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SummaryA score that can accurately determine the risk of major bleeding during anticoagulant therapy may help to make decisions on anticoagulant use. RIETE is an ongoing registry of consecutive patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). We composed a score to predict the risk for major bleeding within three months of anticoagulant therapy. Of 19,274 patients enrolled, 13,057 (67%) were randomly assigned to the derivation sample, 6,572 to the validation sample. In the derivation sample 314 (2.4%) patients bled (fatal bleeding, 105). On multivariate analysis, age >75 years, recent bleeding, cancer, creatinine levels >1.2 mg/dl, anemia, or pulmonary embolism at baseline were independently associated with an increased risk for major bleeding. A score was composed assigning 2 points to recent bleeding, 1.5 to abnormal creatinine levels or anemia, 1 point to the remaining variables. In the derivation sample 2,654 (20%) patients scored 0 points (low risk); 9,645 (74%) 1–4 poin...

Collective action in agriculture and natural resource management is all too often perceived of in terms of the mere number of participants, with little consideration given to who participates, why, and the outcomes of inequitable participation. The literature is replete with cases of how uncritical approaches to participation structure positions of privilege vis-a-vis project benefits and the natural resource base (Munk Ravnborg and Ashby, 1996; Rocheleau and Edmunds, 1997; Schroeder, 1993). Yet lessons on how to engage with local communities in ways that promote equitable participation of women, the poor and other stakeholders are only now coming to light. This paper focuses on approaches under development under the rubric of the African Highlands Initiative to bring collective action principles to bear on gender-equitable change processes in natural resource management. The paper utilizes a number of case studies to illustrate the relative strengths and weaknesses of different app...

This paper examines the criteria used in the assessment and rating of institutions of higher education in Malaysia conducted by the Research University (RU) Auditors and the National Accreditation Board. Some remarks on the comparison of these two sets of criteria and their indicators to the criteria used in the evaluation of a nation’s competitiveness is made.

Ecogeographic size variations have been documented in some but not all sifakas. Few morphometric or body weight data have been available for two critically endangered subspecies of diademed sifakas: Perrier's sifakas (Propithecus diadema perrieri) and silky sifakas (Propithecus diadema candidus). The objectives of our study were to determine size variations in sifakas and if these variations are related to resource quality and/or resource seasonality. P. d. perrieri and P. d. candidus were captured, weighed, and measured in northern Madagascar. Body weights and morphometrics were compared with other subspecies of diademed sifakas and indris (Indri indri). Differences in body weights and morphometrics between taxa are particularly pronounced for P. d. perrieri compared to P. d. diadema, P. d. edwardsi, and I. indri.

This paper assesses the potential of bamboo building materials to meet East Africa’s urgent housing needs, with special reference to Ethiopia. The paper is based on a one-month field study of Ethiopia conducted in early 2011, where we investigated local bamboo value chains and their sustainability through a series of interviews, questionnaires, and site visits with local bamboo stakeholders. From the study, we found that many rural communities use bamboo extensively as a building material with widespread applications in wall, roof, ceiling, structural work and scaffolding systems. Ethiopia has a rich diversity of traditional bamboo housing designs, practices and skills. However, we also found that the sustainability of Ethiopian bamboo architecture is under threat from modernization, decreasing availability of bamboo resources, increased rural populations, and lack of adequate processing skills and modern designs. Despite these challenges, our economic analysis indicates that using ...

This paper analyses the theoretical and the epistemological assumptions of information science (IS). Different views of knowledge underlie all major issues in IS. Epistemological theories have a fundamental impact on theories about users, their cognition and information seeking behaviour, on subject analysis, and on classification. They have also fundamental impact on information retrieval, on the understanding of 'information', on the view of documents and their role in communication, on information selection, on theories about the functions of information systems and on the role of information professionals. IS must be based on epistemological knowledge, which avoids blind alleys and is not outdated. The paper shows limitations in the dominant approaches to IS and proposes alternative viewpoints. therefore can learn a lot from knowledge about basic epistemological positions. Second, that in order to overcome its difficulties, IS must change its orientation towards the family of historically oriented epistemologies.

