Finacial Markets

Buku ini hadir untuk memberikan pemahaman dasar dan praktis tentang data mining, sebuah bidang yang semakin berkembang pesat dalam dunia yang didorong oleh data. Data mining memainkan peran penting dalam mengungkap pola dan informasi tersembunyi dari data yang sangat besar, sehingga membantu pengambilan keputusan di berbagai sektor seperti bisnis, kesehatan, pendidikan, dan teknologi.
Ditulis dengan bahasa yang mudah dipahami, buku ini dirancang tidak hanya untuk mahasiswa dan akademisi, tetapi juga bagi siapa pun yang tertarik mempelajari lebih dalam tentang bagaimana data mining dapat diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Buku ini mencakup konsep dasar, teknik, dan algoritma penting dalam data mining, serta contoh penerapan nyata yang membantu pembaca memahami manfaat langsung dari teknologi ini.

AI in finance refers to the application of AI techniques in financial businesses. With the proliferation of AI-based tools and algorithms in financial decision-making, it is increasingly necessary to assess the impact of these technologies on the investment strategies and results of individual investors. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in financial decision-making heralds a technological revolution in the sector, which offers enormous potential benefits and significant challenges. This review aims to unravel the complexity surrounding AI in finance, focusing on identifying and addressing barriers to its effective implementation. Looking ahead, the article anticipates future trends and challenges in AIdriven finance, urging stakeholders to collaborate for sustainable innovation. Overall, AI offers tremendous potential for financial transformation, but careful consideration of ethical and regulatory issues is essential for long-term success.

Dalam merancang dan menganalisa sistem yang ada pada perusahaan digunakan metode analisa CSF, analisa SWOT dan analisa matriks. Data warehouse menyimpan data transaksional baik yang bersifat histori ataupun data baru yang telah ditransformasi ...

A well-developed capital marked is the backbone of any economy. Its growth depends on active issuing companies and even the investors. Initial Public Offer (IPO) is one of the most popular techniques of raising capital by companies. The number of IPOs and the amount raised through them is on the rise over the years. Investors consider IPOs as a good option to earn financial gains in quick time. They take advantage of the difference in the issue price fixed during IPO and the price on the listing day. However all IPOs do not fetch higher price on the listing day. In the secondary market also, the issued shares generate fluctuating returns in short term and long term. The research paper studies all mainboard IPOs issued in the year 2021. It also analyses the performance of these IPOs on listing day, and even over two years.

A well-developed capital marked is the backbone of any economy. Its growth depends on active issuing companies and even the investors. Initial Public Offer (IPO) is one of the most popular techniques of raising capital by companies. The number of IPOs and the amount raised through them is on the rise over the years. Investors consider IPOs as a good option to earn financial gains in quick time. They take advantage of the difference in the issue price fixed during IPO and the price on the listing day. However all IPOs do not fetch higher price on the listing day. In the secondary market also, the issued shares generate fluctuating returns in short term and long term. The research paper studies all mainboard IPOs issued in the year 2021. It also analyses the performance of these IPOs on listing day, and even over two years.

Perdagangan valuta asing memiliki risiko yang tinggi sehingga manajemen risiko sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko perdagangan valuta asing dan untuk mengetahui penerapan manajemen risiko pada perdagangan valuta asing. Penelitian dilakukan di PT Monex Investindo Futures Jakarta, Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa risiko dalam perdagangan valas adalah risiko perubahan yang terjadi secara tidak terduga sehingga menyebabkan kondisi pasar yang berbalik arah, hal ini dapat disebabkan karena kejadian ekonomi maupun politik yang mempengaruhi pergerakan pasar. Analisis yang digunakan untuk mengetahui volatilitas pasar valuta asing adalah dengan menggunakan analisis teknikal dan fundamental. Analisis fundamental didasarkan pada data dari berita ekonomi dan politik, sedangkan analisa teknikal dilakukan dengan menggunakan grafik dan indikator. Ada lima manajemen risiko yang diterapkan di PT Monex Investindo Futures untuk meminimalisasi kerugian yang diakibatkan dari pergerakan harga di bursa valuta asing yakni : moving average, bollinger band, parabolic SAR, Average Directional Movement Index dan Robotik.

Notary is a public official who has the authority to make authentic deeds and has other authorities as referred to in Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary. Notary as a capital market supporting profession to be able to make authentic deeds, and carry out activities in the capital market sector must first be registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK), meet the requirements, and fill out an application for registration of a notary as a capital market supporting profession in the attachment to the Financial Services Authority regulations (OJK) Number 67/POJK.04/2017 Concerning Notaries Conducting Activities in the Capital Market. According to Article 1868 of the Civil Code, an authentic deed is a deed which, in the form determined by law, is made by or before public officials who have the power to do so at the place where the deed was made. The Authority of a Notary in Providing Legal Counseling for Making Dee...

