Flight operations

The aviation sector is at the forefront of leveraging big data and artificial intelligence to redefine its operational landscape. This document delves into the transformative impact of data analytics on aviation management, covering key areas such as fleet optimization, predictive maintenance, route planning, customer engagement, and safety protocols. By integrating real-world examples from industry leaders like Delta Air Lines, Lufthansa, and Singapore Airlines, it highlights innovations that have boosted efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced passenger satisfaction.
With an emphasis on predictive analytics, optimization algorithms, and machine learning, the document outlines practical applications and emerging trends that position data-driven strategies as critical to the industry's sustainability and growth. It also addresses challenges, such as data privacy and regulatory compliance, while forecasting advancements in quantum computing and AI.
Key performance indicators (KPIs) like Revenue Passenger Kilometres (RPK), Cost per Available Seat Mile (CASM), and On-Time Performance (OTP) provide a framework for evaluating aviation success. This comprehensive analysis equips stakeholders with the insights needed to navigate the evolving aviation landscape and ensure long-term profitability and operational excellence.


Key words: AI & Big Data for airlines, Operations efficiency of airlines, airlines management, airlines performance parameters, best airlines in world, Airlines software

The present disclosure relates to flightpath optimization, and more specifically, to optimizing the altitude and the speed of an aircraft at various sections of the flightpath to account for various parameters by which the efficiency of the aircraft is measured. A flightpath includes a trajectory, which indicates the altitude and the speed of the aircraft over the course of the flightpath. As will be appreciated, the altitude and speed of an aircraft may vary over the course of a journey from takeoff to landing, but aircraft generally climb/descend to a specified altitude and maintain a specified speed on a specified heading for an extended period of time. Changes in altitude or speed may affect how quickly an aircraft reaches the destination, an amount of fuel consumed, a level of noise produced (in the cabin or the environment), which weather patterns the aircraft interacts with, and a level of wear-and-tear on components of the aircraft, among other effects. Different operators may prioritize increasing or decreasing the values of various parameters relative to one another when setting a flightpath, however, generating a flightpath optimized according to an operator’s preferences from the available options can be a time and processor-resource intensive operation.

Original scientific paper The paper is focused on the preliminary aerodynamic analyses of a new light aircraft in symmetrical flight configurations. Initial calculations have been done using a 3D vortex lattice method. Since this method is based on inviscid flow concept, the non-linear calibration diagrams for the effectiveness and circulation of control surfaces have been derived from wind tunnel test data of an existing airplane. These calibration functions have been interpolated for a new light aircraft geometry, and analyses of lift and moment coefficients with different flaps and elevator deflections have been performed. Deflected flaps and elevator generate local lift redistributions which contribute to the induced drag, even at angles of attack when the total airplane lift is zero, which has been successfully determined by the applied CFD model. Parasite drag components, omitted by CFD calculations, have been obtained using DVL and Datcom methods and superimposed with CFD results, giving complete new aircraft polars, which have been successfully applied in longitudinal stability and basic performance estimates.

Original scientific paper The paper is focused on the preliminary aerodynamic analyses of a new light aircraft in symmetrical flight configurations. Initial calculations have been done using a 3D vortex lattice method. Since this method is based on inviscid flow concept, the non-linear calibration diagrams for the effectiveness and circulation of control surfaces have been derived from wind tunnel test data of an existing airplane. These calibration functions have been interpolated for a new light aircraft geometry, and analyses of lift and moment coefficients with different flaps and elevator deflections have been performed. Deflected flaps and elevator generate local lift redistributions which contribute to the induced drag, even at angles of attack when the total airplane lift is zero, which has been successfully determined by the applied CFD model. Parasite drag components, omitted by CFD calculations, have been obtained using DVL and Datcom methods and superimposed with CFD res...

Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) is the most common type of aircraft crashes in the world of aviation today. Following the sheer volume of terrain collisions, there was an introduction of CFIT classification to enable the grouping into one category of all crashes involving aircrafts colliding with terrains. To avert CFIT accidents, the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) was introduced onboard the aircraft for the flight crew to be aware of the moment the aircraft is approaching a ground terrain via automatic and very distinct acoustic warning. This paper presents a digital display ground proximity warning system as a teaching aid with audio prompt using ultrasonic sensor to produce forward distance from aircraft to obstacle ahead, height, inclination of aircraft in relation to its terrain beneath the aircraft and a digital computer interface for instrument visualization for better performance using graphic user interface (GUI) thereby enabling clearer understanding on GPWS. The Arduino IDE using Arduino sketch and C language were used on the Arduino Uno. The aircraft was integrated with different electronic modules which includes Arduino single board, Ultrasonic sensor, accelerometer and transceiver module, and all these uses the Arduino to read the signal from the sensor, processes and transmit to the base station wirelessly via radio frequency. Simulation results indicates that the responses of the models are a replica of the actual aircraft operations.

Kapal mengalami keterlambatan dalam proses pengangkutan muatan semen curah sehingga mengalami waktu tunggu yang dapat mempengaruhi target pencapaian pengangkutan muatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan muatan kapal dan waiting time terhadap volume muatan kapal yang diangkut di kapal milik PT. Indobaruna Bulk Transport. Tidak tercapainya target pengangkutan volume muatan kapal per tahun dikarenakan keterlambatan ketersediaan muatan kapal dan angka waiting time yang tinggi sehingga target pengangkutan muatan tidak tercapai. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 3 bulan dengan meneliti sebanyak 7 kapal dengan jenis voyage charter milik PT. Indobaruna Bulk Transport yang seluruhnya merupakan kapal bermuatan semen curah. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dengan α = 0,05 adalah: (1) adanya hubungan yang positif dan sangat kuat antara ketesediaan muatan kapal terhadap volume muatan kapal yang diangkut di kapal milik PT. Indobaruna Bulk Tansport, dimana rx1y =0,92 dengan thitung=5,125 dan koefisien determinasi sebesar 84%, (2) adanya hubungan yang positif dan kuat antara waiting time terhadap volume muatan kapal yang diangkut di kapal milik PT. Indobaruna Bulk Transport, dimana rx2y=0,76 dengan thitung=3,930 serta koefisien determinasi sebesar 57%, (3) adanya hubungan yang kuat antara ketersediaan muatan kapal dan waiting time terhadap volume muatan kapal yang diangkut di kapal milik PT. Indobaruna Bulk Transport, dimana rx1x2y=0,94 dengan Fhitung=7,25 serta koefisien determinasi sebesar 88%.

Provinsi Lampung memiliki sebuah bandara yang bernama Bandar Udara Radin Inten II. Keberhasilan kegiatan ground handling tentu mempunyai peranan penting hal ini lah yang menjadi tugas bagi PT. Gapura Angkasa sebagai salah satu perusahaan jasa ground handling yang melayani kegiatan ramp handling. Banyak risiko yang dihadapi oleh ramp dispatcher saat melaksanakan tugasnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana risiko dan faktor penyebab kecelakaan pada kegiatan ramp handling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi partisipatif, wawancara terstruktur dan dokumentasi. Dokumentasi yang digunakan berupa ramp activity checklist yang berlaku. Wawancara terstruktur dilakukan kepada narasumber Kepala Divisi Ramp Handling, petugas engineering, dan petugas divisi operation yang bertugas di Bandar Udara Radin Inten II Lampung. Keabsahan data kualitatif dengan metode triangulasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat beber...

Flight safety is a state of fulfilling safety requirements in the use of airspace, aircraft, airport, air transport, flight navigation, and supporting facilities and other public facilities. To support flight safety, effective and efficient technology is needed in order to influence flight safety. In this study, researchers chose Electronic Flight Bag to be the system used to support flight safety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the effectiveness of the use of Electronic Flight Bag on Flight Safety of PT. Garuda Indonesia. The research design uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The data used in this study came from primary data obtained based on the distribution of questionnaires distributed to the research sample of 30 pilots of all PT. Garuda Indonesia with B777-300R aircraft type with Simple Linear Regression data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of the use of Electronic Flight Bags has a positive and significant effect on flight safety by 18.5%. The effectiveness of the use of Electronic Flight Bag PT. Garuda Indonesia of 0.396 in this case can be interpreted that there is a positive relationship. The moment coefficient value of 0.431 between the EFB effectiveness variable and the flight safety variable can be said to be moderate. And there is a 0.017 level of significance can prove the level of significance is below 0.05 in a positive direction so there is a relationship between the effectiveness of EFB with flight safety. Then the results of this study were rejected H0 and Ha accepted.

