Engineering Circuit Analysis

This paper examines the theoretical possibility of producing boundless electrical energy by way of acceleration of electromagnetic coils, with emphasis on the possibility of constructing a perpetual motion machine. We assess the mechanisms of electromagnetic induction, motion of coils and laws of physics in general to answer the question; is it possible to deploy such a system for producing limitless energy? By employing mathematical modeling, corroborated by the laws of physics as well as the laws of thermodynamics, we maintain that while electromagnetic coil acceleration will yield some electricity, output heat due to energy losses as well as energy conservation law renders the prospect of obtaining infinite electricity from such a system impossible.

The lead-acid battery has been widely applied in the fields of electric vehicles, IPS, Solar Power Station etc. due to its advantages of high power, long lifespan, availability of electricity, low cost etc. In this study, 80 pieces lead-acid batteries are adopted to explore the effects of variation of mass of active materials of negative and positive plates on active material utilization coefficient. Batteries are categorized into four samples according to the mass of active materials of the plates and in every samples has 20 pieces similar batteries of similar plates and active materials. The batteries are charged according to the constant current charging process. After that capacity of the batteries are measured using constant current discharging process. Comparing the capacity found from the research, an optimal combination of plates will be found which will give the best active mass utilization coefficient .

This paper describes different measuring devices used in electrical system. A measuring instrument is a device in which we can determine the magnitude or value of the quantity to be measured. The electrical quantity such as voltage, current, power, power factor, energy and electronic quantity such as resistance, capacitance, inductance are measured with the help of different measuring devices. These papers introduce different measuring instruments with their working principal.

How will the electrostatic interaction between two point charges change if they are shielded from the other by a dielectrical slab? While the physical setting of this electromagnetic problem is relatively simple, it is easy to be wronged, and the correct solution is surprisingly complicated. Here we will show a general answer using the method of images, in which the electrical field is not found by solving the Poisson's equation but by superposing an infinite number of image charges to recurrently satisfy all interfaces' boundary conditions. We also obtain analytical and algebraic results in some special cases.

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью ведения непрерывного мониторинга местоположения и скорости внутритрубных очистных устройств при их движении внутри трубопроводов, предназначенных для транспортировки углеводородов. Данный мониторинг необходим для обеспечения эффективного использования внутритрубных очистных устройств и минимизации трудозатрат при его извлечении в случае застревания. При этом требуется максимально возможная точность определения указанных показателей. Несмотря на наличие многочисленных систем для решения данной задачи, разработка оборудования для точного определения скорости и линейных координат при движении внутритрубного очистного устройства, а также при его нештатной остановке в трубопроводе, остается актуальной. Цель: исследовать эффективность системы инфразвукового мониторинга газопроводов для сопровождения внутритрубного очистного устройства при движении и при нештатной остановке. Объекты: линейная часть магистральных газопроводов и внутритрубные очистные устройства. Методы: инфразвуковой мониторинг магистрального газопровода для сопровождения внутритрубного очистного устройства с использованием сети распределенных датчиков, установленных в непосредственной близости от газопровода; прием и анализ инфразвуковых сигналов, возникающих при ударах внутритрубного очистного устройства о внутреннюю поверхность трубы; онлайн мониторинг текущего местоположения внутритрубного очистного устройства. Результаты. Показана возможность сопровождения внутритрубного очистного устройства с использованием системы инфразвукового мониторинга газопроводов. При этом система в автоматическом режиме в реальном времени определяет местоположение и скорость при движении внутритрубного очистного устройства. Чувствительность датчиков системы при сопровождении внутритрубного очистного устройства позволяет устанавливать их на расстоянии до 40 км друг от друга для позиционирования внутритрубного очистного устройства с необходимой точностью. Наблюдавшиеся при испытаниях величины отклонения текущих координат, определенных с использованием системы, от фактических координат составили не более 46 м для движущегося внутритрубного очистного устройства и 7 м для остановившегося внутритрубного очистного устройства. Также экспериментально подтверждено, что инфразвуковой сигнал быстрее затухает при распространении по направлению движения потока газа. Выводы. Инфразвуковой мониторинг является эффективным техническим решением по сопровождению внутритрубного очистного устройства при движении внутри трубопровода и при его поиске в случае нештатной остановки.

How will the electrostatic interaction between two point charges change if they are shielded from the other by a dielectrical slab? While the physical setting of this electromagnetic problem is relatively simple, it is easy to be wronged, and the correct solution is surprisingly complicated. Here we will show a general answer using the method of images, in which the electrical field is not found by solving the Poisson's equation but by superposing an infinite number of image charges to recurrently satisfy all interfaces' boundary conditions. We also obtain analytical and algebraic results in some special cases.

