Elderly Population

This study is an attempt to understand the concept of good governance and evaluate the past and present status of Good governance in Pakistan and suggest a way forward for effective and efficient future. The focus of the research is to understand the concept of Global Governance and assess Pakistan's performance against various governance indicators. . The research looks at some of the harsh realities of Pakistan and it's after affects that have occurred due to the evils of corruption in society. The section "Way forward" looks at some recommendations by various researchers in the journey of Good Governance in Pakistan and includes suggestions by the author on possible solutions.

ÖZET
Ekonomik açıdan faal olmayan nüfus, bağımlı nüfus olarak adlandırılır. Genellikle üretici olmayan 0-14 yaş grubundaki genç nüfus ile 65 yaş ve üzerindeki yaşlı nüfus, bağımlı nüfusu meydana getiren en önemli gruplardır. Nüfusun her iki bağımlı grubu, doğum ve ölüm hızlarındaki değişimler ile kontrol edilir. Dünya genelinde olduğu gibi, Türkiye’de de doğum ve ölüm hızlarındaki azalma eğilimi, toplam nüfus içerisinde 0-14 yaş grubu nüfusun azalmasına neden olurken, 65+ yaş grubu nüfusun artmasına yol açmaktadır. 1935 yılında, Türkiye nüfusunun %41.2’si 0-14 yaş grubunda ve %3.9’u 65+ yaş grubunda yer alırken; 2015 yılına gelindiğinde 0-14 yaş grubunun oranı %24’e düşmüş, 65+ yaş grubunun oranı ise %8.2’ye yükselmiştir. Demografik dönüşüm, bağımlı nüfus oranlarında da değişikliklere neden olmuş ve 1935-2015 devresinde, genç bağımlı nüfus oranı %75.8 den %35.4’e düşerken, yaşlı bağımlı nüfus oranı %7.1’den %12.7’ye ulaşmıştır. Artık yaşlı nüfuslu ülkeler grubunda değerlendirilen Türkiye için hazırlanan nüfus projeksiyonları, yaşlı nüfusun ve yaşlı bağımlılık oranlarının gelecek yıllarda da artışının süreceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaşlı nüfus, bağımlı nüfus, yaşlı nüfus bağımlılık oranı, demografik dönüşüm.

ABSTRACT

The economically inactive population is named as dependent population. Generally, non-productive young population in 0-14 age and elderly population 65 age and above are the most important groups of depended population. Both depended groups of population were controlled with the speed changes in births and deaths. As in the Wold, while the tendency of decrease in birth and death rates in Turkey, it causes an increase in 65+ age group. In 1935, while the 41.2 % of Turkey’s population places in 0-14 age group and 3.9 % in 65+ age group; in 2015, the ratio of 0-14 age group decreased to 24 % and the ratio of 65+ increased to 8.2 %. Demographic transformation caused changes in depended population and in 1935-2015 circuit, while young depended population showed a downward trend from 75.8 % to 35.4 %, elderly depended population ratio reached from 7.1 % to 12.7 %. From now on, Turkey is considered as an elderly populous country and prepared population projections for Turkey put forth that elderly population and elderly depended ratio will continue to increase even in the incoming years.

The 21st century is generally being considered as the „century of the elderly‟ and population ageing is one of the most important global trends of the period. The problems arising out of it have varied implications for developing and developed countries. In India, as a result of the change in the age composition of the population over time, there has been a progressive increase in both the number and proportion of aged people. The proportion of the population aged 60 years or more has been increasing consistently over the last century, particularly after 1951. According to official population projections, the number of elderly persons will rise to approximately 140 million by 2021.
As a development concern, the projected increase of the elderly population in India may pose mounting pressures on various socio-economic fronts. Also, elderly population faces a myriad of challenges - social, physical, psychological and economic which are unique to them. It warrants greater attention to ageing-related issues and for economic and social policies to become elderly friendly. To create opportunities for positive aging, there is a need for understanding elderly persons on various aspects and to initiate policy and programme debates about ageing in India. In this context, a national conference on „Emerging Challenges of Elderly: Implementation of Programme and Policy Making‟ was organized by the Department of Social Work (Aided), Madras School of Social Work, Chennai in collaboration with ASTRA- Social Work Forum of the Department. The conference was sponsored by the National Institute of Social Defence (NISD), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India.
This edited volume of the book, published as the outcome of the conference, contains empirical papers, case studies and conceptual papers. These are included in five different domains namely Ageing: Issues and Challenges, Ill Health and Well Being of Elderly, Aging in Institutions, Social Policies and Programmes for Elderly, and Positive Ageing: Outlook and Approaches. The book will help to identify the emerging areas of key concern in elderly care and protection. It has high relevance to government departments, policy planners, educationists, researchers, social workers, parents, children and especially for those elderly who fight for their rights and privileges.

Esta comunicación analiza: 1) Los aspectos multifactoriales de la etiología de las alteraciones del equilibrio en el adulto mayor: 2) Los test validados para su evaluación. 3) El abordaje multidisciplinario de su terapéutica y rehabilitación. 4) Se describe el sistema del equilibrio como un sistema de control y el valor de la posturografía para la evaluación y el seguimiento clínico de estos pacientes.

