Econiomics Research Papers

We undertook this study to determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, its determinants, and its relationships to physical performance, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration, bone mineral density, and biochemical markers of... more

We undertook this study to determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, its determinants, and its relationships to physical performance, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration, bone mineral density, and biochemical markers of bone turnover in healthy, ambulatory, pre-and postmenopausal women. Methods: The group studied included 415 women aged 24 to 77 years. Between July and September, we assessed calcium intake and measured serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, alkaline phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), PTH, osteocalcin, and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of Type I collagen. We also measured bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry in the spine and total femur. Three tests were used to assess physical performance: timed get-up-and-go test, 5-times-sit-to-stand test, and 2.4 m speed walk. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (Ͻ30 ng/mL) was 91%. In multiple logistic regression, the main determinants of hypovitaminosis D were age Ͼ55 years (OR 2.14 [95% IC, 1.1-4.1; P ϭ 0.026)], wearing a veil [OR 2 (95% IC, 1.1-4; P ϭ 0.04)], time spent outdoors less than 30 min/d [OR 2.8 (95% IC: 1.4-5.7; P ϭ 0.003)], and daily calcium intake less than 700 mg [OR 2.39 (95% IC, 1.2-4.7; P Ͻ 0.01)]. A significant inverse correlation between 25 OH and osteocalcin (r ϭ Ϫ0,18, P Ͻ 0001), 25 OH, and Type I collagen (r ϭ Ϫ0,15, P ϭ 0003) were observed. By Locally Weighted Regression and Scatterplot Smoothing technique, there was an increase in PTH level when S-25(OH)D was below 30 ng/mL. After adjustment for age, both spine BMD and total femoral BMD failed to show any significant correlation with serum 25(OH)D and PTH. There was no correlation between any physical performance tests and 25(OH)D levels. Conclusions: Our study showed that during the summer season, vitamin D insufficiency is very common in healthy adult Moroccan women. Lack of sun exposure and veiled clothing style were the most important factors that influenced hypovitaminosis D. Patients with hypovitaminosis D had a high bone turnover, whereas there was no effect on BMD and physical performance. Further research is needed to evaluate the clinical impact of the above findings.

“The most basic law of economics is that one cannot get something for nothing”. On my path to understand the economics of choices I came across some checkpoints which I will explain by the means of specific example and then I will try to... more

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- by Ayush Singh
- •
- 8
  Economics, Microeconomics, Applied Microeconomics, Oil and gas

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- by akia alban
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- 3
  Applied Econometrics, Econiomics, Croissance éConomique

Balochistan has the largest area under fruits in Pakistan as nearly one million tons of fruits are annually produced from 0.23 million hectares and production is 32.6 percent. Mastung district of Balochistan province is the centre of... more

Balochistan has the largest area under fruits in Pakistan as nearly one million tons of fruits are annually produced
from 0.23 million hectares and production is 32.6 percent. Mastung district of Balochistan province is the centre
of apple production on Pakistan’s. Mastung has over other apple producing regions is the ability to produce
highly colored apples due to the cool evening temperatures in late summer and the fall combined with good light
diffusion. Farming experience of Apple growers up to 10 years; they had 41.66%, 11-20 years of apple farming
experience had 13.33%, 21-30 years of apple farming experience possessed 25.00% of apple farming. Similarly,
farmers with more than 30 years of apple farming experience had 20.00% of apple farming. An average per acre
apple growers spent for rent of land Rs. 42800.00 in district Mastung Balochistan during the 2013. the Rs.
19351.50 on an average per/acre area of labour input which includes Rs. 1322.00 on Irrigation, Thinning Rs.
1761.33, Weeding Rs. 700.00, Chemicals /Spray trees Rs. 672.96, soaking Rs.613.58, Machine operating costs
Rs. 5600.00, Paint trees Rs. 954.00, Application of FYM, Rs. 689.88, picked fruit/Cutting/ harvesting, Rs.
1897.02 and Miscellaneous Rs. 5140.73 respectively in the study area. that each selected apple grower of
Mastung on an average per acre of apple spent a sum of Rs. 34771.00 that included Rs. 4471.42, Rs. 4133.45,
and Rs. 5250.00 Rs. 8457.65 Rs.3871.42 Rs. 5239.83 Rs. 2114.45 and Rs. 1233.83 on Irrigate: (water) , F.Y.M,
Fertilizer/ Urea, Insecticide/Pesticides, Packing Material, Fuel - Diesel , Spray machine , Machinery repair
respectively. the selected apple grower in Mustang Balochistan area on average per acre spent a total cost of
production of Rs. 120094.84 during 2013 this included Rs. 42800.00, 21690.58, Rs.34771.00 and Rs. 20834.26
on fixed cost, labour costs marketing costs respectively on capital inputs. Apple growers in Mastung Balochistan
area on revenue per acre earned of Rs. 268800.00 that obtained by the grower of apple. An average per acre
earned during study, Rs. 148705.00 on net income, Rs. 268800.00 on gross income and Rs. 120094.58 on total
expenditure in the Mastung Balochistan. the selected apple growers on an net income per acre earned Rs.
148705.00 and total expenditure Rs. 120094.58 in Mastung Balochistan area therefore they availed input output
ratio of 1:1.23 from apple growing in the study area.
Keywords: Apple, cost, fruit yield, labor, net returns, and cost-benefit ratio.

