Digital Memory

O presente trabalho examina a evolução dos direitos das crianças e adolescentes no Brasil,
investigando o papel dos movimentos sociais, especialmente o Movimento Nacional de
Meninos e Meninas de Rua, na consagração da doutrina de proteção integral à infância na
Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Ao narrar a atuação e a influência
desse movimento na promulgação da Constituição e na conquista de direitos para a infância
brasileira, pretende-se demonstrar que a mobilização social organizada conseguiu inscrever na
CRFB/88 direitos anteriormente negados pelo Estado. Com base no modelo teórico de
aprendizagem-catalise-aprendizagem, desenvolvido na obra de David Francisco Lopes Gomes,
e na leitura da Teoria da Constituição como Teoria da Sociedade, o estudo almeja narrar o
processo de aprendizagem social nesta seara, explorar novos processos de aprendizagem
advindo do reconhecimento dos direitos na CRFB/88, reconhecendo, contudo, a possibilidade
de retrocessos.

This study aims to explore how vulnerable communities, scientists and artists can collaborate to construct digital community memories to excavate opinion spaces related to socio-natural events, creating a shared and inclusive ground for mutual understanding and collective action. The proposed approach combines web archeology and digital artivism to construct community The AquaGranda digital community memory: activating climate risk awareness Universitat Oberta de Catalunya artnodes 2

Die Studie „Ostfuturistisches Erinnern. Die Transformationszeit in postsozialistischer Videokunst“ befasst sich mit künstlerischen Videoarbeiten, die die postsozialistische Transformation thematisieren. Der Fokus liegt auf Werken, die bereits mit historischer Distanz, in den 2010er-Jahren, entstanden sind. In ihnen wird die kulturelle Erinnerung an die Zeit vor und nach 1989/91 greifbar. Während die Künstler*innengruppe ŽemAt die wachsende Dekonstruktion des kulturellen Gedächtnisses an die Perestroika inszeniert, drehen sich die videokünstlerischen Historiografien von Lene Markusen, Almagul Menlibayeva und Gery Georgieva um die Paradoxien des Doing Gender in der Transformationszeit. Anna Zett erforscht umweltaktivistische Dokumente aus dem Archiv der DDR-Opposition als materielle Signaturen des Widerstands. Cooltūristės, CORO Collective und Hito Steyerl folgen der indexikalischen hin zur digitalen Erinnerung. Das ostfuturistische Erinnern wird hier somit als ein generationenspezifisches Phänomen herausgearbeitet, als Erinnerungspraxis, die auf die Zukunft gerichtet, global und dekolonial orientiert ist.

This article is on algorithmically generated memories: data on past events that are stored and automatically ranked and classified by digital platforms, before they are presented to the user as memories. By mobilising Henri Bergson's philosophy, I centre my analysis on three of their aspects: the spatialisation and calculation of time in algorithmic systems, algorithmic remembrance, and algorithmic perception. I argue that algorithmically generated memories are a form of automated remembrance best understood as perception, and not recollection. Perception never captures the totality of our surroundings but is partial and the parts of the world we perceive are the parts that are of interest to us. When conscious beings perceive, our perception is always coupled with memory, which allows us to transcend the immediate needs of our body. I argue that algorithmic systems based on machine learning can perceive, but that they cannot remember. As such, their perception operates only in the present. The present they perceive in is characterised by immense amounts of data that are beyond human perceptive capabilities. I argue that perception relates to a capacity to act as an extended field of perception involves a greater power to act within what one perceives. As such, our memories are increasingly governed by a perception that operates in a present beyond human perceptual capacities, motivated by interests and needs that lie somewhat beyond interests of needs formulated by humans. Algorithmically generated memories are not only trying to remember for us, but they are also perceiving for us.

This study aims to explore how vulnerable communities, scientists and artists can collaborate to construct digital community memories to excavate opinion spaces related to socio-natural events, creating a shared and inclusive ground for mutual understanding and collective action. The proposed approach combines web archeology and digital artivism to construct community https://artnodes.uoc.edu The AquaGranda digital community memory: activating climate risk awareness Universitat Oberta de Catalunya artnodes 2

本文从跨越七十余载的两则“伊娃的故事”入手，强调数字记忆研究既要在“智识挑战”层面揭示实践逻辑，也要在“社会意义”层面发掘并彰显实践智慧。换言之，在追求理论创新之外，它还应该致力于“明智”。本文评述有关明智社会科学的倡议和争论，回溯亚里士多德对科学、技艺和明智的区分，梳理作为“术”和“力”的两条记忆线索，并从元话语、实践和伦理三个层面阐发数字记忆研究“何以明智”。通过将“技艺”与“明智”结合，发挥“讲故事”的力量，数字记忆研究致力于追求实践之知，以此通往明亮的公共对话，拥抱价值理性的社会和政治实践，以及良好生活。

