Educational content

Despite significant amount of investment, there seems to be obstacles to technology integration in education. In order to shed light on the nature of perceived obstacles to technology integration, opinions of 117 professionals, who were selected by Turkish Ministry of National Education as experts in their respective fields, about the obstacles to integration of technology into education were investigated. After categorizing the perceived obstacles by factor analysis, associations of those categories with personal and professional differences were further investigated for better contextualizing the findings. Correlations were analyzed by Pearson's product moment coefficient and point-biserial coefficient. The results revealed that it's not the hardware itself that constitute obstacles to technology integration. Insufficiency of in-service and pre-service training, content support, and incentive system emerged as major perceived obstacles to technology integration. Inadequacy of physical and technological infrastructure was also found to be an important obstacle to successful integration. Novelty of the technologies compared to older ones were not found to be an obstacle to technology integration. Moreover, participants stressed the lack of education in teacher training institutions about current technologies that Ministry of National Education officially requires teachers to use as part of their jobs to be another important obstacle. There were no correlations between sex, age, level of education, job position, year of experience in other careers, and any of the categories of perceived obstacles. However, there was a strong negative correlation between year of experience in teaching and * Dr., Akdeniz Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi,

In the present era of knowledge explosion, adopting modern tools for teaching is one of the predominant needs of the hour. Instructional technology in the third world is changing rapidly. Knowledge packaging in electronic form is a powerful technique for teaching all subjects. ICT have become handy in class room teaching which has the potential to engage the students throughout the period and make learning easy and effective through, visual aids, animations and simulations. Therefore the technology based teaching and learning has become essential. E-content is now the most preferred solution for learning effectively, whilst the e-learning through interactive content offers unique advantage. Our focus and expertise in developing the right content for e-learning has made numerous e-learning programs successful. The qualified teacher, enthusiastic learner and the subject matter to be taught all these three major factors are essential in modern education. Further improved educational technology is more useful in the process of teaching and learning.The present experiment brings out a clear-cut idea about the effectiveness of teaching Zoology and its impact among the XII Standard students' achievement in Zoology. The present study reveals that achievement of XII Standard students in Zoology subject before treatment is low which may be due to the potential or capabilities of the students possessed. The achievement of XII Standard students in Zoologysubject after treatment is high, which may be due to the influence of E-content based teaching in Zoology subject. The analysis of data reveals that there is a significant difference found out between the pre and post achievement mean scores. It indicates that the E-contenthave much influence on the achievement of the XIII Standard students in Zoology subject.

Este es un libro producto de investigación, el cual no hubiera sido posible sin el soporte decido y solidario de mis compañeros del grupo de investigación "Tecnologías para la Academia -Proventus" del Centro de Tecnologías para la Academia de la Universidad de La Sabana y del apoyo brindado por esta Universidad para culminar con éxito mi proceso de formación Doctoral.

There are several technological investments by Turkish Ministry of Education within the scope of FATİH Project. An online learning platform called Education Information Network (EIN) was developed. Various inservice courses (IC) were held in order to support teachers to use available tools. Current descriptive study aims at describing the use and e-content development status of teachers in EIN and comparing the results in terms of various variables. 268 teachers participated in a three-dimensional questionnaire. The data were analyzed via a statistical analysis program, Jasp. Descriptive and comparative analyses were clarified and statistical outputs were compiled. EBA and e-content use and development status of teachers were revealed and differences between groups were detected. There are significant differences in the use of individual e-content, development and cooperation cases according to the branches, pre-service, and IC. E-content utilization and development status of the participants was low and that the level of individual use and assistance in the e-content usage and development processes varied in some cases according to the variables. It was concluded teachers participating in the research need to have more pre-service and IC on their own branches in the process of using and developing e-content. E-content should be developed and diversified, EIN should be easy to use for all users and there is a need for more publicity about EIN. It is suggested that the training taken before the service is diversified as content, scope and number and that IC is structured according to the branches and the frequency is increased.

Keywords: educational information network, fatih project, e-content, state of utilization, state of development

The present study analyses education policy in Slovakia and determines the role of the church in education governance and the church-state relationship in education policy. The church-state relationship is also evident in the specific constellations of the national curriculum. The study highlights the de-secularisation trend in education policy and curricula and identifies the links between religious and nationalist education content, which are largely a relic of the historical (and controversial) era of Slovak statehood building. it also analyses Ethical Education, which is a specific (and internationally unique) school subject in Slovakia that has been shaped by a particular church-state 'ideological governing form'.

