Fire station

Fire and gas leaks can be dangerous, causing harm to people and property. This paper presents a smart fire and gas detection system that improves safety using multiple sensors and automatic decision-making. The system includes four gas sensors and a five-channel flame sensor, both providing digital signals to detect risks. A voting method is used for gas detection to reduce false alarms. An LM35 temperature sensor also checks the surrounding temperature and alerts when it reaches dangerous levels. When a hazard is detected, the system turns on a buzzer and LED lights to warn people. An infrared sensor detects a human entry into hazardous areas and provides an alert. If a fire is detected, a sprinkler system automatically activates to control the flames. To handle false alarms, a push button is provided to stop the system, along with an LED indicator. All monitoring and control are done through a LabVIEW interface. This system provides a reliable and easy-to-use solution for fire and gas safety.

Over the past few decades, the metropolis of Isfahan has accelerated the process of unsustainable development with its excessive physical development, industrial development, service costs, air pollution, marginalization, etc., which requires attention to development indicators and trends. It requires the axis in the field of sustainability. Prosperity has indicators that affect social stability as one of the pillars of sustainable development. This research has analyzed the components of urban prosperity in the metropolis of Isfahan by using the cross-effects analysis technique as well as MicMac and Scenario Wizard software. The results of

The study assesses service operators' role and awareness level in environmental health and safety practices in the petroleum (downstream) sector / Fuel Service Station (FSS) in Adentan Municipality in Ghana. A total of 50 managers and workers were used as the sample size for the study, of which 18 were female and 32 were male. The study was a descriptive survey, with a questionnaire as the instrument for data gathering. The final data were analyzed using descriptive statistics like percentages and frequencies through SPSS IBM 27. The two main objectives of the study were to examine the role of operators in participating in environmental health and safety in fuel service stations and to establish the level of awareness of the operators about environmental health and safety. The study revealed that operators of FSS within the petroleum downstream sector have major roles to play in environmental health and safety by enforcing health and safety policies established by law and regulations for Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE). The findings again showed that the level of awareness of the operators on environmental health and safety is very high and paramount in the FSS, as they showed positive concern about worker Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) provision and standardized procedures for investigating and reporting accidents.

Firefighting services must provide a high rate of relief to ensure public safety. These rescue services are usually provided by vehicles stationed at fire stations. One of the most important issues in this regard is the location of these stations in the metropolitan area, so that they have the highest impact for emergency relief. To prioritize the five districts of Rasht to create or add new fire stations, five indices: area size, population, traffic, land usage and risk capability were considered as decision indicators. The statistical population for sampling was firefighters in Rasht. One station from each district and two firefighters from each district (10 firefighters in total) were selected as samples. The Questionnaire was used for data collection. Fuzzy AHP multi-criteria decision making method was used to rank areas of Rasht city. According to the results, the fourth zone with equal weight (0.305), first zone (0.210), fifth zone (0.174), third zone (0.173) and the second zone (0.136) were prioritized for construction of the new station, respectively.

Among the wide set of requests of interventions sent to a fire station, the so called 'micro calamities' may play a significant role. They are characterized by simultaneous requests of low severity mark from a spread area. These events are completely comparable to those referring to the post-crisis humanitarian logistics. A pure cost-based approach does not fit with this operative issue, as well as a pure minimum latency approach, which is typically applied in the previous acute phases. Thereby, a bi-objective problem is formulated and solved by means of an 'a priori' scalarization heuristic. A case study shows the applicability of the proposed approach and indicates the opportunity of further investigations.

The vital importance of firefighters stresses the need to study thermal comfort in a fire station
considering the design parameters. However, firefighting is a demanding job inciting high level of
stress to firefighters. Their stress can further be fused by human thermal discomfort which
unfortunately in Nigeria’s hot-dry climate, most buildings meet this requirement by relying
entirely on energy demand to prevent heating or cooling. Therefore, this study examined thermal
comfort in a fire station in Minna, Niger State considering design dependent elements such as
building materials, window size and orientation, thermal mass, shading and vegetation with the
goal of establishing a friendly indoor atmosphere in the midst of a demanding working
environment. Equally, it will lessen the energy demand for heating and cooling and minimize
carbon dioxide emission and environmental damage. However, fieldwork that involved the
collection of objective and subjective data was carried out, and case studies also provided essential
information. Deductions were also made from books, journals and internet. It was then, evident
from this study, that in Nigeria, majority of studies are yet to capture and promote the effect of
design elements on thermal comfort of occupants in a fire station. Hence, the orientation and size
of windows, room heights, as well as sun shading with surrounding vegetation were the most
successful design parameters in terms of thermal performance in a hot dry climate. High level
window openings, thermal mass, sun shading and vegetation around the building, according to this
study, should be considered in future fire station designs to improve ventilation and provide
comfort.
Keywords: Comfort, Design Elements, Fire Station, Thermal.

