Electro Magnetic

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. A shape-based statistical method to retrieve 2D TRUS-MR slice correspondence for prostate biopsy

In this paper an overview of finite element analysis for multi-magnet based DC electromagnetic levitation system has been presented. The proposed multi-magnet based single axis levitation scheme has been described. This paper reports ANSYS software based simulation of an electro magnetically levitated platform (vehicle structure) that uses three attraction type magnets fixed at the three corners of the platform. The magnet configurations chosen on the basis of required pole-face area and necessary window area to house the excitation coils. FEM based analysis has done to find out the flux pattern, working flux density, field intensity, force etc. for three actuators based levitation system at different condition. . The effect of different parameters like coil-current, no of turns of coil has been studied.

Electromagnetic levitated and guided system is commonly used in the field of people transport, tool machines frictionless bearing and conveyor system. In the case of low speed people transport vehicles, the electromagnetic levitation offers the advantage of a very salient motion and of a reduced maintenance of the rail.In this work FEM based analysis and design of different structure of rail (guide-way) and electromagnetic levitation system (EMLS) has been performed utilizing ANSYS software. Actuator and guide-way are the most important part for magnetic levitation system. A FEM analysis utilizing ANSYS software has done to find out the flux pattern, working flux density, field intensity, force etc. for different single actuator based levitation system at different operating conditions. Different aspects of rail and actuator have been described based on the ANSYS simulation results. In this paper shows a simple magnetic model for the study of the levitation and guidance forces produced by an electromagnet and rail. The electromagnet shapes taken into consideration in this paper U type and with I and U type rail.

Guided wave based inspection and monitoring systems for railway tracks operate at frequencies where as many as 40 modes of propagation may exist. During the development of such systems it is advantageous to be able to measure the amplitude of the individual modes of propagation. The availability of scanning laser vibrometer systems has made it possible to measure the displacement or velocity at a large number of points on the rail surface. The contribution of each mode of propagation may be estimated from the measured frequency responses by using a pseudo-inverse technique and mode shape information computed from a semi-analytical finite element model. Scanning laser measurements were performed in the field at distances of 10m and 500m from a transducer used to transmit the guided waves. A scan of 430 measurement points was used to measure 25 modes at 40kHz.

Multidimensional cosmological, static spherically symmetric and Euclidean configurations are described in a unified way for gravity interacting with several dilatonic fields and antisymmetric forms, associated with electric and magnetic p -branes. Exact solutions are obtained when certain vectors, built from the input parameters of the model, are either orthogonal in the minisuperspace, or form mutually orthogonal subsystems. Some properties of black hole solutions are indicated, in particular, a no-hair-type theorem and restrictions emerging in models with multiple times. From the non-existence of Lorentzian wormholes, a universal restriction is obtained, applicable to orthogonal or block-orthogonal subsystems of any p -brane systems. Euclidean wormhole solutions are found, their actions and radii are explicitly calculated.

A new class of cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological models for perfect fluid distribution with electromagnetic field is obtained in the context of Lyra's geometry. We obtained two types of solutions by considering the uniform as well as time dependent displacement field. The source of the magnetic field is due to an electric current produced along the z-axis. Only F 12 is a non-vanishing component of the electromagnetic field tensor. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the expansion θ in the model is proportional to the shear σ. It has been found that the solutions are consistent with the recent observations of type Ia supernovae and that the displacement vector β(t) affects entropy. Physical and geometric aspects of the models are also discussed in the presence and absence of magnetic field.

I would like to draw the attention of members of the Decadal Survey Committee to a rather fundamental discovery, which (I believe) will have a major impact on the Earth and Planetary Sciences in the coming years. We have been able to establish that all igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks, e.g. essentially the majority of the rocks in Earth’s crust, presumably also on Mars, Venus and Moon, contain electronic charge carriers that have been overlooked/ignored. These charge carriers pre-exist in the constituent minerals, albeit in an electrically inactive, dormant form. The charge carriers are activated by (i) heat, (ii) stress and probably (iii) UV. They have the unusual capability to flow out of the heated/stressed volume and to spread into the surrounding colder/unstressed rocks. The charge carriers travel fast and far. Their phase velocity is of the order of 200 m/sec. They can propagate over meters in laboratory experiments, presumably kilometers to tens of kilometers in the f...