The theme of this research paper is to highlight roles Pakistan"s elderly women, have played in times of emergency in 2010. These role models can inspire policy formation processes at government level, support mainstreaming ageing in Pakistan and improve the wellbeing of older population.The broader objectives of the research aimed to explore the impacts of social protection scheme on older men and women after the floods of 2010 in response to developmental activities. The development activity revolves around older people through social protection schemes by a private voluntary sector organisation, for poverty reduction, sustainable development and resilience of community as a whole. The role of elderly women in today"s world can easily be judged by how actively they continue to participate in productive activities and chores despite physical challenges and social limitations. This research study has shown evidences of what older women are capable of doing, both in terms of productivity and also by exceeding expectation towards resilience. Major recommendations for improving the wellbeing of older population include policy level interventions. Specific suggestions for older women include training modules and inclusion in microcredit poverty reduction programmes offered by public agencies and private voluntary platforms.

Social and economic changes taking place in many Sub-Saharan African traditional societies have resulted in the gradual erosion and substantial break down of the traditional familial support for the elderly. In the Ada East district of Ghana, little or no information is available about the impact of demographic transition on the lives of the elderly and this necessitated the need for the study. The study employed descriptive cross sectional study design using simple random sampling technique to select the respondents. A sample of 250 respondents was used to gather data for the study. Primary data collection was basically through administered questionnaire and in-depth interviews and was analyzed using basically descriptive and inferential statistics involving mainly frequency distributions and cross tabulations. Logistic regression yielding odds ratio was also used to establish the likelihood of an outcome between certain demographic characteristics of respondents and variables under the specific objectives of the study. All statistical tests were performed using two-sided tests at the 0.05 level of significance. It was established that there was relationship between marital status of respondents and frequency of visitors at respondents home at the study area (P >0.000). Findings again revealed that more than 85% of respondents had ever suffered one form of abuse. About 66.8% respondents’ household composed of only their immediate family while 33.2% respondents’ household structure was extended family system. The result also showed that men were 7.3 times more likely to get support from their friends, children and in-laws as compared to their female counterparts (OR =7.3; 95% CI: 0.3-1.81; P=0.041). Also, elderly people in household structure of extended family system were 9 times more likely to visit the hospital always as compared to elderly people who were living in a nuclear family system (OR =9; 95% CI: 1.4-9.4; P=0.031). Elderly who were married were 7 times more likely to rate their perceived health status as good as compared to those who were not married (OR=7; 95% CI: 13.1-10.1; P=0.005). The elderly who were educated or had any form of formal educational training before were 5 times more likely to have one form of coping strategy to improve their wellbeing as compare to those who were not educated or had no form of formal education (OR=5; 95% CI: 1.2-6.8; P=0.002). The social and economic wellbeing of the elderly in this district is in a peril state. Some coping strategies adopted by the elderly in this area predispose them to all kinds of abuse. The Government and Non-governmental organizations should look into the viability of providing aged care homes or centers in the district to provide aged friendly health services, social services and protection while keeping them company in order to reduce the loneliness as the District Assembly also works to strengthen and expand measures to assist the aged through the livelihood empowerment against poverty program.

Colloque organisé par l'association CIF-SP, la ville de Poitiers et la MSHS de Poitiers le 26 novembre 2019

Pourquoi un colloque sur l’âgisme ?
Il s’agit ici de croiser des approches universitaires et militantes qui ensemble doivent nous éclairer sur un impensé de notre société. Les stéréotypes, préjugés et discriminations liées à l’âge sont tellement prégnants qu’ils en sont invisibles et qu’on entrevoit à peine leurs effets.

Las cárceles reflejan paulatinamente el proceso de envejecimiento demográfico que vive la sociedad. Sin una consideración específica en el sistema penitenciario vigente, la población reclusa anciana vive un doble ostracismo en el cual, el aislamiento de los medios de comunicación contrasta con un mundo repleto de pantallas, reforzando las dificultades de una futura reinserción social. El proyecto campUSCulturae, coordinado desde la Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, ha puesto en marcha iniciativas de alfabetización mediática en el Centro Penitenciario de Teixeiro (A Coruña), siguiendo las técnicas de la observación participante y el aprendizaje servicio. Dichas iniciativas se han plasmado en la elaboración de un Archivo de Voces del Mundo, que refleja y pone en valor el caudal de diversidad cultural que convive entre los muros de la cárcel, así como la elaboración de un programa de radio y la inculturación en el empleo de nuevos medios a través del desarrollo de una iniciativa de autopoéticas personales plasmadas a través de narrativas digitales.

The global trends of ageing and technological development are becoming a challenge in the field of contemporary marketing due to the fact that technological development has become permanent and significantly influences today’s consumers, who, as a global population, are getting older [Badowska, 2017, p. 29]. These factors have to be taken into account by marketers when formulating companies’ activities in the market, especially for new technological products. The latter have mainly been dedicated to young consumers, representing the so-called Generation Y. They are perceived as more open to technological novelties, acquiring them much Pobrane z czasopisma Annales H Oeconomia http://oeconomia.annales.umcs.pl Data: 09/12/2019 22:30:38

