Economics and culture

A brand is one way to distinguish products from each other, while simplifying consumers’ decisions in choosing an appropriate product. Brand building is not just about design but also strategy, which is even more important in the process. The result of brand building is the potential to represent a certain value for the company. However, sustaining and improving a brand’s position in the market is not a simple process in the current competitive environment. Therefore, there is scope for application of new marketing strategies such as sensory marketing. Sensory marketing represents a way for companies to influence consumers’ senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste) and evoke the emotions affecting their buying behaviour and perceptions of the product or brand. The aim of the article is to provide a literature review on the issue from several foreign and domestic authors. It discusses the essence of a brand, brand value, sensory marketing and also analyses its use as a support too...

It has frequently been presumed that the ability of the Mondragón group of co-operatives to achieve a remarkable degree of trust and loyalty amongst its members while maintaining relatively bureaucratic workplaces is due to the uniquely solidaristic traits of Basque culture, implying that the same feat will be unattainable amidst less favourable cultural milieus. This article argues that, on the contrary, Mondragón’s organisational culture is embedded in its organisational structures — such as its systems of governance, education, ownership, remuneration, and inter-co-operation — and should therefore be widely applicable, even if not identically replicable, in other regions. To this effect, the article provides evidence that the key features of ‘the Mondragón Model’ have indeed been emulated elsewhere — namely in Valencia and the United States — and moreover has significant parallels around the world.

“Dirty Work: Labor, Dissatisfaction and Everyday Life in Contemporary French Literature and Culture (1975-present),” is an analysis of the representation of everyday activities – namely, of work, leisure, and consumerism – in contemporary French novels and other cultural productions. This dissertation examines how these contemporary texts use narrative, generic, and stylistic experiments to represent cynicism and dissatisfaction with everyday life as the consequences of
neoliberal capitalist ideology and instrumentalist thinking, which define “work” as labor that produces commodities and profit and “leisure” as consumerism. In this way, these cultural productions critique capitalist instrumentalism for reducing human subjectivity to embodied economic struggle. I demonstrate how these texts portray dissatisfied laborers (and unemployed people) exhausted by unfulfilling work and financial precariousness, who implicate these conditions for thwarting their pursuit of more meaningful activities – artistic creation, meaningful work, love, community-building, political action – and existential freedom. By problematizing the effects of capitalist ideology, economic inequality, and received ideas about work and art, the texts in the corpus portray THE creative work, political consciousness, and social
engagement as essential to contemporary individuals’ sense of subjective fulfillment and of belonging within French society.

The corpus of this dissertation includes a wide range of authors, from best-selling novelists to “cult” underground figures: works by controversial but popular authors Michel Houellebecq and Frédéric Beigbeder; newer literary voices Nathalie Kuperman, Gauz, and Julien Campredon; and punk and underground writers Virginie Despentes, Kriss Vilà, and Jean-Louis Costes. In addition to fiction, the corpus includes songs, zines, and journalism. I read these narratives of everyday life – literary fiction, genre fiction, subcultural fiction, and other texts – through a critical lens informed by continental and Marxist philosophy, literary theory, and the social sciences. Finally, by recuperating the texts of subcultures for scholarly study, this dissertation also sheds timely critical light on texts overlooked by scholars for up to 43 years, illuminating their aesthetic and thematic correspondences with better-known works.

Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan dengan wilayah sepanjang 3.000 mil laut berupa hamparan laut luas dari Sabang sampai Merauke yang memiliki jumlah pulau lebih dari 17.500 dengan ini menjadikan Indonesia sebagai Negara Kepulauan terbesar di dunia. Untuk mewujudkan Indonesia sebagai ‘Poros Maritim Dunia’, salah satu aktor yang penting adalah masyarakat pesisir, karena mereka yang mampu menangkap, mengelola, dan menjaga kelautan suatu negara, namun dalam hal ini potensi sumber daya alam yang melimpah di kawasan pesisir belum digarap secara optimal. Melalui implementasi MEC (Maritime Economic Culture) dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat pesisir, diharapkan mampu menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas sehingga dapat memperkuat ekonomi maritim Indonesia dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan di kancah internasional.
Tujuan dari penyusunan karya tulis ini yaitu meningkatkan kapasitas sumber daya manusia di kawasan pesisir, menciptakan inovasi terhadap pengembangan program pemberdayaan masyarakat pesisir di Indonesia, dan menjelaskan serta mendeskripsikan bahwa Indonesia mampu bersaing dengan negara lain guna menjadikan Indonesia sebagai poros maritim dunia.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik yaitu menganalisa dan mendeskripsikan implementasi MEC dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat pesisir guna menjadikan Indonesia sebagai poros maritim dunia. Data yang disajikan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui telaah pustaka yakni dengan mengumpulkan data-data seperti buku, media massa, artikel, jurnal, dan situs-situs dari internet. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah content analysis melalui data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif.
Kesimpulannya, Maritime Economic Culture (MEC) berpotensi sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kapasitas sumber daya manusia demi kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir, memiliki inovasi baru dalam implementasinya, dan dipandang mampu bersaing dengan negara lain dalam hal kemaritiman.