Cílem diplomové práce je návrh Obecního domu v obci Habrovany u Vyškova. Budova je navržena v mírném svahu, půdorys je nepravidelný, výška objektu v jednotlivých částech rozdílná. Konstrukční system budovy je stěnový podélný. Budova obsahuje tři provozní soubory, a to obecní úřad, hasičskou zbrojnici a kulturně společenský sál. Obecní úřad je dvoupodlažní, ostatní prostory jsou jednopodlažní. Požární zbrojnice má garáž pro dva automobily.The aim of the diploma work is a design of the Municipal House in the municipality of Habrovany u Vyškova. The building is designed in a gentle slope, the ground plan is irregular, the height of the object is different in the individual parts. The model of the building is a linear wall system.The building consists of three work sets which are the municipal authority, a fire station, and a cultural social hall. The municipal authority is a two-floor structure, the other rooms are one-floor ones. The fire station has a garage for two vehicles.

Makale Endüstri Mühendisliği dergisinin "YA/EM 2009 özel sayısı"nda yayımlanmıştır.Özellikle acil hizmetler veren polis, hastane, itfaiye gibi kurumlar için yer seçimi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Uygun bir yer seçimi gerçekleştirilmediği takdirde bunun sonuçları insan hayatını tehlikeye atabilir niteliktedir. İstanbul gibi büyük metropollerde, artan nüfus ve trafik yoğunluğunun yanı sıra bir de metropolün deprem kuşağında olması durumunda, itfaiye araçlarının olay yerine en hızlı şekilde ulaşması hayati önem taşımakta; bu da itfaiye istasyonu yerinin etkin seçimine kritik bir rol yüklemektedir. Bu çalışma; İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafından kararlaştırıldığı gibi, itfaiye teşkilatının her bölgeye en çok beş dakikada erişebilmesi ve kapsama alanının %100 olması hedeflenerek yeni kurulacak olan itfaiye istasyonlarının küme kapsama modeli yardımıyla konumlandırılmasını içermektedir. Bu amaçla bir tamsayı programlama modeli kurulmuş, coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinden elde edile...

The ad hoc comparative analysis method, applied to the standards of fire stations in urban areas of South American Andean countries, allowed evaluating similarities and differences between the implicit norms or regulations of Venezuela, Colombia, Chile and Peru, with the purpose of obtaining design criteria or guidelines for new stations in Lima. Among the results obtained, location criteria have been established based on aspects such as: coverage area, location and risks for the building, public services, emergency communication network, among others. The architectural program consists of areas for: equipment and maintenance, training and education, residential and leisure, administrative and services. The architectural design criteria were grouped into: formal, functional aspects, and technical specialties that condition architecture. Additionally, it was concluded that in the urban area of Lima, for the architectural program, a minimum of 1,317.6 m2 of roofed area is required.

I faglitteratur som omhandler hjem og hverdag, rot og rydding, blir loft og kjeller ofte nevnt, men sjelden løftet frem som eget tema. Kraften, mulighetene og stengslene som disse kottene og kammersene rommer, blir kanskje først og fremst synliggjort i skjønnlitteraturen. Det er her vi får innsyn i hemmelighetsfulle scener og subtile atmosfaerer hvor det meste kan skje: Rommet han befant seg i, var mye større enn det han hadde trodd. Nakne bjelker dekket av spindelvev strakte seg oppover i en pyramidelignende spiss høyt over ham. […] Loftet var stappfullt av gamle saker som i beste fall kunne kalles skrot. Møbler så møllspiste at det bare var fjaerer igjen. En sykkel fullstendig rustet i stykker. En klumpet båndopptager. Et gammeldags kassekamera. En slags pumpedrevet støvsuger. En miksmaster med umake, flate eltekroker. Og en del andre tvilsomme tekniske gjenstander som Nick ikke anta hva var (Shusterman og Elfman 2013:14-15). Dette er innledningen i ungdomsboken Teslas loft der lo...

