Emigration Research

Edición traducida del francés de un relato semi-autobiográfico en el que Marie-José Lopez narra la historia de vida de su padre. Un testimonio del paso por la historia de un conjunto de personas condenadas al anonimato por su extracción social: campesinos de la comarca de El Rebollar que, como tantos otros de las periferias ibéricas, se vieron forzados que emigrar. El protagonista, Feliciano, que vino al mundo en 1901, encarna una compleja trayectoria de idas y venidas que le permitieron acometer incipientemente la producción de energía eléctrica en su localidad.

Communiqué de presse relations presse : Atlas des migrations en Méditerranée de l'antiquité à nous jours
Cet ouvrage propose un panorama original des migrations en Méditerranée depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’à nos jours.
Plus de 70 spécialistes, historiens, géographes, anthropologues, politologues, se sont donné comme objectif de montrer comment les migrations ont façonné les sociétés et les cultures méditerranéennes au cours de l’histoire. Ils rendent accessibles grâce à des textes courts, des phénomènes complexes, en mettant en lumière leurs particularités ou leur banalité ou en remettant en perspective les conditions de leur émergence. En regard, des extraits de sources historiques et des illustrations permettent de saisir les espoirs, les inquiétudes, parfois les drames qui accompagnent les mobilités d’hommes et de femmes de tous horizons.
Les 200 cartes produites jouent sur les échelles de représentation et varient les angles d’approche thématique : de l’observation des mouvements dans un port aux mobilités qui sillonnent l’ensemble des rivages méditerranéens, jusqu’aux projections mondiales des diasporas méditerranéennes, ou les mutations d’une métropole cosmopolite sous l’effet des arrivées successives de migrants.
L’atlas se structure en trois parties composées chacune de chapitres au sein desquels se succèdent, après une introduction, des doubles- pages thématiques, laissant ainsi le choix d’une lecture continue ou fractionnée. Il évoque d’abord les structures qui encadrent, contrôlent ou accompagnent les migrations (routes, frontières, lieux d’accueil, cadres politiques et juridiques, puis les différents acteurs (marchands, travailleurs, esclaves, religieux, intellectuels ou artistes) avant de porter attention aux modalités de contacts entre les migrants et les sociétés d’accueil (invasions, colonisations, transferts, cosmopolitisme, xénophobie).
Cet atlas s’adresse à un lectorat qui cherche à mieux connaître et comprendre une question qui, sous les feux de l’actualité, suscite des discours aux formules lapidaires et parfois outrancières.
ISBN : 978-2-330-14501-9
Prix indicatif : 35.00€

Festival : Migrations. Festival International de Géographie, Saint-Dié-des-Vosges

Conférence décentralisée «L'immigration polonaise en France : 100 ans des accords
francopolonais. Toul ou l'Ellis Island des migrants polonais» par Laurent Rzepala, diplômé
en histoire contemporaine et en langue et civilisation polonaises de l'université Aix-Marseille
(organisée avec l’association Nancy-France-Pologne et la Ville de Nancy, avec le soutien de
l’Institut Polonais de Paris)

Il y a tout juste cent ans, le 3 septembre 1919, la France et la Pologne signaient une convention d’immigration organisant l’arrivée en nombre des travailleurs polonais afin de reconstruire un pays dévasté par le premier conflit mondial. Un lieu marquera la mémoire de tous les migrants polonais, celui du dépôt de Toul, véritable centre de triage ayant pour but de diriger les travailleurs vers leurs nouveaux employeurs. Une grande majorité découvrit alors les houillères du Nord-Pas-de-Calais tandis que d’autres rejoignirent des exploitations agricoles. Le bassin minier lorrain attira également une partie des migrants polonais qui s’installèrent durablement dans la région en recréant de véritables « Petites Pologne ».