Kata Kunci : Maritime Economic Culture, Masyarakat Pesisir, dan Poros Maritim

The culture - economy dialectic (CED) -- the opposition of the concepts and phenomena of culture and economy -- is one of the most important ideas in the modern history of ideas. Both disciplinary boundaries and much theoretical thought in social science are strongly influenced or even determined by the CED. For that reason, a thorough analysis and evaluation of the CED is needed to improve understanding of the history of ideas in social science and the currently fashionable research on the cultural influences on economic differences between countries and regions. This thesis is an attempts to do just that. The concepts of "culture" and "economy" (and related concepts) and the (assumed) relations therebetween are compared and analyzed. Empirical results from earlier studies are summarized and some new test are presented. These new tests are partly based on a measurement of Dutch regional culture. However, most theories of the CED are (nearly) impossible to verify (empirically). There appears to be some influence of wealth on specific cultural phenomena (such as individualism and post-materialism), but the often assumed influence of culture on entrepreneurship and economic growth remains unconfirmed. Moreover, from an analysis of the theories themselves, it appears that most of these cannot be falsified and are, therefore, hardly 'scientific'. Many of the theories of the CED and, in fact, many theories of social science in general are of a conceptual rather than a causal nature. These theories cannot be falsified (or verified) by empirical means alone, but must be studied by means of conceptual analysis. In the final conclusions, this thesis, therefore, argues for conceptual analysis in -- and a more anarchist approach to -- social science.

Oblikovanje novog tržišta piva u Srbiji (tada još Srbiji i Crnoj Gori) zahtevalo je da stare fabrike prođu kroz složeni proces organizacionog restruktuiranja, a ovo je, osim tehničkih, tehnoloških i finansijskih promena, zahtevalo da se preispituju i ponovo definišu mnoge kulturne kategorije, i to ne samo one u vezi sa oblašću rada i proizvodnje, već i bazične kulturne kategorije poput prostora, vremena i ideje osobe. Otvorena je i mogućnost da se kroz ekonomsku promenu ponovo promisle pitanja odgovornosti, slobode, kreativnosti, samostalnosti, izbora, i da se ova pitanja postave u kontekst procesa promene modela modernosti, od razvijene socijalističke modernosti (kao obliku “solidne modernosti”, u terminologiji Zigmunta Baumana) ka modernosti kasnog kapitalizma, kao obliku baumanovske “fluidne modernosti” (“liquid modernity”), koji je u toku. Iz ovakve perspektive, koju primenjuju brojni antropolozi koji istražuju u postsocijalističkim društvima, proističe da će privatizacija proizvesti ne samo novi tip vlasništva i novu vrstu “biznisa”, već pre svega novi tip društvenih osoba, od kojih se očekuje da opredmećuju novi ekonomski i društveni poredak, da u njega budu uspešno “uklopljene” kako bi ga reprodukovale i kako bi bile u stanju da što duže ostanu “u igri”. 
U radu će biti analiziran primer privatizacije Pančevačke pivare, koju je 2003. godine privatizovao jedan od svetski poznatih, mada ne vodećih, proizvođača piva i osvežavajućih napitaka, turski “Efes”.

