Family Therapy

Content analysis of 23 American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy Master Series tapes was used to determine how well feminist behaviors have been incorporated into "ideal" family therapy practice. Feminist behaviors were infrequent, being evident in faver than 3% of time blocks in event sampling and I0 of 39 feminist behaviors of the Feminist Family Therapist Behavior Checklist. These eminent therapists most often dealt with empowerment of male clients and management of power differentials in the therapeutic relationship in a relatively feminist mannel; but they tended to hold women responsible for family issues, endorsed traditional rather than egalitarian relationships, and overlooked how the social context affects families. Several of the therapists were blatantly sexist in their treatment of female clients, communicating disrespect of and pathologizing them. The fav tapes portraying effective incorporation of feminist principles in family therapy indicate that a handfil of behaviors are key to this approach.

Objective: This randomized trial of a family-focused preventive intervention for Mexican American middle schoolers examined internalizing, externalizing, and substance use outcomes in late adolescence, five years after completing the intervention. Parent-adolescent conflict was tested as a mediator of these effects. The role of parent and adolescent acculturation in these pathways was also examined. Method: 498 7 th grade adolescents and their primary female caregivers were randomized to receive either a 9-week, multi-component intervention or a brief workshop control group. Assessments were conducted at pre-test, two year follow-up (9 th grade), and five year follow-up (when most participants were in the 12 th grade). Results: The Bridges program significantly reduced mother-adolescent conflict measured in the 9 th grade, with conflict mediating program effects on internalizing and externalizing symptoms, adolescent substance use, and diagnosed internalizing disorder in late adolescence. Mother and child acculturation were both significantly predictive of late adolescence outcomes. Contrary to hypotheses, neither mother nor child acculturation emerged as a significant predictor of mother-adolescent conflict, and the interaction of mother and adolescent acculturation was similarly not related to motheradolescent conflict. Intervention effects were largely consistent across different levels of acculturation. Conclusions: These findings provide support for the efficacy of family-focused intervention during early adolescence, both in reducing mental health problems and substance use in the long term, as well as in impacting parent-adolescent conflict processes that appear to play an important role in the development of later adjustment problems.

Despite the growing popularity of narrative approaches to couple and family therapy and the demonstrated effectiveness of enactments-a clinical process typically articulated and utilized in more modern or positivistic approaches to therapy-there is very little, if any, literature exploring how enactments may fit within a narrative therapeutic framework. In this paper we suggest: That narrative therapy theoretical assumptions, principles, and therapeutic processes may coexist within an enactment framework articulated by Butler and Gardner; that such assumptions and processes may be enhanced when clinicians use an enactment "scaffolding" throughout the therapeutic process; and that this enactment framework "empirically informs" the narrative therapy process and strengthens the stance of narrative therapy under the scrutiny of those claiming a need for an evidence basis in psychotherapy.

This article is a critical review of how forgiveness is conceptualized in the family therapy, counseling, and clinical psychology literature. A systematic analysis of themes in a fairly comprehensive set of texts was carried out. Three main dimensions emerged along which therapist authors' viewpoints can be located: essentiality, intentionality, and benevolence. Therapy practices and values that correspond with positions along these dimensions are presented. The analysis reveals that greater exploration is needed regarding how forgiveness is related to diversity (e.g., gender, culture, religion, etc.), marginalization, and relations of power. Our objective is to provide a conceptual map for clinicians so that they might locate their own thinking about forgiveness and be better equipped to work sensitively with the forgiveness views and values of their clients.

Im Rücken der „großen Fächer“ wie Psychoanalyse und dem Feld der Psychiatrie aber hat sich die systemische Familientherapie, heute einfach systemische Therapie, in allen Bereichen des gesellschaftlichen Lebens etabliert, ist also nicht allein eine nun (seit 2008) wissenschaftlich anerkannte Form der Psychotherapie, sondern wird auch in nicht-therapeutischen Bereichen wie der systemischen Sozialarbeit, der systemischen Organisationsberatung, der Mediation oder des systemischen Coachings eingesetzt. Man könnte sogar so weit gehen, dass die konkreten und handgreiflichen Techniken des Aufstellens das gegenwärtige Verständnis vom sozialen Selbst, von Familie und Gruppen maßgeblich bestimmen. Gleichwohl mangelt es an historisch-kulturwissenschaftlichen Reflexionen über die Durchsetzung des Systemischen als eines kulturellen Paradigmas eines sozialen Selbst.  Der vorliegende Aufsatz möchte einen Beitrag zur kulturwissenschaftlichen und historischen Betrachtung der systemischen Therapie leisten.

