano e inglese di sotto)

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Français :

Cet article tente de présenter l’histoire des Antilles coloniales du point de vue des gens sans maîtres. La narration qui suit est provisoire mais a l’avantage de montrer les mérites d’une telle démarche pour l’étude que les “acteurs informels” ont joué dans l’histoire plus généralement. En même temps, il présente un compte rendu de la transition au capitalisme dans le contexte antillais. Étudier le capitalisme par rapport aux circonstances qui ont précédé son avènement plutôt que du point de vue de ses conséquences permet d’analyser cette transition avec un œil neuf. Tout d’abord, cela permet de considérer les «extraordinaires possibilités manquées», d’après Césaire, en raison du développement du capitalisme et du colonialisme. Deuxièmement, cet article établit un lien avec d’autres études qui étudient d’autres enclosures qui pourraient profiter d’une perspective historique sur ces développements. Troisièmement, en traitant la conscription des gens sans maîtres comme intimement liée au projet colonialiste, ce travail soulève des questions quant à la mesure, évidemment variable, de la liberté dont ils jouirent. Finalement, en considérant que le commerce est en effet un rapport de production, cet article souligne que le commerce fait partie de la production matérielle et de la formation de la classe ouvrière, et fut, par conséquent, un processus violent et qui relevait fondamentalement de l’exploitation.

Mots-clés: masterless people, Caraïbes, capitalisme, colonialisme, commerce.

English :

This article presents the history of the colonial Caribbean from the perspective of masterless people. Though the narrative presents a preliminary account rather than a conclusive analysis, it shows some of the potential strengths of the so-called “informal actors” paradigm on display in this issue. At the same time, it presents a summary of the transition to capitalism in the Caribbean context. By approaching this transition from the perspective of the past that preceded it rather than the present that is its legacy, this transition emerges in a new light. First of all, this approach allows us to consider the «extraordinary opportunities lost», in the words of Aimé Césaire, as a result of the development of capitalism and colonialism. Secondly, it builds on studies of “enclosures” in other places and times. Thirdly, it considers the conscription of masterless people to the colonial project and the implications for their liberty. Finally, in analyzing what I call “the production of exchange”, this article intends to redirect the transition debate away from an either-or analysis of production and exchange. Instead, I argue that exchange was part of an inherently violent and exploitative material production process that shaped and was shaped by the emerging working class.

Keywords: masterless people, Caribbean, capitalism, colonialism, trade.

Italiano :

Questo articolo presenta la storia del periodo coloniale nei Caraibi adottando il punto di vista dei masterless people («persone senza padrone»). Sebbene il testo rappresenti un’indagine preliminare piuttosto che un’analisi conclusiva, mette in evidenza alcuni dei potenziali punti di forza del paradigma dei cosiddetti “attori informali”, oggetto di questo numero. Allo stesso tempo, propone uno studio sintetico della transizione al capitalismo nel contesto caraibico. Analizzando questa evoluzione con una prospettiva che si concentri sul passato piuttosto che sul presente che di esso è eredità, tale transizione apparirà sotto una nuova luce: primo, perché questo approccio ci permette di prendere in considerazione le «straordinarie opportunità perdute» (citando le parole di Aimé Césaire) come il risultato dello sviluppo di capitalismo e colonialismo; secondo, perché l’articolo si basa su studi dedicati alle enclosures, in altri spazi e tempi; terzo, perché lo studio considera l’arruolamento di persone senza padrone nel “progetto coloniale” e le implicazioni che questo ebbe per la loro libertà. Infine, analizzando quella che ho definito la production of exchange, questo articolo intende deviare il dibattito sulla transizione dall’attuale analisi dicotomica produzione/scambio: infatti, ritengo che lo scambio fosse parte di un processo di produzione intrinsecamente violento e sfruttatore, che formò e fu plasmato dall’emergente classe operaia.

Parole chiave: masterless people, Caraibi, capitalismo, colonialismo, commercio.

After 231 years of a chaotic marriage—which the French persist in believing is founded on love whereas it was always based only on reason—France and the United States continue to proclaim their divergent values, which some call a convergence of interests. Issues concerning the Middle East and terrorism, wrongly used as a justification for the Afghan conflict, once again highlight this gap. The way in which they address these questions reflects their different and incompatible views of the world and history.

Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana: Trade in the French Atlantic World examines the origins and development of France’s first global trading company and its operations in the French Atlantic during the first three decades of the eighteenth century. Much as Laurel Thatcher Ulrich built A Midwife’s Tale around the story of Martha Ballard and Robert Harms fashioned The Diligent out of the experiences of Robert Durand, Greenwald uses the individual life story of company bureaucrat Marc-Antoine Caillot (1707–1758) as a narrative through line in a broader exploration of life in the French Atlantic world.
    Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies situates Louisiana in the context of the company’s global operations and closely examines the circuits traveled by the people and products under its auspices. It also examines the disconnect between metropolitan hopes of creating in Louisiana a tobacco colony to rival the English Chesapeake and the difficulties of creating and maintaining plantation agriculture in a colony where Native Americans outnumbered Europeans and Africans by more than fourteen to one throughout the French colonial period.
    The book is chronologically ordered and begins with a general discussion of the origins of European trading companies, and a specific discussion of the French Company of the Indies and its predecessors. Special attention is paid to Louisiana’s establishment and its status as a company colony and sole authorized importer of enslaved African laborers from 1717 to 1731. Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana analyzes the company’s colony-building efforts and contrasts those efforts to its more trade-reliant activities in West Africa and the Indian Ocean. The book closes with the company’s decision in 1731 to relinquish monopoly control over the Louisiana colony and reinvest/reinvent itself as a pure trade entity operating primarily out of the Indian Ocean.

In the aftermath of the fall of the French monarchy numerous French aristocrats left France to find refuge in other countries like the German principalities, Britain or the United States. At the same time the Haitian revolution caused another stream of refugees who fled the Caribbean island to reside in the coastal cities of the United States from Charleston to Philadelphia. How did the experience of the French revolution shape the observation of the new countries? What were the American institutions that strike the most the European imagination of the aristocratic exiled? To what extent did the French émigrés use the American reality as a mirror to criticize the political evolution of their own country?
To find an answer to these questions that are crucial to understand the phenomenon of the Atlantic revolutions, I choose to present the unpublished journal of the abbot François-Xavier-Marc Antoine de Montesquiou-Fézensac who travelled across the United States and Canada in the last decade of the eighteenth century. The paper is divided in two sections: the first section analyses the literary examples that inspired Montesquiou in writing his journal; the second section explores the original traits of the unpublished journal and the mirroring of the French revolution in the early history of the American republic. 
Montesquiou-Fézensac shared the destiny of figures like the Viscount Noailles, the former bishop Talleyrand or the publisher Moreau de Saint Méry who had to leave their country to settle in a different society. Once they settled in the American cities they struggled to maintain their own traditions and habits. The inactivity in the American republic led some French aristocrats like Liancourt de La Rochefoucauld to travel and explore the inner parts of the country.
As a former member of the revolutionary National Assembly, and member of the aristocratic French elite Montesquiou offered a multifaceted image of the new countries: on the one hand he was imbibed with literary images of the places he visited; on the other hand his dramatic experience of the French revolution brought him to use his traveling experience as an occasion to renew his strong opposition to the French revolution and its radical ideals. This unpublished journal provided descriptions of the life in the American and Canadian societies that revealed the European representation of the North-American continent, the mirroring of France in the American societies and the implicit presence of the revolutionary experience in the observation of “new” societies.

"В статье анализируются способы и приёмы, которыми пользовались французские авторы XVI в. для описания собственных путешествий в Бразилию. Придание подобным свидетельствам литературной формы приводило к необходимости делать выбор в пользу той или иной дискурсивной стратегии. Это, в свою очередь, влекло за собой различное решение традиционных для литературы путешествий задач (определение структуры повествования, забота о его связности, подчеркивание значимости личного опыта, привлечение внешних авторитетных мнений) на примере экзотических бразильских реалий. В статье исследуются особенности применения французскими авторами риторических приёмов для представления собственного эмпирического опыта, а также тактика привлечения внимания читателя и манера ведения дискуссии с авторами-конкурентами.
Ключевые слова: географическая литература, литература путешествий, дискурсивные стратегии, XVI век, Франция, Бразилия
This article studies methods and literary devices, used by French authors to describe their travels to Brazil. Novelization of such testimonies required the choice between one or another discursive strategies. It entailed different solutions of traditional tasks of travel literature (specification of a narrative’s structure; attention to its coherence; emphasizing of the importance of a personal experience; bolstering with some other weighty opinions) through the example of the exotic Brazilian realities. The article examines how French authors used various figures of speech to transfer their experience into a literary masterpiece, how they attracted reader’s attention and how they polemized with rival authors.
Key words: geographical literature, travel literature, discursive strategies, 16th century, France, Brazil"

The article examines the instrumental use of sensory deprivation in order to establish and maintain a domination within a limited area, such as the first French colony in Brazil, so called “Antarctic France”. The testimonies of this colonial enterprise show the colonists’ hard life: limited space, insufficient food supplies and the lack of familiar alimentation, as well as authoritarian (and sometimes brutal) governance.
The article identifies unique and cross-verified information from such testimonies and examines the ways 16th century authors used to reflect an exotism and to produce desired effect by rhetoric and literary techniques.
============================
В статье на примере истории первой французской колонии в Бразилии рассматривается проблематика использования пространства сенсорной депривации в качестве инструмента властных отношений. Сохранившиеся свидетельства о тяготах и лишениях колонистов повествуют об ограниченности пространства, недостаточности запасов продовольствия одновременно с отсутствием привычных продуктов питания, а также жесткой и временами жестокой регламентацией главы колонии.
Наряду с выявлением уникальной и верифицируемой информации источников, статья затрагивает проблематику конструирования авторами XVI века определённых образов с помощью литературных приёмов.