A l’occasion du centenaire de ces accords, intéressons-nous à l’histoire de l’immigration polonaise en France et plus particulièrement à la présence polonaise en Lorraine qui fut avec le dépôt de Toul le premier point de chute de ces migrants venus aider au redressement de l’économie française et dans l’espoir d’y trouver une vie meilleure.

Le Minho tient une place de choix au cœur du paysage idéalisé du monde rural portugais que le régime de l’Estado Novo (1933-1974) diffusa massivement au cours des années 1930-1960. Région d’importants flux migratoires vers le Brésil au XIXe siècle et vers la France au XXe siècle, le Minho est la plus ancienne province du pays. Située au nord-ouest, c’est à partir de là que s’est constitué le royaume chrétien du Portugal au XIIe siècle, dont les frontières sont fixées dès 1249. Dans l’imaginaire national, et parmi toutes les régions qui, ensemble, constituent les métaphores de la nation portugaise, le Minho, “travailleur”, “berceau de la Nation” et “symbole de l’identité nationale” incarne la pérennité et l’essence de la “portugalité”. Ces registres furent largement exploités par l’Estado Novo pour asseoir son idéologie du pays rural, mais aussi pour contrer la réalité d’une émigration croissante, dont l’un des effets clairement perceptibles fut la transformation concrète et durable des paysages ruraux, liée à leur urbanisation progressive.

L’échec de la révolution de novembre 1830 entraîne un flux massif de réfugiés polonais en
France. A la marge des exilés de la Grande Émigration qui s’établissent à Paris, les réfugiés
moins illustres doivent trouver leur place au sein de la société française. La Provence joue
un rôle essentiel dans l’accueil de certains de ces réfugiés avec la création d’un dépôt
militaire à Avignon. Alors que de nombreux réfugiés sont dispersés dans toute la France à sa
fermeture en 1833 certains choisissent de s’installer définitivement dans la région. Au regard
de l’étude des subsides bienveillamment octroyés par le gouvernement français quoique
constituant un moyen de surveillance de ces étrangers, le portrait de l’émigration polonaise
en Provence apparaît. Entre attachement au pays d’origine et désir d’intégration, entre
engagement dans la Légion Étrangère et engouement républicain, les réfugiés polonais
établis en Provence font face à de nombreuses déceptions mais trouvent souvent leur place
dans la société provençale.


The failure of the November 1830 revolution resulted in a massive flow of Polish refugees to
France. On the margins of the exiles of the Great Emigration who settle in Paris, the less
illustrious refugees must find their place in French society. Provence plays an essential role in
welcoming some of these refugees with the creation of a military depot in Avignon. While
many refugees were dispersed throughout France when it closed in 1833, some chose to settle
permanently in the region. In view of the study of the subsidies kindly granted by the French
government, although constituting a means of surveillance of these foreigners, the portrait of
Polish emigration to Provence appears. Between attachment to the country of origin and
desire for integration, between engagement in the Foreign Legion and republican enthusiasm,
Polish refugees established in Provence face many disappointments but often find their place
in Provencal society.

Th e article clarifi es the role of the Olshany cemetery in Prague as a location for the memory of Ukrainians and about Ukrainians. Olshany is one of the largest necropolises of prominent Ukrainians outside Ukraine. Most Ukrainians buried here became emigrants as a result of the defeat of the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917-1921. Th e purpose of this article is to demonstrate the perception of this necropolis among Ukrainians, to show some aspects of mentions of Olshany in the Ukrainian information space and to fi nd out its possible role as a place of memory. Th e topic of Olshany became more active in the Ukrainian media in 2017 due to the threat of losing the grave of one of the most prominent Ukrainian poets of the early twentieth century-Oleksandr Oles (Kandyba) and his wife. Th e periodicity of attention to Olshany is explained by the interest of Ukrainians in the subject of the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917-1921, which also acquires a greater resonance closer to the memorable dates. Members of the Ukrainian governments buried in the cemetery, including Fedor Shvets, Stepan Siropolko, Volodymyr Leontovych, Sofi a Rusova, Hryhoriy Sydorenko, Apollinarii Marshynsky, as well as scientists and artists Spiridon Cherkasenko, Mykola Andrusov, Yevhen Ivanenko and others, together with the military UGA, are very important part of the memory of Ukrainian post-revolutionary emigration, and involve people in understanding their destinies through the fi elds in which they were engaged before, during and aft er the Revolution. Th at is why Olshany already acts as a place of memory for Ukrainian historians, teachers, diplomats, etc. But given the professional diversity of the people buried there and the signifi cant legacy they have left behind, this place has greater potential. And new generations of Ukrainians who work or study in the Czech Republic now can contribute even more to this.

