Ecological Design

A common ground is emerging for social and cultural studies of design. Design history is exploring the socially constructed and networked nature of our material surroundings; at the same time, STS is investigating design as the interface between humans and technology. This common ground is particularly interesting where it intersects with the rapidly growing fields of environmental history and environmental humanities. Today, environmental concerns, especially issues of sustainability, are essential parameters in all design practices. However, this ‘green revolution’ is a glaringly white spot on the design historical map, still awaiting its scholarly historicization. Historical understanding of, and critical reflection on, the rise of sustainability as the primordial trope in design discourse is essential to building a solid knowledge base and to underpin present and future decision-making. This article will argue for the urgency of charting this terrain, and call for design history, design studies, STS and environmental history to join forces in the pioneering efforts at studying histories of sustainable design.

Permakültür Bahçeleri, hayal gücünüzü harekete geçirerek, permakültürün en temel mesajını okurlara ulaştırıyor: Doğaya karşı değil onunla birlikte çalışırsak daha güzel, daha bereketli ve daha bağışlayıcı bahçeler yaratabiliriz. Toby Hemenway’in gösterdiği gibi işbirliği içinde çalışabilen ve;
Toprağın verimliliğini ve yapısını geliştirmek ve korumak,
Peyzajın içinde suyu yakalamak ve sudan tasarruf etmek,
Faydalı böcekler, hayvanlar ve insanlar için habitat sağlamak,
Mevsimsel meyveler, yemişler ve diğer gıdalar üreten yenebilir bir “orman” yaratmak
gibi çeşitli işlevler üstlenen bitkileri topluluklar şeklinde bir araya getirerek arka bahçenizde bir ekosistem yaratmak hem kolay hem de tatmin edici bir uğraştır.
Bu gözden geçirilmiş ve güncellenmiş baskıya, yetiştirme alanları çok kısıtlı olan kentte ya da banliyöde yaşayan insanlar için özel olarak tasarlanmış, kentsel permakültür üzerine yeni bir bölüm de eklenmiştir. Elinizdeki bahçe ya da tarla ne büyüklükte olursa olsun permakültürün temel ilkelerini uygulayarak orayı daha çeşitli, daha doğal, daha üretken ve daha güzel hale getirebilirsiniz.

“Permakültür Bahçeleri kesinlikle bugüne kadar yazılmış en iyi permakültür kitabı ve bugüne kadar yazılmış en iyi bahçıvanlık kitabı olmaya da aday. Herkesin kütüphanesinde bulunmalı.
Sharon Astyk
Depletion and Abundance: Life on the New Home Front’un yazarı

“Dünyaya geldiğimizde bize bir kullanma kılavuzu vermedikleri için arada bir bazı bilge kişilerin kılavuzlar yazması büyük bir hizmet.  Permakültür Bahçeleri  bunların en önemlilerinden biri ve geleceğin dünyası için kesinlikle ihtiyaç duyacağımız bir kitap.”
Bill McKibben
Deep Economy ve Hope, Human and Wild’ın yazarı

“Toby Hemenway’in Permakültür Bahçeleri adlı eseri uygulama ile vizyonerliği birleştiren, insanların rakibi değil parçası olduğu ekosistemleri güçlendirmek ve hayatta tutmak için Yeryüzü’nün simbiyotik topluluklarının doğal zekâsını kullanan bahçıvanlar ve peyzajcılar için tarihi bir dönüm noktası. Doğa ile uyum içinde nasıl yaşayabileceğimizi ve böyle yaşamak zorunda olduğumuzu gösteren muhteşem bir eser!”
Paul Stamets
Mycellium Running: How Mushrooms Can Help Save the World’ün yazarı

“Permakültür bahçeleri artık geleceğe dair hayaller değiller. Buradalar ve yaşıyorlar. Permakültür Bahçeleri  evlerinin bahçesini sağlıklı, sürüdürülebilir ve şifalı hale getirmek isteyen herkes için aydınlatıcı ve mutlaka okunması gereken bir kaynak.”
Robert Kourik
Designing and Maintaining Your Edible Lanscape—Naturally’nin yazarı