This study aims to explore how vulnerable communities, scientists and artists can collaborate to construct digital community memories to excavate opinion spaces related to socio-natural events, creating a shared and inclusive ground for mutual understanding and collective action. The proposed approach combines web archeology and digital artivism to construct community https://artnodes.uoc.edu The AquaGranda digital community memory: activating climate risk awareness Universitat Oberta de Catalunya artnodes 2

This study focuses on the importance of a Critical Digital Literacy course by designing a specific course curriculum with approaches and activities to combat presentism and cynical attitudes in digital media. The constant and intensive updating of data input and popular narratives focusing on current situations lead to societal cultural amnesia. The disconnect between past, present, and future leads to a cynical attitude toward one’s cultural, historical, and political identity. The sterilization of ideological perspectives in digital media content and the increase of generative artificial intelligence are shaping the new Algorithmic culture with
poor memory and awareness of society’s cultural identity. Resisting presentism and cynical attitudes in the New Media Ecology requires a special sensitivity and awareness of Digital Media scholars. This paper will discuss the importance of Critical Digital Literacy in memory and culture studies from multidisciplinary perspectives by identifying a new course design and curriculum content that includes memory studies and socio-cultural awareness in the digitized Algorithmic society.
Keywords: algorithmic society, cynicism, critical digital literacy, digital memory, presentism.

This study aims to explore how vulnerable communities, scientists and artists can collaborate to construct digital community memories to excavate opinion spaces related to socio-natural events, creating a shared and inclusive ground for mutual understanding and collective action. The proposed approach combines web archeology and digital artivism to construct community https://artnodes.uoc.edu The AquaGranda digital community memory: activating climate risk awareness Universitat Oberta de Catalunya artnodes 2

Clepsidra. Revista Interdisciplinaria de Estudios sobre Memoria invita a enviar artículos y participar de esta nueva convocatoria a dossier temático: "El giro digital en los procesos de memoria: transformaciones en la activación y circulación del recuerdo y del olvido"

This study aims to explore how vulnerable communities, scientists, and artists can collaborate to construct digital community memories to excavate opinion spaces related to socio-natural events, creating a shared and inclusive ground for mutual understanding and collective action. The proposed approach combines web archeology and digital artivism to construct community memories that can be used for social activation in relation to climate change. The research draws on participatory and community-based research techniques, citizen-science approaches, and digital methods to collect dispersed community-memory fragments and create an expressive space for the diverse perspectives and needs of the affected populations. It emphasises the importance of inclusivity and non-polarizing approaches for reconstructing and interpreting narrative streams that propagate in the physical and virtual world, and for representing, through digital art, extreme events and their societal impact. To illustrate the proposed approach, the AquaGranda project is here presented as a case study of community memory related to an extreme event: the high tides that occurred in Venice in November 2019.

Building the Aqua Granda digital community memory. This section focuses on the construction of the Aqua Granda Digital Community Memory itself. The first contribution is by the team from the EU ODYCCEUS project and Science Gallery Venice that played a pivotal role in setting up the computational infrastructure necessary to the Aqua Granda archive, initiating and carrying out conversations with the citizens of Venice, and contacting many other stakeholders that expanded the platform of the project. The title of their contribution is ‘How to digitally construct a community memory’, written by Costanza Sartoris, Marco Paladini, Carlo Santagiustina, Michele Schiavinato, Gabriella Traviglia.

This article suggests that the study of memory in the 21st century needs to be understood within a rapidly developing techno-social context that includes wearable and portable mobile technologies. Drawing on a pilot study involving depth interviews on camera phone use by women and men in London in 2006, the paper addresses how mobile camera phones are being used to capture and share personal image memories. The study suggests that mobile memories enable the articulation of complex gendered identities that traverse established boundaries of men and women's lifeworlds. This in turn has implications for the conceptualisation of the history of memory. Every day that we 'wear' a mobile phone our personal embodied memory is a multimedia networked gallery. It may seem the milieux de mémoire are dissolving into the lieux de mémoire of our own bodies, but if we look closely then every lieux is also a milieux.

This paper describes the participation of the Organiser Team in the ImageCLEFlifelog 2019 Solve My Life Puzzle (Puzzle) and Lifelog Moment Retrieval (LMRT) tasks. We proposed to use LIFER 2.0, an enhanced version of LIFER, which was an interactive retrieval system for personal lifelog data. We utilised LIFER 2.0 with some additional visual features, obtained by using traditional visual bag-of-words, to solve the Puzzle task, while with the LMRT, we applied LIFER 2.0 only with the provided information. The results on both tasks confirmed that by using faceted filter and context browsing, a user can gain insights from their personal lifelog by employing very simple interactions. These results also serve as baselines for other approaches in the ImageCLEFlifelog 2019 challenge to compare with.

, Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, a resumption and an expansion of a conflict that had begun with an incursion into eastern Ukraine and Crimea in 2014. In addition to the massive loss of lives and destruction of civilian infrastructure, the invasion was accompanied by an intensive propaganda campaign which distorted historical facts to stigmatize and demonize Ukrainians resisting the invasion (Ferraro 2023; US Dept. of State 2023). One common target of such distortion concerned memories about the Holocaust in Ukraine, which were instrumentalized by the Kremlin officials and pro-regime activists to present Ukrainians as the main perpetrators of the Holocaust and other Nazi crimes (e.g., Meduza 2023; Smart 2022). The dangers of propaganda-driven rewriting of the Holocaust history by the Kremlin are amplified by the risks of the physical destruction of Holocaust heritage in Ukraine. An attack against a TV tower in Kyiv in the early months of the invasion gained notoriety because of the proximity of the attack to the Babyn Yar memorial located nearby (Forensic Architecture 2022), although the memorial remained mostly intact in this case. However, a Holocaust memorial in Drobytsky Yar was damaged by the Russian shelling soon after (Lonas 2022). Multiple strikes against the Ukrainian educational centers (Dearen, Juliet, and Stashevsky 2022; Jerusalem Post

The rise of digital platforms transforms contemporary warfare by enabling new possibilities for monitoring war destruction, identifying human rights violations, and commemorating individual and collective suffering. However, to achieve these aims, it is important to ensure that war-related platform content is archived and preserved. Using Russia’s war in Ukraine as a case study, the article discusses challenges associated with the use of digital archiving for documenting and remembering modern wars and proposes a set of recommendations for preventing the disappearance of digital evidence of mass violence.

This article is on algorithmically generated memories: data on past events that are stored and automatically ranked and classified by digital platforms, before they are presented to the user as memories. By mobilising Henri Bergson's philosophy, I centre my analysis on three of their aspects: the spatialisation and calculation of time in algorithmic systems, algorithmic remembrance, and algorithmic perception. I argue that algorithmically generated memories are a form of automated remembrance best understood as perception, and not recollection. Perception never captures the totality of our surroundings but is partial and the parts of the world we perceive are the parts that are of interest to us. When conscious beings perceive, our perception is always coupled with memory, which allows us to transcend the immediate needs of our body. I argue that algorithmic systems based on machine learning can perceive, but that they cannot remember. As such, their perception operates only in the present. The present they perceive in is characterised by immense amounts of data that are beyond human perceptive capabilities. I argue that perception relates to a capacity to act as an extended field of perception involves a greater power to act within what one perceives. As such, our memories are increasingly governed by a perception that operates in a present beyond human perceptual capacities, motivated by interests and needs that lie somewhat beyond interests of needs formulated by humans. Algorithmically generated memories are not only trying to remember for us, but they are also perceiving for us.

La proliferazione di tecniche avanzate di manipolazione dell'immagine e del video ha portato alla creazione di "deepfakes", un fenomeno preoccupante che combina le tecnologie di intelligenza artificiale (AI) e di elaborazione grafica per generare falsificazioni iper-realistiche. Questi artefatti digitali rappresentano una minaccia significativa non solo per l'integrità individuale ma anche per la sicurezza collettiva e la stabilità democratica. Il presente studio esplora le metodologie di creazione dei deepfakes, evidenzia i rischi ad essi associati e discute le strategie per il loro rilevamento e mitigazione.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados finais de um estudo que reune tres geracoes de bibliotecarios/as num grupo de foco para debaterem as mudancas atuais dos comportamentos informacionais, nomeadamente os dilemas eticos introduzidos pelas novas temporalidades da informacao na memoria e morte digitais. As areas de investigacao prioritarias identificadas foram: (1) Perspetivas eticas, (2) Literacia digital, (3) Gestao de informacao pessoal e (4) Espaco biografico. As praticas de memorializacao foram consideradas necessarias, especialmente as memorias digitais e o storytelling digital na fase perimortem, os e-obituarios e a memorializacao online. A gestao dos legados digitais foi considerada uma area de negocio emergente para a qual se considera ser necessario existir normas e curadoria de informacao, enquanto garantia da integridade e da identidade digital. As interacoes tecnologicas anteriormente referidas assumem para este grupo um elemento de autorrepresentacao da identidade digital...

The dynamics of digitisation and globalisation are synergetically and dialectically changing the ways in which human beings individually and collectively capture, document, share and preserve memories of the past. This paper develops further the concept of the "globital memory field" with a discursive overview of the development of "digital memory" and the significance of zero in the meaning and practice of digital memory. The paper then explains the key elements of this epistemology, with an emphasis on the significance of zero or nothing in relation to two contrasting examples of the medical imaging of the human foetus to the capturing and sending back to Earth by NASA's Curiosity robot images from the surface of Mars.