В статье предложена модель многоканальной системы контроля температуры в двух реализациях, проверена работоспособность систем и соответствие заданным требованиям, приведены результаты проделанной работы. Поставлена задача по разработке удобного для пользователя и финансово эффективного решения контроля температуры в аквариумных танках больших океанариумных комплексов.

In this paper, a numerical procedure is proposed that is both coupled electromagnetic and uncoupled magnetic-mechanical, and enables the calculation of electromagnetic force in thin circular flat plates by using a spiral coil as an actuator. Its inductances, which link the electric and magnetic phenomena, can be calculated by treating the problem as an electric circuit. The influence of system parameters, such as pulse energy, workpiece and coil geometry and material properties, are considered in the calculation of electromagnetic force. The calculation routine models the problem as a system of ordinary differential equations to obtain the discharge (actuator coil) and induced (workpiece) currents. Free bulging experiments with discharge current acquisition were performed to demonstrate satisfactory correlation with the calculation method, which provides valuable feedback for system design.

В монографии представлены обобщенные результаты исследования способов адаптации методов роевого интеллекта к непромышленным робототехническим системам. Рассматриваются основные алгоритмы роевого интеллекта на предмет их реализации в групповой робототехнике, некоторые математические модели решения сопутствующих задач, обобщенные модели боидов и расчет показателей их надежности.

Metal battery technology of air into a promising alternative power source and its development is being observed throughout the world, this technology is applied in various fields such as electric cars and even electric boats. Aluminum into the anode material has advantages over other metals, red brick became one alternative cathode materials for battery air-conditioned metal, a mixture of these two materials have been studied in many developed countries as an alternative material manufacture battery cathode. In Indonesia, it will be used since the time of our ancestors in many good purposes pottery, building material until the red brick. Then conducted trials to determine the ability of this material as a cathode air on Aluminum-air battery with 6 Mol Potassium Hydroxide as a solution of electrolytes, voltage values with cell dimensions of Ø25 mm and 10 mm thick produce the highest voltage value of 1.28 volts and a current of 29 mA, battery cells can be applied optimally in the light 1 watt when strung together 27 series battery cells. Series or parallel with the system's expected battery by utilizing residual red brick waste can be used for alternative energy sources lighting. Energy produced has properties Sustainable Environment, does not damage the environment, have the availability of the primary material, and has a good safety compared to other batteries.

His current areas of interest include PC/DSP based instruments, motion and industrial process control, insulation-condition assessment techniques and advanced signal-processing applications. Dr Purkait has published extensively in international journals and conference proceedings on various topics related to his research paradigm.

Важным элементом в комплексе работ по сокращению сроков технологической подготовки производства является создание эффективных систем автоматизированного проектирования технологических процессов изготовления изделий. Большую сложность при создании таких систем представляет процесс описания самой детали, которое достаточно сложным и трудоемким, таким, которое требует специальных знаний и навыков. Достичь упрощения процесса описания детали, а также самого процесса проектирования технологического процесса можно, если в основу системы САПР ТП положить принципы модульной технологии. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1331

We present a new model, and the validating experiments, that unveil the rich physics behind the flight of a conductive ring in the Thomson experiment, a physics veiled by the fast thrust that impels the ring. We uncover interesting features of the electro-dynamics of the flying ring, e.g. the varying mutual inductance between ring and the thrusting electromagnet, or how to measure the ring proper magnetic field in the presence of the larger field of the electromagnet. We succeed in separating the position and time dependences of the ring variables as it travels upward in a diverging magnetic field, obtaining a comprehensive view of the ring motion. We introduce a low-cost jumping ring setup that incorporates simple innovative devices, e.g. a couple of pickup coils connected in opposition that allows us to scrutinize the ring electrodynamics, and to confirm the predictions of our theoretical model with good accuracy. This work is within the reach of senior students of science or engineering, and it can be exploited either as a teaching laboratory experiment or as an open-end project work.

The permanent magnet moving coil instrument or PMMC type instrument uses two permanent magnets in order to create stationary magnetic field. These types of instruments are only used for measuring the dc quantities as if we apply ac current to these type of instruments the direction of current will be reversed during negative half cycle and hence the direction of torque will also be reversed which gives average value of torque zero. The pointer will not deflect due to high frequency from its mean position showing zero reading. However it can measure the direct current very accurately.

Magnetism and Electromagnetism Magnetism A magnetic field can be defined as any region of space in which magnetic effects take place. A magnetic field is present in;a) Around a current carrying solenoid b) Around a solenoid with current flowing through it c) A bar magnet The direction of a magnetic field is from North to South The magnetic lines of force are purely imaginary (invisible) and were introduced by Michael Faraday as a means of visualising the distribution and density of a magnetic field. Magnetic field lines resist denting and distortion and exert a force in order to restore their initial shape. Magnetic field lines due to an Electric current An electric current has the ability to magnetise the space around it. A convenient method to determine the direction of the magnetic field is to grip the conductor with the right hand, with the thumb outstretched in the direction of the current. The fingers then point in the direction of the field. Magnetic Field of a Solenoid The solenoid consists of a number of turns of a wire wound in the same direction, so that when the coil is carrying a current, all the turns are assisting one another in producing a magnetic field.

