E Governance

Citizens: To enable citizens to participate in local decision-making and governance processes through the application. 7) To Strengthen Data Security and Privacy: To protect citizen data and maintain privacy while facilitating online transactions. 8) To Provide real-time Reporting and Analytics: To offer decision-makers insights into service delivery and governance performance through data-driven reports. 9) To Facilitate Interdepartmental Coordination: To enable seamless data exchange and collaboration with other government departments and agencies. 10) To Encourage e-literacy and Digital Skills: To promote digital literacy and build the capacity of both citizens and Panchayat officials to use the application effectively. Research on the conceptualization and evolution of e-Gram Panchayat in the context of rural development. Studies on the historical development and policy framework of e-Gram Panchayat in India. Evaluation of the impact of e-Gram Panchayat on improving transparency, accountability, and efficiency in rural governance. Studies on the role of e-Gram Panchayat in citizen empowerment and participation in local decision-making. Research on the challenges and opportunities related to digital infrastructure and connectivity in rural regions. Assessments of the digital divide and efforts to bridge the gap through e-Gram Panchayat. Studies on initiatives and programs aimed at enhancing digital literacy among rural citizens and Panchayat officials. Research on the effectiveness of capacity-building strategies for digital governance. Analysis of the impact of e-Gram Panchayat on the efficiency and effectiveness of public service delivery in rural areas. Studies on the optimization of administrative processes and workflow in Gram Panchayats through digitalization Studies on data security and privacy challenges in e-Gram Panchayat systems. Investigations into data protection measures, regulations, and best practices. Exploration of interoperability challenges in e-Gram Panchayat systems, including data exchange between different government departments. Studies on standardization efforts to facilitate seamless communication and data sharing. Research on strategies to engage citizens in the e-Gram Panchayat ecosystem, including online forums and feedback mechanisms. Assessments of the impact of citizen engagement on policy-making and service delivery. Studies on funding models and financial sustainability of e-Gram Panchayat projects. Research on public-private partnerships and innovative funding approaches for rural digital governance.

This paper focusses on the use of technology to improve democracy, comparing the cases of Estonia and Catalonia. Both examples are closely related in their use of technology to further democratize the decision-making processes, but have opposite starting points. Estonia’s internet voting system is an offshoot of the comprehensive e-governance system developed by the Estonian government. It is meant to make it more convenient for people to vote and, thus, easier for them to take part in elections. In Catalonia, the online participation system Decidim, initially set up in the city of Barcelona, represents a bottom-up project that emerged from the 15 May protests and aims to make the representative democratic system more direct and participatory. In our comparison we approach both paradigmatic cases from a theoretical reflection on the ideal types of democracy in relation to how decisions are made and by whom. Both projects have evolved and integrated new features that draw them togeth...

This paper aims to put forward the importance of e-governance in achieving sustainable grassroots development in Nigeria. The emergence of information communication technology has provided opportunity for borderlessness, interconnectedness and de-territorialization of government policies and programmes within the global village. Information communication technology is a necessary political tool set out to reconcile traditional barrier of distance in the management of public affairs. Today, E-governance has being implemented in Europe and other westernized countries for sustainable development through the application and adoption of Open Access Information Communication Technology (OAICT) designed to enhance social service delivery at the grassroots level. This paper adopts secondary sources of data. It argues that e-governance promotes participatory, transparent, responsive and inclusive democracy to enhance grassroots development. The accessibility of local citizens to their elected representatives and basic social services through the provision of information communication technology enhances effective communication between the government and the governed at the grassroots level, while it creates open plain ground for the citizens to receive feedbacks from the appropriate local government channel. This study concludes that e-governance ensures effective and efficient service delivery and enhancing citizen's participation in local affairs. It therefore recommends that federal government should make policy that will facilitate and fast-track the adoption of ICT and training of local government personnel in the art of e-governance through which sustainable grassroots development could be accomplished in Nigeria.

Calls are getting louder regarding using the proverbial carrot-and-stick approach in local government in South Africa. This is because previous interventions to enhance the functioning of local government have not been working, resulting in poor service delivery in communities, as indicated in the recent Auditor General Report 2021/22 in South Africa. Redirecting the functioning of local government in the digital age can be achieved by harnessing various institutional competencies to enable digital governance to flourish in public service delivery. A qualitative approach was adopted for this chapter, using a literature review analysis to uncover the various challenges and opportunities that may be triggered by digital governance in local government in South Africa. The critical analysis of the documents has indicated the need to reinforce the core competencies of municipal leaders, which are critical in redirecting local governments using modern digital technologies that may enhance decision-making, communication and general information dissemination to stakeholders in the local sphere. Managing institutional readiness has become imperative for local government to ensure that municipal structures and systems are transparent, responsive, accountable, and ready to embrace change that may be triggered by digital governance processes towards improving public service delivery. The chapter advances knowledge on municipal governance through digital governance as a contemporary paradigm that can transform local government into an efficient and accountable service provider in South Africa.