The international trade and activities have elevated the bustles in Husein Sastranegara International Airport, Bandung. Therefore, it needs more control in apron administered by the Apron Movement Control (AMC) that has licenses and ratings to do the job as the supervisor of flight operation activities, control, aircraft movements, traffic, and cleanliness control in the apron areas. The objectiveof this study is to analyze the relationships between control unit in Apron Movement Control (AMC) and the discipline of apron service users in Husein Sastranegara International Airport. The research method used in this study is qualitative design. The result of the study based on the hypothesis shows that the value of t count = 6.71 while t table = 1.734 in level of significance is 5% . Since t count > t table (6.71>1.734) consequently, Ha is accepted and Ho is denied. This study shows that the hypothesis is proved to be true that there is a relationship between the control unit of A...

Perturbative guidance techniques are aimed at driving a space vehicle along a prescribed, nominal path, leading to fullfilling the boundary conditions associated with the mission specifications. This work describes and applies the recently introduced, general-purpose perturbative guidance termed variable-time-domain neighboring optimal guidance, which assumes the optimal spacecraft trajectory as the nominal path. Minimization of the second differential of the objective function along the perturbed trajectory leads to deriving all the corrective maneuvers, in the context of an iterative closed-loop guidance scheme. Original analytical developments, based on optimal control theory and adoption of a variable time domain, constitute the theoretical foundation for several original features. The real-time feedback guidance at hand is exempt from the main disadvantages of similar algorithms proposed in the past, such as the occurrence of singularities for the gain matrices. The variable-time-domain neighboring optimal guidance algorithm is applied to two space maneuvers: (i) minimum-time exoatmospheric interception of moving targets and (ii) fast lunar ascent and orbit injection. Perturbations arising from nonnominal propulsive thrust or from errors in the initial conditions are included in the dynamical simulations. Extensive Monte Carlo campaigns are performed, and unequivocally prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the variable-time-domain neighboring optimal guidance algorithm.

Um método para melhorar a eficiência de combustível em voo de uma aeronave inclui sensorear o peso de combustível de aeronave nos tanques de combustível da aeronave e ler o peso de combustível por um sistema de gerenciamento de voo durante o voo da aeronave; calcular uma posição de centro de gravidade atual a partir do peso de combustível; calcular um fator de resistência de equilíbrio longitudinal de aeronave a partir do centro de gravidade atual; e ajustar uma previsão de queima de combustível utilizando o fator de resistência de equilíbrio longitudinal. um sistema para melhorar a eficiência de combustível em voo de aeronave inclui um sistema de gerenciamento de voo programado para calcular uma posição de centro de gravidade atual a partir de um peso de combustível de aeronave atual, calcular um fator de resistência de equilíbrio longitudinal a partir do centro de gravidade atual, ajustar uma previsão de queima de combustível, e exibir na cabine de comando uma previsão de queima de combustível ajustada para cada segmento de voo de aeronave, que é usada para ajustar o desempenho da aeronave automaticamente pelo sistema de controle de voo ou pelo piloto

Métodos para otimizar uma subida de cruzeiro de uma aeronave e operar uma aeronave, e, aeronave. um método para otimizar uma subida de cruzeiro de uma aeronave. o método inclui utilizar navegação vertical e navegação lateral para rastrear a subida de cruzeiro; e utilizar rastreamento da subida de cruzeiro para ajustar uma taxa de subida da aeronave para corresponder a uma taxa de subida ideal.