In the field of Digital Discourse Analysis proposed by the linguist Marie-Anne Paveau (2021), the notion of text is questioned, once the native digital text, endemic from the digital ecosystem, requires a differentiated perspective, being the result of a composition of language and technology. The author claims that traditional Linguistics still applies knowledge and methods attached to printed texts when studying the digital environment, while the native digital text requires a vision guided by the technical dimension involved. Mayeur & Paveau (2020) suggest the use of the textiel notion, which contemplates a continuum between technique and language, embedding computer factors. This paper aims to present this proposal and, from this context, to reflect upon the complexity that involves the on-line text. We entail the notions of editorial enunciation and architext (JEANNERET; SOUCHIER, 1998) and the implication of those instances, which involve human and nothuman enunciators, for the study of on-line texts.

The growing application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of information retrieval (IR) affects different domains, including cultural heritage. By facilitating organisation and retrieval of large volumes of heritage-related content, AI-driven IR systems inform users about a broad range of historical phenomena, including genocides (e.g. the Holocaust). However, it is currently unclear to what degree IR systems are capable of dealing with multiple ethical challenges associated with the curation of genocide-related information. To address this question, this chapter provides an overview of ethical challenges associated with the human curation of genocide-related information using a three-part framework inspired by Belmont criteria (i.e. curation challenges associated with respect for individuals, beneficence and justice/fairness). Then, the chapter discusses to what degree the above-mentioned challenges are applicable to the ways in which AI-driven IR systems deal with genocide-related information and what can be the potential ways of bridging AI and memory ethics in this context.

This article explores how collective memory of the 1999 Marmara earthquake frames collective thinking of "the expected Istanbul earthquake" through numerous catastrophic earthquake scenarios posted on the prominent Turkish social media platform called Ekşi Sözlük for nearly two decades. The article first integrates memory, media, and disaster studies to theorize how a looming catastrophe is (re)imagined in retrospect. It then analyzes earthquake scenarios using representative samples to illustrate how the oscillatory dynamics and acts of disaster memory shape the future thinking of a not-yet-come threat within a Turkish social media ecology.

Zaman ve mekân üzerinde dijital ortamların sağladığı değişim, bu ortamların kullanıcılar için hatırlatıcı olmasına aracılık oluşturmaktadır. Bilgilerin dijitalleşen platformlar ile arşivlenmesi ve ulaşılabilir olması bireylere kolaylık sağlamaktadır. İçerik tabanlı yapısıyla YouTube, kullanıcıların profilden bağımsız olarak içeriğe odaklanmasını sağlar. YouTube video paylaşım sitesi olarak kullanıcılara sunduğu yorum sistemi ile etkileşim sağlamaktadır. Kullanıcıların yorum sistemini kullanarak deneyimlerini paylaşmalarının yanı sıra deneyimlerini aktarmalarına da olanak sağlayan bu özellik, iletişimsel bir eylem olarak hatırlamayı yorumlar aracılığıyla bir deneyime dönüştürmektedir. Kullanıcıların oluşturduğu YouTube yorumlarının iletişim ve kendini ifade etme aracı olması geçmiş deneyimlerin aktarılması açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma YouTube üzerinde paylaşılan geçmişi hatırlatan bir videonun kullanıcılar tarafından yorum alanı kullanılarak verilen yanıtlarına ve tepkilerine odaklanarak; ağa bağlı bir fenomen olarak geçmişin çevrimiçi ortamlar üzerinden yarattığı duygusal motivasyonun, kullanıcılar tarafından nasıl oluşturulduğuna dair bir analizi içermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, YouTube yorum alanının kullanılarak geçmişe yönelik deneyimlerin aktarımının yarattığı duygusal motivasyonun nasıl olabileceğini araştırmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda verilerin toplanması, YouTube platformu üzerinden geçmişin toplumsal ve kültürel deneyimlerini içeren örnek bir video paylaşımındaki kullanıcı yorumları üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, çalışmada örneklendirilen YouTube’un, kullanıcıları yorum alanı üzerinde bir araya getirerek, kolektif olarak deneyimlerin aktarılmasına olanak tanıdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca kullanıcıların günümüz yaşam koşullarında geçmiş deneyimlerini hatırlamalarının geçmişi olumlama ihtiyacını artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir.

The severe restrictions on public life following the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic affected Holocaust memorials and museums worldwide, especially in Europe, Israel, and the United States. These measures posed significant challenges to contemporary forms of Holocaust commemoration, which were based on collaborative practices of remembering, particularly related to the experience of presence at the memorial sites. In our chapter, we ask in which ways the pandemic had an accelerating effect on global Holocaust memory by tracing, analyzing, and identifying the institutionalized use of online platforms and digital formats on social media. We present results from an online survey conducted with 32 key institutions in the field of Holocaust commemoration in the Spring and Summer of 2020 and discuss them in the context of various forms of digital activities initiated by Holocaust memorials and museums in response to the pandemic. For that purpose, we have created a comprehensive database of 45 digital projects, which were released in the first months of the pandemic, and conducted a multimodal analysis of selected projects. We identified a significant increase in social media use and digital tools, in particular video formats, helping institutions to communicate virtually with potential audiences. Memorials utilized various social media features like live streams, stories, and hashtags to implement elements of participatory memory culture that offer users the possibility to participate in new collaborative forms of mediated commemoration. In doing so, they helped to establish like-minded and co-creative commemoration communities.