This paper presents an exploratory study aimed at identifying, exploring, and analyzing current EGOV assessment initiatives. We do so based on data obtained from a desktop research and from a worldwide questionnaire directed to the 193 countries that are part of the list used by the Statistics Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). The study analyses 12 EGOV assessment initiatives: a) seven of them are international/regional EGOV assessment initiatives performed by the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU), Waseda-IAC, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Bank (WB), WWW Foundation, and Open Knowledge Network (OKN); b) five of them are countrylevel EGOV assessment initiatives performed by Norway, Germany, India, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Further, the study provides general results obtained from a questionnaire with participation from 18 countries: Afghanistan,

DESCRIPTION The paper provides vivid arguments to show that the idea and adoption of the e-governance platform in Nigeria is still very much a myth that may become reality in some distant future, if the Federal government is able to purge the system of its corrupt elite citizens and then take practical steps to put necessary infrastructures in place that will entrench the democratization process which among other things, embraces and encourages total participation of the people of the nation in the day to day affairs of the state, irrespective of the class they belong to.

The research work borders on e-government and environmental bonuses in Nigeria and United Kingdom The study examines whether the use of online government services could produce significant savings in the use of papers, filing cabinets, folders and shelves in offices. The study specifically seeks to find out whether there is significant difference in Egovernment adoption on paper usage and pollution reduction between Nigeria and United Kingdom. A survey study research method was adopted where 24 federal ministry activities in Nigeria was compared with that of the United Kingdom with the use of the secondary method of data collection. Levene’s test of equality of variances based on F-value and T-test were used for the data analysis based on statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 15. The result showed a statistical non-significant relationship between e-government adoption in Nigeria and UK. The statistical non-significance could be attributed to nonimplementation of e-governme...

Salah satu hal yang penting dalam pembangunan nasional adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dan pemerintah sendiri atas barang/jasa. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah mengeluarkan Peraturan Presiden No. 4 2015 tentang keempat amandemen dari Presiden peraturan No. 54 tahun 2010 dan Peraturan Presiden No. 16 Tahun 2018. Di kota Malang, rintangan pengadaan biasanya timbul dari masalah internal antara lain: (i) Nasional pengadaan Portal (INAPROC) (ii) gangguan layanan LPSE Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kota Malang sehubungan dengan keberadaan SPSE versi terbaru. Oleh karena itu, peran dari setiap institusi/lembaga (termasuk LKK dan LPSE) yang terlibat dapat mengatasi hambatan yang ada dalam Sistem Pengadaan Secara Elektronik (SPSE). Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis Penelitian deskriptif yang didasarkan pada perumusan masalah, penelitian ini menginginkan data berbentuk teks sebagai sumber utama data yang diperoleh dari wawancara. Fokus penelitian ad...

One stated and repeatedly emphasized goal and commitment of the government is to decentralize public service delivery through the provision of ICT based e-services in rural areas of Bangladesh under the auspices of the Union Digital Centers (UDC). In this context, this study delves into the role and performance of UDC in light of selected variables and associated indicators - such as Impact on citizens' behavioral patter, Infrastructure & Logistics in UDC, Efficient Service Delivery in UDC, Reduction of Corruption, and Satisfaction level of Entrepreneurs. A qualitative research approach was deployed for the purpose of investigating into the research objective. The research tools included Review of Secondary literature, Sample survey administered through a semi-structured questionnaire, a purposely designed Assessment scale and Personal observation. One core finding of the study reveals and corroborates that the government's commitment for initiating widespread digital development has so far been reasonably well received and materialized in the study areas through the UDC operations, and remained consistent with the approved ICT policies. The study has identified the key challenges (such as the inadequacy of infrastructural and logistics support and backstopping) that thwart the process of maximizing the development potential of UDC. The evidence also suggests that the Public Private Partnership model is yet work in full swing, and the current level of income generation of the entrepreneurs is not satisfactory. The article furnishes some policy and functional recommendations, and concludes with an exhortation for further research on this interesting area of study.