Savruk bir tüketici değil sürdürülebilir bir üretici olun. Bu muhteşem kitap size bunu nasıl yapcağınızı, harika arka bahçe ekosistemleri yaratmada ve geliştirmekte yardımcı olarak gösteriyor. Bu kitaptaki bilgileri uygulayın ve hem kendi topluluğunuzu hem de daha ötesini olumlu yönde değiştirecek bir örnek olmaya başlayın. En güzeli de bu kitapla bunu yapmanın çok kolay, ilginç ve eğlenceli olması.
Brad Lanchaster
Rainwater Harvesting  for Drylands and Beyond’un yazarı

Permakültür Bahçeleri’nde o kadar büyük bir bilgelik var ki hakkını vermek için bir düzine köşe yazısı yazmam gerek. Cesur, etkileyici, doğayı kucaklayan ve tamamen mantıklı bir gelecek vizyonu.
Justin Siskin
Los Angeles Daily News yazarı

This research essay examines the target audience’s profile and preferences for the development of the garment brand Gaia & Dubos, which creates and produces ecological and ethical high-end garments for women in the province of Quebec, and explores the best environmental and ethical practice to establish a sustainable fashion enterprise. The research methods for this project combine a literature review, an online survey and four individual interviews with the target audience in an attempt to answer the research questions: (1) Who is the target audience (demographics, values, lifestyle and habits)? (2) What are the target audience’s preferences when it comes to ecological and ethical clothing? (3) What is the best environmental and ethical practice for a clothing brand?

By accepting periodic flood as an unavoidable circumstance, urban communities in eastern Pampanga can adapt to flood flows from the Pampanga River better during high-intensity storms by creating a more ecologically-resilient multi-equilibria system of adaptation. A typical solution is to apply engineering solutions to flooding, resulting in a forced state of equilibrium that is ill-adapted to the changing forces of nature. By understanding the dichotomous theory of urban resilience to floods, strategies can be formed to assess and plan a more adaptive flood hazard management framework. To operationalize the theory, an estimation of storm-water and riparian alluvial flow is developed to understand the volumetric capacity of floodwaters natural floodplains need to accommodate flooding. The rational method of computing runoff is applied to the major watershed forming the flood-prone Pampanga River, determining the percentage of floodable area and moving ecological equilibria. This creates a better understanding of the distribution of flood by providing a baseline for the future planning of mitigation and adaptation urban strategies to flooding such as providing vegetated buffer zones, no build zones, and ground to building floor height.

Das Design wird gerne als Paradebeispiel einer Gestaltung aufgefasst, die transformierend in natürliche wie soziale Wirklichkeiten eingreift, eine unmittelbare Umgestaltung der Wirklichkeit leistet, während künstlerischen Praktiken gerne – gerade in Entgegensetzung zum Design – eine vermitteltes Reflexionsverhältnis zur Wirklichkeit attestiert wird und weniger ein wirklichkeitsveränderndes Verhältnis. Ich versuchen zu zeigen, dass dem Design neben dieser transformierenden Seite auch eine Wirklichkeit reflektierende Seite zukommt und wie diese beiden Dimensionen des Designs zusammenhängen. Hierzu konzentriere ich mich auf Formen des Designs, die sich gegenwärtig durch die Betrachtung der Dinge nach ökologischen Gesichtspunkten entwickeln. Vor diesem Hintergrund mache ich schließlich einen kurzen Vorschlag, wie dieses Designverständnis auch für das Verständnis der Kunst fruchtbar gemacht werden kann.

Despite growing interest, rhetoric and research on ecological design in landscape architecture, practitioners in the US are not implementing as many ecological design strategies as might be expected. To better understand this phenomenon, the Green Building Practice Survey (GBPS) was carried out among landscape architects practicing varying degrees of ecological design to determine: (1) the frequency of use of common ecological design landscape strategies; (2) the obstacles and challenges that contribute to non-use; (3) significant characteristics of the firms; and (4) methods of project delivery. Phase I of the Green Building Practice Study, an online survey undertaken in association with the American Society of Landscape Architects, measured ecological design strategy use, identified unique characteristics of US ecological design practice in landscape architecture, and quantitatively revealed many challenges and constraints that practitioners face as they try to implement strategies. Phase II of the study, discussed in a separate publication, targeted a representative sample of 44 respondents with standard-questionnaire phone interviews to elucidate methods and techniques of ecological design practice. The study revealed high-frequency use of native plants, local materials, and site protection strategies; while use of green roofs, on-site wastewater treatment and material life-cycle analysis was quite low among the respondents. Commonly cited challenges were: issues of cost; lack of information, testing and data on performance of strategies; time available for research; and resistance by project stakeholders, other consultants and code officials. The results of this study highlight a strong need for research demonstrating the economic and performance advantages of ecological design; strengthened information dissemination forums for practitioners; and marketing and education efforts directed to all project stakeholders. This paper will present the survey results, relate them to similar studies in allied fields, discuss strategy use and challenges within the framework of Classical Diffusion Theory, and identify opportunities and forums where the challenges might be addressed.