A go-around is a relevant safety event that may occur during the approach phase of the flight due to several reasons such as unstable approach, loss of separation or adverse weather. In dense terminal areas, this maneuver can generate significant additional Air Traffic Control (ATC) workload as it requires a quick and accurate reaction to reintegrate the flight into the traffic flow and immediately establish a new approach and landing sequence. In current operations, air traffic controllers typically become aware of a go-around during or after their execution, which leads to a very short time horizon for decision-making. This research aims to evaluate the operational impacts of a real-time monitoring and alerting solution for ATC decision support in approach control facilities and aerodrome control towers. Based on a human-in-the-loop simulation of air traffic operations at the Sao Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport, we assess how the presence of an alert that anticipates the occurrence of a go-around affects the ATC performance. The results showed an increase in the perceived levels of situation awareness and safety as well as an increase in the efficiency of ATC decisions concerning the go-around, with an observed reduction of nearly two minutes in the flight time from the start of the maneuver and the landing when the alert was active.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) released the 2022 Global Aviation Flight Safety Report, revealing a reduction in the number of fatal accidents, compared to the 2021 figures and the average of the last five years prior. The Boeing Company has been gathering and studying accident data involving commercial aircraft since 1959. The last Boeing report published on the subject in August 2022 points out that the highest percentage of fatal accidents occurred in the final approach and landing phases. One of the causes of an unstable approach is the pilot’s inability to manage the aircraft’s total energy (translational kinetic and gravitational potential) during the approach phase since there is no directly related indication in the cockpit. Be that as may, both low and high-energy scenarios can lead to a non-stabilized approach during the final segment, thus representing the most common contributing factor that leads to a loss of control in flight, controlled flight into terrain, and runway excursion. Traditionally, flight safety management systems use Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) applications to assess the risk level of flight operations, based on the volume of exceedances occurring in the various flight phases. In the present work, three Boeing 737-400 approaches at Eduardo Gomes International Airport (SBEG) in Manaus, Brazil, have been analyzed taking advantage of all flight data collected from an FDM system to identify and understand possible atypical data, as well as potential precursors of unstable approaches from the initial approach phase on that can lead to accidents or incidents. A total specific energy condition monitoring method has been applied to such data to determine specific low- and high-energy scenarios applicable to such locations. The results are conveyed and combined into pilot training recommendations to mitigate unstable approach risks and in the final instance, to avoid accidents.

Una visión histórica de la seguridad en las aerolíneas desde un punto de vista ecológico. Es una invitación a expertos o estudiantes avanzados para continuar un trabajo descriptivo práctico de gestión de la seguridad como parte integral de un sistema de gestión cibernético apoyado en nuevas tecnologías.

Kapal mengalami keterlambatan dalam proses pengangkutan muatan semen curah sehingga mengalami waktu tunggu yang dapat mempengaruhi target pencapaian pengangkutan muatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan muatan kapal dan waiting time terhadap volume muatan kapal yang diangkut di kapal milik PT. Indobaruna Bulk Transport. Tidak tercapainya target pengangkutan volume muatan kapal per tahun dikarenakan keterlambatan ketersediaan muatan kapal dan angka waiting time yang tinggi sehingga target pengangkutan muatan tidak tercapai. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 3 bulan dengan meneliti sebanyak 7 kapal dengan jenis voyage charter milik PT. Indobaruna Bulk Transport yang seluruhnya merupakan kapal bermuatan semen curah. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dengan α = 0,05 adalah: (1) adanya hubungan yang positif dan sangat kuat antara ketesediaan muatan kapal terhadap volume muatan kapal yang diangkut di kapal milik PT. Indobaruna Bulk Tansport, dimana rx1y =0,92 dengan thitung=5,125 dan koefisien determinasi sebesar 84%, (2) adanya hubungan yang positif dan kuat antara waiting time terhadap volume muatan kapal yang diangkut di kapal milik PT. Indobaruna Bulk Transport, dimana rx2y=0,76 dengan thitung=3,930 serta koefisien determinasi sebesar 57%, (3) adanya hubungan yang kuat antara ketersediaan muatan kapal dan waiting time terhadap volume muatan kapal yang diangkut di kapal milik PT. Indobaruna Bulk Transport, dimana rx1x2y=0,94 dengan Fhitung=7,25 serta koefisien determinasi sebesar 88%.

In dealing with the annunciated malfunctions (the malfunctions warned by the annunciator lights) in flight, the Boeing B737 Next Generation (NG) pilots are expected to be familiar with those annunciator lights, their meanings if illuminated, the conditions of the systems, and the objectives of the procedures written in the Non-Normal Checklist (NNC).