A 20. század eseményei igen sok alkalmat adtak az amerikai magyar emigráció létszámának növekedéséhez. Az országból történt kivándorlás több hullámban zajlott, értelemszerűen a világégésekhez és gazdasági válságokhoz kapcsolódva. Ezek következtében a magyarság társadalmának széles köre életének egy következő szakaszát az amerikai kontinensen kezdte meg. Ebbe a körbe beletartoztak az ország régi arisztokrata családjainak tagjai is, akik közül legtöbben a második világháború utáni diktatúrák tombolása idején hagyták el Magyarországot, a visszatérés reményében.

Aintzane Legarreta Mentxaka,  "La Vida Vasca de Kate O'Brien" [original title: 'Mary Lavelle']  [commissioned]. El Correo Culture Supplement. 15 September 2018, p. 10.
……………………………………

Kate O'Brien (1897-1974) es una de las novelistas más importantes de Irlanda, y una escritora de nota en la literatura del siglo veinte en lengua inglesa. Su novela 'Mary Lavelle', que algunos críticos consideran su mejor obra, está situada en Euskadi. Y su carrera, aunque pocos lo saben, comenzó en Bilbo en 1922...

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Every invading army conveys its message first through brutal force, guns, shells, and bullets, and only later occupies itself with explaining to the locals that in fact they come in peace and providing reasons it might be a good thing to be occupied. Communication with the occupied population is always conducted through language specialists who either come from within the army itself and who have cultural knowledge and foreign language skills, or those who are recruited on the ground. Those who come from the second group usually experience endless problems as they can be seen to be collaborators. Despite the outright genocidal nature of the campaign the Wehrmacht unleashed in the USSR in June 1941, the Germans needed to address the issue of how to talk to people.
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The inter-related natural and cultural heritage of Rosa spinosissima and Scots Roses.
Peter D. A. Boyd
Independent Researcher and Holder of UK National Collection of Scots Roses (Plant Heritage)

Probably, no other plant has such a little-known multiplicity of associations with human culture as Rosa spinosissima (Scots Rose, Burnet Rose, Dune Rose, Prickly Rose).
It has a natural distribution from north-west China to north-western Europe.
It is featured in British and European myths (e.g. the Towton or Battle Rose in Yorkshire, the Dunwich Rose, Ardennes folk-tales, Norwegian Trolls).
The species was included in 16th century herbals of northern Europe, used in traditional Chinese medicine and, recently, in the development of new drugs; also a food, flavouring for traditional European beverages (e.g. Klit-rose Schnapps) and a dye.
Sometimes, it was emblem of the House of York and the Jacobite cause and symbol of Scottish Nationalism.
The shrub has been grown in gardens since at least the 16th century and the first variant with a coloured flower was discovered in Scotland in the late 17th century – after which most cultivars of Rosa spinosissima became known as Scots or Scotch Roses.
A small number of ‘single’ cultivars were available by the late 18th century but the discovery and breeding of ‘double’ cultivars caused an explosion of interest in nurserymen and gardeners in the early 19th century. Over five hundred cultivars were available by 1840. They became popular in Nordic countries.
Emigration from Britain and Scandinavia in the 19th century and international nursery trade led to the dispersion of Scots Roses to North America, Australia, New Zealand and elsewhere.
19th and early 20th century novels feature immigrants taking Scots Roses with them as iconic reminders of their old homes and they were often planted on ex-patriate graves.
Old cultivars and their progeny survive in old gardens and cemeteries in both hemispheres but they are a living heritage under threat.

