Elicitation techniques Research Papers

In this article, I explore the conditions of ethnographic knowledge production, with a focus on 'full participation', i.e. an unrestricted affective and relational commitment on the part of the ethnographer doing fieldwork. The very... more

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- by Arnaud Halloy
- •
- 8
  Emotion, Ethnography, Empathy (Psychology), Reflexivity

Metal fabrication is a complex process, and it includes an extensive range of different techniques.

The opportunities for dialogic and interactive teacher learning through the use of digital video recordings of classroom practice is a growing area of research interest. While several studies have identified developmental and reflective... more

— Requirements need to be managed in order to ensure their consistency, integration and correctness. Further, it is important to conduct requirements validation to produce quality requirements with respect to their correctness,... more

Thabuy Agnès et Maurel Maryse, 2014, Rassemblement de textes parus dans la revue Expliciter sur le questionnement de très jeunes enfants.

In this article I focus on the role of corrective feedback in fluency activities in second language acquisition research (SLA) compared to commonly adopted teaching methodology. The role of corrective feedback has changed significantly in... more

Are the acts of teaching and elicitation complementary? The Western practices of teaching, and so of English Language Teaching (ELT), come out of the Greek ideas of Socratic dialogue: teachers and students ask and answer questions in... more

Abstract: This article, written for the Polygraph Journal, is a condensed compilation of a germinal study that provided current successful methods for obtaining confessions during interrogations. The foundation of the study derived... more

A problem for evaluators is that what people ‘say’ is often, but not always, different from what they ‘do.’ Most thinking, knowledge, behaviour, decisions are automatic, quick and have the characteristics of intuition, little or no effort... more

A problem for evaluators is that what people ‘say’ is often, but not always, different from what they ‘do.’ Most thinking, knowledge, behaviour, decisions are automatic, quick and have the characteristics of intuition, little or no effort and no voluntary control (Kahneman 2011b). Our everyday behaviours and thinking are largely based on implicit knowledge consisting of mental representations, or ‘schema’; cognitive knowledge about whatever we are thinking about or acting towards. The schemas are triggered by association and are further elaborated by association. As a result active schemas are internally coherent and semantically consistent (Graesser, Gernsbacher, and Goldman 1997). Schemas allow us to act without consciously thinking about what we will do or how: we simply ‘do,’ ‘know’ and ‘understand.’

A consequence of our reliance on implicit knowledge is that what people ‘say about’ phenomena does not always reflect what they ‘do.’ Elicitation techniques are increasingly being used in research and evaluation to get beyond what people say, apparently by tapping into the implicit cognitive understandings. Elicitation techniques are being used in social research, educational research, market research and evaluation. However, users of elicitation techniques need to understand the limits on the validity of such techniques and how to improve their effectiveness. Understanding the cognitive processes that mediate responses such cognitive processes can help improve the way evaluators obtain data.

This thesis aims to improve our understanding of how to use projective or elicitation techniques validly in evaluation and research interviews. The majority of the thesis reviews the literature across several domains and disciplines to explore the cognitive processes that underlie people’s responses to elicitation techniques. The domains and disciplines include cognitive psychology, neurophysiology, phenomenological sociology, evaluation and social research (quantitative and qualitative), educational research and market research. A small pilot study was also conducted to test the concept that elicitation techniques reveal a schema and to identify areas for further research.

For the pilot study eight participants were each engaged in a single interview with two parts: an initial interview using ‘Thematic Apperception Testing’ (TAT) technique (Boddy 2008): and a debrief interview where verbal protocols (Sudman, Bradburn, and Schwarz 1996) were used to explore the cognitive processes used in the initial interview. The pilot study showed that TAT may elicit information that has the characteristics of implicit knowledge and appears to be based on schemas.

There are two cautions to be considered. Breivik and Supphellen (2003) report that in market research, different techniques elicit different product attribute sets. Their finding suggests that different techniques may elicit different schemas. It follows, that the schema elicited by a technique may not contain the knowledge activated in the situation being investigated.