Ageing is unavoidable and inevitable stage of human being where everyone come across this stage but the problems faced by them are different in nature and their impact on their personal life at different periods of time, some problems effect physically and psychologically, but the impact of psychological problems are more when compared to physical problems. .The population of elderly in India is estimated to be 7.6 crore projected studies have indicated that the number of those aged sixty plus in India will increase to 100million in 2015 and 198 million 2030. 80percent of the elderly population living in rural area and 30percent of them are in below poverty line. By the year 2016 51percent of the elderly population would be woman.In Kuruba community there are 1,096 elderly people in Kappagal village of Bellary district find physical and psychological problems, because of their occupation, lack of medical facility, domestic violence and migration. As they spend their life with sheep which are affected by diseases and people use to adjust their life style according to the place they migrate but however they are also affected by psychological problem as well. Elder people in Kuruba community are neglected because younger generation think that elder people are of no use as they are weak to carry out their occupation and they feel they are burden for family rather than a asserts for them. So elder people are isolated and find problem in their family
 

How did I learn to understand that there can never ever be any acceptable alternative to immortality and living indefinitely forever young?

Is there any better way to learn and permanently remember the understanding that any possibly imaginable alternative to reverse all adverse effects of aging and happily live indefinitely forever young, healthy and energetic would have the same long-term negative consequences as intentionally committing suicide than I have described in this authentic experience report?

When I was only 6 years old, I went through an emotional trauma, from which I am still suffering today and that has led me to come here and be the only one working in the EIT building during Christmas break. On October 2nd, 1980, only one day before my daddy’s birthday, my aunt Frieda, who I liked a lot because she paid lots of attention to my long stories and actually took them serious, suffered from a sudden heart attack. My daddy succeeded to bring her back to life with CPR and my mom called the emergency doctor in the mean time. The doctor was a quiet man from Romania. He had short back hear and looked like being around 30 years old. His voice was very quiet and emotionally detached when he asked my grandma about the age of my aunt. My grandma replied: "She is 83 years old." And then something happened, which I never expected, i.e. the doctor went on in his empathy-lacking quiet voice to say the few German words, which I still remember as if my aunt had died yesterday. He said “Ich denke, wir hoeren auf.” In English this means, “I think, we are going to quit.” He meant going to quit any efforts and even medical interventions at our disposal to bring my aunt Frieda back to live and to make sure she’ll stay alive. When the doctor said this, it was spooky quiet, as if a ghost would kill my aunt. I felt like screaming into the face of the doctor, YOU MUST DO YOUR JOB AS EMERGENCY DOCTOR, TO DO EVERYTHING IN YOUR POWER TO MINIMIZE MY AUNT’S RISK TO DIE FROM THIS PARTIAL HEART ATTACK REGARDLESS OF HER AGE!!!! But I was only six. I was scared and confused. It was my first real encounter with death. I helplessly looked at my parents and looked at my grandma. I wanted them to demand from the doctor not to use my aunt Frieda’s advanced age against her. Although I was only six years old I strongly felt that no medical provider has the moral right and should be punished harshly when using his patient’s age as a shallow absolutely unjustified excuse for refusing to save their lives. But it was so quiet this time, which I recall must have been around 7.30 p.m. on October the 2nd, 1980, when my aunt laid diagonally across the carpet on the floor of the children’s room. Neither my mom nor my daddy nor my grandma nor my 2 younger siblings opened their mouth.

Although I was furious beyond anyone’s imagination, the fact that my otherwise very confident parents and even my grandma, who was best friends with my dying aunt, i.e. all three adults in the room, who’d I expect to fight for my life if I ever needed urgent medical care, and who’d otherwise readily expressed their opposition to anything they did not agree with or considered unfair, did not even attempt to pressure the doctor on a mental, emotional emphatic, moral, medical or legal level, to take his job seriously regardless how he personally felt about my aunt’s advanced age. When something totally unexpected like this happens, i.e. in case of such kind of second degree murder due to medical neglect and intentionally withholding readily available medical interventions without any apparent rational reason for not even trying to save my aunts life, when we still had a chance, I became speechless. I felt like screaming to my parents to not allow the doctor to let my aunt die, after my daddy had brought her back to life already. My daddy is very good in CPR. He’ll fight for everyone’s life as if it was his own. My daddy waited for the doctor’s instructions on how to proceed after restoring my aunts consciousness to the point where she had her eyes opened and could hear every single word, which was spoken by anyone in the children’s room. When all this happened I stood about 4 feet away from my aunt. I was afraid to move any closer because I was worried of accidentally bump into something I could not see but which would kill here. Now something happened that I can never forget. My daddy got up from the carpet and stopped CPR! I felt like screaming “NOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!!” “WHYYYYYYYYYY???” “DON’T!!!!!!” “KEEP BREATHING MORE AIR IN HER MOUTH!!!!! Don’t listen to this evil doctor. He has no respect for life! He does not deserve to be an emergency doctor!!! What if she were his aunt???? She is conscious and will most likely fully come back to life if you’ll just give her enough time to get over this medical crisis!!!! Actually, she was already over the hump because apparently her heart was beeping already independently and all my daddy was still doing, was breathing air in my aunt’s mouth. I wanted my mom to call another doctor. I wanted him to be a German doctor, who treats our aunt as if she was his aunt. I felt that this Rumanian doctor had no empathy for Germans because when my entire family looked up to him for help, he indirectly killed by neglect.