We propose a mechanism for the low frequency electromagnetic emissions and other electromagnetic and electric phenomena which have been associated with earthquakes. The mechanism combines the critical earthquake concept and the concept of crust acting as a charging electric battery under increasing stress. The electric charges are released by activation of dormant charge carriers in the oxygen anion sublattice, called peroxy bonds or positive hole pairs (PHP), where a PHP represents an O3X/ OO \Y O3 with X, Y = Si 4+ , Al 3+ ..., i.e. O -in a matrix of O 2-of silicates. We propose that PHP are activated by plastic deformations during the slow cooperative build-up of stress and the increasingly correlated damage culminating in a large "critical" earthquake. Recent laboratory experiments indeed show that stressed rocks form electric batteries which can release their charge when a conducting path closes the equivalent electric circuit. We conjecture that the intermittent and erratic occurrences of EM signals are a consequence of the progressive build-up of the battery charges in the Earth crust and their erratic release when crack networks are percolating throughout the stressed rock volumes, providing a conductive pathway for the battery currents to discharge. EM signals are thus expected close to the rupture, either slightly before or after, that is, when percolation is most favored. The proposed mechanism should be relevant for the broader understanding of fractoemissions.

Португальская и испанская экономики получили крупные суммы из европейских структурных фондов и воспользовались значительным сокращением процентных ставок по кредитам после вступления в ЕС. Совокупное воздействие этих двух факторов привело к возникновению эффекта, сравнимого с так называемой голландской болезнью. Приток финансовых средств в данном случае можно рассматривать как своего рода проклятие. В статье мы показываем наличие голландской болезни в португальской экономике и ее отсутствие -в испанской. Проведя описательный анализ некоторых переменных, мы рассмотрели всю совокупность необходимых для расчетов уравнений, в которых были учтены прямые и непрямые последствия притока средств из структурных фондов и финансовых издержек для экономики. При этом было выявлено, что воздействие этих факторов на реальный валютный курс сыграло основополагающую роль. Ключевые слова: внешняя помощь, процентные ставки, голландская болезнь, динамические модели. Введение. Португальская и испанская экономика после вступления в Европейский союз (ЕС) были подвержены практически одинаковому риску возникновения голландской болезни. Помощь из-за рубежа и постоянное снижение процентных ставок имеют последствия, весьма схожие с последствиями изобилия природных ресурсов. Последствия перераспределения ресурсов и расходов являются ключевыми элементами голландской болезни, которые необходимо учитывать. Голландская болезнь. Термин «голландская болезнь» был употреблен впервые в 1977 г. в газете The Economist. Исследование эмпирических результатов экономического бума в отдельно взятом секторе было проведено в Австралии [7] и получило название эффекта Грегори . В соответствии с объяснением, данном в работе Кордена [8], можно предположить, что экономика разделена на три сектора: B -сектор роста (бурно развивающийся); L -сектор застоя (отстающий); N -сектор производства необмениваемых товаров NT. Позитивный импульс в секторе B приведет к «эффекту расходов», в соответствии с которым полученные в этом секторе доходы, а также доходы, прогнозируемые в будущем , приведут к увеличению цен на товары NT, а также на обмениваемые товары Т. В результате этого производительные ресурсы уходят из секторов B и L и направляются в сектор N. Поскольку в секторе В наблюдается бум, там растет предельная производительность труда, при этом предполагается, что относительная заработная плата не изменяется. Эта ситуация приводит к росту спроса на рабочую силу в секторе В и привлечению наемных работников из секторов L и N. Речь идет об эффекте «перераспределения

Transformer winding type has a great effect on the flux leakage and flux leakage in it's turn affect considerably voltage drop, magnetic losses and transformer efficiency. Therefore it is necessary to investigate flux linkage and the affected factors on it. In this paper, winding type effect on flux leakage is investigated using 2D finite elements method. For making a quantified study, two main windings type namely, LHL (helical concentrate) and sandwiches windings are considered and flux leakage is computed for each one. Finite Element computation is made by COSMOS 2.0 software package. To cross check package results, an approximately analytical calculation is performed and the results are compared.