The paper presents proper criteria for ecological housing estates, relating to the lanscape. The main thesis of article is that: housing estate can be regarded truly ecological if it is
friendly for the landscape. Hierarchical criteria are: location, spatial structure, functional structure, architectural form and ecological technologies. All criteria are described in detailed conditions, concerning relations between landscape and development. Landscape architecture approach (focused
on holistic view on spatial structures) is good way to evaluate of planned and existing ecological urban structures.

Tematem artykułu są kryteria, jakie powinny spełniać osiedla ekologiczne wobec krajobrazu. Założeniem wyjściowym jest teza, iż aby osiedle mogło być uznane za w pełni ekologiczne,
musi być także przyjazne wobec krajobrazu. Przedstawione kryteria uporządkowane hierarchicznie to: lokalizacja, struktura przestrzenna, struktura funkcjonalna, forma architektoniczna i technologie ekologiczne. Każde z kryteriów zostało rozpisane na szczegółowe warunki wpływające na relacje pomiędzy ekologiczną zabudową a krajobrazem. Ujęcie architektoniczno - krajobrazowe, zorientowane na holistyczne procesy w przestrzeni, jest w tym wypadku szczególnie pomocne przy ocenie planowanych i istniejących układów urbanistycznych.

The recent rapid increase in human population over the last two hundred years has raised concerns that humans are beginning to overpopulate our planet, while the available natural resources may not be able to sustain present or larger numbers of humans. However, the industrial revolution has contributed to the development of humans it led to a population shift from rural villages to urban cities and megacities. This population shift has created new problems that didn’t exist before, challenging to maintain a sustainable living. The rapid growth of cities is due to the need to build new homes and provide services for inhabitants of these cities but with much less knowledge of the downsides on the environment, which led to the increase of harmful gas emissions in the air with unprecedented amounts that are now threatening our healthy living. Therefore, the need to develop a new kind of technology that is able to produce less emissions or in fact zero-emissions production is imperative to stop climate change and it became a global challenge to all architects in the past decade, not only to provide more healthy environment to all living beings but also preserve natural resource for future generations. However, the ultimate challenge is to construct buildings that can also restore the damage caused by previous generations and other industries.
This research has a large goal to spur fundamental shifts in thinking and practice in sustainable architecture to improve human life and reduce environmental degradation. This is an ambitious aim that is difficult to achieve yet one reality is evident: Biological Technologies are the key. While the past century was dominated by the flow of information, and advances in physics, electronics and communication, this coming era is considered to be the biological and nanotechnological revolution
Biological NanoArchitecture focuses on biotechnology and nanotechnology use in architecture; mimicking a natural bio system in the building process through the use of nanotechnology, to create a distinctive trend of architecture that is in harmony with the environment and embedded in nature. This new trend of architecture will solve economic issues, provide more human comfort and restores a healthy environment not only for the building users but also for greater society.

Extensive literature, research and projects are dedicated to identifying solutions for coastal communities in Australia to achieve long lasting sustainability, and to be resilient against extreme hazards and natural disaster events, climate change impacts, and pressures of urban growth. Yet there is very little recognition of design and planning processes that consider the principles of regenerative or sustainable design as part of adaptive planning, pushing the boundaries of climate change adaptation beyond the standard practice narrative. The aim of this paper is to address this issue, identifying the principles of a regenerative-adaptation process, and testing this at six key coastal locations along the Victorian coast. The paper conclude that we as humans in shaping the places where we live can contribute to the positive growth of the natural environment through applying Regenerative-Adaptive Design, as such assisting in regenerate the natural sources around our coastal settleme...