Location science has a long historical background and the literature of location selection has expanded since it attracts much interest from researchers. As a result of many studies the location science can be classified into several sub-categories; one of which is locating emergency facilities. The determination of locating fire stations is a crucial decision for metropolitans. Reducing response time, maximizing coverage and minimizing the total cost are the most important objectives for selecting the proper location. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is important since it gives an opportunity to study on maps and to have coverage matrices which show the service areas in terms of binary integers and an attractiveness matrix which shows total values of closeness to main roads, residential areas, important buildings and so on. Fire stations have to be located carefully; in an emergency situation the fire department should be able to reach its destination within 5 minutes. He...

Disaster caused by sudden uncertain fire is one of the main reasons for a great loss of properties and human lives. In our paper, we have developed a smart and cost-effective fire detection system based on the IoT that can detect the sudden uncertain fire in a quick succession to reduce the significant loss. The device houses a sensor-based smoke detection system and a camera which could be accessed by the user from anywhere through the use of internet for taking necessary preventive actions based on the reliable assessment. The notification system takes advantage of an online short message service which is connected to the Raspberry Pi module that gets triggered when the smoke sensors detect the smoke and informs the users about the predicament. The device also has a buzzer connected to central module to notify the nearby users.

This project will be presenting the planning, designing, and estimation of fire station at Vattappara. The existing conditions of Valanchery town have no surrounding fire station. So, in this project we are trying to bring a new fire station with all modern facilities and emergency requirements. We would like to provide more facilities such that a spacious parking for fire engines, an office building, rest room and cottage for employees in the fire station in our project. First we would like to learn about the basic requirements and features available in an existing fire station. Then the required survey is done in our plot and the properties of soil in the site are studied well. Then the required drawings are done according to proper scale as per KMBR rule. After that we will do designing of slab, beam, column, footing, sunshade and lintel by using IS 456; 2000, IS 1875, with limit state method of designing.

Makale Endüstri Mühendisliği dergisinin "YA/EM 2009 özel sayısı"nda yayımlanmıştır.Özellikle acil hizmetler veren polis, hastane, itfaiye gibi kurumlar için yer seçimi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Uygun bir yer seçimi gerçekleştirilmediği takdirde bunun sonuçları insan hayatını tehlikeye atabilir niteliktedir. İstanbul gibi büyük metropollerde, artan nüfus ve trafik yoğunluğunun yanı sıra bir de metropolün deprem kuşağında olması durumunda, itfaiye araçlarının olay yerine en hızlı şekilde ulaşması hayati önem taşımakta; bu da itfaiye istasyonu yerinin etkin seçimine kritik bir rol yüklemektedir. Bu çalışma; İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafından kararlaştırıldığı gibi, itfaiye teşkilatının her bölgeye en çok beş dakikada erişebilmesi ve kapsama alanının %100 olması hedeflenerek yeni kurulacak olan itfaiye istasyonlarının küme kapsama modeli yardımıyla konumlandırılmasını içermektedir. Bu amaçla bir tamsayı programlama modeli kurulmuş, coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinden elde edile...

Location science has a long historical background and the literature of location selection has expanded since it attracts much interest from researchers. As a result of many studies the location science can be classified into several sub-categories; one of which is locating emergency facilities. The determination of locating fire stations is a crucial decision for metropolitans. Reducing response time, maximizing coverage and minimizing the total cost are the most important objectives for selecting the proper location. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is important since it gives an opportunity to study on maps and to have coverage matrices which show the service areas in terms of binary integers and an attractiveness matrix which shows total values of closeness to main roads, residential areas, important buildings and so on. Fire stations have to be located carefully; in an emergency situation the fire department should be able to reach its destination within 5 minutes. He...

Location science has a long historical background and the literature of location selection has expanded since it attracts much interest from researchers. As a result of many studies the location science can be classified into several sub-categories; one of which is locating emergency facilities. The determination of locating fire stations is a crucial decision for metropolitans. Reducing response time, maximizing coverage and minimizing the total cost are the most important objectives for selecting the proper location. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is important since it gives an opportunity to study on maps and to have coverage matrices which show the service areas in terms of binary integers and an attractiveness matrix which shows total values of closeness to main roads, residential areas, important buildings and so on. Fire stations have to be located carefully; in an emergency situation the fire department should be able to reach its destination within 5 minutes. He...

The aim of this paper is to determine a location of fire station in South Kuta using convex hull and Dijkstra algorithm. The location was obtained using polygon convex approximation, where centroid of polygon is chosen as the best candidate. Housing coordinate points were used as sample points to construct convex hull using Graham Scan's. The centroid of convex hull is the best candidate point to place the station in order to make Euclidean distances can be minimized. Further, to minimize response time, Dijkstra algorithm used to find shortest route from candidate point of fire station to every fire-prone points. The obtained location will be compared with the location of existing fire station to examine its performance.