VLBI is unique in its ability to measure UT1 and is an important contributor to measuring the Length of Day (LOD). In this paper I study LOD and demonstrate that it has structure at all time scales, and decompose it into into Tidal, Seasonal, and Long Period and Residual terms. I show that the Multivariate Enso Index is strongly correlated with the Residual LOD. I compare the impact of the current El Niño with that of the 1997–98 El Niño. Both events result in an increase in LOD of 750 μs and a cumulative impact on UT1 of 0.1 seconds.

In this paper we report on recent investigations within an ongoing research project, which aims at developing a better understanding of the urban space augmented with the digital space. We are looking at developing sensing environments acting as an interface that can facilitate interactions between people and people, and people and their surrounding. Here we describe a preliminary study that aims at mapping and visualising the digital presence of people in the public arena. We outline initial observatins about how people move and congregate, and illustrate the impact of the spatial and syntactical properties on the type of shared interactions. We suggest that by altering the relation between consciousness of communication and the intention of interaction, technology can be appropriated to support emergent choreography of space. This may help throw further light on the complex relationship between the digital space and urban space in general, and people's relationship to each other and to the sensing environment. Finally, we discuss our initial results and mention briefly our ongoing work.

Geo-BILT (Geothermal Borehole Induction Logging Tool) is an extended induction logging tool designed for 3D resistivity imaging around a single borehole. The tool was developed for deployment in high temperature geothermal wells under a joint program funded by the California Energy Commission, Electromagnetic Instruments (EMI) and the U.S. Department of Energy. EM1 was responsible for tool design and manufacture, and numerical modeling efforts were being addressed at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLNL) and other contractors. The field deployment was done by EM1 and LLNL. The tool operates at fiequencies from 2 to 42 kHz, and its design features a series of threecomponent magnetic sensors offset at 2 and 5 meters from a three-component magnetic source. Valley site offered an environment where the tool could locate near-well fractures associated with steam development. The Lost Hills field measurements yielded a data set suitable for 3D imaging. The Geo-BLT data corresponded to existing conventional logging data and showed clear indications, in several depth intervals, of near-well 3D structure. Subsequent 3D inversion of these data produced a model consistent with non-planar water flow in specific layers. The Dixie Valley measurements identified structures associated with dike intrusions and water inflow at particular depths. Preliminary analysis suggests these structures are steeply dipping, which is consistent with the geology.

We report on a search for electromagnetic and/or hadronic showers (cascades) induced by high energy neutrinos in the data collected with the AMANDA II detector during the year 2000. The observed event rates are consistent with the expectations for atmospheric neutrinos and muons. We place upper limits on a diffuse flux of extraterrestrial electron, tau and muon neutrinos. A flux of neutrinos with a spectrum Φ ∝ E −2 which consists of an equal mix of all flavors, is limited to E 2 Φ(E) = 8.6 × 10 −7 GeV cm −2 s −1 sr −1 at a 90% confidence level for a neutrino energy range 50 TeV to 5 PeV. We present bounds for specific extraterrestrial neutrino flux predictions. Several of these models are ruled out.

The possibility of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in momentum space in a generic Lifshitz scalar model-a non-relativistic scalar field theory with higher spatial derivative termshas been studied. We show that the minimum energy state, the ground state, has a lattice structure, where the translation invariance of the continuum theory is reduced to a discrete translation symmetry. The scale of translation symmetry breaking (or induced lattice spacing) is proportional to the inverse of the momentum of the condensate particle. The crystalline ground state is stable under excitations below a certain critical velocity. The small fluctuations above the ground state can have a phonon like dispersion under suitable choice of parameters. At the beginning we have discussed the effects of next to nearest neighbour interaction terms in a model of linear triatomic molecule depicted by a linear system of three particles of same mass connected by identical springs. This model is relevant since in the continuum limit the next to nearest neighbour interaction terms generate higher (spatial) derivative wave equation, the main topic of this paper.

