E Voting

The act of voting is one of the most representative of Democracy, being widely recognized as a fundamental right of citizens. The method of voting has been the subject of many studies and improvements over time. The introduction of electronic voting or e-voting demands the fulfillment of several requirements in order to maintain the security levels of the paper ballot method and the degree of trust people place in the voting process. The ability to meet those requirements has been called into question by several authors. This exploratory research aims to identify what factors influence voters' confidence in e-voting systems. A case study was conducted in an organization where such a system has been used in several elections. A total of 51 e-voters were interviewed. The factors that were found are presented and discussed, and proposals for future work are suggested.

In 2008 the first Swiss canton introduced internet voting for expatriates, thus initiating the second phase in Switzerland’s piecemeal i-voting roll-out. More cantons soon followed, and as of this writing expatriates from 12 out of the 26 cantons can vote online. This paper focuses on the second phase involving expatriates. We address three questions at the core of the internet voting research agenda. First, the popularity question: to what extent do expatriates make use of the new online channel? Second, the ‘who’ question: what is the profile of the typical expatriate i-voter? Finally, the turnout question: did the extension of internet voting to the expatriates have an effect on electoral mobilization? Our findings indicate that the online channel is very popular among expatriates, both if compared to other trials in Switzerland itself and internationally. On the other hand, known patterns regarding the profile of i-voters and the effect on mobilization seem to be also replicated...

In this study, we reviewed biometric template protection schemes in subsisting literature and established that there is no reliable, efficacious and foolproof technique that assures diversity, revocability, security and optimal performance as is required of an ideal biometric template security scheme. This status of affairs motivated us to contrivance an approach that derives biometric encryption keys from biometric fingerprint templates. The technique we proposed involves a two-step enrollment and authentication of fingerprints while encrypting fingerprint templates with encryption keys derived from other biometric fingerprint templates before archiving them to a database. The system was implemented using Java, developed on Netbeans 8.0 IDE, MySQL RDBMS was used for back-end database and utilized Source AFIS java library framework for fingerprint verification and identification. Test results were carried out to determine the system's efficacy.

Kitle iletişim araçlarının gelişmesiyle birlikte günümüz dünyasında insanlar dijital bir evrende yaşarlar. Dijitalleşme ile anlık olarak bilgi akışı sağlanmakta, insanlar birbiriyle iletişim kurmakta, düşüncelerini özellikle sosyal medya aracılığıyla geniş kitlelere ulaştırmakta, çevrimiçi platformlarda eğitim almakta ve daha birçok yönüyle fayda elde etmektedirler. Çoğu zaman bu dijital evrenin olumlu yanları öne çıkarılsa da insan hayatını ve yönetim şekillerini -özelde demokrasiyi derinden etkileyen olumsuz yanları göz ardı edilmektedir. Kitle iletişim araçlarının ve internetin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte demokratik kurumlar, kamusal alan ve siyasal süreçler, önemli dönüşümlere uğramışlardır. Bu dönüşüm sürecinde sosyal medya, kamusal alan olarak görülmüş ve post-truth (hakikat ötesi, alternatif gerçek, nitelikli yalan) ve popülizm gibi yeni siyaset yapma biçimleri ön plana
çıkmıştır. Bu da demokrasiyi zayıflatmıştır. Bu çalışma, dijitalleşmenin demokrasiler üzerindeki etkilerini analiz ederek demokrasinin dijital çağda bir kriz içinde olduğunu savunmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmanın amacı, demokrasinin krizine yol açtığı düşünülen ana dinamikleri analiz etmek ve dijital iletişim sistemlerindeki gelişmelerin bu dinamikleri nasıl şekillendirdiğini ortaya koymaya
çalışmaktır. Araştırma sorusu, “kitlesel iletişim araçlarının hızla geliştiği dijital çağda demokrasinin bir kriz içinde olup olmadığı” üzerine odaklanmakta ve demokrasinin dijitalleşmenin etkisiyle karşı karşıya kaldığı zorlukları irdelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Çalışma, eleştirel kuram yöntemiyle şekillendirilmiştir.
Bu yöntem ile demokrasinin dijitalleşme sürecinde karşılaştığı krizler ve dijital araçların bu krizleri nasıl derinleştirdiği eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla analiz edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Araştırmada, isegoria ve parrhesia ilkeleri ile demokrasi arasındaki ilişkinin sorgulanmasının ardından demokratik kurumların değişen rolleri, kamusal alanın çözülüşü ve sosyal medyanın siyasal süreçlere etkisi detaylı şekilde ele alınacaktır. Sonuç olarak dijital çağda demokrasinin bir kriz içinde olduğu öne
sürülmüş ve bu krizin, demokrasiye özgü parrhesia (doğruyu söyleme cesareti) ilkesinin yeniden benimsenmesiyle aşılabileceği savunulmuştur.