 Abstrak Seiiring dengan semakin luasnya wilayah kerja dan peran dari jasa penilai publik serta risiko yang harus dihadapi dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan penilaian publik harus diimbangi dengan adanya kepastian hukum. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu. apakah peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia yang ada sudah memberikan kepastian hukum bagi Penilai Publik? serta bagaimana reformulasi pengaturan peraturan perundang-undangan tentang jasa penilai publik yang akan datang sehingga dapat mencapai kepastian hukum?. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian, yang pertama, dasar hukum dari penilai publik adalah peraturan menteri keuangan. Namun, terdapat peraturan perundang-undangan sektoral dengan berbagai hierarki yang juga telah mengakui kedudukan dan peran dari Penilai Publik sehingga peraturan menteri keuangan secara operasional belum dapat dijadikan acuan hukum...

Foreign exchange (Forex) adalah perdagangan pasangan mata uang dari harga mata uang suatu negara terhadap mata uang negara lainnya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) untuk memprediksi harga close mata uang EUR/USD (Euro terhadap Dolar Amerika) dan GBP/USD (Pound Sterling terhadap Dolar Amerika) pada candle D1 (1 hari) dengan input harga open dan close. Hasil yang diperoleh model EUR/USD dengan 1 input mendapatkan nilai Mean Squared Error (MSE) terendah yaitu 0,0535 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Pada model 3 input mendapatkan nilai MSE terendah yaitu 0,0529 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Sedangkan, model 5 input mendapatkan nilai MSE terendah yaitu 0,0469 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Pada mata uang GBP/USD, model dengan 1 input mendapatkan nilai MSE terendah yaitu 0,0543 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Pada model 3 input mendapatkan nilai MSE terendah yaitu 0,0520 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Adam. Sedangkan, model 5 input mendapatkan nilai MSE terendah yaitu 0,0631 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Adam. Model dengan MSE terbaik yang digunakan pada website yang dibuat. Rekomendasi yang diberikan adalah pada mata uang EUR/USD menggunakan model 5 input dan mata uang GBP/USD menggunakan model 3 input. Hasil loss MSE, akurasi MSE, dan jumlah profit yang didapatkan semuanya adalah yang terbaik jika dibandingkan dengan model dengan jumlah input lainnya.

Investment refers to personal bussiness. So many people have got profit from investment both real and non real sectors. Foreign Exchange (FOREX) is the example of non real sector. The currency fluctuation of FOREX usually occurs and this causes many investors fooled by the pattern of currency fluctuation. Finally, they get lost and even lost capital. Hidden Markov Model was implemented in this research to predict the movement of FOREX of 8 currencies. The data were trained by Baum-Welch algorithm and predicted by Forward algorithm. The trial obtained the average MAPE (Mean Absolute Precentage Error) of 8 currencies which was relatively small (0.0038082% belongs to high and 0.0040706% belongs to low), less than 1%. The currency of USD/IDR has the smallest error score among the other tested currencies. Its average MAPE was 0.0032624% and the average deviation was 42. Thus, this system is well proven to predict the movement of currency.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat sebuah data warehouse dan aplikasi web browser business intelligence. Aplikasi yang dibuat akan dilengkapi dengan fasilitasfasilitas sistem informasi berupa pivot tabel dan grafik, dimana pivot tabel tersebut dapat diekspor ke dalam file excel sehingga memudahkan pengauditan data oleh bagian keuangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan antara lain dengan melakukan wawancara dengan pimpinan dan bagian IT perusahaan, pengamatan terhadap sistem yang berjalan di perusahaan, serta studi pustaka untuk mengumpulkan sumber informasi dan bahanbahan yang berkaitan dengan penelitian untuk dijadikan landasan teori. Metode analisa yang dilakukan terhadap sistem yang ada adalah dengan menggunakan Data Flow Diagram(DFD). Metode perancangannya meliputi perancangan layar, State Transition Diagram, dan perancangan data warehouse(nine step methodology-nya Ralph Kimball). Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebuah aplikasi business intelligence yang dapat menampilkan perkembangan transaksi perusahaan dari tahun ke tahun dalam bentuk pivot tabel dan grafik serta fungsi ekspor ke excel yang membantu dalam pengauditan data. Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik berdasarkan hasil evaluasi wawancara adalah dengan menggunakan aplikasi business intelligence ini memudahkan para pengambil keputusan perusahaan yang membutuhkan laporan dalam waktu yang singkat dalam mengambil keputusan.