Interactive Institute, Sweden '3Ecologies' makes visible factors affecting the sustainability of consumer products. Within engineering and economics, there are a variety of models for analyzing and 'predicting' the environmental factors such as energy, emissions and waste involved during production, consumption and disposal. We develop an expanded model, which emphasizes human impact and choices as well as potential consequences and futures. Psychological, sociological and environmental factors are mapped over timethroughout the lifespan (production, purchase, use, and disposal) and the extended lifecycle(s) of products. Case studies of familiar products in everyday life are developed to demonstrate the conceptual model, and three applications are proposed to reach designers, consumers and the general public. 3Ecologies uses diagrams and narratives to visualize the history and possible futures of products, including natural disintegration, active recycling and unexpected adaptations-an alternative view upon the 'life' of things that we might ordinarily take for granted.

This paper explores various integrative frameworks that are contributing to anemerging transdisciplinary meta-perspective on sustainable development. It proposes a holistic/integral strategy based on scale-linking design for human and planetary health: First, ‘Integral Theory’, ‘Spiral Dynamics’ and ‘IntegralEcology’ are briefly reviewed as dynamic mapping methodologies to structure,facilitate and mediate between diverse value systems and perspectives of multiple stakeholders and disciplines. Changes in worldview, value system, andintentionality are crucial to the emergence of a sustainable civilization. Second,design is described as a transdisciplinary integrator and facilitator of informeddecision making in the face of uncertainty. Design for systemic health cancatalyse the sustainability transition. Third, the paper outlines how complexitytheory, combined with a holistic conception of health, informs a scale-linkingapproach to sustainable design. Systemic health is a scale-linking, emergent property of healthy interactions and relationships within complex dynamicsystems. The health of human beings, societies, ecosystems and the planetarylife support system is fundamentally interconnected and interdependent.Sustainability, as a process of community-based learning, is expressed throughdesign that is informed by ecological principles and adapted to local, regionaland global limits and opportunities. In general, sustainable design is synergetic,symbiotic, scale-linking, salutogenic and sacred. There is a need to integrateecological, social, cultural, economic and psychological (spiritual)considerations into a flexible and responsive strategy to facilitate thesustainability transition. Design for human and planetary health requires atransdisciplinary dialogue aiming for appropriate solutions and community-basedvisions of sustainability.
Keywords: scale-linking design, complexity, integral ecology, salutogenicdesign, transdisciplinary integration, health, sustainable civilization, vision

Contemporary challenges of climate change, population growth, resource scarcity, and environmental decline prompt designers to envision new relationships between nature and culture. Infrastructure design and adaptation are key to addressing theses issues. This article argues for the formulation of a landscape approach that integrates biotic and abiotic systems to envision more dynamic interactions among infrastructure, ecology, and urbanism. Conceptualized as cyborg landscapes, this approach embraces notions of change, adaptation, and feedback to create hybrid infrastructures of human and non-human systems, of living and non-living entities, across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Three examples illustrate that the profession is already (knowingly or unknowingly) working within this framework. Designed as co-dependent socioecological networks, these projects transform and choreograph landscape processes across multiple spatial and temporal scales. They promote an aesthetic that is predicated on relationships between dynamic things and systems. By stressing co-evolutionary processes between human agency and ecological systems, cyborg landscapes aspire to create multifunctional landscapes that do not simply operate in the present, but learn from experiences in order to adapt and grow smarter.

Livestock is the largest driver of landscape change in the world, depleting land and water resources, negatively impacting biodiversity and contributing significantly to climate change. Though the environmental impact of livestock farming has been well documented, the role of the fence in shaping the form and function of livestock production landscapes deserves more attention. The evolution of fencing technology from wooden post to barbed wire has transformed vast swaths of the American landscape, facilitating agricultural intensification at the cost of ecological fragmentation. Emerging technologies in virtual fencing offer the opportunity to subvert this paradigm by electronically corralling and moving livestock via GPS-enabled collars. This article places the application of virtual fencing technologies within design discourse and outlines untapped opportunities for design intervention. The first section comprises a survey of historical and contemporary fencing technologies, highlighting the economic drivers and ecological consequences of innovation. The second section explores the emergence of sustainable ranching systems and virtual fencing technology. Finally, a speculative design proposal considers the potential of responsive fencing technologies to reformat grazing landscapes for adaptation and ecological production. The environmental impact of livestock farming has been well documented, yet, the role of the fence in shaping the form and functioning of livestock