Experience shows that the best technology is not always adopted. In the security arena no technology has to stand a harder challenge or has higher consequences for changing society by failure than voting technology. Best technology in voting is defined by accuracy, security, and integrity. But trust prescribes what technology we use. In practice, voting technology choices are driven by what people are politically comfortable with or by initiatives administrators can take trying out technology someone has made for them. This paper analyses how this kind of "trust" plays out: its influencers and consequences, such as a negative trust-legitimacy-participationincentive loop. The paper then lays out problems that developers of improved systems face. The analysis is underscored by examples, especially drawing from issues faced by a recent experiment on the implementation of multiple voting systems in parallel. CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing → Voting / election technologies; • Humancentered computing → User studies;

A transition to democratic rule is considered the first step down a long road towards Libya’s recovery and prosperity. Thus, it strives to improve the country’s elections by introducing new technologies. A blockchain is a distributed ledger that is characterised by independence and security. Therefore, it has been widely applied in various fields ranging from credit encryption and digital currency. With the development of internet technology, electronic voting (E-voting) systems have been greatly popularised. However, they suffer from various security threats, which create a sense of distrust among existing systems. Integrating blockchain with online elections is a promising trend, which could lead to make an election transparent, immutable, reliable, and more secure. In this paper, we present a literature review and a case analysis of blockchain technology. Moreover, a framework for an E-voting system based on blockchain is proposed. The methodology is adopted on the basis of three...

Voting is a very important issue which can be beneficial in term of choosing the right leader in an election. A good leader can bring prosperity to a country and also can lead the country in the right direction every time. However, elections are surrounds with ballot forgery, coercion and multiple voting issues. Moreover, while giving votes, a person has to wait in a long queue and it is a very time consuming process. Blockchain is a distributed database in which data are shared with the participant of the node and each participant holds the same copy of the data. Blockchain has properties like distributed, pseudonymous, data integrity etc. In the paper, a fully decentralized evoting system based on blockchain technology is proposed. This protocol utilizes smart contract into the evoting system to deal with security issues, accuracy and voters privacy during the vote. The protocol results in a transparent, non editable and independently verifiable procedure that discards all the int...

Electoral processes using electronic devices allow voters to cast electronically. Devices such as personal computers, Direct Record Machines (DRE) voting machines, and smartcards, among others, in conjunction with private nets or the Internet have been the main tools to implement electronic voting systems (e-voting). Some years ago, mobile devices had not been considered due to their storage restrictions and low computational power; however, nowadays the technology in these devices has advanced and it is possible to implement complicated applications that offer security services such as confidentiality and authentication. In this paper, a reliable and efficient e-voting system for Android Smartphone is implemented. The e-voting proposed herein is composed of three entities: the authentication server (AS), the voting server (VS) and the voter (V) which runs on an Android Smartphone. Two short messages, between V and AS, are necessary to generate an electronic ballot. In order to cast...

Several countries have been researching digital voting methods in order to overcome the challenges of paper balloting and physical voting. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has compelled the remote implementation of existing systems and procedures. Online voting will ultimately become the norm just like unified payments interface (UPI) payments and online banking. With digital voting or electronic voting (e-voting) a small bug can cause massive vote rigging. E-voting must be honest, exact, safe, and simple. E-voting is vulnerable to malware, which can disrupt servers. Blockchain's end-to-end validation solves these problems. Three smart contracts-voter, candidate, and voting-are employed. The problem of fraudulent actions is addressed using vote coins. Vote coins indicate voter status. Sidechain technology complements blockchain. Sidechains improve blockchain functionality by performing operations outside of blockchains and delivering the results to the mainchain. Thus, storing the encrypted vote on the sidechain and using the decrypted result on the mainchain reduces cost. Building access control policies to grant only authorized users' access to the votes for counting is made simpler by this authorization paradigm. Results of the approach depict the proposed e-voting system improves system security against replay attacks and reduces the processing cost as well as processing time.

Creating an online electronic voting system that meets all legal requirements of election organizers and voters has constituted a real challenge for a long period of time. Permissioned Blockchains (also called Private Blockchains) are a cutting-edge invention, introduced as a security breakthrough for many existing and emerging technologies. One potential application of private Blockchain concerns e-voting systems. We propose a fully-decentralized e-voting system based on permissioned Blockchain, called DABSTERS in e-voting. Our system uses a blinded signature consensus algorithm, which is a modified version of Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), to preserve voter's privacy. Our protocol ensures several security properties: voter's eligibility, vote integrity, vote secrecy, fairness, receipt freeness, individual and universal verifiability.