The study aims to focus on the role of investor behavior in understanding the volatility of financial markets by examining the impact of the GARCH (1,1) model on the relationship between volume and market volatility and the impact of overconfidence on investor decisions through the application of VAR and ARMA-EGARCH (1.1). The study is conducted on 23 companies listed on the Damascus Securities Exchange during the period from 1/1/2010 to 31/5/2017. The results pointed to significant positive effect of volume on market volatility, and that the behavior of investors is irrational when uncertainty is ruling over the market and the importance of overconfidence in evaluation the characteristics of the Damascus securities exchange, therefore the interpretation of investor behavior is a fundamental and necessary factor in order to find models that are more in line with reality.

In this paper, some GCC stock markets' characteristics and features (volatility clustering, reversion to the mean, risk return relationship, leverage effect and weakform efficiency) were investigated. For this purpose, the following tests and models were applied: augmented dickey fuller test and the models GARCH (1.1), EGARCH (1.1) and GARCH-M (1.1), using data over a period from 2010 until 2013 for all the markets except Kuwait stock markets (its data was until 2012). It was concluded after the implementation that the stock markets of Saudi Arabia, Dubai, Qatar, Kuwait and Oman were characterized by all studied features in this work, except for weak-form efficiency. Bahrain stock market was characterized by all the features except for leverage effect and weak-form efficiency whereas Abu Dhabi stock market was characterized by one feature only (i.e. the reversion to the mean).

Bursa valuta asing atau forex adalah tempat dimana mata uang dari suatu negara diperdagangan dengan mata uang negara lainnya. Perdagangan berlangsung secara global antara pusat-pusat keuangan dunia, dengan melibatkan bank-bank utama dunia sebagai pelaksana utama transaksi. Trader yang melakukan investasi di pasar valuta asing dituntut untuk memiliki kemampuan menganalisis keadaan dan situasi dalam memprediksi nilai tukar mata uang. Pergerakan harga forex atau saham yang membentuk kurva sangat membantu para trader dalam pengambilan keputusan, pergerakan kurva dijadikan sebagai salah satu indikator dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk beli (buy) atau jual (sell). Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma Support Vector Machine (SVM) untuk membandingkan pola kurva, kemudian dataset dari algoritma SVM diproses menggunakan metode Moving Average (MA) untuk membentuk kurva kedua. Hasilnya trend kurva yang dihasilkan algoritma Support Vector Machine dan Metode Moving Average membentuk kurva yang sama dengan kurva live online pada GBPUSD, 1H. Kata kuci : trading forex, support vector machine, moving average, prediksi, poundsterling, dollar.

There are many types of investments that can be used to generate income, such as in the form of land, houses, gold, precious metals etc., there are also in the form of financial assets such as stocks, mutual funds, bonds and money markets or capital markets. One of the investments that attract enough attention today is the capital market investment. The purpose of this study is to predict and improve the accuracy of foreign exchange rates on forex business by using the Support Vector Machine model as a model for predicting and using more data sets compared with previous research that is as many as 1558 dataset. This study uses currency exchange rate data obtained from PT. Best Profit Future Cab. Surabaya is already in the form of data consisting of open, high, low, close attributes by using the current data of Euro currency exchange rate to USA Dollar with period every 1 minutes from May 12, 2016 at 09.51 until 13 May 2016 at 12:30 As much as 1689 dataset, After conducting research ...

