Food Prices

(September 2019 – February 2020)
• 7 November 2019: Successive rises in staple food prices
• 4 November 2019: Clear indication of expiry dates
• 31 October 2019: Facilitating the establishment of regional slaughterhouses
• 29 October 2019: Colombian anti-dumping measures on frozen fries imported from the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany
• 28 October 2019: Lead in turmeric
• 24 October 2019: Measures against carcinogens in baby milk
• 21 October 2019: Bisphenol B, a substitute for bisphenol A, and safeguarding consumer health
• 15 October 2019: Labelling of organic products
• 12 October 2019: Situation faced by small‐ and medium-scale and family farmers — measures to be taken
• 11 October 2019: Support for European agri-food businesses
• 11 October 2019: Duties on PDO agri-food products
• 10 October 2019: US tariffs on the wine sector
• 8 October 2019: Exclusion of fisheries from Commission portfolio title
• 7 October 2019: EU-wide ban on food products containing glyphosate
• 30 September 2019: The inadmissible legalisation of cannabis and CAP funding for cannabis cultivation

Drought raises the possibility of rising food prices and a negative impact on rural consumer demand. However, a point needs to be appreciated here. When we talk rural, we are not talking just agriculture . Agriculture based enterprises employ nearly a fifth of the non- farm rural workforce.

This article presents an overview of the long term trends in the trading patterns for salted herring in the area of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea and their hinterlands in the period of c. 1600-1850. The market is defined as ‘the interaction between supply and demand to determine the market price and corresponding quantity bought and sold.’  In this period the north European herring market underwent several changes. This is analysed from four different points of view:
The first main section examines the main trading routes for herring in Northern Europe by use of records from the Sound toll registers as well as from accounts of herring imports in the German North Sea and Baltic cities. Then a number of price series for various parts of northern Europe give indications for the long term development of prices of herring. Following this an analysis of the consumption patterns of salted herring is carried out, and finally the influence of mercantilist policies is evaluated.

In 1793, the National Convention passed two hallmarks of Jacobin legislation: sweeping price controls called the General Maximum and a ban on women's political clubs. At the center of both issues were factional clashes among the Montagnards, Girondins, and Enragés, on the one hand, and Parisian market women called the Dames des Halles and the leading women's club called the Société des Citoyennes Républicaines Révolutionnaires, on the other. Montagnard deputies pointed to marketplace brawls between the Dames and the club women to argue that women were irrational and had no place in formal politics. Consequently, the dominant historiographical narrative frames their ban as codifying Rousseauian gender norms and ideologically stunting women's citizenship at the outset of French democracy. However, this article analyzes the mechanics of the Maximum to argue that the ban on women's clubs emerged from contests over price controls, market regulation, and the economic dimensions of citizenship itself.


En 1793, la Convention nationale vota deux projets phares de la législation jacobine : la loi du Maximum général sur le contrôle des prix et l'interdiction des clubs politiques féminins. Ces projets se déroulèrent pendant les affrontements entre d'une part les Montagnards, les Girondins et les Enragés, et d'autre part les marchandes parisiennes appelées « Dames des halles » et la Société des citoyennes républicaines révolutionnaires, qui fut alors le principal club féminin. En octobre, les Montagnards dénoncèrent des rixes entre les Dames des halles et les Citoyennes républicaines pour soutenir que les femmes étaient irrationnelles et ne devaient pas participer à la vie politique. Par la suite, l'historiographie considéra que l'interdiction des clubs féminins transcrivit dans la loi les normes de genre rousseauiennes qui avaient cours dans la société et stipulaient que la citoyenneté ne pouvait s'exercer que dans le cadre des institutions politiques, d'où les femmes devaient être exclues. Cependant, cet article analyse le fonctionnement de la loi du Maximum pour soutenir que l'interdiction des clubs féminins fut moins une transcription de normes de genre écartant les femmes de la vie politique, qu'elle n'émergea face aux tensions qui existèrent entre les marchandes et les consommateurs, porteurs de visions contradictoires sur les droits et les devoirs économiques des citoyens. Dès lors, la participation à la vie économique peut être analysée comme un enjeu politique qui révèle des conceptions différentes de la citoyenneté et de la participation à la démocratie.