The importance of a lead-acid battery in our daily life needs no explanation. Automotive batteries in their dominant part were made with hard rubber holders and heavy plates and the service life was two years. On the other hand, in stationary batteries, open Planet style cells were still being used and got an additional arrangement of positive plates once the primary set was exhausted. The world has improved significantly from that point forward, both in structure and innovation. Still, the lead-corrosive battery for rechargeable frameworks has not changed, despite there is no indication that it tends to be supplanted close to term by secondary battery framework. So, it is advantageous to take a gander at enhancements in the innovation of battery creation that have occurred essentially in the course of the most recent ten years. Thyristor innovation and microprocessor control take into account strategies that one could dream about in previous times. From a car battery to a UPS inverter, we daily need the services of a lead-acid battery. Considering these aspects, the current research is an effort to provide such solutions so, that the working life of the lead-acid battery increases by not increasing its manufacturing cost. It was found that the two added substances methane sulfonic acid (MSA) and aminomethyl sulfonic acid (AMSA) to lead-acid batteries can enhance the electro-chemical performance and thermal stability of which MSA shows the best impact.

Цель работы – разработка конструкции роботизированной газонокосилки и написание программы управления. В аналитической части приведена характеристика роботизированных газонокосилок и их сравнение. В технологической части представлена программа управления агрегатом, необходимые расчеты для создания траектории движения. В конструкторской части выпускной квалификационной работы представлен чертеж разработанной газонокосилки.The characteristic of robotic lawn-mowers and their comparison is provided in an analytical part. In a technological part the program of control of the unit, necessary calculations for creation of a trajectory of the movement is submitted. In a design part of final qualification work the drawing of the developed lawn-mower is submitted. In the section "Safety and Environmental Friendliness of the Project" dangerous and harmful factors, actions for their elimination, and also safety measures are revealed

We are generating electrical power as nonconventional method by simply walking or running on the foot step. Non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. Non-conventional energy using foot step is converting mechanical energy into the electrical energy. The main aim of this project is to develop much cleaner cost effective way of power generation method, which in turns helps to bring down the global warming as well as reduce the power shortages. In this project the conversion of the force energy in to electrical energy by using electromagnetic induction. In this project the force energy is converted into electrical energy. The control mechanism carries the copper coil and bar magnetic which is used to generate voltage, a rechargeable battery is used to store this generated voltage.

We study some consequences of the absence of microscopic reversibility on financial processes. We analyze high resolution data and find asymmetric time dependent cross correlation functions indicating dominance of some companies in the price formation procedure. These effects can be summarised in a directed netowrk of influence. Furthermore, we show that in the Lux-Marchesi multi agent market model spontaneous fluctuations decay differently from perturbations caused by external effects. The latter are easily controlled in the model, however, in real data the separation of the internal and the external effects is a highly nontrivial task.

Absolute instruments are those which give the value of the electrical quantity to be measured, in terms of the constant of the instruments and their deflection only, e.g. tangent galvanometer.  Secondary Instruments: Secondary instruments are those which have been precalibrated by comparison with an absolute instrument. The value of the electrical quantity to be measured in these instruments can be determined from the deflection of the instrument. Without calibration of such an instrument, the deflection is meaningless.  Different types of secondary instruments:  1)Indicating  2)Recording  3)Integrating

A computer interface has been used to measure the 'terminal voltage versus current' characteristic of a variety of batteries, their series and parallel combinations, and the variation with discharge. The concept of an internal resistance demonstrates that current flows through the battery, determines the efficiency and serves to introduce Thevenin's theorem.

In determining the properties and inductance of ferromagnetic core inductor, hysteresis modeling is of high importance. Many models are available to investigate those characteristics but they tend to be complex and difficult to implement. In this paper, we report a new mathematical model based on the experimental data of hysteresis for ferromagnetic core inductor. The proposed model can restore the hysteresis curve with a little RMS error. We used the model to determine analytically the expression of the current in a RL series circuit forced by an alternating source. A good agreement is found between our theoretical and experimental results.

This work presents life cycle analysis, the primary energy demand and balance, as well as overall sustainability of using Pb-acid and Li-ion technology in residential photovoltaic systems. It is shown that the ecological amortization in residential storage occurs after only a few months of operation. The Li-ion storage system becomes environmentally positive after 0.6 years while Pb-acid systems require 1.8 years of operation before it becomes environmentally positive.