The digital environment has enabled the creation of new genres and formats that give birth to an array of digital-born sources at the disposal of historians. The traditional digitised sources that refer us to conventional archives are now joined by a series of on-line resources with valuable information on the history and culture of today's world, which should not be ignored by the historiography focused on studying the recent past as well as historiography aiming to analyse the dialogues between past and present. In this document, we have chosen one of those sources, blogs, and we propose methodological guidelines for their analysis. Moreover, a specific analysis is proposed on blogs related to the history and memory of the Spanish Civil War and Franco's regime.

This article examines the changes experienced by collective memory in the digital era. Contrary to the thesis that digital memory entails a new type of memory, which is radically different from the traditional conceptualization, I argue that the practice of digital memory materializes and implements the theoretical claims made by Memory Studies since the field's inceptioncollective memory conceived as a process, mediated and remediated by multiple media, with the participation of dynamic communities that perform rather than represent the past. In the article, I address what I propose are the following four major transformations that collective memory has undergone in the digital era: (1) the new ontology of the digital archive; (2) the shift from narrative as a privileged form of collective memory to the cultural form of the database; (3) the reconfiguration of agency, in which a distributed memory is performed by human and nonhuman agents in a dynamic entanglement; and (4) the shift from mnemonic objects to mnemonic assemblages, comprising persons, things, artefacts, spaces, discourses, behaviours and expressions in dynamic relatedness.

On 24 February 2022, Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, a resumption and an expansion of a conflict that had begun with an incursion into eastern Ukraine and Crimea in 2014. In addition to the massive loss of lives and destruction of civilian infrastructure, the invasion was accompanied by an intensive propaganda campaign which distorted historical facts to stigmatize and demonize Ukrainians resisting the invasion (Ferraro 2023; US Dept. of State 2023). One common target of such distortion concerned memories about the Holocaust in Ukraine, which were instrumentalized by the Kremlin officials and pro-regime activists to present Ukrainians as the main perpetrators of the Holocaust and other Nazi crimes (e.g., Meduza 2023; Smart 2022). The dangers of propaganda-driven rewriting of the Holocaust history by the Kremlin are amplified by the risks of the physical destruction of Holocaust heritage in Ukraine. An attack against a TV tower in Kyiv in the early months of the invasion gained notoriety because of the proximity of the attack to the Babyn Yar memorial located nearby (Forensic Architecture 2022), although the memorial remained mostly intact in this case. However, a Holocaust memorial in Drobytsky Yar was damaged by the Russian shelling soon after (Lonas 2022). Multiple strikes against the Ukrainian educational centers (Dearen, Juliet, and Stashevsky 2022; Jerusalem Post

The rise of digital technologies has caused a major shift in memory studies. The unprecedented possibilities for storing and retrieving information enabled by platforms not only expand capacities for preserving memory-related content for individuals and collectives but also challenge existing memory power structures. An integral constituent of the scholarly assessment of these transformations is the increased focus on the memory actors' agency and connectivity. Despite the importance of such a user-centric focus, the article argues that it can be limiting for the field of (digital) memory studies conceptually and methodologically. Under the condition when platforms and their algorithms turn into (hegemonic) memory actors themselves and determine what data memory scholars and the general public can (not) access, there is a pressing need for critically revisiting the key assumptions about memory in the digital age. To address this need, the article discusses the fundamental premises of a more infrastructure-centric approach to memory studies together with the conceptual and methodological implications of its adoption for studying individual and collective remembrance.

Concerns exists regarding natural disasters, but what about the resulting power outages? This study investigates the characteristics of a digital visual narrative depicting the loss of electrical power after a natural disaster to identify how such situations are represented in images found on the internet. A qualitative approach with an exploratory scope was taken using digital methods. Six events in different places were selected, and 4691 images were analyzed using the Google Cloud Vision API. A constant comparison method was used to identify categories from these images. Then, a manual analysis was performed on a sample of the images of each event, and then categorized. It was found that more than half of the images refer to categories such as infrastructure, nature, and hazards, while the energy category was represented in 13.02% of the images. Most images were photographs; however, the non-photographic images found contained useful information regarding energy. Even when all ev...

