Fighting Tactics

This paper examines the combative benefits of lion dance training in the curriculum of a traditional Chinese martial arts school. It is one result of an ongoing ethnographic study at a Chinese- Canadian kung fu club that is investigating the importance and uses of music in the martial arts. A brief description of the blurred genre combining two dancers in a stylized lion costume and an accom- panying percussion ensemble is provided, before proceeding to a discussion of transferable skills de- velopment. The approach is ethnomusicological, therefore the focus is on rhythm, tempo, and entrain- ment in lion dancing and homologous principles in martial arts. The value of this study is to be found in making explicit the implicit ties between musical proficiencies and combat sport effectiveness, in order to enhance the efficiency of rhythm skills acquisition and application for kung fu practitioners.

Mixed Martial Arts vs. Street Fighting In view of the invincible Conor McGregor's demolition by the larger, but well-used, Nate Diaz, maybe it is time to revisit the difference between the sport of mixed martial arts and real fighting in as much as Conor apparently felt he wasn't bound by the usual constraints of a sport defined by a large set of rules. To do so, we must visit the rules and regulations of the UFC and MMA generally. First we'll examine the definitions. In the first paragraph, we have a contradictory use of the term " limitations " and " without limitation ". Obviously they can't have it both ways. If there are limitations, there cannot be " without limitation. " So we have a problem right from the get-go. We also see the the term, " unarmed combat " , is rather limited, as lots of techniques besides blows can reasonably be expected to inflict injury. Non-striking techniques in grappling, such as strangles, chokes, and joint destructions, are not blows but can be just as devastating as a strike. And it doesn't mention death, which might also be reasonably expected from a blow (or non-striking) technique. Aside from those discrepancies, " unarmed combat " doesn't make any reference at all to a lack of non-natural weapons, such as knives, clubs, guns, etc., which are the distinguishing feature of unarmed combat. Of course, the idea of a commission making regulations is completely contradictory to the concept of free-fighting, where any commission of " meeting of the minds " would likely be trying to develop ways to truly remove limitations, rather than impose them. Next we need to mention the weight divisions of which there are at least 11. Of course, they are also divided between men and women, which is wholly unrealistic in real life. In fact, most aggression outside of the ring is visited by men on women, as it is usually safer and easier than attacking another man. In general, women are weaker, slower, and altogether less athletic than men at the same weight, thanks to sexual dimorphism in the human species and the far higher level of testosterone in men. Even within the same sex, the lowest weight division among men is less than half the weight of the highest weight division. Again, in real life, a predatory assailant is most likely to prey on another individual perceived as much weaker/smaller and/or incapacitated in some way (for instance, a child, elder, or disabled) or a combination of all of these. By contrast, in an MMA bout, a 1 pound difference between combatants is the most permitted….ever. (Or so they claim. Recent bouts have allowed significant weight differences in order to avoid cancellation of the bout.) Catchweight bouts may be permitted, but they must still specify a weight. In spite of any " outs " within the rules, one doesn't see a massive difference in weight between 2 contracted parties. Although MMA contests are held in a ring or fenced area, it is primarily to prevent the contestants from falling out of the ring and hurting themselves or others. Even so, the floor must extend at least 18 " past the ropes or cage in order to protect the contestants and the foam padding must also cover these 18 " outside of the ring. Similarly the ring

Who Were These Other Masters Of Fencing ?

These men were “other masters” who presented auxiliary longsword fencing lore in context of the professed prevalent longsword fencing lore of Master Johann Liechtenauer, as primarily covered by the majority of fighting lessons in the Döbringer Hausbuch (1389). These Other Masters were the following: Priest Hanko Döbringer; Andres Juden; Josts von der Neissen; Niclas Preussen.

It should be noted that it is possible these men were unacknowledged masters in the Liechtenauer Lineage, perhaps even his direct students. However, Fencing Master Kal in his Fechtbuch (1470) named none of these Other Masters among his list of masterly colleagues to the elite Liechtenauer College (Liechtenauers Gesellschaft) famously started by Grandmaster Johann Liechtenauer (?1340-1410?); whose lineage & lore were evidently the most prolific of the Medieval-to-Renaissance German Tradition of Fencing (Fechten).