Even if is negative medical intuition should turn out to be true and all of our medical interventions were doomed to fail this evening, I felt he should at least try anyways or else there would have been no point in the doctor making the trip to our home. Then he could have stayed in his killer-hospital. At least that way he would not have had the opportunity to encourage my daddy from reviving my aunt with CPR. When I was six, my daddy was still very powerful. He would have kept performing CPR for hours to save my aunt’s life, if this disguised killer-doctor, would not have instructed him to stop and let her die, just because he felt no old people deserve resources intensive medical care, unless they are his own relatives. Would he let his aunt or grandmother dies like that if he had good chances to prevent or at least postpone death? This I felt would have certainly give my aunt enough time to get over the fear, which is an inherent feature of anyone surviving a heart attack, especially when the doctor is instructing my daddy to stop keeping her alive. I felt like being in a madhouse. I could not speak. My otherwise very attentive parents and grandmother did not seem to be aware that I felt so much emotional pain with such a mental intensity that I almost felt as if I was the one dying instead of my aunt. This god dam Rumanian doctor! Why did he have to be on duty when my aunt needed dedicated professional medical help to get over her heart attack? Why did the hospital not send a German doctor with a strong voice, who’d be much more assertive in his speech and actions to instruct my parents to do everything in their power to save my aunt’s life? Why did my aunt deserve such an indecisive foreign doctor, who lacks the kind of strong loud confidence inducing voice, patients and their relatives need in their struggle of succeeding in overcoming any medical crisis? Why did this stupid hospital send us this absolutely useless and even counterproductive foreign physician, who refused to even say a single word when my parents and grandma looked up to him and expected rational life-saving medical advice? What was he thinking when he condemned my aunt with the only very ambiguous sentence, I still remember verbatim from this cursed Rumanian doctor, “I think we are going to quit.”? Was he asking my parents, whether they’d approve his proposal to quit saving my aunt’s life? Did he order my daddy to quit CPR and let my aunt die? This doctor showed lack of leadership when everyone is expecting him to take charge of the medical crisis at hand and to maximize the odds for the best possible medical outcome.

I remember not being able to feel anything that evening. My aunt laid dead diagonally across the carpet in the children’s room when I started to understand that everyone expects me to go to sleep as usual. I hid under my blanket and wanted to die. I cried so hard. What if I had a heart attack? Would my parents and grandma follow the medical advice of the doctor, if he told them that he thinks, we should quit saving my life? Luckily, I only was 6 and no doctor would even dream about using my age as an excuse for letting me die. But, what about 80 years from now? From then onward, I wanted to become strong, innovative, energetic and knowledge to defeat death before it would inevitably kill me only about 80 years later. That is why I came to America.

The World Assembly on Ageing (1982) in Vienna recommended that social, cultural and leisure activities are necessary for the elderly and should be provided by each country. This study was motivated by an unfair situation the elderly found themselves living in, that is, a sedentary lifestyle which is prone to chronic diseases. The elderly are left out not enjoying the health significance of physical activities. Contemporary research findings have also invigorated this recommendation by concluding that exercise is medicine. In light of this philosophy, the objectives of this study were to identify right sport and exercise activities for the elderly, to examine the experiences of the elderly people in Zimbabwe and come up with solutions to sedentary lives, since it is common among the elderly to live passive lives in the comfort of their families, and as such, this age group is prone to diseases yet according to AIDS/HIV activists, these elders are the ones bearing the brunt of AIDS/HIV as guardians of orphans and vulnerable children whose parents have perished because of this deadly disease. This study employed a case study as the design method and it was a pure qualitative research which used interviews and documentary analysis as data generating instruments. The major findings of this study were that old aged people are eager and capable of doing sports and exercise, lack of infrastructural provision deters old aged people from doing sport and exercises. It is the African culture that does not motivate old people to do sport. There is lack of knowledge on benefits accrued from doing sport and exercises. The study recommends African states to take initiative to introduce sport for the old aged people. Families should be educated on benefits accrued by the elderly if they participate in sporting life style.

The anima mundi or “world soul” speaks to everyone through individual and collective dreams. The elders of our global village are invited to step up and actively listen for this pulse of the earth as one way to uncover their purpose as an elder. It is time for Earth Elders to activate, agitate, and dream us into a more globally holistic way for humans to walk the Earth Path.

The objective of this study was to critically assess and review empirical evidence on the cost-effectiveness of Mobile Health (mHealth) interventions for older adults. We systematically searched databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Literature (CINAHL) for peer-reviewed economic evaluations published in English from 2007 to 2018. We extracted data on methods and empirical evidence (costs, effects, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio) and assessed if this evidence supported the reported findings in terms of cost-effectiveness. The consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards (CHEERS) checklist was used to assess the reporting quality of the included studies. Eleven studies were identified and categorized into two groups: complex smartphone communication and simple text-based communication. Substantial heterogeneity among the studies in terms of methodological approaches and types of intervention was observed. The cost-effectivene...