Carbon dioxide (CO 2) and Methane (CH 4) are the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases. CH 4 is furthermore one of the most potent present and future contributors to global warming because of its large global warming potential (GWP). Our knowledge of CH 4 sources and sinks is based primarily on sparse in-situ local point measurements from micro sites and surface networks and more recently on low spatial resolution satellite observations. There is a need for measurements of the dry columns of CO 2 and CH 4 having high spatial resolution and spatial coverage. In order to fill this gap a new passive airborne 2-channel grating spectrometer instrument for remote sensing of small scale and mesoscale column-averaged CH 4 and CO 2 observations has been developed. This Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument measures reflected and scattered solar radiation in the short wave infrared (SWIR) and near-infrared (NIR) parts of the electromagnetic spectrum at moderate spectral resolution. The SWIR channel yields measurements of atmospheric absorption bands of CH 4 and CO 2 in the spectral range between 1.59 and 1.69 µm at a spectral resolution of 0.82 nm. The NIR channel around 0.76 µm measures the atmospheric O 2-A-band absorption with a resolution of 0.46 nm. MAMAP has been designed for flexible operation aboard a variety of airborne platforms. The instrument design and performance, together with some results from on-ground and in-flight engineering tests are presented. The instrument performance has been analyzed using a retrieval algorithm applied to the SWIR channel nadir measured spectra. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SWIR channel is approximately 1000 for integration times (t int) in the range of 0.6-0.8 s for scenes with surface spectral reflectances of around 0.18. At these integration times the ground scene size is about 23×33 m 2 for an aircraft altitude of 1 km and a ground speed of 200 km/h. For these scenes the CH 4 and CO 2 column retrieval precisions are typically about 1% (1 σ). Elevated levels of CH 4 have been retrieved above a CH 4 emitting landfill. Similarly the plume of CO 2 from coal-fired power plants can be well detected and tracked. The measurements by the MAMAP sensor enable estimates of

Carbon dioxide (CO 2) and Methane (CH 4) are the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases. CH 4 is furthermore one of the most potent present and future contributors to global warming because of its large global warming potential (GWP). Our knowledge of CH 4 and CO 2 source strengths is based primarily on bottom-up scaling of sparse in-situ local point measurements of emissions and upscaling of emission factor estimates or top-down modeling incorporating data from surface networks and more recently also by incorporating data from low spatial resolution satellite observations for CH 4. There is a need to measure and retrieve the dry columns of CO 2 and CH 4 having high spatial resolution and spatial coverage. In order to fill this gap a new passive airborne 2-channel grating spectrometer instrument for remote sensing of small scale and mesoscale column-averaged CH 4 and CO 2 observations has been developed. This Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument measures reflected and scattered solar radiation in the short wave infrared (SWIR) and near-infrared (NIR) parts of the electromagnetic spectrum at moderate spectral resolution. The SWIR channel yields measurements of atmospheric absorption bands of CH 4 and CO 2 in the spectral range between 1.59 and 1.69 µm at a spectral resolution of 0.82 nm. The NIR channel around 0.76 µm measures the atmospheric O 2-A-band absorption with a resolution of 0.46 nm. MAMAP has been designed for flexible operation aboard a variety of airborne platforms.