Visual aesthetic is one of the major considerations in designing instructional contents. The influence of it in the process of learning leads the designers to borrow the classic and routine strategies of applying aesthetic knowledge and learners’ experience in the designing phase of electronic instructional contents. The domain of knowledge in designing educational syllabi takes alignment, contrast, proximity, and repetition as the four factors of visual aesthetic into consideration. However, the current study attempts to review the other effective visual aesthetic factors in the process of educational design which are rarely ruminated. Some of these issues which are highly of interest in artistic aesthetics are symmetry, unity, center of emphasis, composition, and harmony. The ultimate goal of this paper is to persuade the instructional designers to consider the mentioned elements in designing the components of multimedia, electronic and virtual educational systems.

Problem and goal. The development of new media, new modern IT technologies is also aimed at promoting legal content. New formats of the media sphere create new opportunities for dialogue on legal culture. The aim of the article is to study the educational potential of podcasting in the context of the formation of the human legal culture.
Materials and research methods. Methodological approaches: cultural-historical approach for revealing personality as a product of cultural development, contextual approach for understanding the role of public opinion in personality development, competence-based approach for identifying the educational process in podcasts and selecting content for the construct “legal culture”, personality-oriented approach for understanding self-developing and self-regulating personality in the process of forming a legal culture. An empirical study was carried out using the GetPodcast application on search queries for podcasts by words or phrases correlated with the theoretical construct “legal culture” in Russian and English, the time period for placing a podcast in the application was measured; the research is based on measuring, systematizing, comparing, summarizing, monitoring, interpreting the results of researching the audio content of podcasts.
Research results. In 2020, on average, more than 2.5 million episodes on legal culture in English and more than 17.5 thousand in Russian were created in the media sphere. The authors calculated that the number of podcasts by one key concept in English is on average 234 times higher than the number of podcasts in Russian, which indicates the active spread of the new format of the media sphere throughout the world, while the demand for English-language podcasts is objectively higher. The growth rate of the number of podcasts in 2020 averages 66% and 58% for Russian-speaking and English-speaking podcasts, respectively, while the growth over the past six months is higher: 97% and 72%, respectively. This can be explained by the pandemic situation and forced self-isolation, as well as digital globalization and digital competencies of the population.
Discussion and conclusion. The authors came to the conclusion that podcasts, as a new format of the media sphere, have educational potential, which must be used to a greater extent for the formation of the human legal culture. At the same time, the educational potential reveals the cognitive and epistemological interest of the listener. Podcasts form socially significant and personally necessary knowledge of a legal nature and meaning, which to a greater extent affects the condition and result of the process of forming human legal culture.

This paper examines the e-content modules of e-PG Pathshala project which is developed by MHRD Government of India under the National Mission on Education through ICT. The data were collected from e-PG Pathshala website (http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/) for this study during May 2017 and further analyzed by major subjects and sub categories of major subjects. It is found that total 15416 modules has contributed by 6 major subjects and further it found that in major subject category the Social Sciences has contributed 5917 Modules and Medical and Health Sciences contributed only 483 modules. It is suggested that the Medical and Health Science experts should come forward to contribute more e-content modules for the benefit of medical and health science students and research scholars.

The importance of critical thinking for education content is grounded in this paper. Some moments of the importance of critical thinking training are analysed. The lesson model of critical thinking training provided. Also there are described teaching and learning scheme stages: evocation, realisation of meaning, reflection, and their functions. Critical thinking importance for understanding upbringing content and practical skills forming are investigated. It is easier for pupils to connect theoretical knowledge with practical actions, because pupils start their thinking with clear general (empirical) truth, life experience and then they continue with general things (laws). Critical thinking importance is emphasised in education children and youth responsibility feeling, forming moral rules. Various material of information, provided in methods of critical thinking is better memorised, rules and values are better realised, skills and habits are forming sooner, theoretical knowledge pupils adopt easier and in more creative way. Research studies show that students who participate in cooperative learning experiences tend to earn better grades, display more enthusiasm for their chosen field, and improve their chances for graduation in that field relative to their counterparts in more traditional competitive class settings.

This paper focuses on metadata standards for networked information discovery and retrieval of educational resources. Such standards, if they achieve a high degree of interoperability, will support both extant and emergent e-learning architectures. This paper takes an historical perspective on the formative work of the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Education Working Group and explores issues remaining for future resolution. The paper also examines the relationship between Dublin Core Metadata Initiative and the IEEE Learning Technologies Standards Committee Learning Object Metadata Working Group.