There is a growing movement to define competency within the field of marriage and family therapy (MFT), particularly with respect to the training of practitioners and the evaluation of clinical practice. Efforts to define competency, however, transcend the practice of MFT and much can be learned from the experiences of other disciplines. Professions such as education, law, and medicine have made strides toward addressing the complex issue of competency standards in their respective fields. This article describes some ways in which the issue of competency has been approached in other professions, as well as some common dilemmas posed by adopting a competency-based orientation, to shed light on the process of defining competency in MFT. Moreover, this article identifies some of the more useful conceptualizations, modes of pedagogy, and evaluative practices found in other professions.

This is the entire book.

"Why Are Our Pictures Puzzles?" is an attempt to understand why scholars have begun writing at such tremendous length on individual pictures. Before the 20th c., one of the longest texts on a single painting was Vasari's description of Leonardo's "Last Supper." In the last forty years it has become common for historians to write entire books on individual artworks.

Why have we started experiencing images as so complex? Why do they seem to us like puzzles, waiting to be solved? Why doesn't it concern us that previous generations did not think of writing at such length?

This book also has a couple of chapters on what I consider to be psychotic behavior about images: compulsive sighting of supposedly hidden images, and a crazy art historical book about a painting written by Dalí. So I have tagged the book with psychoanalytic terms.

The book itself is still in print and in copyright, but I found a full pdf of this on the internet (for example on scribd), so I decided to post it on here on academia.edu, where at least it can have the correct context and links.

Family therapy has only rarely been reported as a treatment for bulimia nervosa and not specifically' for adolescents. This account describes family therapy with eight adolescents who suffered from bulimia nervosa. Change was measured by assessing symptomatic behaviours and global measures of family and social function prior to treatment and again one year later. At reassessment there was a significant reduction in bulimic behaviours although many had some continuing symptoms. Some aspects of the therapy are described and implications for further study of treatment for adolescent bulimia are discussed.

Presenting ideas into what underlying causes could have manifested using four different therapeutic approaches. A hypothetical case that involves a forty-year old Hispanic female. The theoretical approaches I will be presenting are: "Person-Centered Therapy" developed by Carl Rogers, "Existential Therapy" developed by Viktor Frankl, "Gestalt Therapy" developed by Fritz and Laura Perls along with Paul Goodman.

Anormal Psikoloji kitabı, ruhsal bozukluklar alanında çalışan tüm profesyoneller, psikiyatristler, klinik psikologlar, psikologlar, psikolojik danışmanlar, hekimler, sosyal hizmet uzmanları, psikiyatri hemşireleri ve bu alanlarda öğrenci yetiştiren akademisyenler ile eğitim alan öğrenciler için temel bir başvuru kitabıdır.
2013 yılının Mayısı ayında yayımlanan DSM-5 ölçütlerine göre ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili sunulan bilgilerin güncellemesinin de yapıldığı bu kitap, tüm dünyada pek çok üniversitenin psikiyatri ve psikoloji bölümlerinde ders kitabı olarak okutulmaktadır.
Kitabın her bölümünde, ilk olarak ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili vakalar sunulmakta, daha sonra bozuklukların klinik tanıları yapılmakta ve DSM-IV-TR’den farklı olan DSM-5’te yapılan değişikliklere yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca, DSM-5’teki tanı ölçütleri, bozuklukların etiyolojisi ve epidemiyolojisi, bozukluklar üzerinde kalıtımın ve çevrenin etkileri, biyolojik ve sosyal ve kültürel etkiler, en güncel araştırmalardan elde edilen verilerle harmanlanarak sunulmaktadır. Ruhsal bozuklukların tedavisinde etkili olacak terapi yaklaşımları ve ilaçla yapılan tedaviler hakkında da bilgiler veren kitap, sahip olduğu zengin içeriği ile eşsiz bir kaynaktır.
Anormal Psikoloji kitabının; profesyoneller ve öğrenciler için önemli bir rehber olacağına, yardıma ihtiyaç duyan insanların sorunlarının çözümüne, ruhsal bozuklukların tanı ve tedavisinde önemli katkılar sağlayacağına inanıyoruz.