Several ink dating methods based on solvents analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were proposed in the last decades. These methods follow the drying of solvents from ballpoint pen inks on paper and seem very promising. However, several questions arose over the last few years among questioned documents examiners regarding the transparency and reproducibility of the proposed techniques. These questions should be carefully studied for accurate and ethical application of this methodology in casework. Inspired by a real investigation involving ink dating, the present paper discusses this particular issue throughout four main topics: aging processes, dating methods, validation procedures and data interpretation. This work presents a wide picture of the ink dating field, warns about potential shortcomings and also proposes some solutions to avoid reporting errors in court.

This paper investigates the problem of the labelling of the library, documentation and information field with particular emphasis on the terms 'information' and 'document'. What influences introduced the concept of 'information' into the library field in the middle of the twentieth century? What kind of theoretical orientations have dominated the field, and how are these orientations linked to epistemological assumptions? What is the implication of the recent influence of socially oriented epistemologies for such basic concepts in IS as 'information' and 'document'? The article explores these problems and advocates an approach with emphasis on documents and on the concept 'memory institutions' as generic terms for the central object of study.

A series of efforts starting in the late nineteenth century to manage the increase in documents came to be knows as ''documentation.'' Leaders included Paul Otlet and Suzanne Briet. The concern was with access to evidence and the meaning of ''document'' was broadened to include any sign preserved to represent phenomena. Legal deposit, when extended to new modern media, required new techniques and led to a new program in documentation at the University of Tromsø, Norway, in 1996. Niels Lund, Michael Buckland, and others collaborated in forming the Document Academy and organized a series of conferences.

A. Avizul şcolii: Nr……..…/…………………….. Denumirea opţionalului: ,,Minte sănătoasă în corp sănătos '' Tipul: La nivelul ariei curriculare Nivel I si II Durata: 1 an școlar Număr de ore pe săptămână: 1 oră Autorul: Botezatu Mioara Abilitarea pentru susţinerea cursului: Profesor pentru învățământul primar, gradul didactic I Instituţia de învăţământ: Liceul Tehnologic Nr. 1 Cudalbi B. Avizul Consiliului de curriculum al Şcolii (CCŞ) CRITERII ŞI INDICATORI DE EVALUARE DA NU DA, cu recomandare I. Respectarea structurii standard a programei • Argument • Obiective de referință/Competențe specifice • Activităţi de învăţare (cel puţin una pentru fiecare obiectiv/competență) • Conţinuturi • Modalităţi de evaluare • Planificare calendaristică • Suport de curs II. Existenţa unei bibliografii III. Elemente de calitate • Respectarea particularităţilor de vârstă ale elevilor • Concordanţă cu etosul şcolii, cu interesele elevilor şi cu nevoile comunităţii • Conţinutul argumentului-oportunitatea opţionalului-realismul în raport cu resursele disponibile • Corelarea obiectivelor cu activităţile de învăţare • Corelarea obiectivelor cu unităţile de conţinut • Adecvarea modalităţilor de evaluare la demersul didactic propus DA DA, cu recomandări NU Avizul conducerii şcolii: Director: prof. Ceoromila Lilian NOTĂ: Pentru a fi acceptat proiectul de programă trebuie să întrunească "DA" la punctele I şi II şi cel puţin 5 "DA/DA, cu recomandări" la punctul III.

Teknik Industri sebagai suatu ilmu pengetahuan muncul dan berkembang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tenaga ahli dan terampil dalam mengelola sistem produksi atau sistem industri, yang melibatkan komponen-komponen manusia, material, dan mesin/fasilitas produksi. Disiplin Teknik Industri juga menyangkut pengelolaan faktor-faktor produksi dengan pertimbangan efisiensi dan efektifitas proses produksi.