ملخص
ٍ البتكوين )Bitcoin فيزايئي هلا،
ّرة، يتم تداوهلا عرب اإلنرتنت فقط، من دون وجود
(: هو عملة رقمية إلكرتونية مشف
ٌ وهي أول عملة رقمية ال يعمل دون مستودٍع مركزٍي أو مدير واحد، أي أهنا ختتلف عن العمالت التقليدية بعدم
مركزية، فهي نظام
وجود هيئة تنظيمية مركزية تقف خلفها، وتتم املعامالت بشبكة الند للند بني املستخدمني مباشرة دون وسيط.
إن هذا التعريف هلذه العملة "بتكوين" يدفعنا لدراستها بشكل أعمق، لنتعرف على خصائصها وميزاهتا، و خماطرها، لنصل إىل
قمية.
ّ
يف حكم التعامل هبذه العملة الر
ّ
احلكم الشرعي
،ً وهي خمالفة يف خصائصها للعمالت النقدية املتعارف
تكمن مشكلة هذا البحث يف أن هذه العملة ظهرت حديثا
عليها، لذلك كان ال بد لنا من البحث واالستقراء عن هذه العملة الرقمية األجنبية احلديثة، لنصل إىل حكم فيها.
ًمن الدول إىل حظرها أو التحذير
ّضح أن هذه العمالت تشتمل علىكثري من املخاطر، دفعكثريا
وبعد حب ٍث عرب الوسائل املتاحة، ات
من التعامل هبا، وأهم هذه املخاطر هي: اجلهالة، وعدم وجود ضامن ومنظّم هلذه العملة،كما أن التقلّب الشديد يف أسعارها رمبا
ّطور التكنولوجي الذي نعيشه، جعلها تفقد موثوقيتها عندكثري من
الت
ّ
يؤدي إىل خسائر فادحة، واحتمال تعرضها لالخرتاق يف ظل
التجار ورجال األعمال.
كل ذلك دفع بعض دور اإلفتاء الرمسية إبصدار فتاوى حترم التعامل هبذه العملة الرقمية، ملا ذكرانه من خماطر تعرتيها،
ال
ٍ
معلومة
ٍ
ً للسلع واخلدمات بشكل عام، وأن يصدر عن سلطة
فيها، وهي أن يكون مقياسا
ّ
ولعدم توافر شروط النقد الشرعي
ً بني الناس.
، وأن يكون شائعا
ٍ
جمهولة
ّني
من قب ِل خخمتص
ٍ
عميقة
ٍ
وال بد أن نؤكد أن عملة "بتكوين" حتتاج إىل دراسة ما
ّ
ِني، ال سي
ّ
ِني، واقتصاديني، وتقني
ّ
شرعي
وأنه ظهرت عشرات العمالت الرقمية اليت تتفق بعضها مع البتكوين يف اخلصائص وخيتلف بعضها اآلخر.
الكلمات املفتاحية: البتكوين، العملة، الرقمية، التجارة، االقتصاد
Öz
Bitcoin, elektronik dijital şifreli bir para birimidir. Fiziksel varlığı olmaksızın
sadece internet üzerinden kullanılabilmektedir. Aynı zamanda ilk merkezi olmayan
dijital para birimidir. Bu, merkezi bir depo veya tek bir yönetici olmadan çalışan bir
sistemdir. Yani, arkasında merkezi bir düzenleyici kurum bulunmaması hasebiyle
geleneksel para birimlerinden farklılık arz eder. İşlemler, internet üzerinden arabulucu
olmadan doğrudan kullanıcılar arasında yapılmaktadır. Bu sayısal para biriminin
özelliklerini ve risklerini öğrenmek, dolayısıyla şer‘î hükmü hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak
için onu daha derinlemesine araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.
Bu para biriminin yakın zamanda ortaya çıkması ve geleneksel para
birimlerinden farklı olması araştırmamızın problemini oluşturmaktadır. Bu yüzden, bu
yeni yabancı dijital para birimi hakkında kesin bir yargıya varabilmek için inceleme ve
araştırma yapılması kaçınılmazdır. Eldeki imkânlarla yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda
bu dijital para birimlerinin birçok risk taşıdıkları görülmüştür. Öyle ki birçok ülke ya
bunları yasaklamış veya bunlara karşı vatandaşlarını uyarmıştır. Bu risklerin en
önemlisi belirsizlik/bilinmezlik ve bu para biriminin garantörü ve düzenleyicisinin
bulunmamasıdır. Ayrıca fiyatlardaki aşırı oynaklık ağır kayıplara yol açabilmekte ve
içinde yaşadığımız teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında bu paraların korsanlar tarafından
saldırıya uğramaları ve hesapların ele geçirilmesi olasılığı da birçok tüccar ve iş adamı
nezdinde güvenirliliğini yitirmesine neden olmaktadır. Bahsettiğimiz tehlikeler ve
genel olarak mal ve hizmetlerin ölçüsü olması, bilinen ve tanınan bir otorite tarafından
piyasaya sürülmesi ve insanlar arasında yaygın olması gibi yasal para birimlerinde
bulunan koşulların eksikliği nedeniyle de bazı resmi fetva kurulları bu paraları
kullanmanın haram olduğu yönünde fetva çıkarmışlardır. Bitcoin’e benzer onlarca para
biriminin ortaya çıktığı bir ortamda Bitcoin para biriminin hukuk uzmanları,
ekonomistler ve teknisyenler tarafından derinlemesine araştırılması kaçınılmazdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bitcoin, Para birimi, Dijital, Ticaret, Ekonomi.

Foreign exchange (Forex) adalah perdagangan pasangan mata uang dari harga mata uang suatu negara terhadap mata uang negara lainnya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) untuk memprediksi harga close mata uang EUR/USD (Euro terhadap Dolar Amerika) dan GBP/USD (Pound Sterling terhadap Dolar Amerika) pada candle D1 (1 hari) dengan input harga open dan close. Hasil yang diperoleh model EUR/USD dengan 1 input mendapatkan nilai Mean Squared Error (MSE) terendah yaitu 0,0535 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Pada model 3 input mendapatkan nilai MSE terendah yaitu 0,0529 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Sedangkan, model 5 input mendapatkan nilai MSE terendah yaitu 0,0469 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Pada mata uang GBP/USD, model dengan 1 input mendapatkan nilai MSE terendah yaitu 0,0543 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Pad...