Contrarily, is it possible that these Other Masters existed prior to Liechtenauer, and so instead he built his complex system from theirs? That seems unlikely. However, we do have the legacy of their longsword fighting lore: which is something valuable, if only now we aspire to animate it again honourably. That said, we know little else of these men who were the Other Masters.

Contents:
Questions & Answers
Other Masters Fencing
Symbolic-Dynamic Fighting Interpretation
Modern Mark-Verses
Modern Replica Longsword
Bibliography
About The Author

"Keywords: fighting style, skirmish, archer, slinger, spearman

This study presents and analyses the style and fighting tactics tackled by the skirmishing troops of the Roman army, with special attention to those that were garrisoned in Dacia, as well. The purpose of the paper is to broach this subject from the point of view of the populations that enter the structure of these troops, of the military equipment and of the place the unit was quartered.
Concerning the equipment and the fighting style, the study will include three types of troops: archers, spear-throwers and slingers."

Dissertation excerpt (introduction, 2011) discussing the historiography of the fighting treatises, the importance of cultural context, and the argument that medieval fighting was sometimes organized into recognizable, systematic martial arts.

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The way an army thinks about and understands warfare has a tremendous impact on its organization, training, and operations. The central ideas of that understanding form a nation's way of warfare that influences decisions on and off the battlefield. From the disasters of the War of 1812, Winfield Scott ensured that America adopted a series of ideas formed in the crucible of the Wars of the French Revolution and epitomized by Napoleon. Reflecting American cultural changes, these French ideas dominated American warfare on the battlefields of the Mexican-American War, the American Civil War, the Spanish-American War, and World War I. America remained committed to these ideas until cultural pressures and the successes of German Blitzkrieg from 1939 - 1940 led George C. Marshall to orchestrate the adoption of a different understanding of warfare. Michael A. Bonura examines concrete battlefield tactics, army regulations, and theoretical works on war as they were presented in American army education manuals, professional journals, and the popular press, to demonstrate that as a cultural construction, warfare and ways of warfare can be transnational and influence other nations.

This paper examines the combative benefits of lion dance training in the curriculum of a traditional Chinese martial arts school. It is one result of an ongoing ethnographic study at a Chinese- Canadian kung fu club that is investigating the importance and uses of music in the martial arts. A brief description of the blurred genre combining two dancers in a stylized lion costume and an accom- panying percussion ensemble is provided, before proceeding to a discussion of transferable skills de- velopment. The approach is ethnomusicological, therefore the focus is on rhythm, tempo, and entrain- ment in lion dancing and homologous principles in martial arts. The value of this study is to be found in making explicit the implicit ties between musical proficiencies and combat sport effectiveness, in order to enhance the efficiency of rhythm skills acquisition and application for kung fu practitioners.

 Чланак је резултат рада на научноистраживачком пројекту који је финансирала Војна академија Универзитета одбране у Београду, под бројем: ВА-ДХ/1/21-23 "Утицај савременог окружења на извођење борбених дејстава у урбаним срединама" ("Influence of contemporary environment on the conduct of combat activities in urban spaces")

he organization of command in the mechanized section on M80A infantry fighting vehicle is defined by the regulations and
textbooks of mechanized units. The problem that is not covered in the
regulations is the organization of subordination of soldiers of the
mounted crew when performing tasks outside the vehicle. The regulations stipulate in principle that command is executed by single seniority
and subordination, but that the mechanized section commanders organize their crews in the way they think is appropriate, in accordance
with a certain mission and tasks. The decision-making on transfering
commanding competencies and organization of subordinates in the
chain of subordination within the mechanized section is a dilemma
even for experienced commanders of mechanized units because this is
defined by general principles of performing activities, whereby it is not
known where the riflemen, sniper and machine gunners should be
when they are outside the fighting vehicle.
During preparation and execution of activities, the mechanized section commander should adapt the model of subordination in relation to
task, space, time and other factors that occur in combat operations.
Thus, it can happen that the commander or deputy commander divides
the mounted part of the mechanized section into several smaller units
(groups, teams) in order to perform some task.
The research performed by the analysis of content in regulations
and textbooks, observing the way of work during the performance of
activities, anticipating possible situations and discovering examples of
good practice of the mechanized section commanders, the models
presented in this paper have been formed.
After studying literature and questioning professional military personnel, the results of the research are the models of subordination in
the mechanized section when the mounted part of the section is outside the vehicle. The analyzed models are divided into groups of models, where the dismounted part of the section is divided into: 1) basic
model, 2) two groups and 3) three groups.