This essay explores the subject of the aversion of intellectuals to the market economy. It does so by studying a selection of Italian films of the early 1960s whose themes are centered upon the economic boom of those years. The films reviewed are Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita, Michelangelo Antonioni's L’Eclisse, Dino Risi’s Il Sorpasso, and Vittorio De Sica’s Il Boom. These films present a critical view of the market forces that are changing the economy suggesting that they favor the ascent of morally controversial human types. Nothing good for society can come out of an economy that rewards hollow or insensitive individuals, while the honest and the conscientious are dramatically left behind, the films seem to say. Comparing these films with the concomitant economic scenario reveals a contrast between the existential anxieties and moral corruption that the films emphasize, and the story that economic and statistical data tell us. This contrast may be taken to imply that the anti-market stance expressed by the films was contiguous with the radical political culture of the time, a culture that bred the film-makers themselves. However, the economic criticism that transpires from the films does not reflect a radical ideology. Instead, the films communicate a more conservative criticism of the market economy by depicting it as a threat to traditional forms of social cohesion, personal conduct, and economic stability.

In this article, we try to determine what makes a currency reform more or less likely to succeed. We focus on important currency transformations throughout history -starting from roman antiquity to 19th century currency reforms in Morocco-. We find that beyond the obvious macroeconomic reasons, the controllability of monetary production, the cultural acceptance of the new currency's traits and rules, and increasingly a degree of resistance to transnational power dynamics are key to the success of such endeavors.

Mit Hans C. Artmanns (fast) klassischer Frage 1 lässt sich ein Thema spielerisch erschließen, das die Grenzen eines Artikels oder die Kompetenz des Autors leicht überschreiten könnte. Denn die Suche nach dem Ort des Ökonomischen in der new cultural history -die Frage nach deren Verhältnis oder Nichtverhältnis -ist durch den Mangel an anerkannten Beispielstudien und gleichzeitig durch die Fülle von diffusen Bezügen und Erwartungen gekennzeichnet. Wenn man für einen Moment die Kategorien »Wirtschaft« und »Kultur« unbefragt und ungeteilt stehen lässt, dann könnte die Ökonomie mit der Frage »How much, schatzi?« gerichtet an die Kulturwissenschaft meinen: Wie hältst du es mit Preisen, Kosten, Produktionsfaktoren, mit der Allokation von knappen Mitteln? Aber sie könnte mit dieser Frage auch meinen: Wie weit bist du (Kultur) dir bewusst, dass hinter vielen deiner Begriffen nicht nur auf der metaphorischen Ebene, sondern im materiellen Sinne ökonomische Vorgänge versteckt sind? Verbergen sich nicht hinter »symbolischem« oder »sozialem« Kapital Humankapital und seine Akkumulation, liegen hinter »kulturellem Transfer« nicht Import-und Exportmärkte? Richtet ›die‹ Kulturgeschichte dieselbe Frage umgekehrt an ›die‹ Wirtschaftswissenschaft, könnte damit gemeint sein: Wieviel Kultur kannst du vertragen? Einen wie großen Raum kann die Ökonomie spannungsreichen Kategorien wie Deutung und Bedeutung, Normen und Praktiken, Hybridität und Subversion zugestehen, ohne ihren Allgemeinheitsanspruch aufzugeben? Die Kulturwissenschaft könnte mit »How much, schatzi?« nebenbei auch meinen: Für welchen Preis verkaufst du dich, Ökonomie? Unter welchen Umständen verwandelt sich akademische Wissensproduktion in instrumentelle und instrumentalisierbare Beratungsexpertise? Aber solche Fragen stellt nicht die Kulturgeschichte, sondern eher eine unorthodoxe Wirtschaftshistorikerin wie Deirdre McCloskey. 2 christoph conrad »how much, schatzi?«

Las industrias creativas son aquellas actividades que tienen su origen en la creatividad, habilidad y talento individual. Los espacios públicos pueden ser considerados como reflejo de la creatividad de la sociedad y coadyuvan a mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes de una ciudad a través de su espacio urbano. Hay una serie de iniciativas internacionales orientadas a crear espacios creativos dentro de un país, región o territorio, como es el caso de Londres, Toronto o Barcelona. En los últimos años, el interés por la creatividad y el diseño también se ha incrementado, debido a que son elementos importantes de una economía del conocimiento bien desarrollada. Tienen un impacto positivo en el bienestar de las personas, desempeño de las empresas y en la innovación. Un ejemplo de industria creativa es el diseño que sirve para mejorar la vida de las personas, además de integrar diferentes disciplinas e intereses, es una actividad económica que da valor agregado y sirve para diferenciar productos y servicios. La UNESCO y el ICSID, reconocen aquellas ciudades que se han distinguido en la aplicación del diseño como una herramienta de desarrollo, que les permita diferenciarse de otras ciudades, y mejorar su vida social, cultural y económica. México tiene una cultura a nivel mundial que es reconocida por su diversidad y riqueza, fuente de identidad y que además tiene un gran potencial si se usa como recurso. Sin embargo las industrias creativas, como el diseño, han sido relegadas de las políticas culturales cuando deberían desempeñar un papel preponderante. La aplicación del diseño puede