Call for Papers
Globalized Peripheries
New Approaches to the Atlantic World 1680–1850
Date: July 5th–7th, 2018
Place: European University Viadrina
(Frankfurt an der Oder, Germany)

Possible topics include but are not limited to:
• The exchange and movement of goods and people across
the oceans
• Merchants and merchant networks
• Consumption and material culture
• (Proto-)Industrial production and development
• Theories of political economy
• (Religious) Minorities as agents of trade
• Gender from a global perspective
• Theoretical and methodological approaches to “Atlantic
History” and/or “centers” and “peripheries”
Although the conference has no specific regional focus, we explicitly invite papers focused on the following “peripheries” of the Atlantic World and/or its historiography:
• Central and Eastern Europe
• West and West Central Africa
• South Asia

Proposals of ca. 300 words as well as a short CV (max. 1 page) should be sent to: [email protected]
by October 15th, 2017.

We only accept proposals sent electronically to this e-mail address. Feel free to contact us at this address should you have any further questions. Please also indicate if you would like us to consider your proposal for publication.
We look forward to receiving your proposals!
Klaus Weber, Jutta Wimmler, Anka Steffen & Torsten dos Santos Arnold
www.kuwi.europa-uni.de/globalized-peripheries

The rise of the Atlantic framework for understanding histories of colonies, continents and nations implicated in imperial histories offers a convenient theoretical domain for exploring questions relating interconnected imperial encounters in early modern Maritime Canada and New France, the United States, and Caribbean World.  This paper will highlight underdeveloped themes relating to the French Atlantic world in the 18th century to consider how culture and power impacted economic and class relations on Ile Royale.  In particular it will explore the role of counter-imperial narratives with attention to dominant and subordinate groups in the colony, in particular, the French colony’s slave population, their status and sexualities in the colony as well as the relationships formed among escaped slaves with local Mik-maq inhabitants in the region. It offers a spatial consideration of inter-continental patterns of cod, rum and sugar trading between Ile Royale and Saint Domingue and the impacts of French inter-colonial migration upon class relations in both colonial worlds.  It will explore the impact of the French colonial defeat upon economic development in Canada and the resultant changes in French colonial policies in the Caribbean.  It considers the impact of French imperial patterns of settlement and economic activity in Maritime Canada to re-assess how imperial commerce, migration and settlement impacted production and consumption across French imperial lines. Finally, it considers how an Atlantic World approach might offer a contextual lining for better understanding and situating histories of colonialism, identity formation, resource exploitation and class violence in Canada’s history and neo-colonial present, as Bill Marshall observed: “this issue of Atlantic history goes to the heart of questions concerning the mutual implication of Republic and colony, and the way in which former colonizer and colonized are ‘postcolonial’ in the strongest sense, deeply transformed and haunted by that past.”

This dissertation draws first and foremost from the private correspondence of the Montreal-born Marie-Élisabeth Rocbert de La Morandière (1696-1755), better known as Madame Bégon. Between 1748 and 1753, Madame Bégon addressed a series of collated letter-diaries or journals and over five-dozen individual letters to her widowed French son-in-law after he left Montreal to assume an administrative post in New Orleans. A widow herself, she continued writing to him after moving with the rest of her family to Rochefort, where she died on the eve of the Seven Years’ War. Madame Bégon’s sensitive, witty, and at times trenchant pen chronicles a kind of reverse diaspora wherein she evoked and negotiated memories of her colonial past and struggled with the uncertainties of a future in France. From the dressing table to the dance floor, “Letters of a Canadian Woman” considers moments in her writings that foreground interconnected themes of self-fashioning and the body; creolization and empire; and the enslavement and racialization of the subaltern. A cross-section of related archival materials, images, literature, and material culture informs interpretation of this revealing epistolary exchange and the myriad forces that shaped Madame Bégon’s trans-Atlantic world and identity.

During the first half of the eighteenth century, law, paperwork and legalities were unifying vehicles in the development of a French empire. The empire was a structure dealing with civilians (sailors, planters, merchants, craftsmen) supporting economic activities overseas. Courts, law and paperwork contributed to establishing royal authority over new territories through their status as key institutions supporting people in their private dealings and disputes. The daily routine of jurisdictions and legalities were milestones in the advent of an overseas empire that became a proper political formation before the Seven Years War. This article looks into three main moments: the expansion of paperwork and jurisdictions under Louis XIV; the process of lawmaking and differentiating colonies from France, until the Regency; and finally the collection of, and attempts to harmonise, local colonial regulations by Maurepas and his agents.