Much criticism regarding the significance, methodology and representativeness has led to doubt about the relevance of real wages as a measure of the living standard of wage earners. Alternative indicators have been proposed. This paper examines methodological questions of real wages and the actual meaning of changes in real wages. Also, results of recent real-wage investigation and a 'test' of real-wage series are presented. Concluding remarks favour the use of real wages in assessing the living standard in so far as series are fully reliable, while the explicatory value of real wages (in contrast

The last studies that are investigating the Arab Spring are connecting it with the worldwide food price shocks that occurred between 2007-8 and the commodity prices that kept on rising until the uprisings. First of all, we aim to gather the bibliography concerned and to shed light to some of the aspects of the riots that contributed to the rise of the prices (such as the liberalization of the economies of the MENA countries over the last decades, often with the IMF's and the World Bank's contribution, the reforms that accompanied it and subsequently, the food policy that most of the countries of the region were following) and the way they did it. Then, we will try to put the rebellions in a broader framework, focusing on the political economy of the countries and the socio-economic factors that, in our opinion, were connected with them. We believe that it is really interesting to study the way the people responded to all these reforms and to find out what they were hoping to achieve by participating to these protests. We will try to comprehend their motives, their needs and their expectations from all of these events. Finally, we are trying to find out if there is an inner connection between the uprisings that took place in this region during 2010-11 (and that are still going on in some of these countries), the food riots that had broken out in various countries between 2007-8 and the riots that followed the Arab ones in all over the world (from the "Occupy Wall Street" movement, to the student demonstrations in the UK and the various ways that the peoples of the European South responded to the austerity plans).

ÖZ Son zamanlarda obezite hastalığı hemen hemen her ülkede artmaktadır. Artık obezite sadece bir sağlık sorunu değildir, bununla beraber ekonomik bir sorundur. Bu sorunla devletler mücadele etme ihtiyacı duymaktadırlar. Dolayısıyla obezite sorunu, devlet müdahalesini gerektirmektedir. Obezite ile etkin mücadelede; sorunun ayrıntılı olarak tanımlanması, soruna neden olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve olumsuz sonuçlarının saptanması ile bunların ölçümü önem taşır. Müdahalelerin mali araçları, gıda tüketimini azaltması etkisinden ötürü önemlidir. Söz konusu mali araçlar, çeşitli ülkelerde gelir dağılımı farklılıkları, beslenme alışkanlıkları, kentleşme, teknoloji kullanımı oranı farklılıkları v.b. sosyoekonomik farklılıklar nedeni ile çeşitlilik gösterebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, artan obezite sorunu için üretilen güncel çözümler açıklanmaktadır. ABSTRACT Recently, obesity as an common public, is increasing in almost every country. From now on obesity is not only an illness but also an economic phenomenon. Governments are in the need of dealing with this problem. In this respect, interventions are required for obesity problem. In order to effectively deal with the obesity problem, it is of great importance to describe the problem and its reasons in detail and to identify and measure the negative consequences. Fiscal intermediaries of interventions have great significance because of their effects through diminishing food consumption. Aforementioned fiscal intermediaries may vary in different countries due to socioeconomic reasons such as income distribution differences, consumption habits, urbanization, technology usage rate differences, etc. This study explains increasing obesity problem and current fiscal solutions developed for the obesity problem.

This literature review provides an overview of knowledge about the recent food price crisis—its precise nature, causes, and consequences in the developing world. It then reviews the efficacies of social protection mechanisms in mitigating the the risk of such shocks. Finally, a review of various types of social protection or safety net programs available in the four case study countries is presented—Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Vietnam.

Μεσογειακό Κολέγιο: 2ο Διεπιστημονικό Φοιτητικό Συνέδριο 2014

Η παρουσίαση αυτή στοχεύει στην παροχή μιας στρατηγικής ανάλυσης της διαχείρισης της Alfa Pastry SA, ένας από τους πιο σημαντικούς παράγοντες, που δραστηριοποιούνται στην ελληνική αγορά κατεψυγμένων βιομηχανίας επεξεργασμένων τροφίμων. Όπως συμβαίνει με τις περισσότερες ελληνικές επιχειρήσεις, Alfa λειτουργεί σε ένα ταραχώδες οικονομικό και πολιτικό περιβάλλον. Την ίδια στιγμή, οι Έλληνες καταναλωτές δίνουν έμφαση στις χαμηλές τιμές και υψηλή ποιότητα των προϊόντων διατροφής. Χάρη στην ποιότητα και την καινοτομία της, η Alfa κατάφερε να βελτιώσει σημαντικά την αύξηση των πωλήσεων από το 1998.