This study systematically reviews 25 research articles on e-voting implementation across five Asian countries: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Philippines. The review explores the challenges faced in e-voting implementation by these countries. It conducts a thematic analysis of the reviewed studies to identify the themes. The review reveals that e-voting in the five Asian countries confronts significant implementation challenges. These are challenges in system security, electoral integrity, and public trust. The study identifies a critical need for advanced technological solutions such as blockchain and biometric verification to enhance e-voting system reliability. However, such reliability requires building public trust, ensuring secure technology, and establishing clear rules and guidelines by policymakers to address the challenges and establish a trustworthy electoral system.

This paperdescribes thedesignofasupervised, verifiable voting protocols uitable foru se for elections in the state of Victoria, Australia.W e provide a brief overview of thes tyle and nature of thee lections held in Victoriaa nd associated challenges.O ur protocol,b ased on Prêt à Voter, presents a new ballot overprinting front-endd esign,w hich assists the voteri nc ompletingt he potentially complex ballot. We also present and analyze a series of modifications to the backend that will enable it to handle the large number of candidates, , with rankings inglet ransferablev ote(STV), whichs omeV ictoriane lections require. We conclude with a threat analysis of the scheme and a discussion on the impactofthe modifications on theintegrity and privacy assumptions of Prêt àVoter.

A transition to democratic rule is considered the first step down a long road towards Libya’s recovery and prosperity. Thus, it strives to improve the country’s elections by introducing new technologies. A blockchain is a distributed ledger that is characterised by independence and security. Therefore, it has been widely applied in various fields ranging from credit encryption and digital currency. With the development of internet technology, electronic voting (E-voting) systems have been greatly popularised. However, they suffer from various security threats, which create a sense of distrust among existing systems. Integrating blockchain with online elections is a promising trend, which could lead to make an election transparent, immutable, reliable, and more secure. In this paper, we present a literature review and a case analysis of blockchain technology. Moreover, a framework for an E-voting system based on blockchain is proposed. The methodology is adopted on the basis of three...

Nigeria's Electoral Act 2022 legitimises the use of technology in different aspects of the electoral process. The steady increase in technology adoption in the electoral process continued in 2023, after successful pilots in the Anambra, Ekiti, and Osun state elections. This article investigates how technology has been deployed to conduct elections in Nigeria, comparing it to other jurisdictions, notably Estonia. This study adopts a qualitative case study approach, synthesising expert views and reviews from the available literature, official documents, and press releases to produce emergent themes. The article considers the emerging legal, regulatory, and technical concerns from both a scholarly and industry perspective. The article also examines potential risks, such as reliability issues, cybersecurity concerns, gaps in technological capability, information governance and data protection concerns.

Significant global challenges related to persistent economic crises, local conflicts and continuous waves of refugees being displaced from their countries of origin are affecting secure access to and completion of people’s voting rights. The relevant technological solutions appear to have matured and have successfully responded to rigorous testing, however, there are still doubts as to the success of these e-democracy solutions in complex political environments. Since the late 1940s, Palestinians have been scattered across the world thus creating particular challenges relating to the democratic process for this diaspora community. In an effort to address this issue, the Palestinian Authority has started its e-government project since 2001 but at the current time, the project has failed to deliver its objectives. This study is using a mixed method research methodology for the purpose of obtaining rich interpretive insights to understand the above-mentioned particular phenomenon, by c...

Significant global challenges related to persistent economic crises, local conflicts and continuous waves of refugees being displaced from their countries of origin are affecting secure access to and completion of people’s voting rights. The relevant technological solutions appear to have matured and have successfully responded to rigorous testing, however, there are still doubts as to the success of these e-democracy solutions in complex political environments. Since the late 1940s, Palestinians have been scattered across the world thus creating particular challenges relating to the democratic process for this diaspora community. In an effort to address this issue, the Palestinian Authority has started its e-government project since 2001 but at the current time, the project has failed to deliver its objectives. This study is using a mixed method research methodology for the purpose of obtaining rich interpretive insights to understand the above-mentioned particular phenomenon, by c...