Resumo: O mercado da aviação civil no Brasil aumentou significativamente nos últimos anos, tornando o setor cada vez mais impactante na economia do país. Desta forma, estudos que buscam entender melhor sua dinâmica de funcionamento são muito relevantes. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar os dez aeroportos mais movimentados do país através de medidas de centralidade de proximidade em rede. Para tal, foi realizada uma coleta de informações dentro da base de dados dos organismos do setor aéreo brasileiro, e, em seguida, foi realizada a análise de centralidade com o auxílio do software Ucinet 6.363. Os estudos indicaram uma grande concentração da atividade do setor aeroviário na região sudeste e os aeroportos de maior intensidade com a rede. Este trabalho ainda apresenta uma discussão que visa contribuir na escolha de um centro logístico dentro da malha dos aeroportos mais movimentados do território nacional.

Since 2003, the Microsatellite and Space Microsystems Lab at the University of Bologna (UniBo) has extended his research activities to the design of a ground segment for small satellites missions. In the framework of the European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO), an ESA Education Office project for the development of a microsatellite mission, with SITAEL S.p.A. as the Industrial System Prime Contractor, the firstgeneration GS has been upgraded to support ESEO operations. UniBo was in charge for the design and development of the Mission Control Centre (MCC), the implementation of the primary ground station for telemetry and telecommand operations, and of the secondary one for the downlink of payloads data. ESEO was launched on December 3 rd , 2018. Soon after launch, the activities planned for the Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP) were forced to be held back due to the lack of success in commanding the spacecraft. After weeks of coordinated efforts among spacecraft operators, spacecraft engineers and ESA technical staff, LEOP activities could be resumed, thanks to the support of the radio amateur community and of ES5PC ground station in Tartu. Since then, new challenges are coming, which need to be faced for ESEO mission to advance further: this paper provides a thorough perspective of the achievements and lessons learnt during these months of operations.

Amsterdam Schiphol Airport is referred to as Schiphol airport in this report. 2 The preliminary report that was published by the Board on 28 April 2009 made mention of 83 injured passengers instead of 117. This difference is caused by becoming available, during the investigation, of accurate data concerning the injuries of occupants and the application of another injury classification (see Appendix E). 106 C-check: regular maintenance on the aircraft that takes place every 7000 flight hours or 2 years (whichever occurs first). This varies with regard to each aircraft type and use. The maintenance is performed by taking the aircraft out of service. 107 A-check: regular maintenance on the aircraft that takes place every 600 flight hours or 2 months (whichever occurs first). This varies with regard to each aircraft type and use. This maintenance can take place at night at the gate without having to take the aircraft out of service. 108 Certified to be used in models 737-600, 737-700, 737-700C, 737-800, 737-900 and BBJ (Boeing Business Jet). 109 Certified to be used in models 737-600, 737-700, 737-700C, 737-800, 737-900 and BBJ (Boeing Business Jet).

Fuel consumption is a critical aspect of aviation that directly impacts the cost, safety, and environmental impact of air travel. Aircraft require significant amounts of fuel to power their engines and maintain their altitude and speed during flight. Therefore, optimizing fuel consumption is a key priority for airlines, pilots, and aviation engineers. By understanding the factors that affect fuel consumption airlines can develop fuel-efficient flight plans and operational procedures that reduce costs and minimize the environmental impact of air travel. Research on ways to reduce fuel consumption are ongoing and lots of investment and research is required to improve the efficiency and sustainability of air transportation. In this review paper we will be discussing the ways airlines can reduce overall fuel burn in different phases of flight by using certain methods and procedures.

The current study features collected information from a heterogeneous group of pilots regarding their prior experiences of hypoxia. The study focuses on whether the group of assembled pilots has received hypoxia training and on their perceptions of the trainings relevancy. Also analyzed is whether the installation of a physiological monitoring system would be considered by pilots as being relevant to improving flight safety. A monitoring system for brain oximetry was tested in light aviation pilots during real flight conditions

Fuel consumption is a critical aspect of aviation that directly impacts the cost, safety, and environmental impact of air travel. Aircraft require significant amounts of fuel to power their engines and maintain their altitude and speed during flight. Therefore, optimizing fuel consumption is a key priority for airlines, pilots, and aviation engineers. By understanding the factors that affect fuel consumption airlines can develop fuel-efficient flight plans and operational procedures that reduce costs and minimize the environmental impact of air travel. Research on ways to reduce fuel consumption are ongoing and lots of investment and research is required to improve the efficiency and sustainability of air transportation. In this review paper we will be discussing the ways airlines can reduce overall fuel burn in different phases of flight by using certain methods and procedures.