Ωστόσο, η ανταγωνιστική θέση της στην βιομηχανία καθώς και οι απειλές που έχει να αντιμετωπίσει, σημαίνει ότι η εταιρεία πρέπει να κάνει βήματα προς τη βελτίωση της. Η ανάπτυξη της αγοράς, η αποτελεσματική προώθηση, η ανάπτυξη των online πωλήσεων, η διαφοροποίηση των προϊόντων, καθώς και ο δημοσιονομικός έλεγχος είναι μόνο μερικοί από τους τρόπους με τους οποίους θα μπορούσε να ενισχύσει Alfa και να διατηρήσουν τη μελλοντική ανάπτυξη και την ανταγωνιστικότητά της.

Recently, The world has witnessed a food price rise for many factors which had led to the gap between production and consumption, save and investment, and growing humanitarian needs and the relative scarcity of resources, in general, agricultural land in particular.
So, this research aimed to focus on some basic determents which led to raising the main food basket in the world generally, and in Syria particularly. During Climatic Changes, Disasters and wars, Strategy for bio-fuel and energy prices, Government policies and exchange rate, demographic and eating habits change .And give some Thoughts which can use to avoidance the crisis affect in achieving the food security from side, and market stability from other side.

DOI: 10.13140/2.1.1068.4800

This report aims at providing a strategic management analysis of Alfa Pastry S. A., one of the most important players, operating in the Greek frozen processed food industry. As it happens with most of Greek companies, Alfa operates in a turbulent economic and political environment. At the same time, Greek consumers emphasize on low prices and high quality of food products. Thanks to its quality and innovativeness, Alfa has managed to significantly improve its growth sales since 1998.

This case study starts by briefly presenting the company profile of Alfa Pastry. Then, an analysis of the external and internal environment surrounding the company’s business takes place, paying particular attention to the company’s sources of competitive advantage, its strengths and weaknesses, as well as the dynamics of its external environment that have an impact on Alfa’s strategy. After the analysis, the project summarizes the key points and recommends ways in which the company could confront competition and ensure its future growth.

Соколов И.А. Торговцы чаем, сахаром и кофе [лимитированное издание] [Текст, изображения] / Соколов Иван Алексеевич. – М., 2017. – Том I. – 498 с.: илл. - ISBN 978-5-9973-4479-5 – (Серия «Русский чай»).
Sokolov I.A. Traders: tea, sugar & coffee.  [Limited edition] [text, images] / Sokolov Ivan Alexeevich. - Moscow, 2017. - Vol. I. - 498 p. - ISBN 978-5-9973-4479-5 - (Series «Russian Tea»).

This paper investigated the role of grocery store prices in structuring food access for low-income households in Portland, Oregon. We conducted a detailed healthful foods market basket survey and developed an index of store cost based on the USDA Thrifty Food Plan. Using this index, we estimated the difference in street-network distance between the nearest low-cost grocery store and the nearest grocery store irrespective of cost. Spatial regression of this metric in relation to income, poverty, and gentrification at the census tract scale lead to a new theory regarding food access in the urban landscape. Food deserts are sparse in Portland, but food mirages are abundant, particularly in gentrifying areas where poverty remains high. In a food mirage, grocery stores are plentiful but prices are beyond the means of low-income households, making them functionally equivalent to food deserts in that a long journey to obtain affordable, nutritious food is required in either case. Results suggested that evaluation of food environments should, at a minimum, consider both proximity and price in assessing healthy food access for low-income households.

Though India embarked on economic liberalisation in 1991, the agrarian sector was liberalised only in 2004 when more than 400 agrarian commodities were exposed to global competition. Food price volatility became a perennial problem after that.