There are many types of investments that can be used to generate income, such as in the form of land, houses, gold, precious metals etc., there are also in the form of financial assets such as stocks, mutual funds, bonds and money markets or capital markets. One of the investments that attract enough attention today is the capital market investment. The purpose of this study is to predict and improve the accuracy of foreign exchange rates on forex business by using the Support Vector Machine model as a model for predicting and using more data sets compared with previous research that is as many as 1558 dataset. This study uses currency exchange rate data obtained from PT. Best Profit Future Cab. Surabaya is already in the form of data consisting of open, high, low, close attributes by using the current data of Euro currency exchange rate to USA Dollar with period every 1 minutes from May 12, 2016 at 09.51 until 13 May 2016 at 12:30 As much as 1689 dataset, After conducting research ...

This paper aims to investigate and compare two stock market crashes in Bangladesh and suggest policy measure to prevent such collapses in the future. In doing so, it was found that the crashes have certain similarities between them in numerous aspects. Finally, policy measures such as building the confidence of investors, reducing moral hazard, educating the investors, empowering the regulators etc. were suggested.

Tujuan penelitian ialah menganalisa sistem yang berjalan, merancang sistem basis data, dan merancang aplikasi berbasis web yang dapat menunjang transaksi valuta asing di PT. Bank Jasa Jakarta. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan 3 metode yaitu metode studi pustaka, metode analisis dan metode perancangan. Metode studi pustaka mengacu pada buku-buku yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian. Dalam metode analisis dilakukan observasi dan wawancara dalam hal menganalisis requirement, perangkat lunak, dan basis data dengan pihak PT. Bank Jasa Jakarta. Dan dalam metode perancangan meliputi perancangan konseptual, perancangan logikal dan perancangan fisikal. Hasil yang dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah pengembangan aplikasi berbasis web yang dapat memudahkan pihak manajemen PT. Bank Jasa Jakarta dalam proses transaksi dan penyampaian laporan sehingga proses bisnis menjadi lebih cepat dan tersinkronisasi. Simpulan yang diperoleh adalah aplikasi transaksi valuta asing berbasis web yang dibuat sudah memenuhi kebutuhan bisnis PT. Bank Jasa Jakarta dan dapat berjalan dengan baik.

The importance of having viable corporate governance guidelines has recently become visible in the stock market of Bangladesh when the Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC) has held several factors responsible for non-effectiveness of the stock market. Of them, legal vacuums as regards the governance of listed companies and the stock exchanges are mostly addressed. To fill up the vacuums, numerous attempts have already been taken and plans are designed by the regulatory authorities of the stock market. This Guideline appears only for and confined to the companies listed with the stock exchanges of Bangladesh - Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). This attire of boundary is made since only listed companies can issue share in stock/share market for raising capital from the public at large. This alone is not enough to fix the bug in this sector, however, still it can be appreciated as a good attempt in the beginning of further yearn. Having said this at the background, this article intends to justify a viable legal framework of corporate governance in the stock market.

Determining variabilities of soil properties is important for ecological modelling, environmental predictions, precise agriculture, and management of natural resources. This study was aimed to examine Inverse distance weight (IDW) to predict the spatial variability of Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), Calcium Carbonate Percentage (% CaCO3) soil pH, Electrical conductivity and % Gypsum . The study area selected for this work consists of Ayn Hizam, Qaryat- Batth and Taknis. Data for 220 randomly distributed representing soil profiles were encoded in spreadsheets, 198 of them were used for predicting the spatial variability in the GIS environment for ESP, % CaCO3, soil pH, Electrical conductivity and % Gypsum. The rest of Data (i.e. 22 representative soil profiles) were utilized to evaluate the maps produced using Kriging or IDW methods. The results showed that using IDW method was trustable because the values of RMSE and R2 for all the IDW maps were within the acceptable range. Th...

Segala Ucap Syukur alhamdulillah kepada ALLAH SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan ridho-Sehingga Penulis bisa menyusun makalah ini disusun untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah "APLIKASI DATA MINING" Penulis menyadari pasti ada kekurangan yangterdapat pada makalah ini karena keterbatasan pengetahuan yang penulis miliki. Untuk itu, penyusun terbuka terhadap kritik dan saran sehingga bisa menambah kesempurnaan dan memberi kami tambahan pengetahuan.

In this paper, some GCC stock markets' characteristics and features (volatility clustering, reversion to the mean, risk return relationship, leverage effect and weakform efficiency) were investigated. For this purpose, the following tests and models were applied: augmented dickey fuller test and the models GARCH (1.1), EGARCH (1.1) and GARCH-M (1.1), using data over a period from 2010 until 2013 for all the markets except Kuwait stock markets (its data was until 2012). It was concluded after the implementation that the stock markets of Saudi Arabia, Dubai, Qatar, Kuwait and Oman were characterized by all studied features in this work, except for weak-form efficiency. Bahrain stock market was characterized by all the features except for leverage effect and weak-form efficiency whereas Abu Dhabi stock market was characterized by one feature only (i.e. the reversion to the mean).