As India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world, it is important to improve the quality of our health maintenance management and preventive medical care to extend healthy life expectancy. Today's scenario for health care in Indian e governance is in the limit of contacting 75 hospitals of the ISRO Telemedicine network only. Whilst this is currently working best of it, the limitation of this can be retarded by introducing the health care web services to each individual of the country. We believe advanced implementation of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) may improve the medical services and health maintenance management. As medical science is fast developing and information resource is pouring in, there is urgent need for dissemination knowledge by interlinking primary, secondary and tertiary level health centers by ICT applications. This will help health personal to deliver high quality services. Moreover, IT systems have been built to support different work flows in the health sector, but the systems are rarely connected and have become islands of data. From 2006 onwards corporate IT giants are experimenting for ICT application in health sector both in Government and private hospitals. In this paper, we discuss the potentialities and expansibility of the XML Web Services based on the Adaptive Collaboration (AC) which can be aggregated by the Indian e governance system as a health care web services. We would like to present ways of improving health maintenance service and regional medical services. In order to realize better health maintenance and prevention of disease, we would like to prove that incorporating medicine, life, and work through the XML Web Services is highly effective. The developed system is using data agent concept in transferring the format of information from different medical database systems to be an international standard format of metadata known as HL7 v3.0 using XML based cloud services called the Medical Cloud system which can take advantage of the Indian cloud revolution.

As India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world, it is important to improve the quality of our health maintenance management and preventive medical care to extend healthy life expectancy. Today's scenario for health care in Indian e governance is in the limit of contacting 75 hospitals of the ISRO Telemedicine network only. Whilst this is currently working best of it, the limitation of this can be retarded by introducing the health care web services to each individual of the country. We believe advanced implementation of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) may improve the medical services and health maintenance management. As medical science is fast developing and information resource is pouring in, there is urgent need for dissemination knowledge by interlinking primary, secondary and tertiary level health centers by ICT applications. This will help health personal to deliver high quality services. Moreover, IT systems have been built to support different work flows in the health sector, but the systems are rarely connected and have become islands of data. From 2006 onwards corporate IT giants are experimenting for ICT application in health sector both in Government and private hospitals. In this paper, we discuss the potentialities and expansibility of the XML Web Services based on the Adaptive Collaboration (AC) which can be aggregated by the Indian e governance system as a health care web services. We would like to present ways of improving health maintenance service and regional medical services. In order to realize better health maintenance and prevention of disease, we would like to prove that incorporating medicine, life, and work through the XML Web Services is highly effective. The developed system is using data agent concept in transferring the format of information from different medical database systems to be an international standard format of metadata known as HL7 v3.0 using XML based cloud services called the Medical Cloud system which can take advantage of the Indian cloud revolution.

Europe is a vast union of unique and diverse nations. The scope of Europe as defined by the United Nations includes all of the nations from Greenland in the west to the Russian Federation in the east, and Scandinavia in the north to the Mediterranean and central Asia in the south. The UN Europe comprises 53 countries with a variety of cultures, religions, languages, geographical accidents, economical development and socio-demographic trends. The EU with its 25 member states plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland represent the western and reaches part of the continent, but as it is rapidly expanding to include all the nations of Europe, strengthen European health systems through this enlarged perspective is becoming and imperative. This poses great challenges of and opportunities for the use of technology to improve information and communication within and across countries and therefore to support health and population development. Figure 1. Graphical map of UN Europe

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have historical ties and MENA countries share similarities with respect to socio-cultural characteristics, national economics (mainly based on natural resources such as oil), religious beliefs (predominantly Muslim), national languages (mainly Arabic), form of governance, and affiliation to regional organizations such as the Arab League. Few comparative e-government researchers have addressed e-government services and contents of e-government Websites within the context of MENA countries. This chapter fills in this gap by presenting e-governance as a desired outcome of diffusion of the Internet among MENA countries. It presents comparisons with respect to types of Websites and services, service-oriented features, online executable services, stages of development of e-government service, and e-government rankings of Websites hosted by MENA governments. Results of our analyses suggest that the similarities in e-governance among MENA countries span a number of variables including the stages of development of e-government services provided through Websites. Our recommendations, grounded in careful examination of 230 Websites of 18 MENA nations, could assist them in the provision of better e-government services to their citizens.