The memorialization of mass atrocities such as war crimes and genocides facilitates the remembrance of past suffering, honors those who resisted the perpetrators, and helps prevent the distortion of historical facts. Digital technologies have transformed memorialization practices by enabling less top-down and more creative approaches to remember mass atrocities. At the same time, they may also facilitate the spread of denialism and distortion, attempt to justify past crimes and attack the dignity of victims. The emergence of generative forms of artificial intelligence (AI), which produce textual and visual content, has the potential to revolutionize the field of memorialization even further. AI can identify patterns in training data to create new narratives for representing and interpreting mass atrocities-and do so in a fraction of the time it takes for humans. The use of generative AI in this context raises numerous questions: For example, can the paucity of training data on mass atrocities distort how AI interprets some atrocity-related inquiries? How important is the ability to differentiate between human-and AI-made content concerning mass atrocities? Can AI-made content be used to promote false information concerning atrocities? This article addresses these and other questions by examining the opportunities and risks associated with using generative AIs for memorializing mass atrocities. It also discusses recommendations for AIs integration in memorialization practices to steer the use of these technologies toward a more ethical and sustainable direction.

Статья является частью исследования, посвященного изучению правового статуса и норм государственного регулирования питейного промысла в России. В статье приведен анализ формирования государственной регалии на пития с XVI в. и до начала реформ Екатерины II в XVIII в. Целью ретроспективного анализа является выявление изменений в государственно-правовом регулировании питейного промысла и определение эффективности мероприятий, осуществляемых российским государством. Начиная с правления Ивана IV торговля алкоголем рассматривалась государством как источник пополнения казны. Но на разных этапах истории России винная монополия сталкивалась с различными проблемами: тайным корчемством, вольным обращением с казенными доходами, распространением пьянства и беспорядков из-за чрезмерной активности откупщиков в попытках собрать прибыль на питейный налог, конкуренцией между целовальниками и откупщиками за сбыт алкоголя, конкуренцией дворянства и купечества за право производства хмельных напитков, пр...

Une capsule temporelle est une œuvre de sauvegarde collective de biens et d'informations, comme témoignage destiné aux générations futures. Elle peut être intentionnellement créée et enterrée, souvent lors d’une cérémonie programmant la date de son ouverture, ou résulter d’une catastrophe, comme le site archéologique de Pompéi. Si les capsules temporelles remontent aux premières formes de civilisation écrite, comme en Mésopotamie, elles sont aussi au cœur des pratiques des artistes contemporains qui souhaitent constituer une archive de leur vie quotidienne, comme le faisait Andy Warhol. La description des capsules temporelles soulève des questions symboliques sur ce qu’une société ou un individu souhaite transmettre aux générations futures. Mais elle pose aussi des problèmes d’infrastructure matérielle. Comment stocker les objets dans une capsule temporelle de façon à constituer une totalité signifiante ? Comment conserver ces données de façon à ce qu’elles se préservent dans de...

Today, social media plays a vital role in providing information to the public through various platforms including traditional and digital media. In March 2020, the government had announced the Movement Control Order (MCO) due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in Malaysia. As a result of globalization, COVID-19 shows that pandemic breakouts pose a significant threat to the world. However, using social media to promote campaigns during COVID-19 has its own drawbacks, such as the difficulty of recognizing promoted content. Social media sites have evolved into one of the most important sources of information as well as a platform for spreading dangerous rumors. Thus, it is also under severe pressure to regulate disease misinformation that is pushing people in the wrong direction. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify which social media platforms are more effective towards effectiveness campaigns during COVID-19. Researchers employed quantitative surveys, which were distributed across all social media platforms from various people. In sampling, researchers have referred to Roasoft Sample Size Calculator [11]. A total of 162 respondents responded to the survey. The findings of this research prove that Malaysians are using social media for promoting the effectiveness campaign during COVID-19, with M=3.44 being the highest. Furthermore, males are the most effective in promoting the COVID-19 campaigns, with a score of 0.262.

The aim of this paper is to research the impact to emerging theory based on the relation between the architect and his work in a digital approach to the process of design and realization by the principle of Digital Chain. Digital Chain is an uninterruptible digital process consisting of design (idea, coding, geometrics), through construction (structure, junction, prototyping) to production (fabrication) with every step as a programmed entity connected by CAAD/CAM technology universal interfaces. The term Digital Chain is defined and researched (theoretically, experimentally and practically) by the CAAD Chair at ETHZ within the research projects of this institute. Digital Chain is not continuous without the role and position of the architect as the fluid energy and expert that investigates how digital technology is changing, i.e. the entire process of the chain, simultaneously adapting to it.In that sense architecture appears as an open work (Umberto Eco) without final definitions an...