e-Glasovanje u radu je definirano prema Oostveen i Besselaar (2004:61) koji definiraju internet glasovanje (ili elektroničko glasovanje, online glasovanje) kao „način glasovanja koji koristi enkripciju kako bi omogućio glasaču sigurno i tajno glasovanje putem interneta“. Ovaj oblik glasovanja prije svega je praktičan zbog toga što omogućuje glasovanje bez odlaska na tradicionalno biralište, a obzirom da se odvija putem interneta, neki autori predviđaju mogućnost veće izlaznosti i političke participacije mladih kao dobne skupine koja se svakodnevno koristi računalnom tehnologijom i internetom (Mellon et al., 2016) i pokazuje relativno nisku razinu izlaznosti na političke izbore (Allan et al., 2012; Dictson i Ray, 2000 prema Besselaar i Oostveen, 2004). Cilj rada je na uzorku od 133 ispitanika u dobi od 18-25 godina kvantitativno tj. putem online ankete i koristeći teorijsku podlogu Modela prihvaćanja novih tehnologija, Teorije difuzije inovacija, Ujedinjene teorije prihvaćanja i kori...

We thank Josep Reniu for his comments. This paper is based in part on a presentation Alvarez provided as part of "Democracia Electoral: Hacia Una Nueva Agenda", Instituto Electoral Veracruzano: Xalapa, MX, October 16, 2009. Alvarez thanks Alfonso Ayala and Nathanial Persily for their comments about the presentation, and workshop participants for their questions and comments. Alvarez also thanks the Carnegie Corporation of New York, John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, and the Pew Charitable Trusts for their support of the research discussed in this paper.

Data is an important thing as a base of an analytic or a hypothesis for concluding participant vote data in the Indonesian General Election. The data needs to be processed and secured, so the integrity of the data is in good condition. It also needs to protect the participant voting rights, so the information is correctly displayed. The research problems include creating a system that protects the integrity of election data and creating a system that protects election rights for each voter. Based on the problems, this research discusses a blockchain-based electronic voting information system that would secure the integrity of data and also protecting the participant voting rights in a General Election. The system uses Ethereum as a blockchain with Solidity as a programming language to build a smart contract and is built in Microsoft Windows platform. In this research, consortium blockchain and biometric fingerprint authentication are used as a problem-solving method, and waterfall s...

Many e-voting techniques have been proposed but not widely used in reality. One of the problems associated with most existing e-voting techniques is the lack of transparency, leading to a failure to deliver voter assurance. In this work, we propose a transparent, auditable, stepwise verifiable, viewable, and mutual restraining e-voting protocol that exploits the existing multi-party political dynamics such as in the US. The new e-voting protocol consists of three original technical contributions-universal verifiable voting vector, forward and backward mutual lock voting, and in-process check and enforcement-that, along with a public real time bulletin board, resolves the apparent conflicts in voting such as anonymity vs. accountability and privacy vs. verifiability. Especially, the trust is split equally among tallying authorities who have conflicting interests and will technically restrain each other. The voting and tallying processes are transparent/viewable to anyone, which allow any voter to visually verify that his vote is indeed counted and also allow any third party to audit the tally, thus, enabling open and fair election. Depending on the voting environment, our interactive protocol is suitable for small groups where interaction is encouraged, while the non-interactive protocol allows large groups to vote without interaction.

This article presents the findings of a comparative study about citizen attitudes towards e-government services, which was conducted in the Northern and Southern Nicosia Municipalities in Cyprus. The study is important and valuable first due to the fact that Cyprus is a small island, a topic which received limited attention in e-government research. Second, Nicosia remains the world's last divided capital city, and e-government comparisons in divided capital cities are even rarer. The results show that both municipalities were rated poorly in terms of efficiency, transparency, and vision. The models also indicate that the development of e-government practices affect e-voting, perceived e-government benefits and organizational agility positively in both cases. Nepotism was found to negatively affect the development of e-government practices in the North, whereas human rights and social media have a positive effect. E-government practices affected the dissemination of democratic b...

Linkable ring signatures is a useful cryptographic tool for constructing applications such as ones relative to electronic voting (e-voting), digital cashes (e-cashes) as well as cloud computing. Equipped with linkable ring signatures, e-voting, e-cash systems can simultaneously enjoy the privacy and the unreusability properties thanks to the anonymity and the linkability of linkable ring signatures. Likewise, cloud servers can enjoy a privacy-preserving ability, a flexible access control and an efficient security management with linkable ring signatures. Moreover, linkable ring signatures built in the identity-based setting would help to remove the expense of using the conventional public key infrastructure and also could be applied to the user management. This primitive hence would be suitable for huge-scale applications. In this paper, we present the first identity-based linkable ring signatures (IdLRS) in both integer lattice and ideal lattice setting. The proposed IdLRS is proved secure in the random oracle model and based on the hardness of the short integer solution and ring short integer solution assumption. We also implement the proposed idLRS as a proof of concept and then do some experiments to evaluate the running times and the sizes. INDEX TERMS Identity-based linkable ring signatures, e-voting, e-cash, cloud computing, lattices.