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Skeletal evidence of nonritual interpersonal trauma in the central Illinois valley is currently limited to the terminal prehistoric period in the region. Sixteen percent of the entire Norris Farms Oneota skeletal sample died violently, presumably because they intruded upon small groups of Mississippians who had not yet abandoned the region. Archaeological evidence of palisades, however, suggests that the region was embroiled in conflict before the Oneota arrived though the skeletal evidence supporting more than ritualized or geographically sporadic cases of scalping or embedded projectiles has been elusive. This study examines the frequency and nature of interpersonal trauma at Orendorf, a Middle Mississippian (AD 1150–1250) site at the northern periphery of the region. Nine percent (N = 25) of all 268 individuals documented at Orendorf suffered warfare-related trauma, including 13 cases of scalping, six instances of decapitation, five individuals with healed cranial blunt force trauma, three projectile point impacts, and eight cases of projectile injuries inferred by the burial context. All of the traumatized individuals were at or above the age of 15 years and males and females were victimized equally. The trauma rate among adults is 16%, which is less than that of the Norris Farms Oneota (34%) but higher than other Mississippian groups in the Southeast. The nature of the injuries is more consistent with attacks by outsiders than codified or ritualized intragroup violence. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

China tends to spearhead its economic overtures to African countries through high-level bilateral negotiations. These are frequently in the form of China Exim Bank loans for large-scale infrastructure projects, repaid by resource exports to China. While much is made of China's resource-based activities in Africa, less focus is placed on the converse of this relationship-the infrastructure provision that African resources buy from China. This article takes the positions that local linkages development is one of the clearest ways that African countries can benefit from Chinese construction companies' market engagement. The prevailing view is that Chinese companies contracted to undertake the construction projects financed in this way do not use local labour, materials or any other inputs in the undertaking of their contracts. Focusing on the strategic orientation of large Chinese companies state-owned enterprises (SOEs) operating in Angola's construction sector, this article seeks to uncover the determinants of their sourcing behaviour, and the manner in which this is reflected in their use of local inputs.

Arranging archives is an important thing for formal administrative environments such as offices, companies, educational institutions, and others. The main purpose is none other than to make it easier when someone want to find data that has been stored for a long time. In addition, neatly stored archives can also find out which data is still active and which has expired. Thus, data that is no longer used can be removed with predetermined considerations. In compiling an archive, the arrangement of the naming format and numbering (code) must really be considered to detail. Because, if an error occurs in writing or saving, it can be fatal to affect the reputation of the office.

Binarization methods are applied to document images for discriminating the text from the background based on pure thresholding and filtering combined with image processing algorithms. The proposed binarization procedure consists of five discrete steps in image processing, for different classes of document images. A refinement technique enhances further the image quality. Results on Byzantine historical manuscripts are discussed and potential applications and further research are proposed. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a simple and robust binarization procedure for pre-filtered historical manuscripts images, and simulation results are also presented.

Usually, the differentiation of inks on questioned documents is carried out by optical methods and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Therefore, spectrometric methods were also proposed in forensic literature for the analysis of dyes. Between these techniques, laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) has demonstrated a great versatility thanks to its sensitivity to blue ballpoint ink dyes and minimal sample destruction. Previous researches concentrated mostly on the LDI-MS positive mode and have shown that this analytical tool offers higher discrimination power than high performance TLC (HPTLC) for the differentiation of blue ballpoint inks. Although LDI-MS negative mode has already been applied in numerous forensic domains like the studies of works of art, automotive paints or rollerball pens, its potential for the discrimination of ballpoint pens was never studied before. The aim of the present paper is therefore to evaluate its potential for the discrimination of blue ballpoint inks. After optimization of the method, ink entries from 33 blue ballpoint pens were analyzed directly on paper in both positive and negative modes by LDI-MS. Several cationic and anionic ink components were identified in inks; therefore, pens were classified and compared according to their formulations. Results show that additional information provided by anionic dyes and pigments significantly increases the discrimination power of positive mode. In fact, it was demonstrated that classifications obtained by the two modes were, to some extent, complementary (i.e., inks with specific cationic dyes not necessarily contained the same anionic components).

... I-II. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. Mokhtar, Mohamed Gamal el-Din. 1983. Ihnasya el-Medina (Herakleopolis Magna): Its Importance and its Role in Pharaonic History. Bibliotheque d'etude, vol. 40. Le Caire: Institut francais d'archeologie orientale. Naaman, Nadav. 1979. ...