Second, Jenkins et al.(2010) point out that an individual’s implicit knowledge about other objects or people is not evidence about phenomena external to the participant. At best it reveals some of the perspectives and understandings of the individual towards such objects and people. Those understandings may influence the individual’s behaviour towards those objects (Haire 1950) but they are not determinant of behaviour (Bourdieu 1977).

Evaluation and research practitioners should treat all self-reported data as reports of the participant’s understandings and recognise that each report is contingent on the context in which the data were collected. Individuals can and do have a repertoire of understandings, a ‘stock of knowledge’ (Berger and Luckmann 1966), and will use different understandings in different contexts. We cannot then assume that any understanding reported in an interview will necessarily be applied in the situation being investigated.

Sensory experiences are often considered triggers of memory, most famously a little French cake dipped in lime blossom tea. Sense memory can also be evoked in public history research through techniques of elicitation. In this article I... more

Este artículo trata de los testimonios de los detectives policiales ocho en servicio activo, reconocidos como objeto-expertos, de las regiones del noreste y noroeste de los Estados Unidos. Se pidió a estos Objeto-expertos para confirmar y... more

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- by Dr. Craig T . Johnson
- •
- 7
  Sociology, Security, Interviewing, Police Interrogation

Elicitation methods have been explored extensively in social science research, and in business contexts, to uncover unarticulated informant knowledge. This qualitative study investigates the use of an audiovisual elicitation interviewing... more

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- by Nic Flatt
- •
- 8
  Social Entrepreneurship, Creativity, Business Management, Video Production

There is a long tradition in oral language examinations of employing structured interviews with pre-scripted, fixed examiner contributions. This chapter examines an alternative format, the semi-structured interview, in which examiners... more

The domain of the human body is an ideal focus for semantic typology, since the body is a physical universal and all languages have terms referring to its parts. Previous research on body part terms has depended on secondary sources (e.g.... more

This paper results from a panel presentation. Its premise is that dance narratives are constitutive of the process of dance knowledge construction, that is, of understanding dance. It addresses more specifically the relation between... more

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- by Georgiana Gore
- •
- 5
  Dance Studies, Narrative, Anthropology Of Dance, Interviews

The International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications (IJSEA) is a bi-monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Software Engineering & Applications. The... more

Eliciting accurate requirements for the development of clinical software is critically important as a slight error to the requirements could be harmful to patients and result in resistance to usage of the software. Although it is crucial... more

Being and Becoming: A Photographic Inquiry with Bahá’í men into Cultures of Peace is doctoral research that asks how Bahá’í men know, experience and perform their own masculinities as told through their stories and photographs. Within the... more

Being and Becoming: A Photographic Inquiry with Bahá’í men into Cultures of Peace is doctoral research that asks how Bahá’í men know, experience and perform their own masculinities as told through their stories and photographs. Within the spiritual context of the Bahá’í sacred tenet of equality of the sexes it sought new knowledge about how participants negotiate and transform their masculinities to facilitate rather than thwart the building of cultures of peace. Using photographic, art-based methods it asked: What is it to be a man today and attempt to construct a new understanding of masculinity? How is this process evident in practice? What are the stories of resistance and/or negotiation with negative cultural norms of masculinity? The study is upheld by three theoretical guy-wires: Bourdieu’s habitus, the Magic Mirror of visual introspection through photography, and Sacred Relationship a core Bahá'í and Indigenous lens into power, equality and accountability to all our relations. The study used PhotoSophia (a new photo- elicitation method), with a bundle of six methodological practices incorporating arts-based visual methods: Interview, PhotoSophia, group study and discussion, inscription, Photovoice and public exhibit. These methods were designed to seek deep reflection into masculine identity formation. The study concluded with a public exhibit of the photographs and inscriptions created by the researcher and participants opening the process to outside input through anonymous questionnaires. Findings include the agency the self-reflective PhotoSophia method itself as illumination into the shadows of masculinity. Primary findings are: willing vulnerability as a form of moral courage; ambiguity as a state of learning and resisting; the need for examples, a standard for a new masculinity; authenticity to be one’s true self in alignment with the Creator, and all our relations, and finally practicing sacred spiritual relationships in shoulder to shoulder service with women and others. This study has both methodological and theoretical significance to Peace and Conflict Studies (PACS) theory by providing new knowledge about the masculine qualities that best facilitate the building of cultures of peace, equality and human oneness. Access dissertation here: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/34847