作为一场旷日持久的“灾难马拉松”，新冠肺炎疫情几乎触及到社会的每一个角落，众多个体的亲身经验在社交媒体上汇聚成多声部的疫情叙事，蕴含着巨大的公共记忆潜能。从数字记忆和见证书写的研究视角出发，本文借助“连接性见证”的概念，通过对豆瓣话题“#和新冠肺炎疫情有关的记忆”的分析，揭示个体如何见证、书写疫情，个体经验如何相互勾连，生成公共记忆。研究发现，身处疫情中心和世界各地的个体在豆瓣平台上展开多模态的记忆实践，接力完成了一场马拉松式的瘟疫书写。经由个体和社区层面的连接机制，这些书写转化为平台化的公共记忆。数字“瘟疫年纪事”构造出一份兼具韧性和脆弱性的新冠档案，也激发出以个体为单位、以连接为机制的弥漫性的数字记忆伦理。

2020年东京奥运开幕式触发了中国网友对2008年北京奥运的追忆，掀起了一场对过往媒介事件的大规模数字重访。数以万计网民投入其间的记忆实践，展现出自发连接与集体追忆之间的张力，也在连接记忆和事件链的脉络中揭示出媒介事件的追忆机制及其后果。围绕着对2008年奥运开幕式影像的重温，以个体为核心的参与者在视频网站和社交媒体上抚今追昔，合力构造出追忆的热点时刻。由此展开的跨平台连接性记忆实践在行动、叙事和情感层面相互交汇、激荡，彰显出鲜明的集体性和强烈的民族自豪感。由是观之，连接记忆与集体记忆并非非此即彼，而是呈现出复杂的交错、互动与延续。

论文以“蔚蓝地图”环保应用为核心，从连结行动和环境治理的视角出发，通过走查法、深度访谈和内容分析等方法，考察这款移动应用从设计到运用所激发的公共参与想象和实践及其历时性变化，以此探讨数据行动在中国的发展轨迹和运作机制。研究发现，在蔚蓝地图从小众APP发展为公众APP的过程中，一直凸显“万众参与”的连结想象；依托它展开的数据行动初期呈现为基于个体参与的“连结式”连结行动，后期逐渐转向由环保组织主导的“组织化”连结行动，并日益汇入环境治理的常规轨道。无论是连结想象还是连结实践，都折射出数字连结和环境治理逻辑的碰撞。

Background
Holocaust memory and learning processes have become increasingly mediatised as a result of rapid technological advances. There is, however, little information available regarding how people learn about this topic informally through social media.

Objectives
This paper explores how adult learners develop their learning ecologies by using social media to learn about the Holocaust informally.

Methods
The study uses a learning ecology perspective to analyse the interests, expectations and learning process of a group of adult learners (N = 276). An online survey tool was developed to collect information on the interests, expectations, and benefits of learning about Holocaust-related topics among online users of four Italian Holocaust museums' social media profiles (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise the characteristics of the sample and to answer the research questions.

Results and Conclusions
The results show that most of the respondents are mostly women, with an average age of 50 and a higher level of education. In terms of interest and expectations, they are particularly interested in issues related to the intertwining of transnational and national memory. They also express a sense of civic responsibility with regard to the legacy of the Holocaust. Finally, components of the learning process show proactive behaviour and a preference for individual learning, while interaction with peers is considered less important.

The memorialization of mass atrocities such as war crimes and genocides facilitates the remembrance of past suffering, honors those who resisted the perpetrators, and helps prevent the distortion of historical facts. Digital technologies have transformed memorialization practices by enabling less top-down and more creative approaches to remember mass atrocities. At the same time, they may also facilitate the spread of denialism and distortion, attempt to justify past crimes and attack the dignity of victims. The emergence of generative forms of artificial intelligence (AI), which produce textual and visual content, has the potential to revolutionize the field of memorialization even further. AI can identify patterns in training data to create new narratives for representing and interpreting mass atrocities-and do so in a fraction of the time it takes for humans. The use of generative AI in this context raises numerous questions: For example, can the paucity of training data on mass atrocities distort how AI interprets some atrocity-related inquiries? How important is the ability to differentiate between human-and AI-made content concerning mass atrocities? Can AI-made content be used to promote false information concerning atrocities? This article addresses these and other questions by examining the opportunities and risks associated with using generative AIs for memorializing mass atrocities. It also discusses recommendations for AIs integration in memorialization practices to steer the use of these technologies toward a more ethical and sustainable direction.

Este livro resulta de pesquisa desenvolvida em meio ao entusiasmo pela promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente em 1990. A década que se iniciava foi marcada por debates em torno de leis para regulamentar os direitos estabelecidos na nova constituição brasileira, promulgada em 1988. Um dos temas mais destacados dizia respeito aos direitos da infância e juventude, o que motivou em grande parte a nossa pesquisa.
A conclusão das propostas no plano jurídico-institucional não exauriu o debate e nem eliminou os problemas em torno desse tema tão importante. Nos anos recentes, o enfrentamento da violência, do abandono e da exploração de crianças e jovens permanece desafiando a todos os que se dedicam ao aprimoramento das políticas públicas.
Foi tendo em vista uma contribuição modesta para o debate atual sobre as políticas públicas voltadas para a infância e adolescência que me senti estimulada a publicar essa pesquisa histórica, quando se comemora a terceira década do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. As novas tecnologias de informação - ainda pouco desenvolvidas quando o estudo foi realizado - são um estímulo adicional para essa publicação.