Electrical Network Analysis course outline by HU under HEC:
To equip the students with the knowledge and techniques of analyzing electrical networks. Course contents Circuit Transients: current and voltage transients RLC circuits with DC and AC excitation, resonant circuit: series and parallel resonance in AC circuit, Q-factor, bandwidth, selectivity. Poly Phase Circuits: poly phase generators, star and delta connections, phase sequence, voltage and current relations, vector diagrams for balance and unbalanced three phase networks, three phase unbalanced star and delta connected loads, power in three phase circuits and different methods of its measurements. Two port network, characterization of linear time-invariant, two ports by six sets of parameters, relationship among parameter sets, interconnection of two port network. Initial condition determination, laplace transform and differential equations, laplace transform of signals involving generalized functions, convolution, introduction to poles and zeros and stability criteria, impedance functions and network theorems, frequency response, magnitude and phase plots, fourier series and transform. Lab Work outline: Design and implement RLC circuits and observe resonance and impedance characteristics. Verify the node voltages and loop currents in RLC circuits using instruments. Verify Circuit theorems using lab instruments. Verify circuit transformations using lab instruments. Learn the use of Circuit Simulation computer package such as, SPICE, observe transient and steady state response in RL, RC and RLC circuits using SPICE, MATLAB/SIMULINK

The magnetic core is used in electric generators to provide high permeable path for magnetic field lines. Due to this reason flux density in core increases and strong emf produces when change in flux occurs within conductor. For that either magnet or magnetic core should be move. But in present paper experimentally it is proved that it does not require to move magnetic core as well as magnet in place of that we can fix both and only by moving coil we can produce stronger emf.

A vibrating wire may be used as an instrument with a variety of applications, one of which is the measurement of magnetic fields. Often, the magnetic fields are determined by measuring the amplitude of the wire vibration under the action of a Lorentz force. Though generally adequate, this approach may be inconvenient in certain circumstances. One of these occurs when it is necessary to measure the amplitude of high-frequency vibration, as the amplitude is expected to decrease linearly with frequency, and thus becomes harder to measure. Another example may be found in situations where the sensor must operate over a wide range of vibration frequencies. In this case the sensor will be unresponsive to specific frequencies of wire vibration, which are determined by the placement of the sensor. This means that for the instrument to be robust, the sensor must be precisely mobile, or multiple sensors must be used. Here a technique which may be used to supplement the displacement sensor is d...

A magnetic field can be measured on a space scale of a few millimeters by means of magnetic sensors, such as a Rogowski-Chattock coil. The main advantage of the Rogowski coil is its capability to measure the field strength directly at the sample surface because both ends of the coil can be installed very close to the specimen surface. However, the measurements are affected by numerous errors, which are comprehensively discussed in this note.

An accelerated method was used to determine the effect of temperature, end-of-charge voltage and the type of storage condition over the performance pouch lithium-ion cells. The cells were studied for 4.0 V and 4.2 V end-of-charge voltages (EOCV) both at 5 • C and 35 • C. The irreversible capacity loss of the cell was analyzed every month using a capacity measurement protocol. The results indicated that higher temperature and voltage accelerates the degradation of the cells. The open circuit voltage (OCV) decay of the cells stored under open circuit conditions was also analyzed. The reasons for the irreversible capacity loss, energy loss, OCV decay and the increase in the internal resistance of the cell are discussed in detail. The most detrimental storage condition and the most mild storage condition are identified and discussed in detail.

If you’ve thought about getting into electronics, but don’t know where to start, this book gives you the information you need. Starting with the basics of electricity and circuits, you'll be introduced to digital electronics and microcontrollers, capacitors and inductors, and amplification circuits – all while gaining the basic tools and information you need to start working with low-power electronics.

Electronics for Beginners walks the fine line of focusing on projects-based learning, while still keeping electronics front and center. You'll learn the mathematics of circuits in an uncomplicated fashion and see how schematics map on to actual breadboards. Written for the absolute beginner, this book steers clear of being too math heavy, giving readers the key information they need to get started on their electronics journey.

Solvated organic compound with the general formula 2-formyl-3,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenyl benzoate [C16H14O5] was synthesized. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Mass Spectrometry (MS) and X-ray powder analytical methods were used here for structure elucidation. Characterization revealed a triclinic geometry with space group P1. The refined unit cell parameters are, a = 15.196 Å, b = 14.882 Å and c = 14.606 Å. Development in present work is an idea of the organic electrochemical dry cell. Electrochemists with an idea in vitro/vivo development in present assay are openly encouraged for supporting exploration.

Thevein's theorem is used to simplify the analysis of complex network into a standard equivalent network. Suppose that a complex network consists of number of sources and resistors connected in any manner, then according to this theorem. "Any network can be replaced by a single source in series with a single resistance."