The second half of the 20th century was the dawn of information technology; and we now live in the digital age. Experimental studies of prosody develop at a fast pace, in the context of an "explosion of evidence" (Janet Pierrehumbert,... more

Being and Becoming: A Photographic Inquiry with Bahá’í men into Cultures of Peace is doctoral research that asks how Bahá’í men know, experience and perform their own masculinities as told through their stories and photographs. Within the... more

Being and Becoming: A Photographic Inquiry with Bahá’í men into Cultures of Peace is doctoral research that asks how Bahá’í men know, experience and perform their own masculinities as told through their stories and photographs. Within the spiritual context of the Bahá’í sacred tenet of equality of the sexes it sought new knowledge about how participants negotiate and transform their masculinities to facilitate rather than thwart the building of cultures of peace. Using photographic, art-based methods it asked: What is it to be a man today and attempt to construct a new understanding of masculinity? How is this process evident in practice? What are the stories of resistance and/or negotiation with negative cultural norms of masculinity? The study is upheld by three theoretical guy-wires: Bourdieu’s habitus, the Magic Mirror of visual introspection through photography, and Sacred Relationship a core Bahá&#39;í and Indigenous lens into power, equality and accountability to all our relations. The study used PhotoSophia (a new photo- elicitation method), with a bundle of six methodological practices incorporating arts-based visual methods: Interview, PhotoSophia, group study and discussion, inscription, Photovoice and public exhibit. These methods were designed to seek deep reflection into masculine identity formation. The study concluded with a public exhibit of the photographs and inscriptions created by the researcher and participants opening the process to outside input through anonymous questionnaires. Findings include the agency the self-reflective PhotoSophia method itself as illumination into the shadows of masculinity. Primary findings are: willing vulnerability as a form of moral courage; ambiguity as a state of learning and resisting; the need for examples, a standard for a new masculinity; authenticity to be one’s true self in alignment with the Creator, and all our relations, and finally practicing sacred spiritual relationships in shoulder to shoulder service with women and others. This study has both methodological and theoretical significance to Peace and Conflict Studies (PACS) theory by providing new knowledge about the masculine qualities that best facilitate the building of cultures of peace, equality and human oneness. Access dissertation here: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/34847

Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman herba penghasil metabolit sekunder yang sering digunakan pada industri makanan karena kandungan senyawa fenoliknya cukup tinggi. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kandungan... more

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- by Marcelino P Perdana and +1
  Nadzifa Rahma Alifia
- •
- 13
  Bioengineering, Mathematical Modelling, Matlab, Plant Secondary Metabolites

Boosting of plant immunity to improve its resistance to pathogens is a promising approach to increase crop capacity and reduce pesticide press on the environment. A typical scenario of such approach is based on the use of elicitors able... more