Di zaman yang modern saat ini peran komputer sangatlah penting di suatu perusahaan. hampir semua perusahaan memiliki dan menggunakan piranti elektronik yang satu ini. PT. LI sebagai perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang eksport import berupaya terus untuk mengkatkan pelayanan kepada customer. maka penerapan komputerisasi pada sistem pembayaran piutang customer sangatlah penting agar keakuratan data dapat terjamin dan untuk lebih meningkatkan mutu pelayanan yang baik untuk pelanggan. Rancangan sistem pembayaran cutomer digambarkan dengan pemodelan Unified Modeling Language (UML). Rancangan prototype sistem menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan database MySql. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah prototype sistem monitoring pembayaran piutang customer berbasis web. Sistem ini digunakan untuk pengolahan data piutang cuctomer, pembuatan invoice dan penyajian laporan untuk memonitoring pembayaran piutang customer

The research problem in the presence of money laundering in
private banks reflects negatively on economic activities.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the dimensions of forensic
accounting (analysis of sources of use and funds, forensic accounting
path, temporal analysis process, cash flow tracking schedule for various
activities, analysis of the link between people and their relationship to
financial data, follow-up of suspicious financial transactions) and its
impact on reducing the phenomenon of money laundering.
The study methodology used quantitative analysis of data related to
private banks in the province of Basra under study, which is(7) private
banks. The study sample included all Finances Accountants in these
banks, numbering (150) individuals, and the data was processed
through statistical methods using the program (SPSS).
Results: Statistics, statistical analysis results, statistical tracking table,
persons and their relationship to financial bytes, follow-up of financial
transactions, and the dependent variable money laundering

Some properties of topological space X depend on the distribution of open sets in the topological space. Compact sets in Hausdorff space is closed and limited. Sliced set - which have the nature of a closed set of slices through the compact space is not empty. Kontabel compact sets are closed and limited.

The growing importance of financial markets around the world renews the interest to investigate whether development of the stock market specifically can promote long-run economic growth or not. The objective of this study is to investigate the empirical relationship between Stock Market Development and Economic Growth in Egypt during the critical economic period of 2009 to 2019 which has experienced many economic and political events. Following the literature, the study uses secondary data collected from the World Bank, International Financial Statistics (IFS), and the Egyptian Ministry of Planning (MoP) and Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) for stock market indicators, economic growth indicators, banking sector variables and other relevant macroeconomic variables. The quarterly data used to estimate the relationship through hybrid method (both quantitative and qualitative) approach. The qualitative part uses a graphical illustration to depict the evolution of various stock market variables while the quantitative part focuses on investigating the empirical effect of stock market development on economic growth using ARDL model. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1) there is no relationship over the short run between Stock Market Development and Economic Growth, 2) The effect of Stock Market Development on Economic Growth is negative over the long run (holds only for the turnover ration), 3) The main triggers for Economic Growth in Egypt during this period are other factors like higher Primary Education enrolment, 4) There is no relation between the banking sector and the economic growth neither in the short run nor in the long run, 5) The results match with the literature of some developing countries, including Egypt. The negative relationship may be due to the underdeveloped financial systems., and 6)The results of the test are stable, robust and correctly specified.

The purpose of this study is to formulate a model for sustainable development of the mortgage market in Azerbaijan, taking into account commercial risks of housing construction, the risks of the construction industry, social visions of mortgages, state pressure, and support. The following five key research stages can be distinguished. Namely, identification of commercial risks of housing construction based on a survey; evaluation of the effectiveness of risk diversification strategy; determination of the social vision of a mortgage; substantiating the main directions of state pressure and support for mortgage market development; and creation of a model for sustainable development of the mortgage market in Azerbaijan. At the same time, it is proposed to use a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of the model based on the construction of the multivariate linear regression equation. The inclusive model of sustainable development of the mortgage market in Azerbaijan pr...

In this paper, some GCC stock markets' characteristics and features (volatility clustering, reversion to the mean, risk return relationship, leverage effect and weakform efficiency) were investigated. For this purpose, the following tests and models were applied: augmented dickey fuller test and the models GARCH (1.1), EGARCH (1.1) and GARCH-M (1.1), using data over a period from 2010 until 2013 for all the markets except Kuwait stock markets (its data was until 2012). It was concluded after the implementation that the stock markets of Saudi Arabia, Dubai, Qatar, Kuwait and Oman were characterized by all studied features in this work, except for weak-form efficiency. Bahrain stock market was characterized by all the features except for leverage effect and weak-form efficiency whereas Abu Dhabi stock market was characterized by one feature only (i.e. the reversion to the mean).