In 1968 Robert Smithson wrote: "The 'pastoral,' it seems, is outmoded. The gardens of history are being replaced by sites of time." 1 Yet the pastoral landscape, with its bucolic imagery and its associated discourse of nature as a redemptive force, remains firmly rooted in the popular imagination and still operates as a default mode in landscape design. From its ancient origins, the pastoral ideal evolved into a uniquely american response to the accelerating pace of industrialization in the mid-nineteenth century, 2 becoming the dominant aesthetic for the design of the expanding public landscape of america's cities. But if the development of the pastoral aesthetic expressed our conflicted relationship to technology and industrialization at a particular moment in history, the current process of deindustrialization calls forth a parallel question: Is there a new landscape aesthetic emerging from industrial ruins? How, in this postindustrial age, do we reimagine our relationship to nature, technology, and landscape? This is the question posed by duisburg-nord, the work of the landscape architects latz + Partner, which opened in 1994 on the site of the former Thyssen steelworks in the northern Ruhr district of Germany. 3 The park has received much attention for its sensitivity in retaining the site's strong industrial presence. The sense of decay has remained intact, vivid, and sometimes surreal. But unlike many other projects on former industrial sites which celebrate the architecture of production, at duisburg-nord it is the industrial 210 e L I S S A r O S e n B e r G landscape that is brought into focus. not only does the design of the park play on the visual and spatial drama of the blast furnace itself-with its immense chimneys, gantries, and subterranean spaces-but, perhaps more provocatively, it takes as its subject the complex site surrounding the plant which, at first glance, appears as a chaotic landscape of rail lines, slag heaps, and volunteer species.

The Transition Design Symposium at Dartington Hall was a resounding success. A wonderfully diverse group of practitioners, academics and cultural creatives gathered at Dartington, from June 17th to 19th, to explore the role of design in the societal transition towards sustainability and beyond. Terry Irwin, herself a graduate of the MSc. in Holistic Science in 2003-04 and now the head of Carnegie Mellon's prestigious School of Design, and Gideon Kossoff, who administered the Holistic Science Masters during its first 10 years, clearly sounded a note that attracted cultural change agents from all over the world to come together in exploration of change within and through design. Over one hundred people gathered from as far away as Australia, Japan, India, Taiwan and Brazil to be part of what promises to turn into an impulse that will both transform design academia from within, and perhaps more importantly, help to inspire a new generation of design practitioners in service to the great transition humanity is called to make. In the face of the converging crises of climate change, resource depletion, environmental degradation, and unacceptable economic inequality and suffering-particularly in the global South-designers everywhere are called to assume a deeper responsibility for the impacts of their work. Designers are finally stepping up to the challenge that David Orr so aptly described in The Nature of Design. We are challenged to " redesign the human presence on Earth. " This task falls not just upon design professionals and academics, but asks all of us to become more aware of our co-creative agency and the way our actions and inactions contribute to bringing forth a word in conversation and by design. Ecological design pioneers John Todd and Nancy Jack-Todd have told us for decades that " we are all designers " , called upon to co-create " elegant solutions carefully adapted to the uniqueness of place ". With the outstanding leadership of Terry Irwin at the internationally recognized Carnegie Mellon School of Design taking these messages to the heart of the design profession, necessary changes within design academia will be greatly accelerated. Finally, designers are beginning to be educated to become active catalysts of transition. The transformative agency of design is beginning to transform design institutions, design as a discipline, and the way design impacts society at large. ...

This paper is the complementary, written component for my Masters Thesis in Ecological Design thinking. The documentary can be found on Vimeo - https://vimeo.com/147702609.

The thesis was an attempt to try and complement both rational and irrational ways of thinking. Allowing theory to be practised with real world experiences within Wilderness.

Designed by means of a unique participatory process within the frameworks of William McDonough's "Hannover Principles" and the United Nations Agenda 21, Kronsberg was planned as a model sustainable urban district for 15,000 people as a demonstration project for EXPO 2000, a World's Fair hosted by the city of Hannover, Germany. 1 The central concept for this ecologically designed and energy self-sufficient moderate to high density community is the notion of "The City as Garden." In 2009, eleven years after the first residents first moved in, two of five planned neighborhoods have been built, providing housing, schools, shops, places of worship and recreational facilities as well as a variety of green open spaces for some 6600 residents.

There are a myriad of problems confronting society in the 21st century (Starke and Mastny, 2010) that threaten the possibility of a sustainable future, in which both design and business are implicated. Understanding the complex, interdependent nature of these problems is fundamental to creating sustainable business models and design solutions.