In a mysterious castle in Libya, the narrator stumbles on some unexpected vestiges of the past which inspire him to recount his unique experiences in Australia. The result is the story of a meeting of two cultures — Italian and Aboriginal — and the emotions aroused by his chance encounters with people and places that are the vivid, though fragile, proof of that meeting.
Polenta and Goanna is the fictionalised outcome of the author’s attempts between 1986 and 1991 to explore a little-known slice of Australian history, recounted through the life of an Italian migrant and the parallel narrative of an Italian writer who discovers his story.  The novel is based on interviews with dozens of people the author met during his research, as well as publications and documents from public libraries and museums, in Western Australia.  The author’s stated intention is to recreate and document a significant fragment of Australian history, hence his effort to use only elements directly heard or based on documented historical fact.

Významnú kapitolu dejín Kysúc predstavuje obdobie sprevádzané vysťahovalectvom do USA podnietené viacerými nevyhovujúcimi podmienkami v rámci Rakúsko-Uhorska. Príspevok sa zaoberá konkrétne problematikou vysťahovalectva z oblasti Bystrickej doliny koncom 19. a v prvých rokoch 20. storočia. Sleduje motívy migrácie a jej jednotlivé fázy, pričom obsahuje i štatistické údaje o migrantoch v danom období. Pozornosť taktiež venuje samotnému priebehu cesty do Ameriky a popisu konkrétnych cieľových miest, do ktorých vysťahovalci smerovali zväčša za účelom zárobku, či už natrvalo alebo s úmyslom vrátiť sa neskôr do pôvodnej vlasti. Súčasťou štúdie je i tabuľka emigrantov zo sledovanej oblasti, ktorá vychádza z údajov databázy imigračného strediska Ellis Island.
One of the most important chapters in the history of Kysuce is the period when emigration to the USA was very frequent. This was caused by many factors, mostly unsuitable conditions in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. This paper deal particularly with emigration from the region of the Bystrica valley at the end of the 19th and in the first years of the 20th century. It stuedies the motives for migration and its individual phases, while also working with course of the journey to America and describes the specific target destinations, permanently or with the intentio to return to their homeland. The table listing emigrants from this region is also part of this study - based on data from the Ellis Island immigration centre database.

Guillaume Lebaudy / Toute la vallée-La vie en Ubaye (revue, Sabença de la valeia) Jean Solda, berger, léger de tout bagage La routo, l'itinéraire de randonnée pédestre reliant Arles à Borgo San Dalmasso, traversera bientôt la vallée de l'Ubaye. Lorsque, tout jeune ethnologue, je faisais l'enquête de terrain qui a débouché sur la première exposition de l'écomusée du pastoralisme de Pontebernardo (et sa publication La routo, sur les chemins de la transhumance entre les Alpes et la mer) j'ai écouté, cheminé et travaillé avec une génération de pastres qui avaient connu la grande époque de la transhumance à pied. L'un d'entre eux m'a particulièrement marqué : Jean Solda. Appelle-moi simplement berger ! Plusieurs d'entre eux ont été des maîtres. Pas seulement maîtres en savoirs pastoraux ; maîtres en humanité aussi, dont les enseignements ont été précieux tant pour leurs pairs bergers que pour l'ethnologue qui venait passer quelques journées avec eux.

. They each have different environmental requirements and are limited to northern India. R. spinosissima itself does not occur naturally in the Himalayas or south of them elsewhere in India but there seems to be no reason why it should not succeed as a cultivated plant in those parts of India where the climatic conditions allow some related species (e.g. R. sericea) to be grown successfully.