Die Dynamik der Veränderung stellt Deutschland vor große Herausforderungen. Das spüren wir in allen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen. In früheren Zeiten wurde wurde während solcher Zeiten die Verwaltung als Garant für eine funktionierende Gesellschaft wahrgenommen. Hiervon ist in der medialen Diskussion nicht viel übriggeblieben.  Was sind die Gründe für die heftige Kritik an der deutschen Verwaltung? Weshalb ist das Vertrauen in sie anscheinend verloren gegangen? Ist den Behörden tatsächlich nicht bewusst, dass auch sie sich verändern müssen? Haben die mehr als fünf Millionen Beschäftigten des öffentlichen Dienstes den Anschluss an die moderne Arbeitswelt ihrer Kolleginnen und Kollegen in der Wirtschaft oder in den anderen EU-Ländern verpasst? Wie kann der Verwaltung die notwendige digitale Transformation gelingen? Geht es dabei lediglich um Onlineangebote? Wie können digitale Prozess- und Verfahrensabläufe zu neuen Wertschöpfungsketten zwischen Verwaltung und Wirtschaft führen und damit neue Impulse für Wachstum generieren? Welchen Beitrag muss hierfür die deutsche Wirtschaft leisten? Antworten auf diese Fragen sind Gegenstand des Beitrags.

The demand for accountability, transparency and efficient service delivery by citizens in many countries is pushing many governments to adopt e-government initiatives in achieving timely and efficient information dissemination. However, research shows that many public organisations in developing countries have been slow in responding to these developments. This study investigates how organisational level factors shape e-government implementation in public organisations in a developing country. Participants were purposively selected and one-on-one in-depth interviews were used to collect data. The study identified inadequate financial and human resources, leadership support, low information communication technology (ICT) literacy as well as inadequate ICT equipment and low internet connectivity to be the factors militating against the effective implementation of the computer based technology (CBT) program at the driver and vehicle licensing authority (DVLA). The study concludes that e-government has the potential to enhance the delivery of services in public organisations if these challenges are addressed.

En las últimas décadas el término de gobernanza se ha posicionado como un elemento clave en los discursos políticos y académicos. De igual forma, se ha propuesto como elemento orquestador del conjunto social en todas sus dimensiones. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar, desde el marco de los estudios de gubernamentalidad neoliberal, las implicaciones que tiene la aplicación de la noción de gobernanza como modelo de gestión pública. Tiene como eje principal el análisis de los roles y la distribución de las responsabilidades asignadas desde este modelo al Estado, el mercado y la sociedad. Las tendencias muestran que existe un debilitamiento de la ética de responsabilidad social del Estado, desplazando a ésta hacia los ciudadanos.

The world has become a global village where every nation including Nigeria is striving to attain a high level of electronic governance, which revolves around the use of information and communication technology to deliver government services. Nigeria has the fastest growing information and communication technology market in Africa, yet in spite of this, the country is still ranked low in the provision of e-government services to its citizens. Data were analysed qualitatively through content analysis. The paper argues that the emerging growth of ICT in Nigeria has not effectively influenced the development of its e-governance status due to numerous challenges such as the unwillingness on the part of the government to ensure a two way communication pattern in the governing process. One of the suggestions proffered by the paper is that Nigeria and other Sub-Saharan countries should endeavour to keep abreast of new innovations which would aid in the speedy growth of e-governance in the r...

The portals used for providing any e-governance service to the citizens are very crucial. They serve as an interface to provide and use the services. So, these portals need to be carefully designed and developed to meet the requirements of the users. Studies have been done to understand the factors which contribute to the successful adoption of e-governance initiatives. Some of the important constructs identified for this are navigation, design, content and information and responsiveness. In this paper, these constructs have been used to do a comparative analysis of some of the popular websites used for electronic filing (E-Filing) of taxes in India.

In today's advanced information-based societies, a growing development process can be observed, based on the development of information and communication technologies. These are used by different governments at different levels, mainly because of the scale and scarcity of available resources. The most important specialty of information communication technology (ICT) is that new results prove the usefulness of ICT in almost every segment, such as employee, education and the research sphere. They contribute to facilitating education and working conditions, which is of fundamental interest to all users.

Digitizing government by utilizing the Internet, Communication, and Technology (ICT) is one of the biggest focuses on innovative actions and reforms through various instruments towards improving the quality of public service outcomes. This research discussed the governmental innovation and reform in the South Sumatera Provincial government, which has been trying to increase and improve governmental working transparency and accountability, public management system, and public service improvements known as “E-Sumsel.” By employing qualitative methods, the data collected and extracted from library research such as books, journals as well as the internet. Based on the result, it was found that “E-Sumsel” programs were established to shape digitalizing public management system and for democratic public service transparency and accountability. By focusing on transformations, the South Sumatera provincial government established “E-Sumsel” programs for showing any information about the info...