Linkable ring signatures is a useful cryptographic tool for constructing applications such as ones relative to electronic voting (e-voting), digital cashes (e-cashes) as well as cloud computing. Equipped with linkable ring signatures, e-voting, e-cash systems can simultaneously enjoy the privacy and the unreusability properties thanks to the anonymity and the linkability of linkable ring signatures. Likewise, cloud servers can enjoy a privacy-preserving ability, a flexible access control and an efficient security management with linkable ring signatures. Moreover, linkable ring signatures built in the identity-based setting would help to remove the expense of using the conventional public key infrastructure and also could be applied to the user management. This primitive hence would be suitable for huge-scale applications. In this paper, we present the first identity-based linkable ring signatures (IdLRS) in both integer lattice and ideal lattice setting. The proposed IdLRS is proved secure in the random oracle model and based on the hardness of the short integer solution and ring short integer solution assumption. We also implement the proposed idLRS as a proof of concept and then do some experiments to evaluate the running times and the sizes. INDEX TERMS Identity-based linkable ring signatures, e-voting, e-cash, cloud computing, lattices.

Two issues that have significantly impeded the widespread adoption and acceptance of modern e-voting solutions are the lack of an intuitive user interface and the inability to formally verify the results. This paper presents the findings of an extensive analysis of public opinion on usability and verifiability in e-voting. Based on these results it describes a novel e-voting system called DualVote, which couples the strength of electronic voting with the traditional pen and paper user interface (UI). An evaluation of the proposed system is also presented, which demonstrates a high level of usability by comparison to other E-Voting solutions.

Mature democracies increasingly confront the dilemma of apathetic citizens who have become disenchanted with traditional channels of participation in democratic governance procedures. In representative democracies in particular, this apathy is exemplified by falling voter turnouts, party memberships and participation in community association. To counter apathy, e-governance techniques including e-voting which is a crucial process in democracies, have been deployed by varied governments in mature democracies, leveraging the pervasive power of the Internet, particularly during elections. In this paper, the significant success story of French Presidential Elections in early 2007 is narrated and examined through the historiographical lens. Specifically, the process of this election, seemingly orchestrated via the Internet, is appraised as a valid benchmarking anti-apathy approach of e-governance, to enable better citizen participation, in this representative democracy.

Despite years of research, many existing e-voting systems do not adequately protect voting privacy. In most cases, such systems only achieve "immediate privacy", that is, they only protect voting privacy against today's adversaries, but not against a future adversary, who may possess better attack technologies like new cryptanalysis algorithms and/or quantum computers. Previous attempts at providing long-term voting privacy (dubbed "everlasting privacy" in the literature) often require additional trusts in parties that do not need to be trusted for immediate privacy. In this paper, we present a framework of adversary models regarding e-voting systems, and analyze possible threats to voting privacy under each model. Based on our analysis, we argue that secret-sharing based voting protocols offer a more natural and elegant privacy-preserving solution than their encryption-based counterparts. We thus design and implement Koinonia, a voting system that provides long-term privacy against powerful adversaries and enables anyone to verify that each ballot is well-formed and the tallying is done correctly. Our experiments show that Koinonia protects voting privacy with a reasonable performance.

Apathetic citizens disenchanted with conventional channels of participation in democratic processes are a predicament for mature representative democracies, as it reflects in the depleting voter turnouts in elections and participation in community associations. Recognising the reverberations of this apathy on governance, economies ostensibly search for anti apathy approaches. Recently E-governance using the pervasive power of the internet/Web 2.0, during the election has been instrumental for democratic engagement. We considered Australia and France, applying a historiographical view exploring the pre-election scenarios, attempting to evaluate the use of the Internet/Web 2.0 as valid benchmarking anti-apathy approaches of e-governance, to facilitate citizen participation.