A growing evidence-base shows that family therapy works, but many gaps in our knowledge remain about the conditions under which family therapy is effective and how it works. In this paper, ten critical research questions about family therapy that need to be addressed are considered. In short these are: 1. Is family therapy as effective in community settings as it is in specialist clinics? 2. For what problems is family therapy cost-effective? 3. Does family therapy work for under-researched problems and populations? 4. Do social-constructionist and narrative approaches to family therapy work? 5. Can family therapy protocols be enhanced for non-responders? 6. Can family therapy be combined with other psychotherapies to effectively treat specific problems? 7. Can family therapy be combined with pharmacotherapy to effectively treat specific problems?

The theory of ambiguous loss is applied to chronic illness in individuals, couples, and families. Lack of clarity about prognosis, daily physical condition, and fluctuating capabilities create relationship confusion, preoccupation with the illness, or avoidance of the ill individual. Immobilization, depression, and relationship collapse may occur in response to features of chronic illness over which there is no control. A case study illustrates helpful therapeutic interventions for couples and families with chronically ill members.

A commonly held belief is that the "unwanted" child is at risk for emotional disorders. This article teases out the aspects of unregulated fertility that are likely to result in an "unwanted" child and examines the evidence that suggest their relationship to mental illness.

Objective. Ten to 30% of students engage in bullying behavior. Bullies stand out on account of increased anger, poor interpersonal relationships, and poor quality of life. Our aim was to determine the effectiveness of outpatient family psychotherapy as a monotherapy for anger reduction and improvement of behavior and interpersonal relationships and of health-related quality of life in male youths with bullying behavior. Methods. Twenty-two boys with bullying behavior took part in a family therapy program for 6 months. The control group was also composed of 22 youths and took part in a placebo intervention program. Every 2 weeks, results were checked with the Adolescents Risky-Behavior Scale (ARBS), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-D), and the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Follow-up testing took place 12 months after treatment. Results. In comparison with the control group (according to the intention-to-treat principle), ...

This article offers a contribution to systemic thinking and practice in relation to emotions. It suggests that emotions are crucial in considering the relationship between individuals and social systems, patterns and relationships, including those between therapists and clients. Seeking to establish a balance between systemic and constructionist approaches, the article summarizes Bateson's description of schismogenesis in naven. Two sequences of clinical work, which were inspired by Bateson's ethnography and which contained strong emotions, are described. A focus on emotions, both those of clients and those of therapists, is shown to provide an opportunity for encompassing and opening up issues relating to culture, race, diachrony and experience. Culture is considered in terms of both expectations and context and emotional resonance in the therapy room used as a counterpoint to narrative emphasis.

The literature concerning the relationship between the child and the companion animal is reviewed including the possible use of companion animals as aids in the psychotherapy of children. The literature pertaining to cruelty to animals is also discussed. It is concluded that the evidence available is sufficient to justify further research into interactions between children and companion animals both in therapy and in the population generally, and some possible approaches are suggested.

hypothesis -now fully accepted throughout the cognitive neuroscience community -that the cerebellum is centrally involved in linguistic acquisition. Since Professor Bishop's research area is specific language impairment, she must have repressed this knowledge.