Since 2003, the Microsatellite and Space Microsystems Lab at the University of Bologna (UniBo) has extended his research activities to the design of a ground segment for small satellites missions. In the framework of the European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO), an ESA Education Office project for the development of a microsatellite mission, with SITAEL S.p.A. as the Industrial System Prime Contractor, the firstgeneration GS has been upgraded to support ESEO operations. UniBo was in charge for the design and development of the Mission Control Centre (MCC), the implementation of the primary ground station for telemetry and telecommand operations, and of the secondary one for the downlink of payloads data. ESEO was launched on December 3 rd , 2018. Soon after launch, the activities planned for the Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP) were forced to be held back due to the lack of success in commanding the spacecraft. After weeks of coordinated efforts among spacecraft operators, spacecraft engineers and ESA technical staff, LEOP activities could be resumed, thanks to the support of the radio amateur community and of ES5PC ground station in Tartu. Since then, new challenges are coming, which need to be faced for ESEO mission to advance further: this paper provides a thorough perspective of the achievements and lessons learnt during these months of operations.

nalisa Efektivitas Waktu dan Biaya Proyek ditinjau dari Unsur – Unsur Manajemen Proyek. Masalah keterlambatan dalam industri konstruksi merupakan fenoemena nasional dan tidak terkecuali pada proyek Overlay Runway Bandara Internasional Soekarno – Hatta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1)apa saja faktor – fator keterlambatan yang berpengaruh terhadap pelaksanaan proyek Overlay Runway Bandara Internasional Soekarno – Hatta. (2) apa saja yang timbul dari keterlambatan proyek pada pelaksanaan proyek Overlay Runway Bandara Internasional Soekarno – Hatta. (3) Bagaimana pengaruh faktor keterlambatan pelakanaan proyek Overlay Runway Bandara Internasional Soekarno – Hatta.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kaulitatif, penelitian ini tidak diarahkan untuk untuk membuktikan hipotesis, tetapi lebih ditekankan pada pengumpulan data yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan keadaan sesungguhnya yang terjadi di lapangan. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan...

In 2003 we proposed an effort to develop a core program of standardized training and verification practices and standards against which the implementation of these practices could be measured. The purpose was to provide another means of risk reduction for deep space missions to preclude the likelihood of a repeat of the tragedies of the 1998 Mars missions. We identified six areas where the application of standards and standardization would benefit the overall readiness process for flight projects at JPL. These are Individual Training, Team Training, Interface and Procedure Development, Personnel Certification, Interface and procedure Verification, and Operations Readiness Testing. In this paper we will discuss the progress that has been made in the tasks of developing the proposed infrastructure in each of these areas. Specifically we will address the Position Training and Certification Standards that are now available for each operational position found on our Flight Operations Teams (FOT). We will also discuss the MGSS Baseline Flight Operations Team Training Plan which can be tailored for each new flight project at JPL. As these tasks have been progressing, the climate and emphasis for Training and for V &V at .JPL has changed, and we have learned about the expansion, growth, and limitations in the roles of traditional positions at JPL such as the Project's Training Engineer, V &V Engineer, and Operations Engineer. The need to keep a tight rein on budgets has led to a merging and/or reduction in these positions which pose challenges to individual capacities and capabilities. We examine the evolution of these processes and the roles involved while taking a look at the impact or potential impact of our proposed training related infrastructure tasks. As we conclude our examination of the changes taking place for new flight projects, we see that the importance of proceeding with our proposed tasks and adapting them to the changing climate remains an important element in reducing the risk in the challenging business of space exploration.