Digitizing government by utilizing the Internet, Communication, and Technology (ICT) is one of the biggest focuses on innovative actions and reforms through various instruments towards improving the quality of public service outcomes. This research discussed the governmental innovation and reform in the South Sumatera Provincial government, which has been trying to increase and improve governmental working transparency and accountability, public management system, and public service improvements known as "E-Sumsel." By employing qualitative methods, the data collected and extracted from library research such as books, journals as well as the internet. Based on the result, it was found that "E-Sumsel" programs were established to shape digitalizing public management system and for democratic public service transparency and accountability. By focusing on transformations, the South Sumatera provincial government established "E-Sumsel" programs for showing any information about the information such as business opportunities, as well as about the government working. Meanwhile, it has identified several challenges in establishing "E-Sumsel" programs in the South Sumatera government, which remains high-incidence fiefdoms and a strong vertical orientation conspicuous among the governmental agencies. It needs further development to be resolved by creating a new innovative strategy to harmonize the provincial governmental standard operating systems in improving quality public management and public service. For this reason, innovative government action through "E-Sumsel" is very important mode to exist continuously in administrative reform in government institutions with governance innovation that influences each other.

Breakthroughs in digital technologies have notably enhanced the capability of administrative systems across the globe and allowed precision and effectiveness in governance mechanisms like never before. This study builds around three critical aspects of governance: lack of state capacity, trust deficit between citizen and state (empowerment), and poor service delivery. It elaborates how the use of biometrics and smart technologies enhances public service delivery and revitalises trust of citizen on the state. It is a qualitative research based on observations, case studies and real world examples of linking national citizens registry to various disparate repositories and using it innovatively to reform governance. Its manifestations are manifolds: from empowering persons to avail public health services and financial inclusion to creating value for private sector through market creating innovations; NADRA has fortified digital governance framework in Pakistan by the virtue of legal id...

Models of public governance are changing profoundly due to global and digital transformations and various context-specific societal pressures. One direction of development is the increased utilisation of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) in facilitating governance practices. Such changes are intended to improve the performance of public organisations, the quality of democratic governance, and the cost-effectiveness of service delivery. This article outlines the potentials of technological trends in building governance platforms. The discussion is based on such influential trends as open source movement, Web 2.0, geoinformatics, and ubiquitous technologies. An approach that takes into account such e-enabled platform solutions is called platform orientation in public governance, which offers a framework for supporting policy and governance informatics. It’s supposed to provide new tools to create structured environments for governance and the capacity to increase the f...

This case documents the challenges involved in the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) by the government in a democratic system, especially in the context of a developing country. Nemmadi was an e-governance project initiated in 2004 by the government of the state of Karnataka located in the southern part of India. Since the beginning of the new millennium, the policy and the political environment in Karnataka had turned quite favourable for such ICT initiatives. Aimed at improving the transparency, accountability and efficiency of the government administration at the village level, Nemmadi was an ambitious project conceived to offer digital services to rural citizens across 800 hoblis (cluster of villages) in the state. The services included issue of certificates of several kinds, which entitled the citizens belonging to economically and socially backward sections of the society to avail of benefits and concessions under various government schemes conceived a...

Online working of a government or providing its services online to its citizens at their door step is known as E-Governance. Development of any country can be judge by the scope of E-Governance in that country. India is a developing nation having democratic decentralization and to enhance the participatory approach; e-governance was initiated in early seventies. The focus of this paper is at the current status of e-governance in India and some emerging areas where egovernance can play a vital role in betterment of the society. This paper also covers key challenges with possible remedial solutions and some strategies for successful implementation of e-governance. It also focused on initiatives adopted by the government at both national and state level. Finally an Indian citizen's behavior is explored that focused on maintaining trust in e-government, perceived risk and perceived behavioral control that are important in understanding a citizen's response to e-governance.

The rapid development of the information society is characterized by implementation of the concept of e-governance that faces a problem of forming an appropriate leadership potential. An idea of e-governance is not so much a technology of democratic governance, but is an initiative aimed at improving lives of ordinary citizens; therefore, its implementation is, of course, linked to leadership at all levels of the social system and public administration. The strategic direction of the State policy towards the process of implementing e-governance consists of formation of leadership potential of civil servants and officials, civil society and business. However, this prominent task of State policy remains insufficiently attended. The purpose of this article is determination of key areas of State policy for building the leadership potential of civil society, business sector and the institution of civil servants and officials in the event of the establishment of e-governance. The article ...