R i t r ý n d a r g r e i n a r Útdráttur Meginmarkmið rannsóknarinnar sem hér er kynnt var að kanna fjölskylduánaegju og samskipti milli fjölskyldumeðlima þegar einstaklingur innan fjölskyldu misnotar vímuefni. Tvö maelitaeki, ánaegjukvarði fjölskyldu, Family Satisfaction Scale, og samskiptakvarði fjölskyldu, Family Communica tion Scale, voru lögð fyrir 115 þátttakendur í byrjun fjögurra vikna fjöl­ skylduhópmeðferðar hjá SÁÁ frá október 2014 til júní 2015. Athugað var hversu ánaegðir aðstandendur voru með fjöl­ skyldu sína og hvernig þeir mátu samskipti innan hennar. Einnig var skoðað hvort munur vaeri á meðaltali kvarðanna um ánaegju og samskipti eftir því hver er vímuefnasjúkur: For­ eldri aðstandandans, systkin, maki eða barn. Í heild upplifðu þátttakendur litla ánaegju innan fjölskyldu sinnar, og höfðu áhyggjur baeði af tengslum innan hennar og af samskiptum fjölskyldumeðlima. Jafnframt kom fram að þátttakendur sem komu í fjölskylduhópmeðferð vegna vímuefnaneyslu foreldris upplifðu minni fjölskylduánaegju og samskipti innan fjölskyld­ unnar en þeir sem komu í meðferðina vegna maka, barns eða systkinis. Abstract The aim of the research is to examine family satisfaction and communication in families, where one family member is chemi­ cally dependent. Two ten item scales, Family Communication Scale (FCS) and Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS), were used to measure family communication and family satisfaction. The respondents were 115 members in alcoholic families that par­ ticipated in a four week family treatment group program at the National Center for Addiction Treatment (SÁÁ) from October 2014 to June 2015. The results indicate that the participants experienced low total family satisfaction, they were concerned about family relations and the quality of communication. Par­ ticipants who had parents that were addicted ranked family satisfaction and communication lower compared to those who had a spouse, siblings or children with addiction.

I think the quality of connection between the therapist and clients is paramount to establishing an empowering, human-to-human partnership. I am saddened to see limited emphasis on actual practice in training -it is possible to graduate without any actual guided and observed practical skill. I also dislike the current focus on diagnosing, classifying, and using prescriptive check-lists to 'manage' clients, even though I understand why this is so prevalent. This book resonates with my bias.

The literature on clinical internships in marriage and family therapy is limited in the discussion of the development of clinical sites as well as the benefits and challenges experienced by students and programs. This article focuses on the development of a marriage and family therapy internship in an offender reentry facility. The process of how students are referred and trained, the rewards and challenges of their work, and the supervision experience are described. The purpose is to inform marriage and family therapy programs about a potential resource for training students.

Implementation fidelity, a critical aspect of clinical trials research that establishes adequate delivery of the treatment as prescribed in treatment manuals and protocols, is also essential to the successful implementation of effective programs into new practice settings. Although infrequently studied in the drug abuse field, stronger implementation fidelity has been linked to better outcomes in practice but appears to be more difficult to achieve with greater distance from model developers. In the INternational CAnnabis Need for Treatment (INCANT) multinational randomized clinical trial, investigators tested the effectiveness of Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT) in comparison to individual psychotherapy (IP) in Brussels, Berlin, Paris, The Hague, and Geneva with 450 adolescents with a cannabis use disorder and their parents. This study reports on the implementation fidelity of MDFT across these five Western European sites in terms of treatment adherence, dose and program differentiation, and discusses possible implications for international implementation efforts.

This article provides an overview of an emotionally focused family therapy intervention for bulimic adolescents referred to an outpatient hospital clinic. The article attempts to integrate theory, practice, and preliminary research results. Bulimia is viewed from the theoretical perspective of attachment theory as described by Bowlby (1969). The emotionally focused approach to creating more secure attachment in families is described, outcome on a small number of adolescents is noted, and the implications of these theoretical and empirical points are discussed. Although there have been numerous systemic formulations of bulimia nervosa (Roberto, 1986; Root, Fallen, & Friedrich, 1986) and systemic interventions have become established as an important part of treatment of eating disorders (Gurman, Kniskem, & Pinsof, 1986), the treatment of bulimia with outpatient family therapy is still in an early phase of development. Influential authors have popularized the use of family interventions for eating disorders in general (Minuchin, Roseman, & Baker, 1978; Selvini-Palazzoli, 1978), and there are some empirical data on the effectiveness of family therapy for anorexia nervosa (Dare, Eisler, Russell, & Szmukler, 1990). Although a few descriptions of family therapy for

Mandated reporting of child abuse by Family Therapists (FTs) has been examined by the authors in two previous studies. The first study found that mandated reporting issues negatively affected FTs' abilities to maintain a systemic focus. The second study surveyed types and frequencies of negative experiences of FTs with mandated reporting. A 46-item questionnaire was administered to 101 FTs. Results were significant for four of the items. The respondents also provided 116 comments related to mandated reporting experiences. This study provides a qualitative analysis of the written comments of the respondents regarding their xexperiences with mandated reporting of child abuse.