Tax reliefs are optional, but a very important element of the taxation system. This element is used for different purposes by a country’s government institutions. Tax reliefs are a form of tax expenditure that helps to reduce budget revenues. Tax reliefs influence individual and corporate financial behaviour and can have positive or negative effects on the economic and social factors. In the last few years, expansion of tax relief has attracted worldwide attention because of the fact that, after the global financial crisis, many countries are still suffering from fiscal deficits, and expansion of tax relief has not contributed to solving this problem. Tax reliefs are presupposed to be a fiscal policy tool of significance in various subsystems of public finances. The main aim of this article is to examine the impact of personal income tax reliefs on Lithuanian public finances. To achieve this aim, statistical information was systemized; Monte Carlo method was used to group data by ho...

" When people who are actually creating a system start to see themselves as the source of their problems, they invariably discover a new capacity to create results they truly desire. " i " Human endeavors are part of larger systems… bound by invisible fabrics of interrelated actions, which often take years to fully play out their effects on each other…. Systems thinking is a conceptual framework, a body of knowledge and tools that has been developed over the past fifty years, to make the full patterns clearer, and to help us see how to change them effectively. " ii Within a cultural context, the purpose of using a systems thinking approach is to shed light on interconnections between and within societal and natural spheres. Over the decades I have learned that museums are part of large social/economic/environmental systems and have the potential to create cultural impacts that go well beyond the museum itself. Amongst the biggest challenges for museums is the planning for and measurement of cultural outcomes within the larger world (as opposed to being focused on internal museum functions and public outputs). It is through systems thinking that museums can best realize their full value and relevance, for individuals, groups and communities that all must exist within the constraints of the biosphere. C.S Holling is one of the many architects of 'systems thinking'. Holling examined complex forest ecosystems iii to better understand relationships among the smallest levels (cellular) to the largest levels (the large forest as a whole). He studied the material and energy inputs, processes, outputs, feedback loops and more—all critical elements of a systems approach. His book Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems, offers a compelling lens for understanding how systems dynamics apply to culture as well as natural settings. iv Culture is a word that means different things, depending on the context. v In the broad sense, culture refers to how individuals and groups live their lives, over time. In a Western context, our living culture is linked to a complex set of forces and factors that currently result in our pluralistic, urbanized, and globalized reality—which happen to include the systematic degradation of the biosphere (e.g. climate change and species loss), as well as significant social

Numerous economists and analysts from all over the world have been trying to find an appropriate method to assess company health and to predict its eventual financial distress for many years. No economy is a small isolated subject, and the bankruptcy of a company can cause through its stakeholders' significant impact on the sustainable economic development. Otherwise, companies are very complicated entities, and it is not a simple task to estimate company's future development. Together with the best-known Z-Score model of bankruptcy prediction developed by Altman, numerous models worldwide that are based on different methodologies have been developed. We assume that individual state's economy has major influence on the final form of these models as well as there are several common characteristics between Slovak economy and economy of countries of Visegrad Four. Therefore, we applied chosen bankruptcy prediction models developed in countries of Visegrad Four on the set of Slovak companies and validated their prediction ability in specific condition of the Slovak economy. On the basis of the provided calculations, we compared gained results with the prediction capability of other popular prediction models also applied on the data set of Slovak companies. Through this, we pointed out the importance of the development of unique bankruptcy prediction model, which will be constructed in the specific condition of individual countries, and highlighted the weak forecasting ability of foreign models.