Japan has experienced rapid growth during 1960-69, around 10.9%, whereas it started the development process from almost 'zero' after WWII. Since the independence of Bangladesh, the country has received a significant amount of contribution from Japan in various sectors. Japan is facing stagnation for over two decades. The economy started crippling with the collapse of stock and land prices in the mid-1980s through Bubble Economy. It slipped further due to the global financial crisis of 2008, which led to recession and deflation. For the last two decades, Bangladesh is also approaching a stable growth, around 6.5% per year, and has the ambition to achieve around 8% in the 8th five-year plan. Therefore, the study's main objective is to explore why Japan cannot increase its inflation rate at its expectable level and its way out and to find out what sorts of policy Bangladesh should take for avoiding the Japanese type of economic crisis. The study applied qualitative methodology depending on Desktop/Secondary source-based research where available documents were reviewed critically. The findings indicate that Japan had tried to raise inflation by 2% through three arrows which are popularly known as Abenomics which are quantitative and qualitative monetary easing (QQE), fiscal expansion and structural reform. This policy failed since it did not consider the context of Japan. With an increasingly ageing population and decreasing population growth rate, Japan has a unique and distinguished demographic structure that affects the supply and demand side of the economy. Therefore, Bangladesh should not adopt any economic policy without considering its very own unique characteristics.

The World Assembly on Ageing (1982) in Vienna recommended that social, cultural and leisure activities are necessary for the elderly and should be provided by each country. This study was motivated by an unfair situation the elderly found themselves living in, that is, a sedentary lifestyle which is prone to chronic diseases. The elderly are left out not enjoying the health significance of physical activities. Contemporary research findings have also invigorated this recommendation by concluding that exercise is medicine. In light of this philosophy, the objectives of this study were to identify right sport and exercise activities for the elderly, to examine the experiences of the elderly people in Zimbabwe and come up with solutions to sedentary lives, since it is common among the elderly to live passive lives in the comfort of their families, and as such, this age group is prone to diseases yet according to AIDS/HIV activists, these elders are the ones bearing the brunt of AIDS/HI...

This study investigates the level of access to healthcare among the elderly population in California. A total of 21,055 members of the adult population, ages from 18 to 65 participated in this survey. The majority of participants, about 61%, reported they are generally in good or a very good health condition compared to 39% who reported that they are in fair or very poor condition. The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate access to healthcare services among the adult population in the context of insurance status. Lack of access to healthcare services among the population is a societal and moral concern nationwide and there is a need to identify common characteristics among the targeted demographic and provide an opportunity for prevention and action.

A key aspect of old age history is the assistance to the elderly without family or poor or sick, especially during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which constitute the golden age of nursing home. Based on
this and the main historiographic problems involved, the article aims for reconstructing the existent institutions offer and the people served proportion. To do this, in the first place, it explores the possibilities
and limits of the few statistical sources available. Second, it proposes an exploratory comparison with the country inland and with the assistance to other age groups, particularly children. Both for the centrality of the historical processes involved (urban growth, impact of immigration, development of social policies) and for the sources’ consequent availability, the Buenos Aires case constitutes the research central axis.


Un aspecto clave de la historia de la vejez es el de la asistencia a los ancianos pobres, enfermos o sin familia, sobre todo durante el siglo XIX y principios del XX que constituyen la edad de oro del asilo de ancianos. Partiendo de esa constatación y de los principales problemas historiográficos involucrados, el artículo se propone como objetivo principal reconstruir la oferta de instituciones existentes y la proporción
de personas atendidas. Para ello explora, en primer lugar las posibilidades y límites de las escasas fuentes estadísticas disponibles. En segundo término, propone una comparación exploratoria con el interior del país y
con la asistencia a otros grupos de edad, en particular los niños. Tanto por la centralidad de los procesos históricos involucrados (crecimiento urbano, impacto de la inmigración, desarrollo de políticas sociales),
como por la consecuente disponibilidad de fuentes, el caso porteño constituye el eje central de la indagación.

Social and economic changes taking place in many Sub-Saharan African traditional societies have resulted in the gradual erosion and substantial break down of the traditional familial support for the elderly. In the Ada East district of Ghana, little or no information is available about the impact of demographic transition on the lives of the elderly and this necessitated the need for the study. The study employed descriptive cross sectional study design using simple random sampling technique to select the respondents. A sample of 250 respondents was used to gather data for the study. Primary data collection was basically through administered questionnaire and in-depth interviews and was analyzed using basically descriptive and inferential statistics involving mainly frequency distributions and cross tabulations. Logistic regression yielding odds ratio was also used to establish the likelihood of an outcome between certain demographic characteristics of respondents and variables under the specific objectives of the study. All statistical tests were performed using two-sided tests at the 0.05 level of significance.
It was established that there was relationship between marital status of respondents and frequency of visitors at respondents home at the study area (P >0.000). Findings again revealed that more than 85% of respondents had ever suffered one form of abuse. About 66.8% respondents’ household composed of only their immediate family while 33.2% respondents’ household structure was extended family system. The result also showed that men were 7.3 times more likely to get support from their friends, children and in-laws as compared to their female counterparts (OR =7.3; 95% CI: 0.3-1.81; P=0.041). Also, elderly people in household structure of extended family system were 9 times more likely to visit the hospital always as compared to elderly people who were living in a nuclear family system (OR =9; 95% CI: 1.4-9.4; P=0.031). Elderly who were married were 7 times more likely to rate their perceived health status as good as compared to those who were not married (OR=7; 95% CI: 13.1-10.1; P=0.005). The elderly who were educated or had any form of formal educational training before were 5 times more likely to have one form of coping strategy to improve their wellbeing as compare to those who were not educated or had no form of formal education (OR=5; 95% CI: 1.2-6.8; P=0.002).
The social and economic wellbeing of the elderly in this district is in a peril state. Some coping strategies adopted by the elderly in this area predispose them to all kinds of abuse. The Government and Non-governmental organizations should look into the viability of providing aged care homes or centers in the district to provide aged friendly health services, social services and protection while keeping them company in order to reduce the loneliness as the District Assembly also works to strengthen and expand measures to assist the aged through the livelihood empowerment against poverty program.