A modeled study of the feasibility of applying geophysical methods, electrical resistivity and ground penetrating radar (GPR), in delineating buried synthetic Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) in a typical Basement Complex environment was carried out in this research. The electrical resistivity method utilizes Dipole-Dipole resistivity and Wenner Horizontal Profiling (WHP) techniques. Resistivity data were obtained at 20 and 13 station positions (using a spacing of 5 cm) along the longitudinal and transverse traverses established along the length, while Twenty-nine (29) traverses, in a grid form, were established in the GPR survey with lengths varying between 10 and 15 m. It was observed from the HP results that increase in overburden thickness has the effect of giving rise to an overestimation or underestimation of the geometry of the buried metal. Inverted dipole-dipole results show proper delineation of the resistivity structure of the UXO. However, a lateral and vertical deviation, which decreases with increase in depth of burial of the metal, in position of the metal from its true position was observed on the synthetic model. The radargrams obtained from GPR technique shows all the buried objects at different positions and depths. Distinctively flat reflection patterns and hyperbolic reflection patterns, which depict flat and cylindrical objects, were observed between 0.05 m to 1 m depths. It was concluded in the study that both GPR and electrical resistivity methods are suitable for delineating UXO in a basement complex terrain, but GPR has better accuracy than Electrical resistivity method.

Current trend of using digital or all-digital phase-locked loops (PLLs) in various communication devices introduces the usage of digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). This review paper discusses the evolution of DCOs in modern electronic devices as well as their performances in local oscillators. Even though the DCO implementation is preferable to its analog counterpart, improvements are still going on to get high performances in terms of power consumption, speed, chip area, frequency range, supply voltage, portability and resolution. This paper mainly describes the evolution of DCO, how it turns from a conventional VCO to DCO for deep-submicrometer CMOS process. The focus is to analyse and track the advances in DCO base on its performance level.

This paper introduces a Neuroelectromagnetic Forward Modeling Toolbox running under MATLAB (The Mathworks, Inc.) for generating realistic head models from available data (MRI and/or electrode locations) and for solving the forward problem of electro-magnetic source imaging numerically. The toolbox includes tools for segmenting scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissues from T1weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. After extracting the segmented tissue volumes, mesh generation can be performed using deformable models. When MR images are not available, it is possible to warp a template head model to measured electrode locations to obtain a better-fitting realistic model. The Boundary Element Method (BEM) is used for the numerical solution of the forward problem. Toolbox functions can be called from either a graphic user interface or from the command line. Function help messages and a tutorial are included. The toolbox is freely available under the GNU Public License for noncommercial use and open source development.

Articulation-to-speech (ATS) synthesis has recently shown the potential for silent speech interfaces (SSIs). SSIs are devices for assisting the oral communication for individuals who have lost their voice by mapping their articulatory movement to audible speech. Electromagnetic Articulograph (EMA) is one of the current articulator motion tracking technologies in SSI, which captures the movement of flesh points on articulators. Understanding how well different individual flesh points contribute to ATS performance may help optimize the SSI setup. To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the individual flesh point’s contribution to ATS, where we compared ATS performance using EMA data of different flesh points combinations with a deep neural network (DNN)-based ATS model. Experimental results indicated that more flesh points lead to higher performance generally. However, our perceptionbased evaluation may suggest the unnecessity of more than one tongue (tip) flesh point for...

Статья анализирует динамику макроэкономических показателей в России, включая ВВП, инфляцию, ключевую ставку, уровень безработицы и счет текущих операций за период с 2020–2023 гг. Освещены два крупных экономических кризиса, вызванных пандемией COVID-19 и экономическими санкциями, а также их влияние на экономику.

A Problem Solving Environment (PSE) is a complete, integrated computing environment for composing, compiling and running applications in a specific problem area or domain. We describe a visual code development tool within a PSE, which enables computational scientists to construct applications by connecting components. The granularity of each component can vary from being a complete code, to a mathematical routine such as a matrix or PDE solver. We first outline the requirements of such an environment, illustrating these with our implementation. The implementation of a computational electromagnetic solver is then described using this code development tool, based on a 2D boundary element code. We emphasise lessons learned, and the importance of using such an environment to support new application development.