One of the major premises of this thesis is that fragmentary thinking is an obstacle to sustainability and reductive attitudes towards knowledge cannot address problems associated with complex ecological systems, or social and economic systems for that matter. Responding to this dilemma, this project uses a whole systems approach facilitated by visual communication. Ecological literacy (EL) is a powerful concept developed by sustainability educators that has the potential to create an integrated foundation for understanding environmental problems and potential solutions. Unfortunately, ecological literacy has largely failed to spread across disciplinary boundaries in the two decades since the concept was first conceived. To address this problem this project will create learning processes for ecological literacy facilitated by visual communications with a focus on audiences in the design industry and design education. This research serves to synthesise different traditions while producing new visual displays and transformative learning processes. It aims to help learners develop new cognitive and social capacities including the agency to put new ideas and values into practice.

Quantum theory, complexity theory, and ecosystems theory, along with anthropogenic climate change and ecosystem collapses are confronting humanity with insights that will crucially inform the re-design of products, processes, services and institutions in order to catalyse the transition towards a sustainable human civilization. In a fundamentally interconnected and unpredictable world, where local actions have global consequences, the intentionality behind science and design needs to shift from aiming to increase prediction, control and manipulation of nature as a resource, to a transdisciplinary cooperation in the process of learning how to participate appropriately and sustainably in Nature.

In Japanese architecture tradition, the concept of multilayered building envelope with soft boundaries, allowing occupancy environmental control; constitute design strategies where the integration of micro-local ecosystems may be identifiable. The intermediate space is referred simultaneously as an inherent condition of traditional Japanese architecture and is being progressively reclaimed as an essential environmental control element to sustainable building design. However, the reference to a singular Japanese architectural tradition is an abstraction, as it encompasses several different styles and typologies. Even the adoption of vernacular models to the formulation of japan-ness in the beginning of the 20th century, collides with the variables present in the multitude of rural minka styles.
Therefore, it can be asked: which materials, motives, textures and patterns constitute the skin and structure of Japanese vernacular architecture? What boundary patterns are observed in minka typologies?
The present research aims to examine the role of intermediate spaces and the usage of different porosity material patterns in building’s envelope boundaries, in minka architecture, identifying local typologies and its responsiveness to micro-local conditions. It is intended to visualize how these patterns change in space and to clarify how its soft boundaries are subject to local adaptation, and ecosystem integration.

In the third stage of a two-decade vision for a sustainable mixed-use village, DFJ Architects has combined an industrial material palette, the subtropical landscape and shared facilities to create a hub with characteristics bound to Byron Bay.

A partir de una revisión de literatura especializada publicada entre 1970 y 1991, se caracteriza y analiza el término "tecnologías apropiadas", su vinculación con el medio ambiente y el papel que juegan en una estrategia de desarrollo y en la política tecnológica que se ha dado en México.

Ecology of Building Materials is considered as a reference work. In many cases it is used as a basic source for education, research and development work in public institutions, in schools and universities. The revision primarily consisted of integrating additional material, updating and corrections.

The Ecology of Building Materials explores key questions surrounding sustainability of building materials. It provides technical data to enable design and building professionals to choose the most appropriate materials for a project: those that are least polluting, most energy efficient, and from sustainable sources. The book also gives information and guidance on a wide range of issues such as recycling, detailing for increased durability and Life Cycle Analysis. Berge's book,
translated from the Norwegian by Chris Butters and Filip Henley, offers safe and environmentally friendly material options. It provides an essential and easy-to-use reference guide to this complex subject for the building industry professional.

Prof. Hassan Fathy was a noted Egyptian architect who pioneered appropriate technologies for buildings in Egypt. He worked to reestablish the use of traditional building methods and materials. He primarily applied a working knowledge of ancient architectural and town design techniques within the contemporary economic situation of rural Egypt. At times, he trained local inhabitants to make their own materials and build their own buildings. Climatic conditions, public health considerations, and ancient craft skills shaped his design vocabulary. Based on requirements of hot arid regions, Prof. Fathy incorporated elaborate passive environmental control techniques that met physical, cultural and economical challenges.