Boosting of plant immunity to improve its resistance to pathogens is a promising approach to increase crop capacity and reduce pesticide press on the environment. A typical scenario of such approach is based on the use of elicitors able to activate key plant defense mechanisms. MF3, a highly thermostable FKBP-type peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase from Pseudomonas fluorescens, has a proved eliciting activity regarding various crops. However, for field application, this enzyme should be protected against degrading action of sunlight, as well as plant and microbial proteinases. In this study we examined a possibility to encapsulate MF3 using biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and evaluated the efficacy of the resulted MF3 shielding against UV radiation and enzymatic proteolysis, as well as the resistance-eliciting activity of the encapsulated protein. PHB-based microparticles loaded with MF3 in a complex with low-molecular chitosan and 500-kDa dextran were obtained using a Solid/Oil/Water technique followed with a spray drying and freeze frying. The resulting microparticles consisted of PHB (80%), chitosan (4%), dextran (6%), and MF3 (10%) and had a size of 10-25 μm. The effective loading capacity was ~10%; in vitro kinetic study showed that 89% of the total loaded protein was released within the first 24 h, while the rest of the protein slowly released within next 12 days. A comparison of the resistance-eliciting activity of free and encapsulated MF3 was carried out using two model " plant-pathogen " systems, tobacco/tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tobacco/Alternaria longipes. In both models, activity of encapsulated MF3 was similar to that of free MF3 of the same concentration and resulted in the reduction of infection level by 30.3–36.8% for A. longipes and 66.8–68.4% for TMV. In vitro assessment of the effect of UV irradiation and proteinase K treatment on the activity of free and encapsulated MF3 showed a clear shielding effect of PHB. Even after 8 h of UV treatment, when free MF3 completely lost its resistance-eliciting activity, encapsulated MF3 still provided almost 50% suppression of TMV infection. Treatment with proteinase K (20 and 100 μg/mL) resulted in significant loss of free MF3 protecting efficiency (22.9 and 35.5%, respectively), while for encapsulated MF3 this loss made only 2.6 and 12.2%, respectively. These results confirmed the encapsulation procedure did not impair the protective activity of MF3, while provided a successful release of this protein from the complex and its delivery to putative receptors of plant cells. The study has shown a principal possibility to produce PHB-based MF3 preparations characterized by improved resistance of their bioactive component to adverse biotic and abiotic factors and possessed a significant protective activity in relation to the tested plant pathogens. The further improvement of the encapsulation technology and the characterization of encapsulated MF3 using other model systems and whole plants are planned.

There have been numerous requests for information about this topic. The techniques shared with the author on these principles derived from practices and methodologies successfully used by active-duty personnel security and law enforcement... more

Requirement Elicitation is an important process in Requirement Engineering, an important stage in the early part of IT Project Management. In Requirement Elicitation the analyst would collect the client requirements which are then... more

In this article, we discuss the methodology of elicitation experiments designed by in order to elicitate non-contrastive narrow focus on subjects in Spanish. Taking into account recent semantic-pragmatic work concerning the interplay... more

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- by Melanie Uth
- •
- 5
  Spanish Linguistics, Information Structure, Word order, Spanish Syntax

Background UK general practice faces a workforce crisis, with general practitioner (GP) shortages, organisational change, substantial pressures across the whole health-care system and an ageing population with increasingly complex health... more

Background
UK general practice faces a workforce crisis, with general practitioner (GP) shortages, organisational change, substantial pressures across the whole health-care system and an ageing population with increasingly complex health needs. GPs require lengthy training, so retaining the existing workforce is urgent and important.

Objectives
(1) To identify the key policies and strategies that might (i) facilitate the retention of experienced GPs in direct patient care or (ii) support the return of GPs following a career break. (2) To consider the feasibility of potentially implementing those policies and strategies.

Design
This was a comprehensive, mixed-methods study.

Setting
This study took place in primary care in England.

Participants
General practitioners registered in south-west England were surveyed. Interviews were with purposively selected GPs and primary care stakeholders. A RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method (RAM) panel comprised GP partners and GPs working in national stakeholder organisations. Stakeholder consultations included representatives from regional and national groups.

Main outcome measures
Systematic review – factors affecting GPs’ decisions to quit and to take career breaks. Survey – proportion of GPs likely to quit, to take career breaks or to reduce hours spent in patient care within 5 years of being surveyed. Interviews – themes relating to GPs’ decision-making. RAM – a set of policies and strategies to support retention, assessed as ‘appropriate’ and ‘feasible’. Predictive risk modelling – predictive model to identify practices in south-west England at risk of workforce undersupply within 5 years. Stakeholder consultation – comments and key actions regarding implementing emergent policies and strategies from the research.