Die Chronik entstand aus dem Projekt "Ortschronik Wolfau. Wir arbeiten unsere Ortsgeschichte auf", das zwischen 2007 und 2012 von der Marktgemeinde Wolfau durchgeführt wurde. - Es wurde versucht, eine Brücke von science to public zu schlagen, ohne deswegen jeglichen wissenschaftlichen Anspruch aufgeben zu müssen.

Starting in the late-nineteenth century, Polish national elites considered emigration a ‘necessary evil’ that alleviated local economic pressures. In the face of an exodus from all of the partitions, leaders of many political persuasions worked to channel the emigration of peasants towards destinations such as Paraná, where a ‘New Poland’ could be built. In the 1920s, the emerging inter-war Polish state created a sprawling emigration apparatus that adjusted the old policies to the new circumstances. This article traces the consecutive turns in the Polish government’s attitude towards emigration to South America, demonstrating the ways in which they mirrored broader European discourses and responded to systemic changes around the globe. Moreover, in line with the recent scholarship that points to the legacies of empire in inter-war Eastern Europe, the article also examines the relationship between the post-imperial nature of the nascent Polish state and its ‘colonial’ emigration policies.

Данная статья посвящена проблемам преступности среди российских эмигрантов в Шанхаt в 1917—1922 гг. Источники показывают, что и до проникновения профессиональных преступников в Шанхай из Харбина и СССР процент преступности у эмигрантов в Шанхае были высоким. И довольно большой частью из преступлений был серьезные случаи в виде коллективной кражи драгоценностей и товаров больших торговых центров, а также в виде контрабанды опиума.

Les études traitant des immigrés tentent le plus souvent d’établir un bilan de leurs relations avec leur pays d’origine ou de mesurer leur degré d’intégration dans la société hôte. Le cas des immigrés Syro- Libanais propose cependant un troisième axe d’étude : celui des relations des immigrés avec le pays mandaté sur leur Mère Patrie.
Cet essai se concentre sur l’immatriculation menée par la France dans le cadre de son devoir d’autorité mandataire. Ensuite, il abordera les relations France/Syro-Libanais du Brésil dans la deuxième décennie du XXème siècle qui s’avéra celui des montées nationalistes et la close des empires coloniaux.

"An article summary: The Ukrainian Scientific Institute in Berlin in the light of Polish historiography and archival materials.

The Ukrainian Scientific Institute in Berlin was found on 10 November 1926 as a result of Ukrainian emigration environment efforts assembled by hetman Skoropadski. Those efforts were supported by German authorities mainly officers with high status in the German army (Reichswehr). This institute worked until the end of II World War. It wasn’t a school institute, it didn’t carry any course lectures, any exams and any diplomas. The main reason for its activity was dissemination of scientific material about Ukraine and its scientific connection with  West European science and culture. They wanted German elite to realise the importance and extensiveness of Ukrainian problem but Ukrainian emigration to integrate and live in the surrounding of patriotism. The other reason was talented emigrants supporting by giving them scholarships. The institute consisted of five departments: Ukrainian history, Ukrainian history of art, Ukrainian history of philosophy, economy and ethnography. Its activity was carried by four main spheres: lectures for students, talks and exhibitions for the general public, publishing trade and care of scholarship holders. The activity of the Ukrainian Scientific Institute wasn’t widely known in Polish historical literature. A large amount of materials about this place is found in  the Archive of New Records in Warsaw which  was the base of this article. elaboration."

This book offers one of the first empirical studies of change in Irish English in the period 1700-1900, during which Ireland became overwhelmingly English-speaking. Using data from a corpus of emigrant letters, the aim of the book is to fully exploit available written evidence for earlier Irish English in order to empirically trace the use of various linguistic features in different historical contexts and over time. The studies presented in the book are based on the analysis of data contained in CORIECOR, the Corpus of Irish English Correspondence, which provides larger amounts of more vernacular data from a longer timespan than hitherto possible. The book analyses features that to date have remained neglected in the literature on Irish English and it discusses how the survival of the pragmatic mode has resulted in the preservation of certain Irish English features. The volume deals, for example, with discourse-pragmatic markers such as sure, so, like and anyway/anyhow, deictic forms such as adverbials (here, there, this, and that) and pronominal forms (with a focus on we), and embedded inversion. The value of this type of material for linguistic analysis is highlighted throughout the volume.