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze about electronic signatures application in manufacture of authentic deeds reviewed from Indonesia legislation perspective and the validity of authentic deed that signed electronically. The legal issue that will be examined in this paper is existance of law conflict between Article 15 paragraph (3) Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning amendment to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Position with Article 5 Juncto Article 6 Juncto Article 11 of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning electronic information and electronic regarding the use of electronic signatures in authentic deeds. The type of research in this research is normative juridical law research. The approach used in this research is the law approach, phylosophical law approach, and conceptual approach. The results of this research show if there is no explicit explanation about notary authority to make deeds electronically. That makes ...

Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi yang pesat menuntut berbagai macam industri untuk menerapkan teknologi informasi dalam berbagai aktivitas bisnisnya salah satunya pengolahan dan penyimpanan data. Retail pada umumnya menghasilkan dan menyimpan berbagai macam data dari aktivitas bisnisnya seperti data transaksi, persediaan, dan data supplier. Minimarket X menyimpan berbagai macam data tersebut dalam database. Tidak dilakukannya pengolahan data lebih lanjut dapat menyebabkan terabaikannya informasi tersembunyi yang ada pada kumpulan data tersebut. Minimarket X masih belum memanfaatkan kumpulan data yang tersimpan salah satunya dalam mengidentifikasi deadstock. Pada penelitian ini, data mining diterapkan guna mengklasifikasikan item ke dalam 3 kategori yaitu fast, slow, dan non moving item. Metode yang digunakan adalah classification dengan menerapkan FSN Analysis. Data mining dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan Microsoft Excel. Informasi hasil data mining selanjutnya digunakan seb...

 Abstrak Seiiring dengan semakin luasnya wilayah kerja dan peran dari jasa penilai publik serta risiko yang harus dihadapi dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan penilaian publik harus diimbangi dengan adanya kepastian hukum. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu. apakah peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia yang ada sudah memberikan kepastian hukum bagi Penilai Publik? serta bagaimana reformulasi pengaturan peraturan perundang-undangan tentang jasa penilai publik yang akan datang sehingga dapat mencapai kepastian hukum?. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian, yang pertama, dasar hukum dari penilai publik adalah peraturan menteri keuangan. Namun, terdapat peraturan perundang-undangan sektoral dengan berbagai hierarki yang juga telah mengakui kedudukan dan peran dari Penilai Publik sehingga peraturan menteri keuangan secara operasional belum dapat dijadikan acuan hukum...

This paper is a comparison the volatility of price between Dhaka stock exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). I did this study on volatility as a part of academic course of Research Methodology and Dissertation. The main objective of this study is to determine whether the markets are same volatile or not. Volatility is the most basic statistical measure. It can be used to measure the market risk of a single instrument or entire portfolio of investment. Investors, regulators, brokers, dealers and the media have all express concern over the level of stock market volatility. After market crash of 1996, individuals as well as corporate investors along with the regulators have become conscious about the volatility and felt importance of information regarding market to take good investment decision. This paper also discussed about the preliminary concept of volatility. For analysis of data I have consider only year 2004. Standard deviation, coefficient of Variation, F-test and monthly return is calculated. All the result shows the same picture. CSE is more volatile than DSE. The CSE30 and DSE20 also show the same result. Interesting finding is that general price is less volatile than CSE30 and DSE20. It implies that the top 20 and 30 securities influence the whole market. If the price of these securities increases, the price index increases. Ups and downs of the price of these securities in CSE is higher than that of DSE. Although investors are suffering from lack of information about the quality of securities, they take investment decision considering the general price index of two markets. Some time it may mislead the investor the differences of indexes of two markets. As the base of these two indices is different they can consider the percentage change in indexes and standard deviation of the indexes. Though the calculation is based on only the index one individual investor can calculate the return from individual security and then can take the portfolio investment decision. In this study individual securities are not considered as it would take massive calculating and data collection operation. Despite of these limitations it can easily be told that Chittagong Stock Exchange is more volatile than Dhaka Stock Exchange.

This study aims to examine the legal arrangements for the role and authority of the capital market supporting profession in the face of globalization, namely the notary public. Notary public is a public official who has the authority to make a contract deed or decision required by law to be made in confirmed documents. The position of a notary is regulated in Law No. 30 of 2004 which states that a notary public is the authorized official to make an authentic deed and other authorities. This study uses a normative juridical method that is analytical descriptive. The notary is authorized to make authentic deeds about all agreements, deeds, and stipulations that are required by legislation and / or that are desired by the parties concerned to be stated in the authentic deed. In addition, the notary must also ensure the certainty of the date of making the deed, keep the deed, give the grosse, copy and quote the deed, all of it as long as the making of the deeds are not also assigned or excluded to other officials.