INDIVIDUALISM, COLLECTIVISM, AND THE WEALTH OF NATIONS: This article summarizes findings in the contemporary economic literature related to the cultural dimension of individualism-collectivism and its impact on economic growth and development. The relative economic advantages of both types of cultures are being laid out. The channels through which individualist or collectivist self-perception and cultural beliefs influence economic outcomes are most often cited to be behavioral specifics, different institutional development paths, the motivation to compete and innovate, the quality of governance, the implications for economic activity of social capital and insurance networks. As successful economic examples rooted in both types of cultures exist in the past and present, the question which culture will dominate the economic future seems to have a less obvious answer than usually assumed by Western authors in the past decades.

The following volume is a compilation of student-produced texts written over the course of a semester-long Q-Team research-based learning class at the Humboldt University of Berlin. The aim of this course was to explore the various understandings and definitions of Yugoslav culture through the prism of its representations found primarily in the archives of the German Foreign Service, compelling the students to design and carry out original research projects in line with their personal academic interests. This exercise has resulted in a series of five co-authored papers treating a multitude of topics addressing the concept of culture in the Yugoslav context, as seen through the eyes of diplomatic staff, based in majoritarily on research conducted in the political archives of the German Foreign Service.

Research purpose. The European Union recognizes the importance of information systems for improving the performance of trans-European transport network ports by promoting a set of initiatives focused on their use. The Directive 2010/65/EU obliges the provision of electronic services for the reception and treatment of declaratory acts necessary for the entry and exit of ships into the European Community and opens the way for future harmonization in the European Union of such services. The research purpose is to analyze and assess the degree of adequacy of European seaport information systems relative to the requirements of the European Directive to the availability of electronic services. Are they complying with the directive? Design / Methodology / Approach. The objective of the study was to characterize the current situation of the main European seaports regarding the impacts of the European Directive. In this sense, it was decided to construct a survey to facilitate the identifica...

Teacher is a key figure in the implementation of reforms in higher education. Pedagogical research of the professional identity (PI) of teacher, her/his priority values, self-evaluation of performances and professional knowledge and the way how she/he conceptualises the profession at an individual level can lead to the most appropriate strategies to manage the educational reforms successfully. This article presents some results of the Latvian-Russian project ‘Professional Identity of Contemporary Pedagogue’ implemented in 2014-2016 by researchers of Riga (Latvia) and Smolensk (Russia). In the realisation of project, a hypothetical model of the content of Higher Education Institution (HEI) teacher’s PI was created, and HEI teachers’ survey was carried out. In total, 198 teachers were surveyed in Riga and Smolensk. The aim of this article is to examine the relevance of the proposed model and analyse the indicators of the first two components of the model: Philosophy of the Profession ...

Human knowledge and creative potential has become one of the most important driving forces of humanity progress. In the context of the twenty-first century, in order to create a high-quality culture environment, it requires a paradigm shift in education - the transition to education, which stimulates the imagination, intuition, emotions and creative ideas and develops critical thinking. Non-formal education and the skills and knowledge gained in it is still in evaluation and recognition phase in Latvia. It is still developing; therefore, it is important to create a clear understanding of the importance and social role of non-formal cultural education. The paper aims to explore the role of non-formal cultural education in strengthening social capital as well as to identify what social capital indicators can be attributed to non-formal cultural education programmes. The topicality of the study is determined by the fact that non-formal cultural education and social capital in the conte...

Traditionally a large role has been attributed to the spread of clocks and watches in fostering a ‘modern’ awareness of time. Yet, little research is available that empirically enables signs of growing time awareness to be linked to the distribution of time-keeping devices. In this article both these phenomena are brought together using two independent sets of evidence that permit the hypothesis that clocks and watches contributed to a heightened consciousness of time to be tested. While the ownership of clocks and watches was socially skewed, highly gendered and unevenly distributed over time, time awareness – as exemplified throughout numerous court cases – was essentially none of these.

In this paper, the extended framework of the IS-MP-IA model has been tested. Since the appearance of the Romer’s (2000) model, a bulk of studies with its extensions have been published. Perhaps, the most notable amongst them were those proposed by Hsing (2004, 2013) and Giese and Wagner (2006) - which are integral part of this paper. The application of the extended Romer (2000) model to selected Central Eastern and South Eastern Europe (CESEE) countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Ukraine) shows that on an average, higher world output and lower world interest rate and inflation have positive effect on real output. A lower government consumption to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio also increases the real output. However, the insignificant government consumption implies that the Ricardian equivalence might hold in these economies. Hence, fiscal prudence is needed, and th...