The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze and identify aspects that hinder the implementation of the Presidential Instruction no. 3 of 2003 in Jember Regency. This research uses a qualitative research type with purposive technique. The theory refers to the Implementation of Donald Van Meter and Van Horn and Daniel A. Mazmanian Paul A. Sabatier. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2003 is still running relatively well. The limited understanding of the implementor, financial resources and human resources as well as the inequality of the socio-political, economic and technological conditions are factors that are less than optimal in the results achieved by the Jember Regency Government. The recommendations for this implementation are increasing the understanding of implementors by conducting socialization, increasing the quality and quantity of human resources with trainings in the field of information technology...

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has emerged as a successful technology paradigm for interconnecting applications in heterogeneous environments. National e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway (NSDG), a SOA based messaging middleware, routes messages across government departments thereby enabling cross state and cross domain service delivery, overcoming challenges of interoperability and integrations while delivering services to citizens through a single window. This paper discusses the relevance of standard based messaging middleware for integrating services at national, state and local government, and interoperability and testing challenges for such kind of implementation.

The practice of corruption always exist in public goods and service procurement in Indonesia. The Government efforts in reducing this case are doing new breakthrough like creating new system of service and goods procurement in an electronic way, usually called E-Procurement. After being instructed by Presidential Regulation number 54, year of 2010, the Local Government must use the E-Procurement System in the process of goods and service procurement, including Kepulauan Riau Province. This Research aims to analyzed the implementation of e-procurement system that had been adopted by Kepulauan Riau Province at year 2008. This research is not just for viewing the implementation of e-procurement system technically, but also to see how the influence of political process to the implementation of e-procurement. The Methodology used in this research is mix-method. This research are conducted in LPSE Kepulauan Riau Province, Procurement Service Unit (ULP) and also the vendors that supplies s...

Abstract- We cannot imagine a day without a computer especially without Internet. E-Mail is one of the primary ways through which we communicate. We not only use it every day for official communication but also to be in touch with our friends and relatives. As E-Mail plays a vital role in communication globally for communication and sharing of data as well. The security issues also have increased. The major problem or the attack on E-Mail by the hackers nowadays is known as E-Mail Phishing. It is the right time to secure the data communicated over mail even on trusted network. Cyber criminals craft these emails to look convincing, sending them out to literally millions of people around the world. The criminals do not have a specific target in mind, nor do they know exactly who will fall victim. They simply know the more emails they send out, the more people they may be able to fool. In this paper we are analyzing the various ways in which the Phishing is achieved, the possible solut...

Information search and retrieval are part of daily routines of the legal profession. Lawyers, judges, prosecutors, and legal clerks usually access a number of electronic resources to browse, search, select, or update legal contents. Legal databases have currently become large digital libraries where the tasks related to information-seeking may sometimes be cumbersome. Adding semantics to support information search may provide significant results in terms of efficiency, efficacy, and user satisfaction. Semantic technologies may be able to improve legal information search in the judicial and lawyers' domains. However, legal professionals sometimes prefer following routines than changing their information search behavior. New trends in legal ontologies and Semantic Web technologies may help to improve both professional and laymen's skills.

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work.

Gegen die in der Literatur zu Blockchainanwendungen verbreitete These, diese erforderten kein nutzerseitiges Vertrauen oder generierten ein neuartiges „vertrauenloses Vertrauen“, wird in diesem Beitrag zunächst gezeigt, dass auch in der Nutzung von Blockchainanwendungen Vertrauensbeziehungen eine Rolle spielen. Es wird dafür argumentiert, Vertrauen im Rahmen von Blockchainanwendungen als ‚Institutionenvertrauen‘ zu verstehen. Das klassische bilaterale interpersonale Vertrauensverständnis von Vertrauenssubjekt und Vertrauensobjekt bleibt dabei strukturell erhalten, die Zuschreibung von Vertrauenswürdigkeit durch das Vertrauenssubjekt erfolgt in einem default-and-challenge Modell. Dabei zeigt sich bereits aus begrifflichen Gründen: Je ‚sicherer‘ das System, desto weniger bedarf es nutzerseitigen Vertrauens. Vertrauen setzt Vulnerabilität voraus. Diese ist mit Blick auf Blockchainanwendungen bei den meisten Nutzer:innen in hohem Maße vorhanden.