The Revolution Command gave a great importance to the military training ,because it has considerable position during the the national struggle's stages , and to develop combat operations and achieve great results in ensuring victory during the battles, the Revolution Command focused on the formation of the Liberation Army soldiers, which based primarily on guerrilla warfare as a strategy against the French army, as a military legacy during the popular resistance and its embodiment during the revolution, aim to achieving independence and national sovereignty .

The way an army thinks about and understands warfare has a tremendous impact on its organization, training, and operations. The central ideas of that understanding form a nation's way of warfare that influences decisions on and off the battlefield. From the disasters of the War of 1812, Winfield Scott ensured that America adopted a series of ideas formed in the crucible of the Wars of the French Revolution and epitomized by Napoleon. Reflecting American cultural changes, these French ideas dominated American warfare on the battlefields of the Mexican-American War, the American Civil War, the Spanish-American War, and World War I. America remained committed to these ideas until cultural pressures and the successes of German Blitzkrieg from 1939 - 1940 led George C. Marshall to orchestrate the adoption of a different understanding of warfare. Michael A. Bonura examines concrete battlefield tactics, army regulations, and theoretical works on war as they were presented in American ...

Oрганизација командовања у механизованом одељењу на
борбеном возилу пешадије М80А одређена је правилима и
уџбеницима механизованих јединица. Проблем који није обрађен у
правилима јесте организација субординације војника укрцног дела
посаде када извршава задатке изван возила. У правилима је начелно одређено да се командује начелима једностарешинства и
субординације, али да командири механизованих одељења сами
организују своје послуге на начин на који мисле да је прикладно, у
складу са одређеном мисијом и задацима. Доношење одлуке о
преношењу командних надлежности и организовању потчињених у
ланцу субординације унутар механизованог одељења је недоумица чак и за искусне командире механизованих јединица, јер је то
одређено општим начелима извођења активности, при чему се не
зна где би стрелци, снајпериста и пушкомитраљесци требало да
буду када су искрцани ван борбеног возила.
Током припреме и извођења активности командир механизованог одељења треба да прилагоди модел субординације у односу
на задатак, простор, време и остале чиниоце који се јављају у борбеним активностима. Тако се може догодити да командир или заменик командира подели укрцни део механизованог одељења у
више мањих целина (група, тимова) ради извршења одређеног задатка.
Истраживањем које је изведено анализом садржаја у правилима и уџбеницима, посматрањем начина рада током извођења активности, предвиђањем могућих ситуација и откривањем примера
добре праксе командира механизованих одељења, обликовани су
модели који су представљени у овом раду.
Након проучавања литературе и испитивања професионалних
војних лица, резултат истраживања јесу модели субординације у
механизованом одељењу када је укрцни део одељења искрцан
ван возила. Анализирани модели су подељени на групе модела,
где је искрцни део одељења подељен у: 1) основни модел, 2) две
групе и 3) три групе.

Öz savunma yapmak, dövüşmek, sokakta kendimizi kurtaracak teknikleri öğrenmek ve bunları hakkıyla uygulamak için yalnızca bir dövüş kursuna yazılmak yeterli midir? Yoksa beynimizin ve tabii beyinsel faaliyetlerin de bize bu konuda söyleyecekleri var mı?.. Kendinizi ringde minderde veya tatamide ne kadar güçlü, yetenekli ve yenilmez görürseniz görün sokak şartları farklıdır. Şartlara bağlı olarak bir avcı hayvan bile av durumuna düşebilir. Peki böyle bir durumdan kurtulmak mümkün mü? Gelin yanıtı birlikte arayalım… Beklenmedik bir anda karşınıza çıkan bir saldırgan düşünün. Mücadele etmek zorundasınız… Vücudunuz öz savunma için hazırlanırken kalp atışlarınız hızlanır. Ancak ne kadar deneyimli olduğunuza ve becerilerinizin bu tecrübe için yeterli olup olmadığına dair inancınıza göre baskın duygu tehditten kaynaklı korku ya da mücadeleden kaynaklı bir heyecan olabilir. Bu aynı zamanda dik bir yamaçtan inen bir kayakçının, kalabalık önünde konuşma yapmak zorunda kalan birinin de içinde bulunduğu durumdur.