ACCOUNTANCY DEPARTMENT iv indebtedness for their assistance and cooperation. Without them, the research will never be possible. The researcher's families, for the understanding, trust, consideration, patience, and support for financially and emotionally. Lastly, to the Almighty God who gave us strength, wisdom and courage which led us to make the study possible. Dedication This paper is dedicated to all consumers, producers, students and parents for they were the most vital foundation of the study and the main fount of inspiration.

The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 directed the U.S. Department of Agriculture to conduct a 1-year study to assess the extent of areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, identify characteristics and causes of such areas, consider how limited access affects local populations, and outline recommendations to address the problem. This report presents the fi ndings of the study, which include results from two conferences of national and international authorities on food deserts and a set of commissioned research studies done in cooperation with the National Poverty Center at the University of Michigan. It also includes reviews of existing literature, a national-level assessment of access to supermarkets and large grocery stores, analysis of the economic and public health effects of limited access, and a discussion of existing policy interventions. The study uses a variety of analytical methods and data to assess the extent of limited access to affordable and nutritious food and characteristics of areas with limited access. Overall, fi ndings show that a small percentage of consumers are constrained in their ability to access affordable nutritious food because they live far from a supermarket or large grocery store and do not have easy access to transportation. Urban core areas with limited food access are characterized by higher levels of racial segregation and greater income inequality. In small-town and rural areas with limited food access, the lack of transportation infrastructure is the most defi ning characteristic. Existing data and research are insuffi cient to conclusively determine whether areas with limited access have inadequate access.

This multi-volume edition is devoted to people who were selling tea in the Russian Empire. It includes tea sellers’ biographical materials. Data about their family members, relatives, descendants is given as well. The edition also contains tea sellers’ biographies from different ethnic and culture groups: the Russians, the Jews, the French, the Germans, the Chinese, the Tatar, etc. Everybody who sold tea in the Russian Empire. The book describes the period from 1700s till 1930s.
The edition covers distributers of such types of tea as: Chinese, Indian, Ceylon, Russian. Besides, from this book you can learn about coffee, sugar, Yerba mate, confectionary goods and wines dealers if these people were involved into selling tea.
The materials for the book were gathered from the archives, rare editions from libraries, private collections, family assemblages, periodic publications of 19 – early 20 century.
This edition enables the reader to retrace the evolution of merchant capital assets and tea-selling dynasties. Biographies describe the evolution of merchant capital assets and dynasties in the tea business.
Tea capitals would convert distributors’ children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren (3-4 family generations) into representatives of creative and culture elite. Descendants would leave merchandising for sci-tech and creative clerisy.
Tea-sellers had family ties with many outstanding Russian researches, artists, writers. The Shchukins, Fet, Dostoevsky, and many others were their family hood.
The collected data helps to retrace commercial connections between tea dealers. Big part of the book is devoted to their relations with big enterprises, such as Russian-American company.
Tea business representatives had big impact on the development of transport systems. Due to tea commerce ″Great Tea Road″ was founded, which was further north than ″Great Silk Road″. Tea cargo was carried by the Trans-Siberian railway and by sea.
The money, accumulated from tea trade, led to the explosion of Russian economy and culture. Tea capitals were redirected to the chemical industry, metallurgy, agriculture, fabric industry, gold mining, books publishing, ect.
Tea-dealers also invested their money into paintings and objects of art, estate property. They donated money to culture, building of churches, mosques, synagogues, helped the sick, the poor and the old.
The book has a big appendix with unique materials on the history of tea and tea business in Russia, history of Chinese tea.
This book will be interesting to tea traders, historians, advertising and genealogy specialists, researches of business relations, economists, sociologists, etc.

Abstract
This research aims to find out the role of Toko Tani Indonesia (TTI) or Toko Tani Indonesia in the supply chain and the establishment of rice price in Sragen District. The basic methods used in this research are descriptive and analytical. The results show that rice supply chain in Sragen is drastically shortened from 6-7 stages to only 3.  Calculation of supply chain performance for marketing efficiency obtained from marketing margin in the first part, namely partner farmers and LUPM of Rp 1,600 and the second part plus TTI of Rp 300 shows a small and rational value, then the value of farmer's share of 51.13%. This study explains that the calculation of asset management efficiency in the form of inventory turnover measurement as much as 12 times, then the value of inventory days of supply in LUPM of 30 days, and cash to cash cycle time for 37 days. Value-added analysis value of each member of the supply chain revealed that farmers contributed 72 percent out of the total value with amount of IDR 376,216,168; LUPM contribution was 26 percent (IDR 136,678,955), and TTI 2 percent (IDR 8,090,000). TTI has helped farmers to guarantee grain production and to buy the grain at the appropriate price. They also play vital role for the community, that is to assure the availability of rice and to maintain the price stability.