Digital voting is used to support group decision-making in a variety of contexts ranging from politics to mundane everyday collaboration, and the rise in popularity of digital voting has provided an opportunity to re-envision voting as a social tool that better serves democracy. A key design goal for any group decisionmaking system is the promotion of participation, yet there is little research that explores how the features of digital voting systems themselves can be shaped to configure participation appropriately. In this paper we propose a framework that explores the design space of digital voting from the perspective of participation. We ground our discussion in the design of a social media polling tool called Bal-lotShare; a first instantiation of our proposed framework designed to facilitate the study of decision-making practices in a workplace environment. Across five weeks, participants created and took part in non-standard polls relating to events and other spontaneous group decisions. Following interviews with participants we identified significant drivers and limitations of individual and collective participation in the voting process: social visibility, social inclusion, commitment and delegation, accountability, influence and privacy.

espanolEste articulo analiza la influencia de la incorporacion de tecnologias de votacion sobre el resultado de las elecciones. Se presentan los resultados de un analisis cuasiexperimental de los comicios provinciales y locales en los municipios de Charata y Villa Angela de la provincia de Chaco en 2015, midiendo el efecto del sistema de Boleta Voto Electronico (BVE) sobre el resultado de las distintas categorias de votos. Se observa que el diseno del mecanismo utilizado para la emision de los sufragios no es inocuo o neutral y cualquier cambio en la forma de votar tendra un impacto sobre los patrones de votos y, como consecuencia, en el resultado de los comicios EnglishThis article analyzes the effect of e-vote technologies on electoral results. It presents the results of cuasi-experimental analyses of provincial and municipal elections in Charata and Villa Angela, Chaco, in 2015, measuring the effect of the Electronic Voting System (EVS) on the results for different races. We show...

This article analyzes the effect of e-vote technologies on electoral results. It presents the results of cuasi-experimental analyses of provincial and municipal elections in Charata and Villa Angela, Chaco, in 2015, measuring the effect of the Electronic Voting System (EVS) on the results for different races. We show that the design of the device used to vote is not neutral and that any change in the vote system has affects vote characteristics and, in consequence, the result of the election.

Proses pemilihan menjadi sangat penting dalam menentukan hasil yang diinginkan bagi para pemilih. Proses pemilihan sering terhambat dengan berbagai masalah salah satunya adalah proses pengumpulan dan penghitungan kembali suara yang membutuhkan waktu. Untuk itu perlu sebuah sarana yang dapat memfasilitasi proses pemilihan tersebut sehingga dapat memberikan hasil yang cepat dan akurat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membangun sebuah sistem yang dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi para mahasiswa Fakultas Teknologi Informasi UNAI dalam menjalankan proses demokrasi untuk memilih ketua Himpunan Mahasiswa. Sistem tersebut dirancang berbasis web sehingga akan lebih memudahkan dalam proses pengambilan, penghitungan suara hingga pengumuman pemenang yang terpilih. Metode yang digunakan dalam membangun sistem ini adalah menggunakan metode SDLC dengan model Waterfall yang terdiri dari tahapan-tahapan Analisis, Desain, Implementasi dan Pemeliharaan. Hasil dari rancang bangun sistem ini dapat digunakan dalam memilih pasangan ketua dan wakil ketua Himpuan Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknologi Informasi UNAI. Proses pemilihan dapat berjalan lebih tertib, teratur dan lebih cepat terutama dalam penghitungan suara pemilih serta pengumuman pemenang karena dilakukan melalui sistem. Diharapkan kedepannya sistem ini dapat dikembangkan dan diterapkan untuk proses pemilihan yang lain serta dapat dibuat pada platform yang lain. Kata-kata kunci: pemilihan, e-voting, himpunan mahasiswa, web desain.

Data is an important thing as a base of an analytic or a hypothesis for concluding participant vote data in the Indonesian General Election. The data needs to be processed and secured, so the integrity of the data is in good condition. It also needs to protect the participant voting rights, so the information is correctly displayed. The research problems include creating a system that protects the integrity of election data and creating a system that protects election rights for each voter. Based on the problems, this research discusses a blockchain-based electronic voting information system that would secure the integrity of data and also protecting the participant voting rights in a General Election. The system uses Ethereum as a blockchain with Solidity as a programming language to build a smart contract and is built in Microsoft Windows platform. In this research, consortium blockchain and biometric fingerprint authentication are used as a problem-solving method, and waterfall s...

La discusión sobre la viabilidad de la implementación del voto electrónico parece interminable. Por ejemplo, luego de arduas discusiones legislativas, el Congreso de la Nación ha rechazado la propuesta del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional de implementar un sistema de boleta única electrónica. En los últimos días, un importante grupo de expertos informáticos de Universidades Nacionales se manifestaron en contra del voto electrónico e invitan a firmar una adhesión a tal rechazo.