Foreign exchange (Forex) adalah perdagangan pasangan mata uang dari harga mata uang suatu negara terhadap mata uang negara lainnya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) untuk memprediksi harga close mata uang EUR/USD (Euro terhadap Dolar Amerika) dan GBP/USD (Pound Sterling terhadap Dolar Amerika) pada candle D1 (1 hari) dengan input harga open dan close. Hasil yang diperoleh model EUR/USD dengan 1 input mendapatkan nilai Mean Squared Error (MSE) terendah yaitu 0,0535 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Pada model 3 input mendapatkan nilai MSE terendah yaitu 0,0529 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Sedangkan, model 5 input mendapatkan nilai MSE terendah yaitu 0,0469 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Pada mata uang GBP/USD, model dengan 1 input mendapatkan nilai MSE terendah yaitu 0,0543 dengan model 1 layer LSTM 10 node dan menggunakan optimizer Nadam. Pad...

In this study, the interdependency is presented between the characteristics of the buildings and the relative economic value, in order to plan economic policies and preconditions for improving the quality of the European buildings heritage through access, by an holistic approach, to the necessary financial resources. The economic value of a real estate asset is closely connected to the construction features and their performance over time (lifecycle). Safer, more comfortable and productive buildings for inhabitants are at the same time more operationally efficient and economically convenient for the owners. Solidity characteristics and static resistance to earthquakes, eco-efficiency and other constructive qualities of the building will provide benefits in the long term, and they are directly related the LCC (life cycle cost) including specific construction and/or maintenance costs. Moreover, these characteristics have an impact on the "market value" and on the "mortgage lending value" of properties, as well as on the possibility of financing the purchase through access to more affordable mortgages, and to make really feasible conversions even in the absence of public financial resources. This study introduces a new approach for conversions involving whole buildings or city areas. This research identifies the economic sustainability of a project by combining principles and suitable methodologies, together with performance and other characteristics. These aspects constitute the essential prerequisite for obtaining mortgages from banks and/or financial resources from international investors.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between trading volume ، on one hand ، and stock returns and volatility on the other ، in the financial stock market. In this respect، we employ the study on all companies listed on the Saudi Stock Market in January 1، 2005. Accordingly، this is the start of the sample. Primarily، the study is based on two assumptions. We consider 69 companies

This study aims to examine the legal arrangements for the role and authority of the capital market supporting profession in the face of globalization, namely the notary public. Notary public is a public official who has the authority to make a contract deed or decision required by law to be made in confirmed documents. The position of a notary is regulated in Law No. 30 of 2004 which states that a notary public is the authorized official to make an authentic deed and other authorities. This study uses a normative juridical method that is analytical descriptive. The notary is authorized to make authentic deeds about all agreements, deeds, and stipulations that are required by legislation and / or that are desired by the parties concerned to be stated in the authentic deed. In addition, the notary must also ensure the certainty of the date of making the deed, keep the deed, give the grosse, copy and quote the deed, all of it as long as the making of the deeds are not also assigned or excluded to other officials.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between trading volume، on one hand، and stock returns and volatility on the other، in the financial stock market. In this respect، we employ the study on all companies listed on the Saudi Stock Market in January 1، 2005. Accordingly، this is the start of the sample. Primarily، the study is based on two assumptions. We consider 69 companies out of 73 ones for the first assumption. The statistical analysis is conducted using Eviews Package and Ms Excel. The empirical evidence by OLS regression analysis indicated that there exists a significant positive relationship between trading volume and stock return، and their volatility. Furthermore، Granger causality results showed evidence of causation between trading volume and stock return. The results of Vector Autoregression (VAR)، on the one hand، provided evidence of dynamic relationship between trading volume and stock return. The empirical evidence of GARCH model indicated the existence of positive contemporaneous relationship between trading volume and stock return conditional volatility. The findings showed that the relationship between trading volume and stock return is rejected by MDH، thereby indicating that the Saudi Stock Market is not semi-strong efficient.

Notaris saat ini diperbolehkan melakukan sertifikasi dokumen elektronik. Kewenangan ini termaktub dalam Pasal 15 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jabatan Notaris. Selain mengesahkan akta, notaris juga dapat menyimpan berkas dalam bentuk file. Namun, tidak sedikit notaris yang masih enggan menggunakan teknologi untuk membuat dan mengesahkan sebuah akta dikarenakan adanya pertentangan antar pasal baik dalam Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris sendiri maupun dengan pasal dalam Undang-Undang lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah akta yang menggunakan teknologi informatika memiliki kekuatan pembuktian layaknya akta autentik dan apakah sertifikasi elektronik yang dilakukan oleh notaris sejalan dengan tugas dan jabatan notaris. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu jenis penelitian hukum normatif yang dilakukan dengan cara penelaahan bahan pustaka atau data sekunder dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual. Penelitian ini berfoku...