Nam Chun subwatershed in Thailand was covered by dense forest some 35 years ago. After Thai government gave concession to companies to cut down the trees as a way to eliminate communist movement in the past, deforestation has led to unselective cutting down of trees. Forest was replaced by maize cultivation, the main crop in the area. Cultivation on steep slope and improper land use practices has led to land degradation. Soil erosion, land sliding and fertility depletion are the main land degradation problems in the area. The heavy rain of 11 August 2001 has caused landslides in highlands, and flooding in lowlands, which resulted in destruction of properties and heavy losses of human lives. In order to assess land cover change, analysis was made on multi-temporal remote sensing data, in both digital and analogue (air photographs) forms. Study on the impacts of the changes on land was carried out through the study of degradation features, such as gullies and landslides, and by assessing soil erosion, applying model. The study shows that deforestation, which took place in the past two decades, has caused erosion, flooding and various types of mass movement. The degradation was found highest on cropped areas and lowest under forest and grasslands. Gullies are common on steep cultivated areas.

We present numerical solutions of the semi-classical Boltzmann-Vlasov equation for fermion particle-antiparticle production by strong electric fields in boost-invariant coordinates in (1+1) and (3+1) dimensional QED. We compare the Boltzmann-Vlasov results with those of recent quantum field theory calculations and find good agreement. We conclude that extending the Boltzmann-Vlasov approach to the case of QCD should allow us to do a thorough investigation of how backreaction affects recent results on the dependence of the transverse momentum distribution of quarks and anti-quarks on a second Casimir invariant of color SU(3).

Inside the rf structures of positron (or electron) linacs for future linear colliders, electron multipacting may occur under the combined influence of the beam field and the electromagnetic rf wave. The multipacting can lead to an electron-cloud build up along the bunch train. Electrons are also created by collisional and field ionization of the residual gas. We present simulation results of the electron build up for various proposed designs, and discuss possible consequences.

The conformally flat spherically symmetric charged perfect fluid distribution model in timeindependent gravitational field is obtained in this paper. The electromagnetic field is present in the model and it is an accelerating universe with negative pressure. The other physical properties of the model are also discussed.

We have investigated the propagation characteristics of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves that are guided by the interface of semi-infinite metal and a gyromagnetic material. For the purpose of analyzing the SPP waves, and to obtain the
numerical results, we considered metal that is an isotropic material and yttrium iron
garnet (YIG), a gyromagnetic material, that has anisotropic behavior and converts
into isotropic material by applying magnetic field. In addition, we take into account
the three orthogonal magnetic orientations of the externally applied magnetic field
in our calculations, i.e., polar, transversal, and longitudinal. The solutions show us
the peculiar behavior of SPP waves under the influence of gyromagnetic effect in
all three orientations. For instance, we obtained candle like structures due to the influence of gyromagnetic coefficients and magnetic fields. This work is important to
understand the formation and propagation of SPP waves, the magneto-optical phenomenon and its influence on SPP waves that have crucial role in different fields like
biophotonics, optical sensing, and communication systems.

This paper presents a method based on shape-context and statistical measures to match interventional 2D Trans Rectal Ultrasound (TRUS) slice during prostate biopsy to a 2D Magnetic Resonance (MR) slice of a pre-acquired prostate volume. Accurate biopsy tissue sampling requires translation of the MR slice information on the TRUS guided biopsy slice. However, this translation or fusion requires the knowledge of the spatial position of the TRUS slice and this is only possible with the use of an electromagnetic (EM) tracker attached to the TRUS probe. Since, the use of EM tracker is not common in clinical practice and 3D TRUS is not used during biopsy, we propose to perform an analysis based on shape and information theory to reach close enough to the actual MR slice as validated by experts. The Bhattacharyya distance is used to find point correspondences between shape-context representations of the prostate contours. Thereafter, Chi-square distance is used to find out those MR slices where the prostates closely match with that of the TRUS slice. Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) values of the TRUS slice with each of the axial MR slices are computed after rigid alignment and consecutively a strategic elimination based on a set of rules between the Chi-square distances and the NMI leads to the required MR slice. We validated our method for TRUS axial slices of 15 patients, of which 11 results matched at least one experts validation and the remaining 4 are at most one slice away from the expert validations.