This paper shows the behavior of a storage technique for anonymous data, based on parallel channels implementation. At the beginning, it was conceived to apply on electronic vote. However, it may be generalized to whatever situation that requires anonymity and demands very high level of security respect from loss of information. Furthermore, a formula mistake that was slipped in previous publications has been corrected here. Finally, results of simulations are shown, to analyze the behavior of the equations proposed.

The European Union Democracy Observatory (EUDO, www.eudo.eu) is an independent and interdisciplinary organisation fully-integrated within the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS) at the European University Institute. Its declared goals are: to translate scientific and academic research on the key issues of European democracy into policy relevant and publicly-understandable outputs, to produce a permanent and periodic evaluation of democratic practices within the EU and to develop practical suggestions for improving democratic performance in the EU. EUDO wants to serve as a forum where research results, experiences, ideas, and good practices can be exchanged between scholars and policy-makers. The mission of EUDO is above all to gather documentation and data, to provide basic and applied research reports for EU institutions, and to foster dialogue between policy-makers, academics and EU citizens.

The modern world could not be imagined without the information and communications technology. Today's society, its life and social relations are deeply influenced by the virtual space, and that stands as a reason why the world's Information Technology specialists and representatives of various branches of science have been focusing on solving the problems in the sphere of cyber security. Software and technological solutions used in reorganization of the activity of private sector nowadays are widely used in the public sector as well. By using technologies, countries put their effort into involving their citizens into the process of governance and direct participation in various political processes inside the state itself, and one of the most widespread tools to motivate the citizen-to-state political participation and resident's direct interaction in political processes is internet voting. Authors of scientific literature investigate how cybersecurity management is being comprehended and analyzed in technological, legal, management, economical, human resource management and other aspects; how cyber security is analyzed in the context of services provided by institutions of public administration; which means of cyber security management are essential, in order to speed up the processes of establishing e-voting systems. In this article the authors investigate the theoretical aspects of cyber security management in internet voting, analyze the global experience in the sphere of cyber security management implementation with the help of already established e-voting systems, evaluate the properties of cyber security management in the process of implementation of internet voting in Lithuania, as well as present audience with an in-depth analysis of the opinion of the local population, cyber security and voting system specialists, concerning the matters and possibilities of establishing internet voting in Lithuania. The authors also propose a cyber security management model, which could be used in the process of implementation (both preparation and establishment) of the internet voting system in Lithuania.

The aim of the study is the application of multi-criteria evaluation methods for ranking of candidates in e-voting. Due to the potential to enhance the electoral efficiency in e-voting multiple criteria, such as personality traits, activity and reputation in social media, opinion followers on election area and so on for the selection of qualified personnel can be considered. In this case, the number of criteria excesses in the decision-making stage directed us to the use of a multi-criteria decision making model (MCDM). This paper proposes MCDM for weighted ranking of candidates in e-voting. Criteria for the candidates’ ranking and selection are determined and each voter uses the linguistic scales for the ranking of each candidate. Candidates’ ranking is evaluated according to all criteria. In a numerical study, it is provided the candidates’ evaluation on the base of selected criteria and ranked according to the importance of criteria. To assess the importance of the criteria and t...

In this paper, as a step towards the ultimate aim of developing an evoting system that would be likely to gain and retain the trust of the general voting public, we describe a design for a manual voting scheme that has, we claim, significant security-related advantages over existing well-trusted manual schemes. We then use this design as the basis for a small set of (in most cases partially-automated) voting systems which could improve the efficiency of our proposed manual voting scheme, without endangering the public's trust. Our approach to the design of these schemes is thus as much socio-technical as technical.

This paper shows the behavior of a storage technique for anonymous data, based on parallel channels implementation. At the beginning, it was conceived to apply on electronic vote. However, it may be generalized to whatever situation that requires anonymity and demands very high level of security respect from loss of information. Furthermore, a formula mistake that was slipped in previous publications has been corrected here. Finally, results of simulations are shown, to analyze the behavior of the equations proposed.

La discusión sobre la viabilidad de la implementación del voto electrónico parece interminable. Por ejemplo, luego de arduas discusiones legislativas, el Congreso de la Nación ha rechazado la propuesta del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional de implementar un sistema de boleta única electrónica. En los últimos días, un importante grupo de expertos informáticos de Universidades Nacionales se manifestaron en contra del voto electrónico e invitan a firmar una adhesión a tal rechazo.

This paper shows the behavior of a storage technique for anonymous data, based on parallel channels implementation. At the beginning, it was conceived to apply on electronic vote. However, it may be generalized to whatever situation that requires anonymity and demands very high level of security respect from loss of information. Furthermore, a formula mistake that was slipped in previous publications has been corrected here. Finally, results of simulations are shown, to analyze the behavior of the equations proposed.