China tends to spearhead its economic overtures to African countries through high-level bilateral negotiations. These are frequently in the form of China Exim Bank loans for large-scale infrastructure projects, repaid by resource exports to China. While much is made of China's resource-based activities in Africa, less focus is placed on the converse of this relationship-the infrastructure provision that African resources buy from China. This article takes the positions that local linkages development is one of the clearest ways that African countries can benefit from Chinese construction companies' market engagement. The prevailing view is that Chinese companies contracted to undertake the construction projects financed in this way do not use local labour, materials or any other inputs in the undertaking of their contracts. Focusing on the strategic orientation of large Chinese companies state-owned enterprises (SOEs) operating in Angola's construction sector, this article seeks to uncover the determinants of their sourcing behaviour, and the manner in which this is reflected in their use of local inputs.

Two pollen diagrams from near the Chuya Basin, Russian Altai, are presented together with results from geomorphological archives. The Kuray Range profile (2330 m a.s.l.) is situated just above the forest line and starts with the weak cooling of the middle Atlantic period (ca. 6500–5900 b.p.) that bisects the Holocene optimum, as in other parts of Siberia. Taiga (boreal coniferous forest) with Picea obovata established afterwards but was displaced at ca. 5300 b.p. by the pronounced cooling of the early Sub-boreal. A gradual recovery of taiga stopped and it disappeared around 3400 b.p. at the end of the middle Sub-boreal. Since then the climatic and vegetational conditions much resemble those of the Sub-atlantic. In the last two millennia, three climatic declines are documented in the second diagram from the Tarkhata Valley (2210 m a.s.l.) from the dry limit of Larix sibirica: a cold and wet one around the 5th century a.d., a cold and dry one around a.d. 1200 and the Little Ice Age which started around a.d. 1600. In addition, several of the climatic periods and especially local human influence can be proved by the geomorphological findings. Most of the climatic changes seem to be connected with socio-ecological changes in Asia and even Europe, with movements of the Huns and Mongols, which show the possible dimensions of global climatic change. Hints of teleconnections between Siberia, the Mediterranean and the Himalayas via the North Atlantic and the Arctic Oscillation are discussed.

Este artigo aborda a trajetória da jovem militante comunista, Genny Gleizer, presa pela polícia política paulista quando ainda era menor de idade. Transferida sucessivas vezes de presídio, em sua passagem pelo Rio de Janeiro, ela deixou bordada numa toalha a sua condição de prisioneira. A toalha atualmente integra o acervo de objetos tridimensionais do Arquivo Público do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (APERJ) e serviu como fio condutor para a elaboração do presente artigo.

All throughout the 1911 century, the city of Athens manifest a distinct character that was inspired by its history. Flourishing with Neoclassical civic architecture, it remained a modest metropolis that was planned to function harmoniously around its ancient monuments. Today in the 21st century, its landscape has undergone a radical transformation. The city has expanded uncontrollably to accommodate an ever-increasing inflow of urban migration, accumulating one half of the nation's entire population within a confined geological space. Athens has become a product of cataclysmic urban growth. Furthermore, the ancient city is becoming increasingly anonymous, sprawling, with a landscape that is subjected to dominant economic trends. My photographic work for this practice led Ph. D. critically examines the ways in which development has made an impact on the Athenian landscape, altering its physiognomy. My research draws together Eugene Atget's documentation of the city of Paris, in conjunction to Walter Benjamin's criticism of modernity to demonstrate how capitalism produced a destructive effect on culture and a loss of history to society at large. In addition, I investigate the documentary value of the work by contemporary photographer Andreas Gursky to establish the character of our own modern age, and to create a critical image of the city and its landscape in the photographs of my work. Throughout my research, l consider how Atget, Benjamin as well as Gursky utilise the aesthetic of the photographic document as a model for generating a criticism of society, new ways of perceiving the world, in addition to generating a sense of historical awareness for the observer of their work. Through particular subjects such as the industry of property development, tourism, as well as others, I explore how Athens has lost the inherent connection with its history and the cultural heritage that it is simultaneously trying to promote. Juxtaposing Athens with Old Paris, I consider how the historic parts of the city become destroyed in the interest of urban development, and argue that the present chaotic appearance of city is not only the product of its modern history, but also the outcome of capitalism as a world historic condition of our time.