The aim of this paper is to determine a location of fire station in South Kuta using convex hull and Dijkstra algorithm. The location was obtained using polygon convex approximation, where centroid of polygon is chosen as the best candidate. Housing coordinate points were used as sample points to construct convex hull using Graham Scan's. The centroid of convex hull is the best candidate point to place the station in order to make Euclidean distances can be minimized. Further, to minimize response time, Dijkstra algorithm used to find shortest route from candidate point of fire station to every fire-prone points. The obtained location will be compared with the location of existing fire station to examine its performance.

The aim of this paper is to determine a location of fire station in South Kuta using convex hull and Dijkstra algorithm. The location was obtained using polygon convex approximation, where centroid of polygon is chosen as the best candidate. Housing coordinate points were used as sample points to construct convex hull using Graham Scan's. The centroid of convex hull is the best candidate point to place the station in order to make Euclidean distances can be minimized. Further, to minimize response time, Dijkstra algorithm used to find shortest route from candidate point of fire station to every fire-prone points. The obtained location will be compared with the location of existing fire station to examine its performance.

The aim of this paper is to determine a location of fire station in South Kuta using convex hull and Dijkstra algorithm. The obtained location will be compared with the existing location of fire station to examine proposed location's performance. The location was obtained using polygon convex approximation, where centroid of polygon is chosen as the best candidate. Housing coordinate points were used as the sample points to construct convex hull using Graham Scan’s. The centroid of convex hull is the best candidate point to place the station in order to make Euclidean distances could be minimized. Further, to minimize response time, Dijkstra algorithm used to find shortest route from candidate point of fire station to every fire-prone points.

House combustion is one of the main concerns for builders, designers, and property residents. Singular sensors were used for a long time in the event of detection of a fire, but these sensors cannot measure the amount of fire to alert the emergency response units. To address this problem, this study aims to implement a smart fire detection system that would not only detect the fire using integrated sensors but also alert property owners, emergency services, and local police stations to protect lives and valuable assets simultaneously. The proposed model in this paper employs different integrated detectors, such as heat, smoke, and flame. The signals from those detectors go through the system algorithm to check the fire's potentiality and then broadcast the predicted result to various parties using GSM modem associated with the system. To get real-life data without putting human lives in danger, an IoT technology has been implemented to provide the fire department with the necessary data. Finally, the main feature of the proposed system is to minimize false alarms, which, in turn, makes this system more reliable. The experimental results showed the superiority of our model in terms of affordability, effectiveness, and responsiveness as the system uses the Ubidots platform, which makes the data exchange faster and reliable.

House combustion is one of the main concerns for builders, designers, and property residents. Singular sensors were used for a long time in the event of detection of a fire, but these sensors cannot measure the amount of fire to alert the emergency response units. To address this problem, this study aims to implement a smart fire detection system that would not only detect the fire using integrated sensors but also alert property owners, emergency services, and local police stations to protect lives and valuable assets simultaneously. The proposed model in this paper employs different integrated detectors, such as heat, smoke, and flame. The signals from those detectors go through the system algorithm to check the fire's potentiality and then broadcast the predicted result to various parties using GSM modem associated with the system. To get real-life data without putting human lives in danger, an IoT technology has been implemented to provide the fire department with the necessary data. Finally, the main feature of the proposed system is to minimize false alarms, which, in turn, makes this system more reliable. The experimental results showed the superiority of our model in terms of affordability, effectiveness, and responsiveness as the system uses the Ubidots platform, which makes the data exchange faster and reliable. Keywords: Fire detection system Flame sensor GSM network Internet of things Smart water system Ubidots platform This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

The scope of our project is to notify the owner of the premises and the fire department immediately after the sensors detect any fire or gas leakage in the property. The notification is sent through Internet of Things (IoT)Internet cloud and Short Message Services (SMS). The problem solved by our system is to have a quick automated warning alert to the fire department, the owner of the premises, and the neighbours to reduce the losses. In case of fire, a buzzer will get activated and a fast-automated alert notification will be sent via IoT Internet cloud and SMS to the owner and fire department. The fire department system will notify the buildings near to the fire location. The system will then wait for an acknowledgment from the fire fighters and the owner. If no response, repeated notifications will be sent until the system receives an acknowledgment from the mentioned entities to ensure the warning alert is noticed by them.