Electronic education is a novel method that plays an undeniable role in education and, indeed, in higher education learning. It can be considered a strategy to boost the quality of educational systems. In the context of new educational platforms, higher education institutions and faculties have always contemplated and strived for the best and most advantageous forms of communication. On the other hand, for students as the target audience of educational systems, successful educational contents are ones to which they can best relate. The present study asks what measures can be adopted to promote and upgrade practical virtual classes and workshops in arts to realize the six functions described in Jakobson's theory of communication as one of the most comprehensive communication theories. It seeks to shed light on the strategies to boost and upgrade communications and, thus, higher efficiency in practical online classes and workshops in arts. The article explores each of the six functions of Jakobson's theory of communication. It draws on a descriptive and analytical methodology and gathers data from library documents. It bears mentioning that the study analyzes its data using qualitative analysis. Indeed, the model proposed by Jakobson can be used to interpret the process of communication between higher education institutions and faculties and the students in the academic pedagogy and, in particular, workshop and practical courses in arts. Under each function of this model, strategies can be formulated to enhance the facet at hand to improve the process of communication. The article puts forward several suggestions to boost the quality of virtual education:
1. Getting to know and paying attention to the fundamentals and principles of the new education platforms and promoting the comprehension of the embedded instruments
2. Choosing and organizing educational content, activities, and curricula according to the student needs and current educational atmosphere
3. Presenting educational material as objective and provable information in the communication process with analysis regarding the audience, purpose, and media along with online learning environments strategies and striving to enhance the educational quality of these sources
4. Taking note of interactive ideas, embracing novel forms of thinking and creating arts, actively involving experience, developing new ideas through methods like collective brainstorming
5. Presenting educational content while highlighting textual, artistic, and aesthetic features
6. Attending to the unique social and cultural relations and considering particular local and national exigencies
One can draw on Jakobson's theory to examine the six functions in any communication process. Analyses suggest that concentrating on enhancing the components discussed by Jakobson in communications and virtual education of the students will improve the process of communication and, consequently, the quality of education.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to increased efficiency and accessibility of education in the context of digitalization.
Materials and methods. In the research process, general and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: systemic, structural and functional analysis, expert assessments, analysis and comparison of statistical data obtained as a result of studying the media market.
Results and discussion. The main feature of the media market is that the actors in the media market are firms, individuals involved in the production and promotion of media content, i.e. text messages, audio, video messages, infographics and other types of content. The emphasis in the study is on the modern media market, changing under the influence of a new generation of digital technologies. It is proved that the value of digital transformation for consumers of educational content is associated with the ability to meet individual educational needs, build individual educational trajectories. Analyzed are data on monitoring the effectiveness of economic activity of EdTech companies offering educational content and working in the field of its promotion. The educational trends in the educational segment of the media market and the factors affecting their promotion are identified.
Conclusions. The study allowed concluding that there is a high demand among users of digital, accessible and high-quality educational content for all levels of education from different fields of knowledge

In this paper, we address the challenges of applying three-dimensional virtual worlds for collaborative work and learning, such as steep learning curve and the demands for computational and network resources. We developed a texture generation model utilizing stream processors that allows displaying large amount of meaningful content in virtual worlds, reducing the technical requirements and allowing convenient tools that simplify the use of the technology, and therefore, improve the negative learning curve effect. We present original methods of generating images and several tools implemented in vAcademia virtual world. A tool called Sticky Notes is presented in detail as an example. In addition, we provide the evaluation of the suggested model and the first result of the user evaluation.

Growing democratization of education by means of availability of content anytime, anywhere, innovations and use of ICT in education is manifold worldwide .India is also in efforts of to keep at par with world. Due to globalization, strong political will, patronized efforts, policy like digital India, skilling efforts and individual's startup opportunities is being created. Therefore for any work the web has been utilizes as never before. The new trends open and distance learning (ODL) making use of various web platform consequently it turn to variety of form and name like e-learning, digital learning, virtual learning, digital learning and apps based learning. This is the new global world where the world where the way of learning is changing. This article gives you a birds eye view of available online sources for learning and caters your needs in the new age of digital learning. This is the age of Gen Z (1995-2016) and this generation is vastly different from the earlier generations .They are grew up with multi touch apps, streaming music, YouTube video sharing,5+ screen interaction, social media and ephemeral data. Therefore it is necessary to know available online resources for e learning and academic perusals. The new tends in the e learning also discuss with the topics for understanding the backgrounds and tends of e-learning.