Results
Past research identified four job-related ‘push’ factors associated with leaving general practice: (1) workload, (2) job dissatisfaction, (3) work-related stress and (4) work–life balance. The survey, returned by 2248 out of 3370 GPs (67%) in the south-west of England, identified a high likelihood of quitting (37%), taking a career break (36%) or reducing hours (57%) within 5 years. Interviews highlighted three drivers of leaving general practice: (1) professional identity and value of the GP role, (2) fear and risk associated with service delivery and (3) career choices. The RAM panel deemed 24 out of 54 retention policies and strategies to be ‘appropriate’, with most also considered ‘feasible’, including identification of and targeted support for practices ‘at risk’ of workforce undersupply and the provision of formal career options for GPs wishing to undertake portfolio roles. Practices at highest risk of workforce undersupply within 5 years are those that have larger patient list sizes, employ more nurses, serve more deprived and younger populations, or have poor patient experience ratings. Actions for national organisations with an interest in workforce planning were identified. These included collection of data on the current scope of GPs’ portfolio roles, and the need for formal career pathways for key primary care professionals, such as practice managers.

Limitations
The survey, qualitative research and modelling were conducted in one UK region. The research took place within a rapidly changing policy environment, providing a challenge in informing emergent policy and practice.

Conclusions
This research identifies the basis for current concerns regarding UK GP workforce capacity, drawing on experiences in south-west England. Policies and strategies identified by expert stakeholders after considering these findings are likely to be of relevance in addressing GP retention in the UK. Collaborative, multidisciplinary research partnerships should investigate the effects of rolling out some of the policies and strategies described in this report.

Study registration
This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016033876 and UKCRN ID number 20700.

Funding
The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

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- by Grant Fitzner and +1
  Rupatharshini Chilvers
- •
- 12
  Primary Care, General Practice, Mixed Methods, Delphi Methodology

Technique selection is one of the frequent issues in the requirement elicitation process; this issue has a major impact on the final requirement report output. The inappropriate selection of the techniques could lead to improper... more

This paper proposes a new approach for collecting lexical and grammatical data: one that meets the need to control the features to be elicited, while ensuring a fair level of idiomaticity. The method, called conversational questionnaires,... more

This paper proposes a new approach for collecting lexical and grammatical data: one that meets the need to control the features to be elicited, while ensuring a fair level of idiomaticity. The method, called conversational questionnaires, consists in eliciting speech not at the level of words or of isolated sentences, but in the form of a chunk of dialogue. Ahead of fieldwork, a number of scripted conversations are written in the area’s lingua franca, each anchored in a plausible real-world situation – whether universal or culture-specific. Native speakers are then asked to come up with the most naturalistic utterances that would occur in each context, resulting in a plausible conversation in the target language. Experience shows that conversational questionnaires provide a number of advantages in linguistic fieldwork, compared to traditional elicitation methods. The anchoring in real-life situations lightens the cognitive burden on consultants, making the fieldwork experience easier for all. The method enables efficient coverage of various linguistic structures at once, from phonetic to pragmatic dimensions, from morphosyntax to phraseology. The tight-knit structure of each dialogue makes it an effective tool for cross-linguistic comparison, whether areal, historical or typological. Conversational questionnaires help the linguist make quick progress in language proficiency, which in turn facilitates further stages of data collection. Finally, these stories can serve as learning resources for language teaching and revitalization. Five dialogue samples are provided here as examples of such questionnaires. Every linguist is encouraged to write their own dialogues, adapted to a region’s linguistic and cultural profile. Ideally, a set of such texts could be developed and made standard among linguists, so as to create comparable or parallel corpora across languages – a mine of data for typological comparison.

François, Alexandre. 2019. A proposal for conversational questionnaires. In Aimée Lahaussois & Marine Vuillermet (eds.), Methodological Tools for Linguistic Description and Typology. Special issue of Language Documentation & Conservation 16, 155-196.