The topic of organisational pathology is surprisingly absent in literature on management, especially when bearing in mind the theoretical and practical import of such questions. The intention of the author is to fill in this gap, at least partially. The paper is based on an analysis of literature and an empirical research conducted by the author. The research applied partially structured interviews as its method. These interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs and managers of various levels. They made possible the drawing of conclusions relating to conditions behind the genesis and growth of selected organisational pathologies in a situation of economic downswing. The article briefly presents the concept and influence of pathology on the functioning of an organisation. The author concentrates on the causes of the phenomenon and presents them from various perspectives. It is during times of economic downswing that an increase in unethical behaviour, including corruption, mobbing a...

Towards Tate Modern provides an interdisciplinary account of Tate’s shifting position as a national arts institution. The book examines how earlier government directives impacted on Tate, which saw the organisation refocusing its aims and resulted in it pioneering new models for working across the public and private sectors.

The decade prior to the opening of Tate Modern witnessed a changing political, economic, cultural and social landscape. As London was rebuilding its own vision, Tate re-configured its role as a public museum and gallery by engaging with the market. Tate re-imagined what a public museum and gallery can do, what it can look like and where it can be and, in doing so, responded to a new kind of audience with a larger appetite than before. Re-cast as a cultural and social forum, Tate Modern turned itself into a popular public event. This research considers how Tate Modern generated a set of new debates and what this might mean for the future role of the public museum and gallery.

Towards Tate Modern will be of particular interest to academics and students, art practitioners and policy makers working in the fields of museum studies, policy studies, cultural studies, urban studies, and political and economic history, as well as those involved in archival research. It will also engage those wishing to widen their understanding of how an institution such as Tate Modern was created.

The purpose of this book is to investigate the pre-modern economic cultures of (western) Europe with a view to elucidating how pre-capitalist and capitalist modes of economic behavior coexisted, and also how understanding pre-modern economies might assist us in coping with the problems facing the world economy today . The fundamental premise is that in past societies, the economy was inherently connected with other spheres of life: politics, power, morality . In order to demonstrate this, apart from examining the more familiar sources of economic history-legal records of various kinds, accounts, and so on-Fontaine also presents analyses of literary works, diaries, and biographical and autobiographical material . The bulk of the book is concerned with presenting a largely descriptive account

Purpose. This study aimed to explore the relationship between organisational justice and commitment and how the combined influence of organisational justice and perceived organisational support (POS) impacts on commitment. Research Methodology. Data were obtained through questionnaires administered to 124 teaching and non-teaching staff, who were conveniently selected by the researchers from Ghanaian public universities. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. Findings. The results from regression analysis of data collected showed a significant positive relationship among the dimensions of organisational justice and affective commitment. Furthermore, POS was found to moderate the relationship between organisational justice and commitment, as the effect of justice on commitment increased when POS was added to the model. Practical Implications. The present study supported the expected relationship among justice, POS and organisational commitment and implied that higher l...

Brand value building and managing is an interdisciplinary issue with serious impact on company's effective market performance. Knowing this, more and more companies try to extract the competitive advantage of a valuable brand. But there are a lot of practical restrictions that result from universal application of formulated theory without respecting national specifics and which often lead to company's activities in scope of branding and brand value measuring not being successful. This is the reason for scepticism towards the implementation of brand management activities, especially in former socialistic countries where the tradition of brand is not so developed due to the long-term application of principles of planned economy. So, the undesirable spiral mechanism is evident – domestic companies apply inconvenient methods of branding and brand value evaluation – brand value decreases – companies rather do not build and manage theirs brands – brands lose their competitive pote...

Constructive Episode. The Culture Development Fund 1983-1990 The main goal of the article is to present the first comprehensive and universal mechanism of financing of culture in Poland-state-earmarked fund, the Culture Development Fund. I present the circumstances of the birth of the idea, the creation and functioning of the Fund. This is one of the most interesting examples of cultural policy reforms in Poland-in the article I present the pros and cons of this solution. This text is part of institutional research on the organization and financing of theater in the People's Republic of Poland.