This research aimed to identify risk management elements in the Commercial Pilot-Airplane Airman Certification Standards (ACS), and to evaluate tasks relating to or involving human factors. The investigation examined the risk management elements under each task in the Commercial Pilot-Airplane ACS and classified them under the preconditions for unsafe acts of the Human Factors Analysis Classification System (HFACS). The method of investigation was a qualitative research approach to determine the human factors element prevalent in the Commercial Pilot-Airplane ACS. Three research questions were stated: (1) Which factor under the preconditions for unsafe of HFACS has the highest number of tasks relating to or involving human factors? (2) Which risk management element is prevalent in the commercial airplane pilot ACS? (3) In order of priority, which risk elements need to be emphasized in the training programs? An analysis of the data and information synthesis was done to arrive at resu...

In transportation field, reliability is the probability of reaching the destination from the starting point within the expected time. While the concept of reliability, including travel time reliability model and its evaluation indicators have been extensively studied in ground transportation, they are relatively very scarce in air transportation. Flight block time reliability not only exert a strong influence on passenger behavior but also greatly affect aerodromes, airlines and air traffic management, thus affecting the entire air transportation. This paper proposes a methodology for evaluating the flight block time under different delay time windows. We applied the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) method to set windows which reflects different delays. We proposed a probabilistic model of flight block time based on a series system. A case study is performed to compare flight block time, flight air time, flight taxi-in time, and flight taxi-out time at different time reliability metrics with different delays. In particular, we found the best fit for each flight time segment of three delay time windows among nine well-known distribution functions to calculate the flight block time reliability indexes. Based on our analysis, we find that the reliability of delay time window 3 from 22:20-23:00 to be relatively less compared to the other delay time windows. The results from the reliability estimation demonstrate that the model is efficient in estimating the reliability of flight block time in different delay time windows. INDEX TERMS Flight operations, flight block time reliability, flight time distribution, DBSCAN, flight delay.

During in-flight emergencies, a pilot's workload increases significantly and it is often during this period of increased stress that human errors occur that consequently diminish the flight safety. Research studies indicate that many plane crashes can be attributed to ineffective cockpit instrument monitoring by the pilot. This manuscript entails the development of Flight Guardian 5 (FG) system being first of its kind that aims to provide efficient flight-deck awareness to improve flight safety while assisting the pilot in abnormal situations. The system is intended to be used in older aircrafts that cannot easily or cost effectively be modified with modern digital avionic systems. One of the important feature of FG system being not physically connected to the aircraft, avoids any impact on airworthiness or the need for re-certification. For the first time, a composite of techniques including video analysis, knowledge representation, and machine belief representations are combined to build a novel flight-deck warning system. The prototype system is tested in both; simulation based Lab and real flight environments under the guidance of expert pilots. The overall system performance is evaluated using statistical analysis of experimental results that proved the robustness of proposed methodology in terms of automated warning generation in hazardous situations.

Cabin crew merupakan orang yang bertanggung jawab terhadap keselamatan para penumpangselama penerbangan. Dalam menghadapi penumpang, cabin crew harus mengerti dan mengenali perasaan orang lain dalam lingkungan kerja sehingga menciptakan suasana yang baik bagi penumpang dan cabin crew yang dipengaruhi oleh kecerdasan emosional para cabin crew. Pengetahuan dan kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh cabin crew menunjukkan tingkat kecerdasan intelektual yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kecerdasan intelektual dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap kinerja cabin crew Maskapai Garuda Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan metode angket (kuesioner). Populasi yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini adalah cabin crew maskapai Garuda Indonesia dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 orang. Uji instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS versi 22.0. Hasil penelitia...

This paper presents a linear programming model designed to determine the optimum fuel loading quantities along a route network for a Brazilian domestic airline. Assuming that there are no volume purchase or storage capacity restrictions on each station, the analysis is carried out for one aircraft on one day of its schedule. Results are extrapolated for a monthly and yearly basis. Through the proposed model, it is seen that such a fuel tankering technique leads to a 5% economical saving, but produces a 1% additional fuel burn. A discussion on the environmental impact for this procedure is also proposed.