Democratic process world-over is a very important referendum, which elects or removes governments. Elections are held in countries where large number of voters vote to elect their favourite candidate. This paper proposes an E-Voting through Internet, which uses Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for large-scale elections to be held on decentralised servers. The proposal of using Simple Network Management Protocol is a unique one because SNMP based NMS (Network Management System) could be implemented during voting, which manages, monitors and get the accurate data of voters ballots from the decentralised servers in regular intervals for compilation of data at a centralised server that can be much accurate, authenticated, authorized and coercion free. SNMP operating server can be easily managed as wecan compile data for the number of voters from a particular region or state who had voted on the voting day, and the results or data cannot be tampered with. Devices being used in casting ballots on election day can also be managed well. Numerous advantages could be achieved if SNMP implemented systems are being implemented by the election commission in the online e-voting system. Main objective of this paper is to propose a solution to monitor and manage the large-scale elections with secrecy,and curtail coercion, which is necessary to get hundred-percent accurate results for effective democracy.

Democratic process world-over is a very important referendum, which elects or removes governments. Elections are held in countries where large number of voters vote to elect their favourite candidate. This paper proposes an E-Voting through Internet, which uses Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for large-scale elections to be held on decentralised servers. The proposal of using Simple Network Management Protocol is a unique one because SNMP based NMS (Network Management System) could be implemented during voting, which manages, monitors and get the accurate data of voters ballots from the decentralised servers in regular intervals for compilation of data at a centralised server that can be much accurate, authenticated, authorized and coercion free. SNMP operating server can be easily managed as wecan compile data for the number of voters from a particular region or state who had voted on the voting day, and the results or data cannot be tampered with. Devices being used in casting ballots on election day can also be managed well. Numerous advantages could be achieved if SNMP implemented systems are being implemented by the election commission in the online e-voting system. Main objective of this paper is to propose a solution to monitor and manage the large-scale elections with secrecy,and curtail coercion, which is necessary to get hundred-percent accurate results for effective democracy.

The advance of digital technology in the field of politics in the last 20 years has raised the expectations about enhancing the potentials of the long dominant model of representative democracy. The need to reinvigorate the overall political process was talked about since the first signs of decline in the civic engagement in the second half of the past century. In the meantime, technological gadgets, and, especially the great versatility of Internet applicability have indeed contributed for better communication between the political elites and their people and for sharing the information on the unprecedented level. Yet, the key challenge still seems barely touched: how to provide meaningful participation of the politically awakened individuals in the decision-making processes within the states. In the article we offer a brief survey of the European and USA achievements in the field of e-voting and Internet-voting in order to show how the political, technical and security concerns ar...

Elections are believed to be the key pillars of democracy and voting is one of the electoral processes that ensure the sustenance of democracy in any civil society. In this paper, we developed an electronic voting system, which will eliminate rigging and manipulation of results to its barest minimum, this problem is mostly associated with the manual system of voting. The implementation of electronic voting system in Nigeria will boost the integrity of INEC and the result they produce. The programs used to develop this system are PHP, MySQL, Java Query, CSS and HTML. These packages make the Graphic Interface User friendly enough for even those with little or no computer knowledge.

Much of the research in the online participation area focuses on citizen participation or social movements, while the internal processes of political parties have so far been neglected. We will address this gap, focusing on the introduction of online participation methods for internal democratic decision-making processes in the Green Party Germany. Use of technology in a democratic process makes higher demands off organisation, since exclusion can delegitimize the outcome. Specifically, we investigate the launch of two new processes: a regular grass-roots survey that feeds into the policy development process, and an online verification process for members’ submission and support of proposals to the party assembly. These processes both support and challenge the strong grass-roots mentality of the party: access is maximised, while participation costs for certain groups may increase. We will discuss the expectations and conflicts related to the introduction of these new online process....

The objective of this research was to establish if Zimbabwe has the potential and Information Communication Technology (ICT) capacity to implement e-voting methods in the country's often discredited electoral process. The study adopted qualitative methods and secondary data collected from relevant reports, questionnaires randomly distributed to the general populace as well as interviews with Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) and the Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) officials. The paper highlights the global and national status of ICT adoption in Zimbabwe which is the key driver to the successful implementation of e-voting, internet coverage, and use in the country. The research also investigated how Zimbabwe citizens in the diaspora, through new Internet platforms, can exercise their right to participate in the country's political discourse and vote using the e-voting model. The findings indicate that though it can be done,  it is not...