While today many therapists try to integrate different therapeutic models, it does not seem easy to define the specific clinical features of each model. In this article, the practice of systemic individual therapy is compared to the psychoanalytic practice of transference analysis. The relevant distinction is found in the different use of third parties within the therapeutic frame. In systemic therapy, the third party is 'presentified' within the therapeutic dialogue, which becomes centred on external relationships, while in transference analysis the third party is subsumed to the therapeutic (transferential) relationship, which is considered the core of therapy. The practical consequences of those two different 'technologies of the self' are discussed.

Family affect was examined as a predictor of difficulty implementing a 9-month, manual-based, psychoeducational family therapy for recently manic bipolar patients. Prior to therapy, family members were administered measures to assess both their expressed emotion and affective behavior during a family interaction task. Following family treatment, both therapists and independent observers rated the overall difficulty of treating the family, and therapists also rated each participant's problem behaviors during treatment, in the areas of affect, communication, and resistance. Therapists regarded affective problems among relatives and resistance among patients as central in determining the overall difficulty of treating the family. Relatives' critical behavior toward patients during the pretreatment interaction task predicted both independent observers' ratings of overall treatment difficulty and therapists' perceptions of relatives' affective problems during treatment. Moreover, patients' residual symptoms predicted independent observers' ratings of overall difficulty and therapists' perceptions of patients' resistance to the family intervention. Results suggest that difficulties in conducting a manual-based family intervention can be predicted from systematic, pretreatment family and clinical assessment. Fam Proc 39:105-120, 2000 M EASURES of the family emotional climate have been found to be associated with the course of severe * This work is dedicated to the memory of Michael J. Goldstein, Ph.D., whose work enhanced both the theory and practice of family interventions for persons with severe psychiatric disorders.

In order to compete in a financially sensitive health care system, family systems-based treatments must demonstrate effective clinical results as well as cost-effectiveness. Costeffectiveness research can demonstrate to health care insurers and policy makers which treatments are viable options for implementation. The present literature review identified eight cost-effectiveness family-based substance abuse treatment studies. The results suggest that certain family-based treatments are cost-effective and warrant consideration for inclusion in health care delivery systems.

Guided by a family resiliency model grounded in systems theory and social constructionism, we conducted in-depth interviews to explore how 18 Arab American couples living in New York and New Jersey perceived and dealt with the terrorist attacks and aftereffects of September 11, 2001. Results are organized around five themes: Making sense of the attacks; the social environment after September 11, 2001; construction of identity: Arab and/or American; how couples cope: reactions and resources; and immigration and acculturation. Clinical recommendations include helping couples to uncover and to explore conflicts in both Arab and American identities, using genograms to deal with family-of-origin histories, recognizing specific couple dynamics linked to traditional gender roles, helping couples connect to religious and cultural communities, and assessing acculturation.

Therapy is a paid intimate relationship that thrusts clients and therapists into navigating personal and professional boundaries. When, where, why, and how is it appropriate and ethical for family therapists to be transparent, and when is it damaging? Theorists take varied stances from Haley's position of tight boundaries around therapist disclo-sureFwhether in treatment or trainingFto the narrative viewpoint that therapists should be transparent about models of therapy, personal values, and life experiences that inform their practice and beliefs. However, these positions are not research based, and theorists who support disclosure offer few guidelines other than general statements. This article examines the history of ideas about disclosure in six major family therapy models, and the dangers and possibilities of transparency. It looks at the research on self-disclosure in individual therapy and whether and how it could apply to family therapy. Guidelines are proposed that take into account the multiple social identities of therapists and clients, and issues of safety and transparency.