Data processing for row and 10' data: • [TSV] contains the all information collected at all stations; • Extract and set by time (10 minutes average) raw-data recorded: • [RAD] station/monthly data files whith 10' data. • 10' data values control: c c iflag = 0 : (good) c = 1 : > 0.9*x0 (bad) c = 2 : 0.8*x0 = <x> 0.9*x0 (suspect) c x0: Extraterrestrial irradiance

This study was carried out for the purpose to research the relationship between pilot's leadership styles and crew resource management practices. The data obtained were collected from 104 pilots working at the airports in Istanbul by survey data collection method; 3 of them were deemed invalid and 101 questionnaires were tested in the SPSS'21 package program. Factor analysis was executed to test the validity and reliability of the scales and as a result of the normality analysis applied, spearmen correlation analysis was applied based on the assumption that the distribution was not normal; linear regression analysis was applied to test the effect hypothesis. As consequence of the regression analysis, ıt has been revealed that has a meaningful and positive effect on attitudes towards the cockpit management of the pilot's autocratic leadership style; on attitudes towards individual performance in stress, fatigue and emergency situations of democratic leadership style; on attitudes towards communication, coordination and teamwork of libertarian leadership style. It is thought that the study will contribute to the understanding of the "leadership approaches of pilots" in crew resource management practices and thus contribute to flight safety.

Subsonic general configuration aircrafts? unsteady longitudinal aerodynamic stability derivatives can be estimated using finite element methodology based on the Doublet Lattice Method (DLM), the Slender Body Theory (SBT) and the Method of Images (MI). Applying this methodology, software DERIV is developed. The obtained results from DERIV are compared to NASTRAN examples HA21A and HA75H. A good agreement is achieved.

This study was carried out for the purpose to research the relationship between pilot's leadership styles and crew resource management practices. The data obtained were collected from 104 pilots working at the airports in Istanbul by survey data collection method; 3 of them were deemed invalid and 101 questionnaires were tested in the SPSS'21 package program. Factor analysis was executed to test the validity and reliability of the scales and as a result of the normality analysis applied, spearmen correlation analysis was applied based on the assumption that the distribution was not normal; linear regression analysis was applied to test the effect hypothesis. As consequence of the regression analysis, ıt has been revealed that has a meaningful and positive effect on attitudes towards the cockpit management of the pilot's autocratic leadership style; on attitudes towards individual performance in stress, fatigue and emergency situations of democratic leadership style; on attitudes towards communication, coordination and teamwork of libertarian leadership style. It is thought that the study will contribute to the understanding of the "leadership approaches of pilots" in crew resource management practices and thus contribute to flight safety.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of job satisfaction on the turnover intention of airline crew on X airline with organizational commitment and intent to stay as the mediating variable. This study uses a quantitative method, using convenience sampling technique to determine the sample of airline X airline cabin crew throughout Indonesia who are still actively contracted and working for airline X, this airline is under the auspices of PT Lion Mentari Airlines. There were 85 cabin crew whose data were successfully collected through a questionnaire distributed on google form. The data that has been collected is processed with PLS SEM using program SmartPLS software. The results showed that job satisfaction has an influence on organizational commitment, organizational commitment has an influence on intent to stay, job satisfaction has an influence on turnover intention, and job satisfaction has an influence on turnover intention of airline crew cabin X with organizational...

Global warming has become one of the biggest environmental issues. To reduce its effect on climate change, the aviation industry is constantly looking for ways to decrease fuel emissions of modern airplanes, either by applying new technologies to existing airplane structures or by increasing the aircraft performance in flight. These measures could reduce significantly the fuel consumption of today’s commercial airplanes. Among other solutions proposed by various engineers, the use of renewable energy sources looks especially promising since electric engines could provide near emission-free propulsion. This thesis proposes an optimal control framework for flight management systems of turbofan and all-electric aircraft. The optimal control problem of economy mode is solved using Pontryagin’s minimum principle. The economy mode optimization problem corresponds to the minimization of a functional parameterized by a coefficient index that performs a trade-off between the cost of fuel or ...

Garuda Indonesia, as the first airline that is moving to Terminal 3 is facing a serious issue regarding on-time performance as the new terminal is not completely prepared for operations. This research is conducted using a comparative method to compare the on-time performance of Garuda Indonesia in the first half of 2016 (January to June 2016) and the second half of 2016 (July to December 2016) and point out the issues in the Terminal 3 of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport where Garuda Indonesia's domestic flight operations is conducted.