This research examines the 21st century’s future urban planning theories and in this context future housing projects and housing models. In the beginning of the 20th  century, İstanbul city  first planned by the French planner Henri Prost seen as modernization project. His projects have left permanent marks in the city over the a century including H. Prost period and post-Prost era. The city has changed and transformed as an Metropolitan city within the years with the mass migrations by making housing problem more complicated. The city centers overpopulated with migrations, the city started to sprawl out of the city periphery to the green areas, woods, forests, lakes, water basins, etc. with new housing projects. In the late 20th century, new urban planning theories emerged with the climatic concerns like green urbanism and eco-design which is radically began to transform the cities recently.  Although Istanbul has changed and developed over the years with the problems, the future models are seen  solution to these problems. By the 21st century new urban-scale projects planned in İstanbul accordance ecological and innovative urban theories to design the future cities;  the sustainable or eco-cities in natural urban eco-system in K. Çekmece region and an urban-scale a gentrification project of old industrial zone in Kartal by parametric architecture. These projects planned  by the worlds leading architects ; Zaha Hadid and Ken Yeang.

The following paper contains introductory information about Sustainable production and Consumption and the basic concepts around it, including cleaner production, eco-eficiency and Factor-4 Production. The common goal of the main environmental crisis we are facing is the unsustainable consumption; therefore the global dialogue about sustainability is a clear identification of the growing need for a change in the course of our unsustainable growth as it is breaking the link of economic growth and environmental and social degradation. In keeping with this framing, policy definitions of sustainable consumption can be loosely described as ‗doing more with less'. That is, individuals should be able to meet their own consumption needs whilst also taking the environmental impacts of their actions into account. There is an increasing search for insights and instruments that might help facilitate a change towards more sustainable consumption patterns in developed and developing countries alike. Most previous policy proposals can, roughly, be classified as either value based or behaviour based solutions. There was a prioritization of the oriented goals raised by LatinAmerican and Caribbean Iniciative (ILAC) for Sustainable development from the point of view of a strategy of Sustainable production and consumption. Among the high priority identified areas we find energy, cleaner production, the water supply, river basin management, environmental education and foment of public-private associations for the conservation and use of natural resources. On the key environmental issues of our day, progress depends on enabling people to act together. The campaign I will if you will sets out how a significant shift towards more sustainable lifestyles is possible and positive all round. It is possible to make sustainable habits and choices easier to take up, by drawing on insights about consumer behaviour and using people's preferences for purchasing shortcuts, and what we call the trend towards ‗choice editing'. Besides Public Education and the initial diffusion programs, it is important to continue with the provision of information along the project that will help answer the questions/demands of the public. There are some motivations and obstacles for the reconversion to cleaner technologies in Colombia. It is obvious that the economic recession and the political uncertainty of the country augment the risk of inversion, and the position of competivity and low liquidity of Colombian industries force the entrepreneur to be totally cautious. But, the initial question to estimate risk will always be: If I don´t do this investment or this change in the process How much do I loose? The paper finally discusses some of the challenges most of the Colombian enterprises are facing in this topic of sustainable production and consumption.

In 1908 Vienna has been the capital from which the modern architecture movement in Europe had been initiated. Adolf Loosèssay "Ornament und Verbrechen" (Ornament and Crime) called the avant-gardists to a more "civilised" and cultured method of architectural design, beyond every ornament and decoration. Loos wanted even the streets to glow like white walls. In 1968 Vienna becomes again the stage for an architectural appeal. A naked painter stands up and shouts: "Los vom Loos" meaning "Loose Loos") representing the voice of human conscience against the over rationalisation of the built environment and destruction of the natural habitat.

The rising global consciousness of environmental degradation brings with it an opportunity to rethink current practices in cultural sectors. In the performing arts, many design methods have little regard for their environmental impact, and are largely unsustainable. This paper will discuss the application of ecological design for performance, with a focus on The Living Stage; a project that explores the potential of ecological strategies to influence the creative process, and deliver new modes of artistic expression. A centrepiece of the 2013 Castlemaine State Festival (Australia), The Living Stage combined stage design, permaculture and community engagement to create a recyclable, biodegradable and edible performance space. The paper has been written to accompany a film on The Living Stage and reveals how the project was achieved through the application of Sim Van der Ryn and Stuart Cowen’s ecological design principles. Moving beyond recycling and efficiency, this enquiry poses a more radical question: ‘Can we create designs that not only enrich our audience, but our community and environment as well?’

To see film: http://vimeo.com/117488908