En editorial reciente, La Tercera critica propuestas como la condonación del Crédito con Aval del Estado (CAE), indicando que son inconvenientes porque promueven una cultura del no pago, y es injusto deshonrar los compromisos adquiridos al endeudarse.

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a estrutura da indústria cinematográfica brasileira e o papel das políticas públicas dirigidas ao setor no período de 1995 a 2012. O estudo identifica as empresas atuantes nos diferentes elos da cadeia produtiva - produção, distribuição e exibição - e utiliza os índices de concentração CR(4), CR(8) e o índice Hirschman-Herfindahl (HHI) para caracterizar a estrutura de mercado em cada uma das etapas do processo produtivo. Entre os resultados encontrados, destaca-se que: i) a estrutura do setor é fortemente concentrada nos três elos da cadeia produtiva; ii) a dinâmica setorial, especificamente o elo da produção, esteve fortemente relacionada às políticas públicas de apoio. Assim, o estudo conclui que, para desenvolvimento mais expressivo da indústria cinematográfica no Brasil, essas políticas devem atuar simultaneamente nas três etapas da cadeia produtiva, promovendo maior competitividade ao cinema nacional.

Research purpose. Currently, higher education institutions (HEIs) are faced with new challenges. They have to compete globally and take into account modern trends in education and science. Human capital becomes one of the most significant resources for HEI performance. The purpose of the study is to determine which factors influence human capital development at HEI. Design / Methodology / Approach. Selected human capital development factors were analyzed at Latvian HEIs. Factors including existing laws and conformity assessment procedures and requirements were considered. A survey was utilized to determine the most influential factors in human capital development at Latvian HEIs. The survey results were analyzed by implementing CATPCA to identify the most critical factors. Findings. The results show that essential elements of human capital at HEI are the pedagogical competence of the academic staff, their scientific competence, and the number of professionals from industry that are ...

In this paper, the extended framework of the IS-MP-IA model has been tested. Since the appearance of the Romer's (2000) model, a bulk of studies with its extensions have been published. Perhaps, the most notable amongst them were those proposed by Hsing (2004, 2013) and Giese and Wagner (2006)-which are integral part of this paper. The application of the extended Romer (2000) model to selected Central Eastern and South Eastern Europe (CESEE) countries

Research purpose. Traditionally used communication mix as a part of company’s marketing strategy, including advertising, sales promotion, personal sales and public relations, is gradually changing and expanding. Thanks to the development of new information-communication technologies, all these tools are constantly being transformed into the conditions of the Internet. This fact also affects consumer’s lifestyle, and thus, their buying behaviour. As a large part of consumers are almost always online via fixed internet, WIFI or within data, companies in various sectors, especially in service sector such as hotel industry, have a better opportunity to reach a specific target group with online marketing communication. The main goal of the article is to provide a literature review on online marketing communication from the viewpoint of several foreign and domestic authors, analyse its trends in hotel industry and propose measures for the efficient online marketing communication in Slovak...

Report on the economic state of the Dutch creative industries based on the methodology developed as part of the cross media monitor project, a bi-annual publication started in 2006 by iMMovator Cross Media Network. The study deals both with the creative industries and the sector information and communication technology. It distinguishes three subsectors within the creative industries: media and entertainmentindustries, arts and cultural heritage and creative business services (for instance architecture, design and advertising). ICT consists of ICT services and ICT hardware. The monitor maps the developement of jobs, number of companies, average company size, production value and added value for the period 2005-2013, nationally, in the Media Valley Region (Amsterdam - Hilversum - Utrecht) and the ten major Dutch cities. Over this period creative industries show above average job growth figures. In the most recent years 2011-2013 growth is slowing down and is in the of the media- and entertainment reversed into a slight downturn. The number of companies in creative industries has doubled over the years 2005-2013, largely due to the advent of micro companies, more specifically independently operating creative professionals officially registered as a company and a decrease in size of the bigger creative industries firms. A striking development is the combination of job growth over the period 2005-2013 with a downturn of added value of the creative industries in the most recent years. More jobs produce less value, implying a loss in productivity. ICT shows a reverse trend. The number of jobs decreased while value added has grown.

This paper discusses paradigm shifts in economic geography, relevant aspects of the history of ideas (on relations between culture and economy particularly), and the study of entrepreneurship in geography. It advocates a "demographic" approach to studying entrepreneurship (i.e. a "demography of firms").