This article aims to discuss the construction of images in Claudia Jaguaribe’s photographs of nature and landscape in the series “Quando eu vi.” The text seeks to demonstrate how the photographs in Jaguaribe’s work simultaneously constitute expressive materials and a reflection on the systems of logic that organize our way of perceiving and of presenting the world. Therefore, the text will examine five pieces from the abovementioned series and review the procedures performed by the artist for a critical discussion of the notions of “nature” and "landscape” in photography. The questions raised by the artist are part of the discussion on the archive in contemporary art, in which photography is considered as a device that allows a discussion of systems and codes of representation, and the landscape is seen as a device that modulates our perceptions and relations with natural and constructed spaces.

Bioarchaeologists researching historic period populations recognize that textual sources provide abundant information on ancient political, social, and economic contexts of the individuals they are investigating. These researchers however often treat these documents and inscriptions as truthful, legitimate historical narratives simply used for comparison with biological data. This case study from the Classical Near East demonstrates the utility of critically assessing textual data used in bioarchaeological research in addition to the applicability of bioarchaeology for answering research questions in Near Eastern archaeology. Multivariate assessment of non-specific indicators of stress and evidence of skeletal trauma identified homogeneous health and disease profiles among indigenous communities in provinces of Arabia and Palaestina Tertia in addition to higher trauma levels among pastoral nomadic samples. These results contrast with some forms of textual data from the region emphasizing the barbaric nature of local populations. Addressing why textual and biological data differ and including the physical, ideological, political, and cultural context of ancient writers, papyri, inscriptions, and graffiti in this case increased bioarchaeology's interpretive ability for understanding life under Roman and Byzantine rule in the Near East.

This section contains analytics collected from Academia.edu itself on my uploaded documents which includes not only my research articles but also research articles of other scholars, news items, reports,various archives created by me in this website.It gives an idea to the viewers about the views on my collection.It will be done at intervals to see the changes in the nature of the views over time.

Access to, and the cost of, mainstream financial services act as a barrier to financial inclusion for many in the developing world. The convergence of banking services with mobile technologies means however that users are able to conduct banking services at any place and at any time through mobile banking thus overcoming the challenges to the distribution and use of banking services. This research examines the factors influencing the adoption of mobile banking by people at the Base of the Pyramid (BOP) in South Africa, with a special focus on trust, cost and risk. Data for this study was collected through paper questionnaires in townships around Gauteng. This research has found that customers in the BOP will consider adopting mobile banking as long as it is perceived to be useful and to be easy to use. But the most critical factor for the customer is cost; the service should be affordable. Furthermore, the mobile banking service providers, both the banks and mobile network providers...

Collective action in agriculture and natural resource management is all too often perceived of in terms of the mere number of participants, with little consideration given to who participates, why, and the outcomes of inequitable participation. The literature is replete with cases of how uncritical approaches to participation structure positions of privilege vis-àvis project benefits and the natural resource base. Yet lessons on how to engage with local communities in ways that promote equitable participation of women, the poor and other stakeholders are only now coming to light. This paper focuses on approaches under development under the rubric of the African Highlands Initiative to bring collective action principles to bear on gender-equitable change processes in natural resource management.

This study documents the timing of epiphyseal union at the innominate, femur, tibia, and fibula in a sample of modern Portuguese skeletons. The sample was taken from the Lisbon documented skeletal collection and it is comprised of 57 females and 49 males between the ages of 9 and 25. Individuals are mostly representative of the middle-to-low socioeconomic segment of the early 20th century Lisbon population. A total of 18 anatomical locations were examined for epiphyseal union using a three-stage scheme: 1) no union; 2) partial union; and 3) completed union, all traces of fusion having disappeared. Results show that females are ahead of males by 1-2 years and provide similar age ranges for the stages of union than previous studies.

In general, Indonesian labors who are working in a broad are getting angry easily, because they have less education and do not understand what their rights. Because of these problems, Indonesian labors are easily exploited as victim of human trafficking like doing dirty works and getting mininntm pay. Illegal labors who did not have any document which are needed for working in a broad would get less protection in law.