Keywords: LUPM, Price, Rice, Supply Chain, TTI

The study of the history of Quebec when it was under French rule (1608-1760) has been hampered by the absence of a reliable price index. This first section of my thesis solves this problem by creating a price index drawn from prices collected in the account books of two religious congregations in the Quebec City area. In combining this with other sources, it becomes possible to obtain a very broad and very precise history of price movements in the colony before its Conquest by the British.

Sokolov I.A. The History of Tea: new documents and materials [Limited edition] (DEMO)

Издание вводит в научный оборот документы и материалы по истории чая. Представлены рецепты XIX в. в которых чай смешивается с алкогольными напитками, материалы о чае в Японии, чае в русской живописи XIX - XX вв., цены на чай в дореволюционный период и в советских ресторанах периода «застоя», реклама, редкие документы Советской Эпохи на чайных этикетах начала ХХ в. Большой блок иллюстраций: семейные фотографии XIX - XX вв., рекламу и упаковку чая царского и советского периода, гравюры, карты, рисунки, фотографии чайных пломб, талонов на чай, фотографий и рисунков Китая эпохи Цин. Книга будет востребована историками, экономистами, социологами, культурологами, работниками пищевой промышленности, краеведами, сфрагистами, учителями средних и высших учебных заведений, специалистами в области рекламы и генеалогии.

This paper outlines the contours of a new research agenda for the analysis of food price crises. By weaving together a detailed quantitative examination of changes in corporate profit shares with a qualitative appraisal of the restructuring in business control over the organisation of society and nature, the paper points to the rapid ascendance of a new power configuration in the global political economy of food: the Agro-Trader nexus. The agribusiness and grain trader firms that belong to the Agro-Trader nexus have not been mere ‘price takers’, instead they have actively contributed to the inflationary restructuring of the world food system by championing and facilitating the rapid expansion of the first-generation biofuels sector. As a key driver of agricultural commodity price rises, the biofuels boom has raised the Agro-Trader nexus's differential profits and it has at the same time deepened global hunger. These findings suggest that food price inflation is a mechanism of redistribution.

ABSTRACT This volume breaks new ground in approaching the Ancient Economy by bringing together documentary sources from Mesopotamia and the Greco-Roman world. Addressing textual corpora that have traditionally been studied separately, the collected papers overturn the conventional view of a fundamental divide between the economic institutions of these two regions. The premise is that, while controlling for differences, texts from either cultural setting can be brought to bear on the other and can shed light, through their use as proxy data, on such questions as economic mentalities and market development. The book also presents innovative approaches to the quantitative study of large corpora of ancient documents. The resulting view of the Ancient Economy is much more variegated and dynamic than traditional ‘primitivist’ views would allow.

The volume covers the following topics: Babylonian house size data as an index of urban living standards; the Old Babylonian archives as a source for economic history; Middle Bronze Age long distance trade in Anatolia; long-term economic development in Babylonia from the 7th to the 4th century BC; legal institutions and agrarian change in the Roman Empire; papyrological evidence for water-lifting technology; money circulation and monetization in Late Antique Egypt; the application of Social Network Analysis to Babylonian cuneiform archives; price trends in the ancient Near East and Mediterranean in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, as well as the effects of locust plagues on prices.
Table of Contents