L’article analyse un aspect singulier de la relation des premiers ambassadeurs russes en France en 1615–1616 : une mention d’un certain « ambassadeur des Indes Occidentales » à la cour de Louis XIII et de Marie de Médicis. L’étude croisée des sources primaires d’origine et de nature diverses (russes, françaises, portugaises, espagnoles) a permis de reconstruire l’épisode qui est ni plus ni moins une mention dans un document russe de la seconde colonie française en Amérique portugaise, la « France équinoxiale » au Maragnan (1612–1615). L’article restitue le nom et l’identité du mystérieux « ambassadeur » jusqu’alors anonyme. Le témoignage des ambassadeurs russes est mis en valeur en tant que l’exemple insolite de la circulation des informations sur le monde atlantique. L’histoire de la « France equinoxiale » au Maragnan, aussi bien que la chronique d’échanges diplomatiques des premiers Bourbons, se sont enrichies ainsi d’un nouvel épisode.
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The paper studies a curious aspect of the first Russian ambassadors to France’s report (1615–1616): a mention of an “ambassador of the West Indies” at the French court. A sum of primary sources which differ by their nature, origin and destination (and come from Russia, France, Portugal and Spain) are analyzed in order to put the Russian ambassadors’ testimony in the historical context. It concerns the mention in the Russian document of the second French colony in the Portuguese America (an “Equinoxial France” in the Maranhão, 1612–1615). The paper restores a name and an identity to the mysterious “ambassador”, anonymous till now. Russian ambassadors’ report is appreciated as an unusual contribution to the information circuit concerning the Atlantic world. The “Equinoxial France”’s history, as well as a chronicle of the first Bourbon’s diplomatic contacts is enriched now by a new episode.

ore 14:00-Caffè di benvenuto ingresso di via Elisa Baciocchi 4 ore 14:30-Sessione plenaria aula magna via Elisa Baciocchi 4 Apertura dei lavori Marina Formica, Presidente SISSD, e Guido Abbattista Saluti istituzionali Elisabetta Vezzosi, Direttrice DISU ore 15:00-16:45-Sessioni parallele via del Lazzaretto Vecchio 8, secondo piano AULA 1 / ore 15:00-16:45 I: Arte e architettura Moderano Emma Maglio e Rolando Minuti ANNA ALETTA-Riflessioni su alcune tipologie artisticocompositive del Settecento ANNA CÒCCIOLI MASTROVITI-Echi bibieneschi nell'architettura del tardo Settecento: il santuario della beata Vergine del Carmine a Roveleto di Cadeo (Piacenza) ELISA DEBENEDETTI-Le dimore storiche nei Taccuini Torlonia di Carlo Marchionni MARINELLA PIGOZZI-I palazzi di Bologna nel Settecento. Condizionamenti dell'esistente e rinnovamento funzionale LAURA GIACOMINI-Abitare le 'case da nobile' rinascimentali milanesi nel Settecento: un adeguamento problematico AULA 5 / ore 15:00-16:45 II: I philosophes tra metafisica e morale Moderano Gianni Paganini e Paolo Quintili ELEONORA ALFANO-La metafisica come (me)ontologia in Dom Deschamps ARETINA BELLIZZI-L' Illustrazione del Parmenide di Platone di Antonio Conti MARCO MENIN-La compassione in azione: teorie della simpatia e costruzione dell'alterità nel lungo Settecento RICCARDO POZZO-Corpora kantiani AULA 3 / ore 15:00-16:45 III: Donne, linguaggi e scritture Moderano Duccio Tongiorgi e Lucio Tufano DEBORA SICCO-Donne e scrittura nella Francia del tournant des Lumières LAURA PAULIZZI-Olympe de Gouges. L'attualità di un linguaggio rivoluzionario CATERINA PAGNINI-Le riflessioni dei riformatori della danza nel Settecento: il 'corpo parlante', l'eloquenza del gesto e la rappresentazione degli affetti GIULIA IANNUZZI-Seconda vista, superstizione, seduzione. Previsione del futuro, curiosità femminile e la storia di Duncan Campbell nell'Inghilterra del primo Settecento Contatti

Where are your monuments, your battles, martyrs? Where is your tribal memory? Sirs, in that grey vault. The sea. The sea has locked them up. The sea is History.-Derek Walcott, "The Sea is History" (1979) Supposez, si vous le pouvez, l'ivresse rouge des montées sur le pont, la rampe à gravir, le soleil noir sur l'horizon, le vertige, cet éblouissement du ciel plaqué sur les vagues.