We estimate the rate of observable Horizontal and Upward Tau Air-Showers (HORTAUs, UPTAUS) considering both the Earth opacity and the contribution of the terrestrial atmosphere. Our result applies to most neutrino telescope projects especially to the EUSO space observatory. Using a compact analytical formula we calculate the effective target volumes and masses for Tau air-showers emerging from the Earth. The resulting model-independent effective masses for EUSO may encompass-at E ντ ≃ 10 19 eV-an average huge volume (≃ 1020 km 3) compared to current neutrino experiments. Adopting simple power law

The adequacy of synchronous machine dynamic models and the determination of model parameters have been the subjects of much recent research. Validation of models through the conduct of large disturbance tests on generating units is not economically viable and could even be hazardous. However the capture of records of disturb¬ ance events as they occur with modern FM recorders is routinely done on a number of units and this information can be used for model validation.

We build spherically symmetric wormholes within the DGP theory. We calculate the energy localized on the shell, and we find that for certain values of the parameters wormholes could be supported by matter not violating the energy conditions. We also show that it could exist solitonic shells charaterized by zero pressure and zero energy; thereafter we make some observations regarding their dynamic on the phase plane.

The ITER electron cyclotron (EC) upper port antenna (or launcher) is nearing completion of the detailed design stage and the final build-to-print design stage will soon start. The main objective of this launcher is to drive current locally to stabilize the neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) (depositing ECCD inside of the island that forms on either the q = 3/2 or 2 rational magnetic flux surfaces) and control the sawtooth instability (deposit ECCD near the q = 1 surface). The launcher should be capable of steering the focused beam deposition location to the resonant flux surface over the range in which the q = 1, 3/2 and 2 surfaces are expected to be found for various plasma equilibria susceptible to the onset of NTMs and sawteeth. The aim of this paper is to provide the design status of the principal components that make up the launcher: port plug, mm-wave system and shield block components. The port plug represents the chamber that provides a rigid support structure that houses the...

This review gathers recent findings in biophysics that shed light on the biological principle of self-organization, spanning from molecules to more complicated systems with higher information processing capacity. The focus is on "feedback loops" from information and matter to an exchange component with a more fundamental meaning than "cybernetic regulation" and "maintenance of homeostasis". This article proposes that electric and electromagnetic forces are the most important mediators over large distances. Field-like mediation is distinguished from cell-to-cell communication by special electric-or ion-guiding mechanisms that create additional pathways to the "classical" mediators such as nerve conduction or blood flow. Resonance phenomena from phonons and photons in the visible range will be discussed in relation to organelles, cytoskeletal elements and molecules. In this context, the aqueous surrounding of molecules and cells is an important aspect. Many of these phenomena are caused by quantum physics, such as the tunneling of electrons in enzymes or in other coherent working systems. This suggests that quantum information processing is also spread over large-scale areas of an organism.

In order to recover the movements of usually hidden articulators such as tongue or velum, we have developed a data-based speech inversion method. HMMs are trained, in a multistream framework, from two synchronous streams: articulatory movements measured by EMA, and MFCC + energy from the speech signal. A speech recognition procedure based on the acoustic part of the HMMs delivers the chain of phonemes and together with their durations, information that is subsequently used by a trajectory formation procedure based on the articulatory part of the HMMs to synthesise the articulatory movements. The RMS reconstruction error ranged between 1.1 and 2. mm.