Jursa, M. Introduction
Baker, H. D. House Size and Household Structure: Quantitative Data in the Study of Babylonian Urban Living Conditions
Charpin, D. The Historian and the Old Babylonian Archives
Dercksen, J. G. The Old Assyrian Trade and its Participants
Jursa, M. Economic Development in Babylonia from the Late 7th to the Late 4th Century BC: Economic Growth and Economic Crises in Imperial Contexts
Kehoe, D. Legal Institutions and Agrarian Change in the Roman Empire
Malouta, M. The Papyrological Evidence for Water-Lifting Technology
Pirngruber, R. Plagues and Prices: Locusts
Tost, S. On Payment Transactions and Monetisation in the Rural Areas of Late Antique Egypt: the Case Study of Small-Format Documents
Waerzeggers, C. Social Network Analysis of Cuneiform Archives—a New Approach

Prices in the Ancient Mediterranean and Near East
Spek, R. J. van der The Volatility of Prices of Barley and Dates in Babylon in the Third and Second Centuries BC
von Reden, S. Wheat Prices in Ptolemaic Egypt
Rathbone, D. Mediterranean Grain Prices c. 300 to 31 BC: the Impact of Rome
Rathbone, D. Mediterranean and Near Eastern Grain Prices c. 300 to 31 BC: Some Preliminary Conclusions
Indexes

Abstract of my own paper:
In this paper I focus on market integration. Two aspects are considered: the volatility of the prices and the purchasing power of silver.
Volatility of prices is an indicator of market integration. When there is a scarcity of grain, prices will rise, but thanks to grain imports prices can return to a more favourable level after some time. The same is true for periods of superabundance. Prices will be low in such a case, which makes export to countries with higher prices profitable. The superabundance will diminish and prices will rise again. This process will mitigate price fluctuations. Hence a high volatility of prices is an indicator of low market integration (cf. K.G. Persson, Grain Markets in Europe 1500-1900 (Cambridge 1999).
Mutatis mutandis the same is true as regards silver. In an integrated market situation it will be profitable to invest silver in a region where the purchasing power is high. However, due to the import of silver the purchasing power will gradually diminish and so the market will equalize the value of silver in different regions. Hence the continuation of strongly different exchange values of silver in neighbouring regions is an indicator of low market integration.
The evidence comes from the Astronomical Diaries from Babylon, in which Babylonian astronomers recorded, apart from celestial phenomena, the prices of barley, dates, cuscuta, cress, sesame and wool. Thanks to this meticulous work we have a dataset of prices for the period of c. 485 - 61 BC, which allows statistical research. For more information see: R.J. van der Spek, B. van Leeuwen & J.L. van Zanden, eds., A History of Market Performanced from Ancient Babylonia to the Modern World. London and New York, Routledge: 2015 [2014].

Este es un tema que ha sido, y sigue siendo, objeto de interminables debates, tanto a nivel político como académico, a pesar de la jurisprudencia del TJUE consgrada en su sentencia “Comisión contra Hungría”, de de 11 de marzo de 2021 (asunto C-400/19).

------------------------------------

Available at: http://works.bepress.com/luis_gonzalez_vaque/337/

The aim of this paper is to find the different features influencing the price of the Turkish Belgian product: durüm pitta. The outcomes of our four regressions showed that the group of variables that we used are weakly significant. So the main result is the fact that we did not find any variable enough significant to explain the pricing process. However, we have observed that the prices of the five geographic areas of Brussels converged relative to the center.

This article examines the impact of staple food price controls on the Tanzanian urban and rural population during the 1970s and 1980s. It is argued that the objective of government pricing policy was spatial egalitarianism. Evidence of variable urban food consumption strategies, the agrarianisation of towns, the rise of parallel marketing and the slowing of urban growth casts doubt on the relevance of the urban bias concept to Tanzania and helps to explain the relative ease with which market liberalisation was introduced.

In this paper we present the first results of the analysis of the Entry and Exit books of the hospital “Misericordia e Dolce” of Prato, which allowed us to reconstruct for the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the series of two basic food prices, wheat and wine. The research, which is certainly not concluded in these pages, wants to study the trend of the prices to make comparisons with the results obtained in other studies and to build an index of purchasing power of people who survived with a meager daily wage and was obliged to direct preferences to basic necessities. In the study we have paid great attention to the need to subject to prior examination the nature and significance of the data used, focusing in particular on the problem of their consistency and monetary expression. In our opinion, in fact, only after formulating extremely rigorous selection criteria, we can make investigations and comparisons; if we are satisfied of wider margins of approximation, we can perhaps present a more varied range of data, but certainly more unsatisfactory

This quantitative study of commodity prices examines the
early modern food market, a period and topic widely neglected by
historians owing to a lack of data or palaeographic expertise that has
prompted scholars to turn their attention to later periods. Despite the
ubiquitous presence of fish in European food markets, specialists have
difficulty identifying its consumption levels or price. This paper provides
a wide panorama of qualitative observations about food provisioning
practices and the cost hierarchy of commodities on the French market
from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. We conclude that sea fish
became an affordable alternative source of protein in the general diet.
Our research demonstrates that cod fish occupied a good place on the
French food market, competing successfully against top-selling
commodities such as meat.