The book focuses on Irish English, an important contributor to many overseas varieties of English.

Readers will receive a thorough study of historical Irish English data derived from corpus-analytic approaches. They will be able to use it for independent study or as part of taught classes. The book will appeal to academics and postgraduate students working in the areas of Varieties of English, English as a World language, English as an International Language, Dialectology, English Language history, Corpus Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis, etc. Historians (particularly those interested in Irish Studies, Emigration, Family History, New World history etc.) will also find valuable material in the book.

A book of this type will also be useful in third level education teaching, as part of complementary reading lists in modules related to Varieties of English around the World, History of English, Irish History (and Irish Studies) and History of Migration. Irish secondary school teachers should also find it interesting as a complement to their teaching of Irish History.

En los años 60, dos millones de españoles salieron de su país impulsados por el atraso económico y el paro que ahogaban a la España franquista. Sus destinos en Europa fueron Alemania, Suiza, Francia, Holanda, Gran Bretaña y Bélgica. Los países del norte de Europa, industrializados y con una población insuficiente, pactaron con los estados del sur, agrarios y con una alta natalidad, contratos de trabajo para cubrir sus necesidades laborales en lo que se llamó emigración asistida. Aún así, un gran volumen de emigrantes fueron clandestinos o sin papeles.

En este estudio se analizan con profundidad las causas, componentes y consecuencias del destacado fenómeno migratorio protagonizado, en la década de 1960, por aquellos españoles que se fueron a la República Federal Alemana para unos meses y que, en muchos casos, se quedaron hasta cuarenta años para trabajar como mano de obra barata en el mundo industrial europeo de posguerra. Además, se examina su proceso de retorno a España en el marco de la crisis económica mundial de 1973 (crisis del petróleo) así como la reanudación, desde 2008, del flujo migratorio hacia Alemania en otro contexto de depresión económica global (crisis financiera).

Dlaczego w Brazylii jest lepiej niż w Polsce,
ale prawdziwie wolny kraj to Ameryka? Dziewiętnastowieczna
korespondencja emigrantów. Rec.: "Listy emigrantów z Brazylii i Stanów Zjednoczonych 1890–1891", do druku podali, wstępem opatrzyli W. Kula, N. Assorodobraj-Kula i M. Kula, Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego: Instytut Studiów Iberyjskich i Iberoamerykańskich UW, Warszawa 2012

A fascist model of emigration in Argentina. Thus was born Villa Regina, in the Upper Valley of the Rio Negro.
Transplantation of families of Italian workers in a quenched and uininhabited territory in the Upper Valley of Rio Negro, with the foundation in 1924 in Colonia Regina de Alvear, now Villa Regina, took place on the basis of a political decision in Italy funded with public capital because of the will of Benito Mussolini. The Duce of Fascism, in fact, intervened in order to facilitate the operation because of the urgency of his friend and confidant Ottavio Dinale, delegate of the National Fascist Party in South America. The foundation of Villa Regina, the first Italian case of artificial colonization, however, was the
result of a convergence of interests between Dinale, who developed several hypotheses for the settlement of Italian immigrants abroad, and the engineer Filippo Bonoli, author of the project in the Rio Negro, and afterwards promoter of the Italian-Argentinian Company of Colonization.
The author, after having outlined the theoretical framework on migration policies and practices of fascism, on the basis of a work of empirical research conducted in Italy and Argentina and the use of original sources including documentation unexplored until now by historians of Italian emigration, has reconstructed the unknown aspects
of a case considered a fascist model of migration, aspects that indicate Villa Regina as the first of the so-called «Cities of the Duce».