Most of the in-plant medium-voltage generators are grounded through resistors ranging from 200 to 400 A. In some unusual situations, the resistors may even be as high as 1200 A. Low-resistance grounding is a preferred choice for a medium-voltage power distribution system. However, extensive generator stator ground fault damages had been reported due to the prolonging generator neutral ground current, which would continue to flow even after the main and field breaker opened. This ground fault current could continue to flow for as long as 5 s depending on the generator open-circuit time constant. As a result, the higher the generator neutral current, would lead to the higher stator ground fault damages. An IEEE Working Group has recently completed its study and made recommendations for medium-voltage generator grounding in a multiple source industrial environment. Based on the considerations of transient overvoltage, ground fault damages, and ground fault protection, the working group suggests a few variations of grounding systems, which basically are low-resistance grounding systems during normal operating conditions, and the generator would be switched to a high-resistance grounded system from a normal low-resistance grounded system when a ground fault occurs in the generator stator. The purposes of this paper are: 1) to examine the generator transient over-voltage and currents under the low-resistance ground fault conditions, and also to evaluate their corresponding stator ground fault damages, and 2) to establish an acceptable maximum system ground fault level. For comparison purposes, three versions of low-resistance grounding systems have been considered and they are: a low-resistance grounding system with a neutral breaker at the generator (hereinafter called a "neutral breaker system"); a low-resistance grounding system with the generator neutral low resistor being switched to a high-resistor after a stator ground fault (hereinafter called a "hybrid system"); and a low-resistance grounding system similar to the current practice (hereinafter called a "traditional system"). The simulation study is conducted with the aid of the Electro Magnetic Transient Program. An experimental analog generator model is also used to verify the simulation results. Index Terms-Neutral breaker grounding system and hybrid grounding system, stator ground fault damage, transient overvoltage.

In order to improve Compact Disc Players playability regarding playing Compact Discs with surface faults, like scratches and fingerprints etc, the attention has been put on fault tolerant control schemes. Almost every of those methods are based on fault detection. The standard approach is to use a pair of residuals generated by Compact Disc Player. However, these residuals depend on the performance of position servos in the Compact Disc Player. In other publications of the same authors a pair of decoupled residuals is derived. However, the computation of these alternative residuals has been based on iterative methods. In this paper an algebraic solution is presented. The algebraic algorithm do only use two thirds of the number of multiplication and additions as the iterative method uses per iteration.

This paper describes the basic design, refinement and verification using finite element analysis (FEA), and operational simulation using the Virtual Test Bed (VTB), of a range of candidate linear machines for an electromagnetic aircraft launching system (EMALS) for the aircraft carrier of the future. Choices of basic machine format, and procedures for determining basic dimensions are presented. A detailed design is presented for a permanent magnet version, and a super conducting field coil and an induction machine version are introduced. The long armature-short field geometry is discussed, and in particular the impact of this geometry on the scale of the power electronic drive system is presented.

Statistical approach for detection and estimation of parameters of short-term quasiperiodic processes was used in order to investigate the Free Core Nutation (FCN) signal in the Celestial Pole Offset (CPO). The results show that this signal is very unstable and that it disappeared in year 2000. The amplitude of oscillation with period of about 435 days is larger for dX as compared with that for dY .

The behavior of magnetic field in plane symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological models for bulk viscous distribution is investigated. The coefficient of bulk viscosity is assumed to be a power function of mass density (ξ = ξ0ρ n). The values of cosmological constant for these models are found to be small and positive which are supported by the results from recent supernovae Ia observations. Some physical and geometric aspects of the models are also discussed.

The mass-energy distributions of fission fragments of excited 180,190 Hg nuclei formed in 36 Ar + 144,154 Sm reactions are measured at incident 36 Ar energies of 158, 181, and 222 MeV using the double-arm time-of-flight spectrometer CORSET. The asymmetric fission of 180,190 Hg with the most probable masses of light and heavy fragments of 79 and 101 amu, and 84 and 106 amu, respectively, is observed in mass distributions of 180,190 Hg at energies of excitation of up to 75 MeV. Two components manifesting the symmetric and asymmetric fission modes are observed in the kinetic energy distributions.

A new class of cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological models for perfect fluid distribution with electromagnetic field is obtained in the context of Lyra's geometry. We have obtained two types of solutions by considering the uniform as well as time dependent displacement field. The source of the magnetic field is due to an electric current produced along the z-axis.Only F12 is a non-vanishing component of electromagnetic field tensor. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the expansion θ in the model is proportional to the shear σ. It has been found that the solutions are consistent with the recent observations of type Ia supernovae and the displacement vector β(t) affects entropy. Physical and geometric aspects of the models are also discussed in presence and absence of magnetic field.

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