Koseoglu, Emine and Polat, Nihal, 2015, To Be Safe on the Streets of a Neighborhood: An Evaluation of Street Perception of Elderly City Dwellers, CUI ’15 / 3rd Contemporary Urban Issues Conference, 19-21 November 2015, in Proceedings Book (Ed. Hande Tulum), ISBN: 978-605-9207-10-2, Dakam Publishing, p.76-83, İstanbul, Turkey.



Elderly in a society, similar to disabled or children represent a group with special needs. Disadvantaged groups have different perceptions of the city and are also affected more by the problems of the urban space. Accordingly, elder-friendly city concept takes place in literature increasingly, and various researches are conducted on the subject. In this study, the
physical environment perception of citizens of over 60 years old living in Hasköy -a neighborhood in Istanbul Beyoglu district- is examined within the framework of the concept of safety. Furthermore, the tendency to benefit from the street within this scope is also discussed. As a method, a questionnaire including selected street images of the neighborhood is directed to a group consisting of men and women over 60 years old. The participants are required to assess pre-specified adjective pairs related to safety. The results are evaluated; and the perception, requirement and expectation of elderly towards their neighborhood within the chosen concept are identified. The aim of the research is to make a contribution to urban design studies using the results.

PURPOSE
The current study aimed to identify and describe the word retrieval performance of elderly bilingual Filipinos, determine the factors that may have contributed to their output, and study the errors produced in the process of word retrieval.

METHODS
A descriptive research design was used and 48 neurologically-intact elderly Filipino adults aged between 60-89 years were invited via convenience sampling to participate in the study.  The Boston Naming Test’s (BNT) standard version was utilized to measure the participants’ picture naming performance.  The Language History Questionnaire (LHQ) helped determine which language to utilize for sentence and phonemic cues. Both cue types were systematically given in order to aid word retrieval. All responses, whether correct or erroneous, were accepted in either language.  ANOVA analysis was used to determine significant differences across classified areas of breakdown and age groups.  Tests for between-subjects effects were done to determine the interactions between the two factors and their influence on the participants’ performance on the BNT.

RESULTS
An analysis of the means and percentages of the total correct responses indicated that word retrieval difficulties were present across all age groups.  While the 60-year old participants scored higher than the 70- and 80-year olds, there was no significant statistical score difference across age groups (p=.806). The varied use of Filipino and English during naming despite using L1 for cueing, the retrieval of cognates, the tendency to describe function in lieu of naming, and the weak representation of concepts in the elderly lexicon were among the several observations made.

CONCLUSION
This study did not find statistically significant differences in the word retrieval performance of older Filipinos.  Semantic access problems were minimal across all groups, and lexical access problems appeared to be congruent to the lexical hypothesis.  Occupational history and education were determined as factors in word retrieval performance.

Background: Health and social services utilisation is seen to be more closely related to age than to other socio-demographic characteristics. Many health problems are known to increase with age and this demographic trend may lead to an increase in the absolute number of health conditions in this population. However, questions are still emerging as to how the elderly seek care in response to their needs in the context of a war-torn region. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the behaviour of the elderly in seeking care during a time of conflict.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the health district Goma, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), using a multistage sampling of 500 senior citizens. Eight trained field-workers were deployed in the field where they administered a structured questionnaire.Results: The public health sector was well known and preferred by 186 participants (37.2%), but only used by 16 (3.2%) participants. Finan...

Özet Birleşmiş Milletler'in tanımına göre bir ülkedeki yaşlı nüfusun toplam nüfus içindeki oranının %8 ile %10 arasında olması o ülke nüfusunun "yaşlı", %10'un üzerinde olması ise "çok yaşlı" olduğu anlamına gelmektedir. Nüfusu yaşlanan ülkeler, aktif nüfus payının azalması ve sosyal güvenlik sistemleri sorunları yaşayabilmektedir. Mevcut çalışma, Türkiye ve AB ülkelerinde 65 yaş üstü nüfusun toplam nüfus içindeki oranlarını, yaşlı bağımlılık oranlarını, yaşlı bağımlılık oranı projeksiyonlarını ve 65 yaş üstü nüfusun işgücüne katılım oranlarını karşılaştırmayı hedeflemekledir. Sonuçlar; Türkiye'de yaşlı nüfusun toplam nüfus içindeki payının AB ülkelerine kıyasla daha düşük olduğunu ancak son 10 yılda Türkiye'nin daha hızlı bir biçimde yaşlandığını; Türkiye'nin yaşlı bağımlılık oranları bağlamında AB ülkelerinden daha düşük bir orana sahip olmasına rağmen yaşlı bağımlılık oranının daha hızlı arttığını; 50 yıllık projeksiyonlara göre yaşlı bağımlılığının Türkiye'de AB ülkelerine kıyasla daha dramatik biçimde artacağını ve son olarak da Türkiye'de yaşlıların işgücüne katılım oranlarının AB ülkelerine oranla daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaşlı nüfus, Yaşlı bağımlılık oranı, Yaşlı bağımlılık oranı projeksiyonları, Yaşlı nüfusun işgücüne katılım oranı. JEL Kodları: J11, J14. Abstract According to the definition of the United Nations, the case that the proportion of the elderly population in a country is between 8% and 10% in the total population means that the population of the country is "old" and above %10 means "very old". The aging countries may experience problems related to the decrease in the share of the active population and social security systems. The present study aims to compare; the proportion of the population aged over 65, elderly dependency ratios and projections and the labor force participation rate of the population aged 65 and older in Turkey and EU countries. It is resulted that; the share of the elderly population in Turkey is lower than in the EU countries, but in the last decade Turkey is aging more quickly than EU countries; Turkey has a lower proportion of elderly dependency ratios compare to in EU countries but elderly dependency ratios have been increasing faster in Turkey than in EU countries in the last decade. According to 50-year projections, the elderly dependency ratio will increase