This paper explores aspects of the theory and practice of psychotherapy with the aim of identifying similarities in the approaches of both family therapists and psychoanalytic psychotherapists. The author calls for a dialogue between the disciplines, and makes specific reference to the potential value of this in relation to training and research.

The objective of this article is to review the state of the science in evidence-based drug abuse treatments for Hispanic adolescents, highlight scientific opportunities, and offer recommendations to further the field of drug abuse treatment for this population. The article is divided into seven sections: boundaries for this review, drug abuse and associated problems, behavioral treatment, cultural issues in hispanic adolescent behavioral drug abuse treatment, pharmacological treatment, gender differences in treatment, and scientific opportunities/recommendations. Although only one treatment approach, Brief Strategic Family Therapy, has been empirically shown to be efficacious in treating Hispanic adolescent drug abusers, with some modifications other treatments may also have the potential to be efficacious with Hispanic adolescents. Family-based approaches, which typically appear to be most efficacious with adolescents in general, may also have the greatest potential to treat drug abuse in Hispanic adolescents.

This study advances the research on decision-making concerning child maltreatment by providing descriptions of both the process and outcome of therapist decision-making. Results indicated that decision-making about child maltreatment involves therapist-specific factors such as worldview assumptions, ethical principles, and prior clinical and life experience; situational factors including the type and severity of abuse, the amount of evidence presented, and client

Problematic substance use is a significant concern for Aboriginal communities across Australia. Most approaches to intervention are individualised, locating the problem and the solution in the substance user. When problematic use is common within a family and community, individual treatment is likely to be ineffective. A literature review of familyfocussed and culturally specific drug and alcohol interventions was conducted to inform the development of family-focussed interventions in the community setting. The review supports the development of family-focussed interventions, suggesting this approach will be culturally appropriate and effective for Aboriginal communities. The potential role of social work in working with Aboriginal communities on problematic substance use, and likely barriers for the profession, are discussed.

The outcomes of a randomized clinical trial of a new behavioral family intervention, Stepping Stones Triple P, for preschoolers with developmental and behavior problems are presented. Forty-eight children with developmental disabilities participated, 27 randomly allocated to an intervention group and 20 to a wait-list control group. Parents completed measures of parenting style and stress, and independent observers assessed parent-child interactions. The intervention was associated with fewer child behavior problems reported by mothers and independent observers, improved maternal and paternal parenting style, and decreased maternal stress. All effects were maintained at 6-month follow-up.

2000) clarify understandings of domestic violence as well as explore how issues of control, power, and violence impact relationships. They point out how in order to create relevant and effective treatment, it is necessary to consider the specific context of violence and not generalize or make assumptions. Stith et al. analyzed domestic violence re-

This study explored the process of resolving an in-session impasse between a parent and an adolescent in family therapy. Focusing on altering the content and affective tone of a discussion, the "shift intervention" was used to direct a family's conversation away from trying to solve behavior management problems and toward a discussion of fundamental relationship problems. Task analysis was used to specify problematic family interactions, the intervention strategy, and successful and unsuccessful outcomes. Descriptive analyses of 5 successful and 5 unsuccessful interventions yielded a detailed performance model of therapist and family behaviors involved in breaking the impasse. The Beavers Timberlawn Family Evaluation Scale was used to verify the presence of the shift intervention in the data set and to embellish the performance model. The model suggested that adolescents became more cooperative and engaged in treatment when parents shifted from trying to control them to trying to understand them. A detailed performance map for accomplishing this shift is offered. Several research reviews have concluded that family-based treatments can treat a variety of disorders effectively (Diamond, Serrano, Dickey, & Sonis, 1996;Shadishetal., 1993), including adolescent drug abuse (H. L. Liddle & Dakof, 1995). Despite this progress, few studies have identified and examined core change processes associated with these interventions (Friedlander, Wildman, Heatherington, & Skowrow, 1994). Many family treatments target change in multiple dimensions of a family's social ecology (e.g., child, parent, school, peer, work). Principal among them is the parent-adolescent relationship as it manifests in interactional behavior and communication patterns. Family therapy theory assumes that an individual's symptoms decrease to the extent that family relationships improve. Recent studies of therapy process and outcome have begun to support this claim (