大流行病迫使的禁闭和隔离导致了技术变革传播的加剧，这是在过去四分之一世纪实现的，智力工作转向家庭办公，以及在高等教育中转向视频小组会议和视频讲座，议会会议、宪法法院听证会和其他决策会议转向视频会议。这个社会是在互联网上组织起来的，由于它作为世界互联网的出现，部分是自发的，部分是由于美国领导下的第一批互联网科技公司的主导，故意将其影响扩散到全世界，所以随后互联网的传播与国家主权有了交集。
网络空间社会在很大程度上是围绕着互联网平台组织的，其中一些平台（如谷歌、脸书、推特等）已经服务并控制着数十亿人的活动，即人类的三分之一。但超出这个范围的网络平台（如电子政务或决策机构的内部网络）也有一部分与互联网相连。因此，互联网的无缝性是社会运行的基本要求，随着物联网（IoT），即自动驾驶汽车的云端连接操作在未来几年内的盛行，它将成为最重要的基本要求。
社会向互联网上的网络空间平台的转移，创造了一个全面记录社会活动的数字轨迹，而过去在物理空间中进行的社会活动基本上是不可察觉的。我们在这里做的每一件事都会留下我们思想和行动的数字痕迹，通过连接这些痕迹，个人对于能够接触到这些痕迹的外部观察者来说，比他们自己更加了解。这就是网络空间的全面数据爆炸，每小时和每天产生的数十亿和数万亿的数据在几秒钟内被快如闪电的算法处理，得出结论。
个人和数据社会将在数千个新的维度上变得可衡量和可分类，而不是他们一直可衡量的少数维度（人口统计学、健康指标），一个计量社会将出现。随着新的数据分组进入数千个维度，数百个新的、以前未知的指标将被创造出来，个人将在一套新的尺度上根据这些指标进行评估。取代过去的大量相同和被认为的平等，将被突出的、所有人都能看到的差异将对公制社会产生成千上万的新影响。

Dès l’Antiquité, la préservation de la mémoire du passé s’est accompagnée de l’idée que l’on ne pouvait pas tout conserver : un récit, un monument, une tablette d’inventaire, un sanctuaire, voilà autant de lieux de mémoire qui ne racontent toujours qu’une partie de l’histoire. Mais à l’ère numérique, du fait de la capacité de stockage de l’information illimitée, tout est
conservé. Dès lors, qu’advient-il de la mémoire et en particulier, de la mémoire du passé ?

La coexistence « numérique » et « analogique » des objets du patrimoine antique présuppose en effet un rapport inédit à la matérialité et à la localisation de cette mémoire. Il s’agit, dans cette conférence, de s’interroger collectivement sur ce rapport inédit, à l’heure où le patrimoine mondial culturel et naturel est menacé par les effets du réchauffement climatique et par des destructions humaines.

Les intervenant·e·s s’interrogent sur la place du patrimoine antique à l’ère numérique, sur ses enjeux et sur la constitution d’une mémoire du passé.

Este artículo estudia cuatro intervenciones performáticas que de maneras diversas dan a conocer y problematizan el desarrollo de los juicios por crímenes de lesa humanidad en Argentina: Genocida suelto, de la Fuerza Artística de Choque Comunicativo (FACC), Cuarto intermedio, de Félix Bruzzone y Monica Zwaig, y las declaraciones testimoniales en sede judicial de la escritora Raquel Robles y de la cantante y compositora Malena D’Alessio. Por medio del análisis de una performance de calle, otra de sala y dos testimonios que concluyeron con sendos asaltos performáticos sobre la escena judicial, se exploran las estrategias desplegadas para implicar a nuevas audiencias en la búsqueda activa de justicia. En particular, se indaga en los afectos que las mismas buscan movilizar y en las posibilidades de transmisión de las memorias que pueden habilitar distintos tipos de performances.

Selfies at Auschwitz have become increasingly popular, and have generated agitated public debate. While some see them as an engaged form of witnessing, others denounce them as a narcissistic desecration of the dead. We analyze the taking, composition, and circulation of several of the most popular selfies of Auschwitz and the online reactions to them. The practice of selfies marks a shift from witness to witnessee and from onsite to online presence. Yet it also builds on previous practices: photography, postcards and souvenirs, the affordances of the architecture of the memorial site, the bodily presence of the survivor-witness as mediator of the Holocaust, and the redemptive value assigned to the physical presence of the visitor as “witness of the witness.” We suggest that the combination of continuities with the past alongside the radical break with previous witnessing practices empowers selfie-takers, while arousing the indignation of gatekeepers of Holocaust memory.