Met 1000 suïcides per jaar en gemiddeld 28 suïcidepogingen per dag, treft suïcide veel mensen in Vlaanderen, waaronder ook ouderen. In vergelijking met andere leeftijdsgroepen vormen mannen boven de 70 jaar zelfs dé belangrijkste risicogroep. Toch blijft de thematiek vaak onder de oppervlakte. Het Vlaams Expertisecentrum Suïcidepreventie (VLESP) bepleit meer bespreekbaarheid en bracht met de steun van de Vlaamse Overheid adviezen en een e-learning module uit over hoe zorg-en hulpverleners ouderen met suïcidegedachten kunnen helpen.

Context: Several studies have reported the high use of inappropriate medication in the elderly, as well as the associated risks; for this reason, it has become a major health problem.

Aim: To characterize the use of potentially inappropriate medication in the elderly based on the reality observed in Santiago de Cuba.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, with a random selection that included elderly patients from the community and institutional care in Santiago de Cuba. The data were obtained by reviewing medical records and interviews with patients/caregivers. The potentially inappropriate medication was identified through the Beer’s Criteria and the Screening Tool of Older Person’s Prescriptions/ Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right; i.e., appropriate indicated treatment.

Results: There were detected 895 potentially inappropriate medications in 632 patients, which affected 81.01% of them, for an average of 1.41 problems per patient. The predominantly inappropriate medication was independent of the diagnosis, which represented 61.7% of the total detected. The most commonly used drugs or groups of drugs were oral hypoglycemic agents, β-blockers, platelet antiaggregants, psychotropic drugs, inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, nifedipine, digoxin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory.

Conclusions: There is a high use of potentially inappropriate medication in the elderly, in the health context of Santiago de Cuba, which may be an expression of the limited attention to health needs related to the use of medications in these patients.

Background: Health and social services utilisation is seen to be more closely related to age than to other socio-demographic characteristics. Many health problems are known to increase with age and this demographic trend may lead to an increase in the absolute number of health conditions in this population. However, questions are still emerging as to how the elderly seek care in response to their needs in the context of a war-torn region. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the behaviour of the elderly in seeking care during a time of conflict.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the health district Goma, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), using a multistage sampling of 500 senior citizens. Eight trained field-workers were deployed in the field where they administered a structured questionnaire.Results: The public health sector was well known and preferred by 186 participants (37.2%), but only used by 16 (3.2%) participants. Finan...

The world is witnessing a rapid demographic shift towards an aging population. People are living longer due to advances in education, technology, medicine, food distribution, and sanitary conditions.
According to the 2011 census data, Nepal had a total of 2,154,003 elderly 60 years and above which accounts for 8.1 percent of the total population of Nepal. Nepal has a total of seven provinces declared in 2015. Province 4 has the highest (11.8%) elderly and province 6 has the least (5.6%) elderly 60 years and above. The provincial government should launch some activities for the well-being of its citizens as the number will increase rapidly in the coming days as well.

The aim of this paper was to present the results of the original research comparing consumer innovativeness among young and elderly consumers using the example of the smartphone. To verify the research objective, the surveys were carried out among the representatives of Generation Y and consumers aged 60+ during the period of 2014–2016, and the PAPI technique was employed. To obtain outcomes, descriptive statistical analysis and the domain-specific innovativeness scale (DSI) were applied. The results suggest that the level of consumer innovativeness appears to be higher for the surveyed young consumers than for the elderly ones. Thus, even though consumer innovativeness seems to be an individual and innate trait, age may influence this phenomenon. The findings show that the consumer innovativeness construct can be applied for a segmentation process and appears to be useful for drawing up marketing strategies for innovative technological products, which are becoming more and more important for consumers of all ages.

The phenomenon of growth of the elderly population associated with information and communication sciences and technologies has inspired several research projects that seek alternatives to include this part of the population to this new reality. From the bibliographical survey on the state of the art, most of the studies considered the variables gender, physical situation, digital inclusion and socialization of the elderly. A study appended [20] considered the variables gaming narrative, social interaction and health condition as direct predictors of intention to use digital games, proposing a model of use and acceptance of the extended technologies. In this context, and in view of this identified gap, this research proposal seeks to identify characteristics that facilitate and / or promote the acceptance of electronic games, their use and the learning of information and communication technologies by the elderly population. These characteristics will be used as variables to be incorporated into the TAM-TPB model [19].