E-Government emerges from web sites that offer static information, documents and forms for employees and citizens, enquiries, and process automations to many types of stakeholders. Increasingly, different layers of government services are being consolidated into a knowledge portal, providing on time and online services. Such knowledge portals not only provide a platform for integrating applications and information from all government sources, but also provide platforms for knowledge sharing and learning to the public with the objective to improve the efficiency and the quality of E-Government processes and services. However, due to the heterogeneity of applications and information across different levels of government agencies, a significant amount of work is needed to re-configure such applications and services into a new platform. However, semantics are often deficient, which results in problems establishing effective knowledge sharing and learning in E-Government. This paper conf...

Being progressively interconnected world today, the information security system must be set up to counter emerging vulnerabilities that may occur as a result of technological advancement. In the complex and dynamic arena of internet, the challenges inherent in safeguarding Information infrastructure is drastically increasing, possibly as a factor of the ubiquitous existence of services etc. depending on these networks. These networks are exposed to cyber-attacks due to various flaws in the system. Therefore, it is essential to accelerate on the security that covers the application software and infrastructure to give the governance an effective internet without any possible risk of being rigged. The study discusses about the cyber security issues in today’s era as technology is touching every sphere of life so as e-Governance applications. Study also focuses on how e-Governance is made more secure and what type of safety features to be adopted, have to be safe, secure and reliable at...

usually whenever Images is captured by satellite in different environment Like Landscape, forests, Hills, Dark, Shiny, Oceans Region and Different Geography. Than we have to improve these images because without clear images it's really hard to get information. There are several methods used to improve the observation of these images like Histogram Equalization Technique, Local Histogram equalization technique, Discrete Cosine Transform, and Discrete Wavelet Transform method(DWT). All these technologies face troubles like failure of image info, loss of edge details etc. Wavelet transforms have become one of the very important and very powerful tool of signal representation and we can enhance our images by using this technique. Bicubic interpolation is used as an midway stage for appraising high frequency components and it is more refined than the nearest neighbor and bilinear techniques. The proposed technique has the benefits of superior resolution, sharper image and smoother edges by the DWT and bicubic.

Ransomware threats and incidents have exponentially increased causing both financial and reputational losses to organizations of all sizes and sectors. Ransomware attacks became the talk of the news when the world was hit by COVID 19 pandemic and people shifted to remote work in large numbers (Brynjolfsson et al., 2020, p. 13-14). Cybercriminals and threat groups are using various types of social engineering techniques such as email phishing, smishing, spear phishing attacks to spread ransomware infections in systems and networks. To protect organizations, users, and IT infrastructures it is important to understand how ransomware works, and how various threat actors use it to exfiltrate confidential data and information. Hence a critical approach toward ransomware infection and its mitigation by using different techniques is discussed and analyzed in this research paper concerning other scholarly articles and papers.

E-governance is more than just a government website on the Internet. The strategic objective of e-governance is to support and simplify governance for all parties; government, citizens and businesses. The use of ICTs can connect all three parties and support processes and activities. In other words, in e-governance electronic means support and stimulate good governance. Therefore, the objectives of e-governance are similar to the objectives of good governance. Good governance can be seen as an exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to better manage affairs of a country at all levels. It is not difficult for people in developed countries to imagine a situation in which all interaction with government can be done through one counter 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, without waiting in lines. However to achieve this same level of efficiency and flexibility for developing countries is going to be difficult. The experience in developed countries shows that this is pos...

The Nigerian federation that currently has 36 states structure adopted the Weberian Public Administrative system before now as an ideal way of running government, which was characterized with the traditional way of doing things without recourse to the deployment of Information Communication Technology (ICT). Today e-governance is seen as a paradigm shift from the previous way of governance. Research has shown that, the adoption and implementation of e-governance is more likely to bring about effective service delivery, mitigate corruption and ultimately enhance citizens’ participation in governmental affairs. However, it has been argued that infrastructure such as regular electricity power and access to the Internet, in addition to a society with high rate of literacy level are required to effectively implement and realize the potentials of e-governance for improved delivery of services. Due to the difficulties currently experienced, developing nations need to adequately prepare for...