Resúmen
El trasplante de familias de trabajadores italianos a un territorio templado y deshabitado en el Alto Valle de Río Negro, con la fundación en 1924 de Colonia Regina de Alvear, ahora Villa Regina, se llevó a cabo sobre la base de un proyecto decidido y financiado en Italia con capitales públicos y por voluntad de Benito Mussolini. De hecho, el Duce del fascismo intervino para facilitar la operación, ante la insistencia de su amigo y confidente Ottavio Dinale, delegado del Partido Nacional Fascista en América del Sur. Sin embargo, la fundación de Villa Regina, primer caso italiano de colonización artificial, fue el resultado de la convergencia de intereses entre Dinale, que desarrolló varias hipótesis de asentamientos de inmigrantes italianos, y el ingeniero Filippo Bonoli, autor del proyecto en Río Negro y, a sucesivamente, promotor de la Compaña Italo-Argentina de Colonización (CIAC).
El autor, después de haber descrito el marco teórico y bibliográfico de las políticas y de las prácticas migratorias del fascismo, en base a un trabajo de investigación empírica realizado en Italia y Argentina, a través de fuentes originales, incluyendo la utilización de fondos documentales hasta el momento inexplorados por los historiadores de la inmigración italiana, ha reconstruido los aspectos desconocidos de un caso considerado como un modelo fascista de migración, aspectos que enmarcan Villa Regina como la primera de las denominadas «Ciudades del Duce».
2
Un modello fascista di emigrazione italiana in Argentina. Così nacque Villa Regina (Alta Valle del Rio Negro)
Il trapianto di famiglie di lavoratori italiani in un territorio bonificato e disabitato nell’Alta Valle del Rio Negro, con la fondazione nel 1924 di Colonia Regina de Alvear, oggi Villa Regina, avvenne sulla base di un progetto deciso e finanziato in Italia con capitale pubblico e per volontà di Benito Mussolini. Il Duce del fascismo, infatti, intervenne
direttamente per facilitare l'operazione su sollecitazione del suo amico e confidente Ottavio Dinale, delegato del Partito Nazionale Fascista in Sud America. La fondazione Villa Regina, primo caso italiano di colonizzazione artificiale, fu tuttavia il risultato della convergenza di
interessi tra Dinale, che elaborò diverse ipotesi di insediamento di emigrati italiani, e l’ingegnere Filippo Bonoli, autore del progetto nel Rio Negro e poi promotore della Compagnia Italo-Argentina di Colonizzazione (CIAC). L’autore, dopo avere ha delineato il quadro teorico sulle politiche e sulle pratiche migratorie del fascismo, sulla
base di un lavoro di ricerca empirica in Italia e in Argentina e l’utilizzo di fonti originali tra cui una documentazione finora inesplorata dagli storici dell’emigrazione italiana, ha ricostruito aspetti sconosciuti di una vicenda considerata un modello fascista di emigrazione, aspetti che indicano Villa Regina come la prima delle cosiddette “Città. del Duce”.

W polskim dyskursie o emigracji wychodźstwo osadnicze nie zajmuje należytego miejsca. Uwaga badaczy koncentruje się głównie na emigracji zarobkowej oraz politycznej. Szczególnie ta ostatnia jest gloryfikowana, gdyż wpisuje się w martyrologiczną wizję dziejów Polski. Ponadto była ona udziałem głównie szlachty (później ziemiaństwa i arystokracji) i osób z tych środowisk się wywodzących. Tymczasem emigracja zarobkowa i osadnicza objęła głównie niższe warstwy społeczne. Najliczniejszą grupą społeczną tej emigracji byli chłopi. W poniższej książce koncentrujemy się na specyfice polskiej emigracji osadniczej do krajów Ameryki Łacińskiej. Nadal obowiązuje bowiem w społeczeństwie polskim wiele mitów z nią związanych. Jeden z nich głosi, że ze względu na chłopski rodowód imigracji, polska diaspora w tych kraju dysponowała niewielkim potencjałem twórczym i intelektualnym. Dorobek ten jednak – co prawda rozproszony po znacznych obszarach czasu i przestrzeni – jest całkiem spory, zarówno w sensie znaczenia, jak i rozmiarów.