We describe a structured task for gathering enriched language data for descriptive, comparative, and documentary purposes, focusing on the domain of social cognition. The task involves collaborative narrative problem-solving and retelling... more

Traditional data collection methods in dialectology and variationist sociolinguistics have difficulty in gathering sufficient quantities of data from a sufficient range of localities to map variation and study patterns of historical... more

Traditional data collection methods in dialectology and variationist sociolinguistics have difficulty in gathering sufficient quantities of data from a sufficient range of localities to map variation and study patterns of historical change at a national scale. Dialectological surveys typically sample few informants per locality; sociolinguistic interview corpora typically sample a relatively low number of localities. By contrast, online surveys, whether browser-based or in the form of smartphone apps, allow researchers to gather much larger quantities of data very quickly. Such methods also typically achieve very different samples of the population than traditional methods.
We present results from data collected through such a smartphone app, the ‘English Dialects App’ (EDA) (Leemann, Kolly & Britain 2017). By asking users to self-report which variants they use in casual speech, we have collected data for 26 variables from over 40k speakers in the UK. Since 25 of these variables were also examined in the Survey of English Dialects (SED) (Orton & Dieth 1962), comparison of the EDA and SED datasets may be able to throw a light on patterns of dialect change in England over the past century. There are substantial differences between these two datasets, especially in certain regions. For example, most SED respondents in the south-west of England and along the south coast exhibited rhoticity, whereas in the EDA rhoticity has become a minority variant throughout this region. In this paper, we will investigate aggregate linguistic difference between the SED and the EDA across all 25 variables and try to disambiguate possible interpretations of these differences. In principle, linguistic difference between the two datasets could be the result of:
• a difference in the sample populations of the two surveys;
• a difference in the data collection methods used by the two surveys;
• historically typical dialect change via isogloss movement;
• or historically atypical dialect levelling, irrespective of the positions of isoglosses.
We will examine predictions from each of these hypotheses to distinguish between them. For example, if differences between the SED and EDA do not reflect historical change but merely a difference in sample populations, we should see smaller linguistic differences in the demographic subset of the EDA that most closely resembles the SED. If differences are due to the discrepancy in data collection methods, they should apply equally in all locations. If differences are due to isogloss movement, we should see them concentrated along historical isogloss bundles.
The result of such tests is that linguistic differences between the SED and EDA cannot be attributed solely to the difference of methods or sample populations, but must at least to some extent reflect historical change. This change does not, for the most part, appear to be driven by isogloss movement, but nor is it strongly associated with the socially or geographically mobile populations expected to drive levelling.

References
Leemann, Adrian, Marie-José Kolly & David Britain. 2017. The English Dialects App: The creation of a crowdsourced dialect corpus. Ampersand. doi:10.1016/j.amper.2017.11.001. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2215039017300589 (27 November, 2017).
Orton, Harold & Eugen Dieth. 1962. Survey of English dialects. . 5 vols. Leeds: Published for the University of Leeds by E.J. Arnold.

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- by Jonathan Schlossberg and +2
  Jonathon Lum
  Thomas Poulton
- •
- 6
  Spatial cognition, Cognitive Linguistics, Fieldwork in linguistics, Spatial Language

Human behaviour knowledge is an important requirement for implementing realistic evacuation models. Although much work has been done in this field of research there are no universally accepted quantitative methods. In this paper we... more

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- by Brígida Faria and +2
  João Emílio Almeida
  João Jacob
- •
- 8
  Serious Games, Behavioral Decision Making, Wayfinding, Fire safety evacuation

In questo articolo si discutono alcune tecniche di elicitazione e se ne valuta l’adeguatezza per lo studio della variazione fonetica nei dialetti italiani. Le riflessioni teoriche sono ancorate all’analisi di uno specifico fenomeno... more

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- by Giovanni Abete
- •
- 3
  Spoken discourse, Diphthongization, Elicitation techniques

Terminologen har flera roller och i den här artikeln beskrivs, problematiseras och exemplifieras några av de mer psykologiskt orienterade: facilitatorn och elicitatorn och deras tillhörande processer facilitering och elicitering.... more

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- by Henrik Nilsson
- •
- 7
  Terminology, Concept analysis, Conceptual analysis, Facilitation

Purpose. In previous laboratory-based work, the Scharff technique has proved successful for gathering intelligence from human sources. However, little is known about whether the technique can be taught to practitioners, and whether... more