As time go on the world gradually changes to include all life technology standards. The work in this paper is a practical example of using (Internet of things) in the development of work in the poultry farms field. where we adopt the Rainbow system to analyze the required data and give the analyst accurate statistical values instead of manual statistics that need time. This is based on the presence of reception guides to measure (House temperature, Humidity, Outside temperature, Ventilation , Prop mixing ventilation , Air inlet , Negative pressure) , which are periodically inspected during the poultry maturity cycle (35 to 40 day). After the ovulation data is sent from the sensors to the routers are recorded on the program used to be treated as high-level data accurate and comparable to the analysis of these devices located within a single network are recorded ratios at the end of each session that give tables and graphs that are placed cycle course to facilitate dealing with Poultry during its incubation period and evade the mistakes of the farmers while taking the values by hand. CCS Concepts • Information systems➝Database management system engines • Computing methodologies➝Massively parallel and high-performance simulations.

"Fire station in the rear mirror. Archaeological reflections during the abandonment of the Trondheim Central Fire Station"

In May 2015, after almost 70 years of service to the town, the Central Fire Station in Trondheim was abandoned. The fire and rescue service was relocated to a series of more modern stations circling the city center.
The process of abandonment opened the fire station for closer insights – as part of an art project. The fire station is a telling example of what Bruno Latour (1999) labels a “blackbox”, collectives of humans and things “made invisible by their own success”. Normally, it is the fire squad’s loud and flashing response to an emergency calls, firefighting and rescue operations that gets the attention. The fire station itself is a building among others in the town; a garage for the fire trucks, a place for firefighters between operations. The endoscopic journey in the station revealed a delicate, complex and highly targeted machinery of humans and things that circles around stealing time; moving seconds and minutes to where they are the most needed, where they make up the difference between life and death, fire and inferno. Down to the smallest details, this human-thing collective, is designed for readiness, speedy movement of personnel, myriads of well-maintained things carefully arranged for a rapid response to all kinds of misery that can happen to the town and its inhabitants.
The station is now rebuilt for new functions, an institution for contemporary art, a “house of literature” and an office complex. Important architectonical characteristics (façade, the marble staircase, Fire Chief’s office) are still part of the building, but all things that point to the imperative function of the fire station are removed, no rear mirrors to all material memories of the station’s long and faithful service for the town, and with it all other remains from past fire stations at the same spot. “Our present day world is made up of materials from the past” (Olivier 2004) – this also goes for visual arts and literature. The Trondheim Central Fire Station case advocates the need of broader and more reflexive, interdisciplinary and multivocal perspectives in the management of the cultural heritage of our recent past. “Archaeology – the discipline of things” (Olsen et al. 2012) have potential to make a difference.

The aim of this paper is to determine a location of fire station in South Kuta using convex hull and Dijkstra algorithm. The location was obtained using polygon convex approximation, where centroid of polygon is chosen as the best candidate. Housing coordinate points were used as sample points to construct convex hull using Graham Scan's. The centroid of convex hull is the best candidate point to place the station in order to make Euclidean distances can be minimized. Further, to minimize response time, Dijkstra algorithm used to find shortest route from candidate point of fire station to every fire-prone points. The obtained location will be compared with the location of existing fire station to examine its performance.

Location science has a long historical background and the literature of location selection has expanded since it attracts much interest from researchers. As a result of many studies the location science can be classified into several sub-categories; one of which is locating emergency facilities. The determination of locating fire stations is a crucial decision for metropolitans. Reducing response time, maximizing coverage and minimizing the total cost are the most important objectives for selecting the proper location. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is important since it gives an opportunity to study on maps and to have coverage matrices which show the service areas in terms of binary integers and an attractiveness matrix which shows total values of closeness to main roads, residential areas, important buildings and so on. Fire stations have to be located carefully; in an emergency situation the fire department should be able to reach its destination within 5 minutes. Hence, the coverage matrix is very important for defining the potential of alternative locations. Mathematical model is based on the coverage and attractiveness matrices with the objectives of reducing response time, maximizing coverage and the minimizing the total cost. Taking the increasing population and traffic jam and the location in the earthquake zone into consideration, the fire stations have to be found at the most appropriate location in Istanbul to facilitate the arrival at the scene as fast as possible. This paper presents a decision support system approach for locating the fire stations via the geodatabase of Kadikoy district in GIS. In this study, GIS analysis and multi-objective mathematical model were used to consider the opportunities and the threats with strong and weak sides of the possible locations.