Elderly are often considered as a burden because of their physical limitations. The reduced cognitive function is one of the important causes for this physical limitation. Quality of sleep used to be associated with changes in cognitive function. A comparative analytic research to assess insomnia as a risk factor for the incidence of cognitive function impairment in the elderly. A case-control study in elderly community at the nursing home St.Yosef, Surabaya. Fifty respondents were taken by consecutive sampling and meeting the inclusion criteria. This study also excluded people with depression, schizophrenia, and users of psychotropic drugs. Eighty four percent of respondents have impaired cognitive function. Not much difference in percentage of insomnia disturbance in control group (37,5%) and case group (35,8%). Fisher's Exact Test show Sig.0,609 and OR=0.926 on CI [(0,194),(4,425)]. It was concluded that insomnia alone was not a risk factor for impaired cognitive modalities. Elderly exposed to sleep disorders have the same tendency to suffer cognitive impairment with unexposed.

The phenomenon of growth of the elderly population associated with information and communication sciences and technologies has inspired several research projects that seek alternatives to include this part of the population to this new reality. From the bibliographical survey on the state of the art, most of the studies considered the variables gender, physical situation, digital inclusion and socialization of the elderly. A study aconsidered the variables gaming narrative, social interaction and health condition as direct predictors of intention to use digital games, proposing a model of use and acceptance of the extended technologies. In this context, and in view of this identified gap, this research proposal seeks to identify characteristics that facilitate and/or promote the acceptance of electronic games, their use and the learning of information and communication technologies by the elderly population. These characteristics will be used as variables to be incorporated into the TAM-TPB model .

Elderly are often considered as a burden because of their physical limitations. The reduced cognitive function is one of the important causes for this physical limitation. Quality of sleep used to be associated with changes in cognitive function. A comparative analytic research to assess insomnia as a risk factor for the incidence of cognitive function impairment in the elderly. A case-control study in elderly community at the nursing home St.Yosef, Surabaya. Fifty respondents were taken by consecutive sampling and meeting the inclusion criteria. This study also excluded people with depression, schizophrenia, and users of psychotropic drugs. Eighty four percent of respondents have impaired cognitive function. Not much difference in percentage of insomnia disturbance in control group 37,5% and case group 35,8%. Fisher's Exact Test show Sig.0,609 and OR=0.926 on CI [0,194,(4,425)]. It was concluded that insomnia alone was not a risk factor for impaired cognitive modalities. Elderly exposed to sleep disorders have the same tendency to suffer cognitive impairment with unexposed.

Resumen La precaria situación económica en la vejez ha obligado a la participación laboral. Es poca la po-blación envejecida con jubilación o pensión y sí ésta tiene, en la mayoría de los casos los ingresos son insuficientes. El Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010 muestra que aproximadamente tres de cada diez personas de 60 años o más se encontraban trabajando. En esta investigación se iden-tifican y analizan los determinantes de la participación laboral mediante modelos de regresión logística sobre la probabilidad de actividad laboral. Frente a la heterogeneidad de la población, se presenta un análisis por sexo y grupos de edad. Se muestra que para hombres y mujeres el factor más importante que reduce la probabilidad de trabajo es el ingreso por jubilación o pensión. La ausencia de discapacidad incrementa la probabilidad de trabajo en los hombres, mientras que en las mujeres la variable con la mayor relación positiva es la jefatura del hogar. Palabras clave: Envejecimiento; seguridad económica; participación laboral. Abstract Determinants of Labor Force Participation of People 60+ in Mexico In the analysis of the economic status of the aged population, job and economic activity are relevant since only a few enjoy a retirement pension, albeit mostly of a meager amount. The 2010 Census of Population and Housing shows that three out of ten people 60 and over were working. This paper identifies and analyzes determinants of job participation using a logistic regression on the probability of employment. Because of heterogeneity an analysis by sex and age groups was done. The most important factor lowering the probability of work is income from a pension for both men and women. The absence of disability increases the likelihood of men working, while for women the main effect is from heading a household.

Aim: To analyze the injury characteristics of younger and older adult trauma victims.
Materials and methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational, and single-center study including both younger adult
and geriatric trauma patients. The relationships between the age groups and the number of consultations in the emergency department
(ED) were compared with analysis of covariance after adjusting for Injury Severity Score (ISS).
Results: The data consisted of 779 patients, 131 (16.8%) of whom were elderly. The intensive care unit admission rate was 7.2%. Our
results showed a significantly higher incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, fracture and/or dislocation of the femur, and fracture of the
thoracic vertebra in the elderly patients, and acute abdomen, bowel injury, and pelvic fracture in younger adults. After adjusting for ISS
and total consultations, the length of stay in the ED was significantly shorter in the elderly compared to the younger adults (115 min
vs. 132 min; F = 24.2; P < 0.0001). After controlling for ISS, the total number of consultations among the elderly was significantly lower
than that of the younger adults (2.07 ± 1.42 vs. 2.53 ± 1.44; P < 0.0001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the characteristics of seriously injured older adults admitted to our ED differ from
those of their younger counterparts.