This paper examined electronic governance platform's ability to mitigate the hitherto non-inclusion of citizens in policy formulation and implementation in Nigeria. To achieve the objective of the study, secondary data collected from books, journals and government websites of 20 states were analysed to ascertain whether there are avenues for citizens to interact with governments in policy formulation as a way of promoting participatory governance. The study revealed that while electronic governance is a possible solution to overcoming the challenges of non-inclusion of citizens in the formulation of public policy; but its adoption is yet to be achieved due to the low level of literacy rate and government inability to provide the necessary infrastructure. It, therefore, recommends the need for the Federal Government

Everywhere in the world, especially in Asia, Africa and South America, governments are using the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in enhancing sustainable development. Bangladesh that lags far behind in this regard needs to put the ICTs at the heart of all of its advancement programs and strategies. These technologies can also expedite the country's progress in economic, social and political spheres. The traditional methods of growth and development will be replaced by the latest technology-based ways of development. This paper intended the details of e-governance including the scope of e-governance, advantages of e-governance, etc. It also describes how and where e-governance can be introduced immediately to bring transparency, efficiency and faith in the operation of the governments. Few constraints and challenges are discussed along with the strategies to implement e-governance in Bangladesh. At last it describes seven stages strategy to enable e-governance in Bangladesh.

E-governance systems are argued to enhance the quality of decision-making. Differences in quality of decisions by users of e-governance systems and non-users are examined. Data from 461 farmers, collected using a questionnaire survey, are used to assess decision quality on 14 aspects related to agriculture production processes. Results indicate a significantly better quality of decisions made by user group as compared to the non-user group. Differences are also found between qualities of decisions made by user groups of two service providers -one public and another private -which indicate the difference in the delivery approach of the two organisations.

This study deals with the changing occupations of Sherpa people who has been recognized as 'high altitude porter' for their courage in climbing difficult mountains. After having a lot of in person formal/informal conversation, focus group discussion and in field observations for 15 days with heterogeneous people in Khumbu region of Nepal, the study tried to find reasons of distractions of younger generation in maintaining their ancestral professions. Narrative interview has been conducted with Sherpa mountaineers, business persons, porters, young students and teachers. An effort has been made to analyze the issues of Sherpa community people through cognitive dissonance theory developed by Leon Festinger in 1957. It employs thematic analysis in three categories of participants – professional mountaineers, business people (age: 20 to 35) and high school students (age: 16 to 20) and findings have been discussed under theoretical and policies perspectives. The findings show that...

The rise of digital technology has revived engagement between governments and citizens, advancing e-governance with improved communication, transparency, and flexibility. The Sambat Online Program promotes a citizen-centric approach to information services in Malang City which strategies for advancing e-governance in the digital age is considered important. This study aims to analyze challenges, strategies, and propose an actionable framework to improve Malang City's egovernance, with a focus on the Sambat Online Program's pursuit of citizen-centric information excellence. This study used a qualitative case study approach to examine the program. The results show that the Sambat Online application in Malang City faces organizational challenges and social issues such as lack of leadership, resistance to change, digital divide, digital literacy, and social inclusion needs. Technological challenges occur in terms of cybersecurity, updates, and system scalability. It also found that the Malang City Government needs a useroriented e-government approach to ensure data security and privacy. In other words, the platform makes it easy for users to submit complaints, increasing citizen involvement in improving public services, however continuous program assessment and improvement are essential. Areas for improvement include improved complaint management, digital training, and strengthened cybersecurity, with a focus on complaint management as the most effective solution. In conclusion, the program enhances communication and comprehension between governing bodies and the public, highlighting its significance in contemporary governance.

 The governments across the world have adopted measures to contain the spread of virus which has resulted into restricted economic activities. While economic impacts are diverse and wide spread, the interest in examining impacts at household level is of utmost importance from policy perspectives. This helps monitoring the progress of major socio-economic indicators and make timely and appropriate policy responses. In this context, this perspective paper outlines methodology to be adopted in examining the impacts of COVID-19 in number of household level indicators based on the literatures of impact evaluation. This paper also outlines a framework for identifying key priorities areas with particular reference to Nepal. We propose standard household health production function model with a use of quasi-experimental design as a candidate to examine the impacts at the household level. Likewise, indicators pertaining to poverty, food and nutrition, education, health and labor market are of...

The notion of governance is innate to any society in the word. The use of big-data allow governance as a competitive advantage to attract resources, with the emergence of the social web and exponential data generated accordingly. Such social web and exponential data can be analyzed to give the enlightened human beings about the good governance and maintain an intelligent global state of mega cities. The government agencies should collect data from heterogeneous sources. To improve the services and applications, these agencies offer the citizens and businesses, through big data analytics, which is a global opportunity to integrate a large number of public databases together, fraud detection and tax control activities. The impact of big data on these e-government applications strives to facilitate better governance by demonstrating its use in research and practice. Therefore, the current paper zeroes in on an approach based on the interoperability and integration of big data. In our approach, such data is gathered from several separate and heterogeneous government sources.