IL SETTORE AGROALIMENTARE NELLA STORIA DELL'ECONOMIA EUROPEA a cura di Ezio Ritrovato Giovanni Gregorini ISBN 9788891789433 Copyright © FrancoAngeli N.B: Copia ad uso personale. È vietata la riproduzione (totale o parziale) dell'opera con qualsiasi mezzo effettuata e la sua messa a disposizione di terzi, sia in forma gratuita sia a pagamento. F r a n c o A n g e l i Questo volume è stato pubblicato con il contributo del Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche e Filologiche dell'Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, sede di Brescia.

The United Nation declared 2016 as international year of pulses, given its importance in food and nutrition security and source of income and employment to small and marginal farmers in developing countries. Historically India is the largest producer, consumer and importer of pulses. Pulses production in India is about 19 million tonnes, every year India is importing about 3-4 million tonnes of pulses to meet its annual demand of 22-23 million tonnes. Even though there is a significant increase in pulses production in the last decade from 15 million tonnes to 18-19 million tonnes due to the implementation of National Food Security Mission (NFSM), Accelerated Pulses Production Programme (APPP) and Rastria Krishi Vikas Yojana(RKVY), there is little improvement in production of kharif pulses. There is a lot of scope in expanding area under rice fallows in eastern and southern India and crop diversification from rice-wheat to cereal-pulse based cropping systems in northern India. The paper discusses strategies followed to increase pulses production in the last decade and the way forward to sustain the increased production. There are some isolated success stories like
chickpea revolution in Andhra Pradesh and spring moong/urad in irrigated areas, expansion of area under pigeonpea in eastern India in the last decade. However, for effective upscale of these isolated
success stories, there is a need for an integrated approach through strengthening NFSM and APPP along with policy prescription to strengthen entire value chain from production, procurement and
distribution through public-private partnerships. The two policy instruments, Minimum Support Price and adjustments to tariff rates needs to be used judiciously to bridge the gap between demand
and supply, to provide proper inceptive to farmers to increase production at the same to reduce spikes in open market prices to safeguard consumers

Fourteen pea protein hydrolysates (PPHs) were prepared using different proteases and tested for antioxidant activity in a liposomal model system under oxidative stress (100 μM FeCl 3 /2 mM ascorbate). Almost all PPHs inhibited lipid oxidation, and those prepared from heated protein with Flavourzyme (Fla-PPH) or Protamex (Pro-PPH) were the most effective. Remarkable synergistic effects were observed on both Fla-PPH and Pro-PPH with licorice extract (LE). Electron microscopy revealed a self-assembled network that appeared to provide crucial protection of liposome against oxidation. The presence of LE enhanced the antioxidant potential by producing a more compact network apparently via PPH−LE complexation. Zeta-potential measurements suggested electrostatic interactions are important driving forces for the accumulation of active peptides at the liposome interface. Peptides rich in leucine, lysine, glutamic acid, glutamine, valine, or proline with a hydrophobic N-terminus, as identified by mass spectrometry, were implicated in the antioxidative protection.

Farmers' suicide in India is a cause of concern and government figures, though conservative, predict an impending epidemic. Various measures to curb this calamity are being made in a piecemeal manner. Considering it as an issue of social and mental health concern, this article attempts to evaluate the situation based on the tenet that health and illness are the result of a complex interplay between biological, psychological, social, environmental, economic and political factors. Thus in India the agrarian crisis, among other causes, has been largely debated as the major reason for the current state of farmers. It is important that (psychiatric) epidemiology and public mental health try to evolve mechanisms to understand and implement measures, and take this into consideration when attempting health promotion and prevention.