Exceptions in safety-critical systems must be addressed during conceptual design and risk analysis. We developed a conceptual model of exceptions, a methodology for eliciting and modeling exceptions, and templates for modeling them in an... more

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- by Judith Somekh and +1
  Dov Dori
- •
- 17
  Computational Biology, Conceptual Modelling, Biomedical informatics, Risk assessment

Laboratorio de Fonética Universidad del País Vasco. 2015. Esta es una colección de 6 vídeos tutoriales que pueden ser empleados como material educativo en los cursos de fonética en el ámbito universitario. Tratan principalmente del cómo... more

This paper presents an overview of the research that I have conducted as part of my PhD studies. The objective of this research is to describe and better understand how embodiment influences and augments an audience’s experience of data... more

The second half of the 20th century was the dawn of information technology; and we now live in the digital age. Experimental studies of prosody develop at a fast pace, in the context of an “explosion of evidence” (Janet Pierrehumbert,... more

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- by Alexis Michaud and +1
  Oliver Niebuhr
- •
- 6
  Experimental Phonetics, Spoken language, Data acquisition, Linguistic Elicitation

This paper describes how elicitation interview technique was used within a phenomenographic research design to explore physical education teachers' experiences of teaching games using a Game Based Approach (GBA). Participants taught in... more

Eliciting Flexible Goals or "soft goals", which are quality criteria according to language for modelling i-star requirements at different levels of abstraction, is not a trivial task, but the elicitation is extremely necessary for the... more

Eliciting Flexible Goals or "soft goals", which are quality criteria according to language for modelling i-star requirements at different levels of abstraction, is not a trivial task, but the elicitation is extremely necessary for the identification of requirements for a non-functional system. As the processes of elicitation are not fully delineated or are almost entirely ad-hoc, using an application based on knowledge
enabled solutions that made use of artificial intelligence facilitating the elicitation process. The TEKBS technique aimed at improving a sub activity, the Eri *c Method, that helped engineers with the requirements in the process of elicitation of Flexible Goals. To implement the TEKBS there were identified in the Expanded Definition Language (LAL) domain, application "soft actions" that were combined with the synonyms of the same extracted from the Wordnet thesaurus of the English language, generating a list of flexible candidate targets. These formed the basis of
facts related to the context of the problem, which was used by the inference machine CLIPS language, not only for the elicitation of explicit flexible goals, but also those that could be implied in the context of the problem. In addition, we created a matrix of influence of goals that used flexibility in its structure "flexible actions" and from them to check contributions. The results achieved through the application of the
TEKBS technique suggest that the use of artificial intelligence along with the partial automation of the Eri *c method adopted in this study to assist in the elicitation of the Flexible goals process, facilitating the process of learning, growth, separation, control and flexibility of the modelling process. Besides providing the most comprehensive engineering requirements, it also provides the possibility for better
requirements identified and easier verification of existing mutual influences between Flexible Goals. This is possible because the elicitation using TEKBS provides the engineering requirements of a greater number of targets that support flexibility in meeting the needs of those involved and still have the refinement of elicited requirements.

Introduction to Terrorism was a exciting and informative presentation that provided unique perspectives on the insights and profiles of terrorism groups methodologies for recruitment, psychologies, strategies and assessments, The speaker... more

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- by Dr. Craig T . Johnson
- •
- 13
  Sociology, Psychology, Terrorism, International Terrorism

This short note was prepared for Sanjit behavioural finance course. It summarises the most parametric and non-parametric methods used to elicit utility and probability weighting functions.

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- by Narges Hajimoladarvish
- •
- 2
  Utility, Elicitation techniques

We describe a structured task for gathering enriched language data for descriptive, comparative, and documentary purposes, focusing on the domain of social cognition. The task involves collaborative narrative problem-solving and retelling... more

Background UK general practice faces a workforce crisis, with general practitioner (GP) shortages, organisational change, substantial pressures across the whole health-care system and an ageing population with increasingly complex health... more

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- by ALEX AYLWARD
- •
- 13
  Primary Care, General Practice, Mixed Methods, Delphi Methodology

Elicitation techniques

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