In quest'ultimo decennio le ricerche sul movimento migratorio friulano tra le due guerre si sono moltiplicate. Le indagini, condotte in Friuli e all'estero, hanno permesso di gettare nuova luce sulle modalità di espatrio, le mete di destinazione, lo stretto intreccio tra dimensione economica e politica, i progetti migratori individuali e familiari 1 . Più frammentaria ed arretrata si rivela invece l'indagine relativa alle migrazioni organizzate dal regime fascista e più ancora a quelle interne che in questo periodo assunsero dimensioni rilevanti. Il quadro, ad ogni modo, comincia ad apparire nella sua interezza, sollecitando nuovi interrogativi. Il presente articolo si propone di evidenziare gli elementi di novità che caratterizzano i flussi migratori interbellici e il loro ruolo nella modernizzazione sociale della provincia friulana, evidenziandone i caratteri e le rappresentazioni; a questo scopo vengono utilizzate la stampa cattolica, i libri storici parrocchiali e le visite pastorali della Diocesi di Udine degli anni 1929-1933, fonti che, in maniera diversa, offrono una sorta di «termometro» del mutamento sociale a livello locale e compensano in parte la parzialità della documentazione di provenienza fascista 2 . Indagare l'azione della chiesa p.89 udinese risulta quanto mai interessante, dal momento che quest'ultima -con la sua rete di parrocchie, circoli e congregazioni -rimase in una posizione privilegiata rispetto al fenomeno migratorio, mentre il movimento socialista fu represso con la violenza ed il regime mantenne nei confronti degli emigranti un approccio essenzialmente poliziesco. Le considerazioni sviluppate in questa sede non possono che ritenersi provvisorie, in attesa di nuove ricerche che esplorino esperienze e memorie di donne e uomini protagonisti dell'intensa mobilità interbellica.

This study uses the UNDP/UNICEF Social Exclusion Survey in Macedonia and Serbia and focus on the questions of (i) why are there sometimes no differences in emigration intentions between unemployed and employed groups, and (ii) why many gainfully employed individuals still intend to migrate to another country for employment. This research differs from the majority of studies, which do not distinguish between various types of jobs and variation in emigration intentions stemming from employment stratification. Employment sectors and individuals’ occupations have been taken as the main forms of job segregation, but since the 1990s some scholars have claimed that traditional labour market stratification is losing its relevance. We contribute to the migration literature by testing the “individualization hypothesis” – that specific characteristics of employees serve as better covariates of emigration intentions than “umbrella” concepts of industry and social class. Our findings suggest that emigration intentions among employed individuals are more likely to be affected by the type of contract and job security than by standard job-related variables such as sector and occupation of employment.

This paper was written in 2014 for the topic HIST3001: Destination Australia: Migration since 1900 at Flinders University.
The paper explores the history of the Greek Ikarian islander community of South Australia, and the formation of the Pan-Ikarian Brotherhood of SA as a result of Ikarian migration. The essay won the 2014 Wakefield Companion to SA History Undergraduate Essay Prize.

Vita, by Melania Mazzucco Vita could turn an illusion into reality. She didn't like her world, so she made up another one. Maybe this world is not made viable by the people who try and change it, as he believed he was doing, but by people like her, who make you dream.

Comparative analysis of two complex social processes such as the wars in Croatia and Ukraine requires a certain degree of simplification, which should be taken into account in this study. Before analysing wartime events, the paper will attempt to point to certain similarities in the social development of the two nations.