People on low incomes across Asia, Latin America and Africa have struggled with higher prices for food and basic essentials since the global food and fuel price spikes of 2007/8. To earn more cash and squeeze more value , people across 10 study countries made often-irreversible changes to how they earned a living and what they ate, helping to speed up profound changes in economies and societies. These are the key messages coming from a four-year study ‘Life in a Time of Food Price Volatility’.

For the published version of this paper, see: https://www.academia.edu/16302941/The_Spectacular_Origins_of_the_EU_Horse_Meat_Scandal

We are currently faced with a scale of industrial food production that has reached inhuman proportions; even our mediated forms of oversight (e.g. quality control, food inspection, sensor technologies) cannot fully capture all the movements of inputs and outputs across the globe. The 2013 horse meat scandal in Europe made this very clear. Nearly 200 beef products sold in the EU were found to contain horse meat, but the scale of the supply chain made investigating the source of the ‘contamination’ extremely challenging. The proportions in which meat is produced—disassembled and ground up, distributed, and reassembled from thousands of animals—allowed the horse meat to mingle with beef unnoticed. Only DNA testing could sort one being from the other.

Using the theory of Guy Debord, this paper will focus on food packaging, arguing that it is less about informing the consumer than it is a spectacle, as well as the opacity of the supply chain and the contribution of each to the horse meat scandal. While the spectacle belongs to the realm of sight, its reach goes much further. That is why the horse meat scandal is striking: it allows us to see a rift in the spectacular veil of commodity production but also to acknowledge how its effects extend to the body. As I will outline in my exposition of the scandal’s timeline and initial outcome, one of the first considerations when news of the adulteration reached government officials was whether it was one of fraud alone or a risk to human health as well. In this instance, it was judged that it was an example of food crime, and that only the sensibilities of the public had been offended. But there is yet a darker lining to this story, when if something so seemingly substantial as horse flesh can mix imperceptibly with beef flesh, then one can only imagine what other invisibles could pass through the supply chain and into our bodies unnoticed.

From the 1990s the Italian agribusiness sector is increasingly threatened by a new and dangerous phenomenon: organized crime in the agribusiness sector. The so-called "Agromafia" imposes its control throughout the whole agricultural supply chain, from production to retail, passing through the processing industry, transports and large-scale distribution. In this paper we examine the relationship between eco-crimes and consumer food and non-alcoholic drinks price index for the 20 Italian regions and 80 Italian provinces in the 1998-2016 period. At regional level, as a proxy for the Agromafia's activities, we build an ad hoc eco-criminal index for every region using data annually elaborated from Legambiente. At province level, as a proxy for Agromafia's activities, we use eight specific variables: extortions, counterfeiting, contraband, forest fires, all types of fires, money laundering, suspicious money transfers, and an ad hoc eco-criminal index. The analysis shows that the Agromafia can consistently affect the whole agribusiness sector, causing an increase in food prices, especially in south of the country. The ten most affected provinces by phenomenon register a food consumer price index about 12% higher than the least ten affected provinces. By the contrast, in the center-north of Italy money laundering seems to reduce food consumer prices through the reinvestment of illicit proceeds in firms with strong cost advantages.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between the crude oil price and food prices in Turkey for the quarterly period in 2000-2013 by using a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lags (NARDL) model. NARDL results suggest that asymmetric cointegration exists among the variables, namely, the food prices, oil prices, energy prices and real income. Furthermore, empirical findings show that there is also significant transmission of oil prices to food prices. The long-run coefficient is significant, due to both positive and negative changes of oil prices on food price. The effect of the positive changes in oil prices on food prices is as follows; an increase of 1% oil prices, result in a 0.47 % rise in food prices. Moreover, the effect of the negative changes in oil prices on food prices is smaller in magnitude, with a 1 % decrease of changes in oil prices resulting in a nearly 0.19 % decrease in food prices. Our results suggest that in the long-run, changes of the positive in oil prices have a considerably larger impact on the food prices compared to negative changes in oil prices in Turkey. As expected, the coefficients on real income and energy prices are found to be positive, which indicate that 1% increase of the real income and energy prices increase food prices by around 0.24% and 0.19%, respectively