The interactive board is one of the most important developments of the educational environments today. It is used at schools especially at the Fatih Project in Turkey. The number of teacher using the interactive board is rising day by day due to the development of digital instructional objects. The interactive board has also an important role in education. The survey problem of this work can be conveyed as determination of primary/secondary/high school teachers’ knowledge and thought aimed at the interactive board. Since the interactive boards be used efficiently and rightly in education, the thoughts of teachers regarding the interactive board must be taken into consideration. So the goals of this work can be explained as follows: What is the purpose of teachers usage the interactive board?, What is the knowledge level of teachers relating to using the interactive board?, What are the thoughts of teachers relating to using the interactive board? What are some of the possible ways generating contents?  The work has carried on evaluating the scale that was applied to the teachers and searching the literature. Getting better solutions is asked by working with a trustworthy scale. The data are analyzed statistically and the solutions are explained with the charts. The teachers who are involved in this work are primary, secondary and high school teachers and they typically work at private schools.

The use of video as a teaching resource stimulates the construction of new knowledge. Although this resource exists in several genres and media, the experience of professionals that use this resource in class is not appreciated. Furthermore, online spaces guiding and supporting the appropriate use of this practice are unavailable. In the online learning field, a proposal has emerged for a repository of short videos aimed at instructing how to use them as a teaching resource in order to stimulate the exchange of ideas and experience (fostering and creating knowledge) in the teaching-learning process, which serves as a resource for professionals in the construction of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). A three-stage architecture is methodologically proposed: identification/recognition, dissemination and collaboration in the use of videos as a teaching resource supported by an extensive exploratory research, based on existing educational technologies and technological trends for high...

Purpose research is the creation of the effective didactic system of interdisciplinary knowledge of natural science courses of environmental education with special emphasis on professional orientation. The methods of the analysis, synthesis of knowledge, educational experiment and mathematical statistics and also a new methodology as the integrated approach were used for the fulfilment of the purpose. The educational experiment on the implementation of the integrated approach has shown the effective results in improving the quality of students' knowledge. The levels, goals and meaningful lines of the integrated approach to students'-environmentalists' teaching are defined. As a result of research, the concept of the integrated approach of environmental education is developed, a specific of the teaching is defined and the efficiency of the methodical system of ecologists' preparation is introduced and experimentally checked.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is caused, on the one hand, by the blogosphere’s dynamic development, and, on the other, by insufficient theoretical understanding of the blogosphere and its role in the formation of the legal culture of modern man. The purpose of the study is the identification of the educational resource of the blogosphere, its relevance, and justification of the need for its use in the formation of the individual’s legal culture.
Materials and research methods. The variety of research methodologies related to the consideration of the blogosphere’s educational resource as a factor in the formation of legal culture is due to the variety of approaches – cultural-historical, contextual, competency building, personality-centered, aimed at achieving the study goal.
Research result. As a result of monitoring the list of hashtags that we compiled, correlated with the theoretical construct "legal culture", conducted according to search queries in social networks, platforms and applications – VKontakte, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, statistics were obtained for the indicators "mention", "engagement", "sentiment", the TOP-10 hashtag rating was built. The data obtained indicates a high demand among users for legal content, legal information, and effective behavioral practices in legal situations. It is justified that interest in legal educational content in the blogosphere is associated with the current situation of people's life, characterized by variability, non-standard, uncertainty, active development of law-making practice, which involves continuous updating of legislation’s knowledge.
Discussion of results and conclusions. The media sphere is represented by many environments, one of which is the blogosphere as a dynamically developing Internet space with educational potential. This potential is significant in the formation of the legal culture of the individual, its cognitive and activity components.

Networks of pervasive display systems involving public and semi-public displays have allowed experiences to be created that span across multiple displays to achieve a stronger effect on the viewers. However, little research has been done so far on the configuration of content for multiple displays, especially when encountered in sequence in what is commonly referred to as chained displays. As a first step towards determining appropriate configuration strategies for chained displays, we have identified and investigated different approaches for configuring content. We report on a user study on the effect of the different configuration models in terms of usability and user engagement.

The goal of e-learning is to benefit from the capabilities offered by new information technology (such as remote digital communications, multimedia, internet, cell phones, teleconferences, etc.) and to enhance the security of several government organizations so as to take into considerations almost all the contents of elearning such as: information content, covering most of citizens or state firms or corporations queries. Content provides a service to provide most if not all basic and business services; content of communicative link provides the citizen and the state agencies together all the time and provides content security for all workers on this network to work in securely environment. Access to information as well is safeguarded. The main objective of this research is to build a novel multi-media security system (encrypting / decrypting
system) that will enable E-learning to exchange more secured multi-media data/information.