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- by Shoaib Wagan and +1
  Sanaullah Noonari
- •
- 3
  Development Economics, Agricultural Economics, Econiomics

-Producción de arándanos en el Perú-
Efectos en el mercado nacional con relación al periodo comprendido entre los años 2012 y 2017

Resumen Históricamente, y hasta el día de hoy, las ciencias económicas han basado sus teorías en un paradigma en el que los tomadores de decisiones realizan sus elecciones en un marco de racionalidad. La sumatoria de errores notorios y... more

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- by Gustavo Adamovsky
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- 12
  Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Economics, Homo Economicus, Economy

AUTOR: ÁNGELO ROBERTO TÓMALA MORA RESUMEN El presente trabajo trata de la cultura empresarial en estudiantes universitarios ya que en los objetivos de la educación superior debe estar el desarrollo de capacidades, adquiriendo competencias... more

AUTOR: ÁNGELO ROBERTO TÓMALA MORA RESUMEN El presente trabajo trata de la cultura empresarial en estudiantes universitarios ya que en los objetivos de la educación superior debe estar el desarrollo de capacidades, adquiriendo competencias necesarias para promover, a lo largo de toda la vida, la creatividad, la flexibilidad, la capacidad de adaptación y la habilidad para aprender a emprender, ya que la creación de empresas representa una de las bases de progreso más relevantes de la sociedad actual; estas surgen siempre acompañadas de la figura de una o más personas que mediantes esfuerzo, empuje y creatividad constituyen un valor importante en el proceso de creación de riqueza. Palabras claves Estrategias: conjunto de tácticas o serie de acciones muy meditadas, encaminadas hacia un fin determinado. Ambigüedad: comportamiento, hecho, palabra o expresión que puede entenderse o interpretarse de diversas maneras, es usada para referir duda, vacilación e incertidumbre ante algo o alguien. Innovación: es la introducción de nuevos productos y servicios, nuevos procesos, nuevas fuentes de abastecimiento y cambios que introduce novedades. ABSTRACT The present work deals with the corporate culture in university students since the objectives of higher education must be the development of capacities, acquiring the necessary competences to promote, throughout the life, the creativity, the flexibility, the capacity of Adaptation and the ability to learn to undertake, since the creation of companies represents one of the most relevant bases of progress of the current society; These arise always accompanied by the figure of one or more people who through effort, push and creativity constitute an important value in the process of wealth creation Key words Strategies: set of tactics or series of actions well thought out, directed towards a determined purpose. Ambiguity: behavior, fact, word or expression that can be understood or interpreted in various ways, is used to refer to doubt, hesitation and uncertainty before something or someone. Innovation: is the introduction of new products and services, new processes, new sources of supply and changes that introduces novelties.

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- by Marcelo Yere
- •
- 2
  Econiomics, Ingenieria en Gestion Empresarial

Econiomics

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