Dental Hygiene

Le manuel indispensable pour les élèves en Bac Pro Prothèse Dentaire ! 🦷✨

Après 13 ans d’expérience dans l’enseignement et la prothèse dentaire, j’ai rassemblé tout mon savoir-faire dans un manuel pédagogique complet dédié aux étudiants en Bac Pro. 📚

✅ Un contenu clair et structuré pour maîtriser les bases et les techniques avancées
✅ Des explications précises et illustrées pour faciliter l’apprentissage
✅ Un guide pratique qui accompagne les futurs prothésistes pas à pas

Que tu sois étudiant, formateur ou passionné par le métier, ce manuel est l’outil parfait pour progresser et réussir ta formation ! 🚀

Prevalence varies according to different authors. Thus, it was found 0.38% in Turkey, 0.13% in Saudi Arabia, 0.43% in India. Prevalence in syndromic patients is significantly higher. Tooth transpositions are observed at a rate of 14.29% in patients with Down's syndrome and at a rate of 4.1% in cleft palate patients. According to most researchers, transposition is more frequent in women, in the maxilla, as a unilateral condition and in the left facial half [4]. Unilateral tooth transpositions have been reported far more

Objective: While gingivitis and caries continue to be prevalent issues, there is growing concern about dental erosion induced by dietary acids. An oral hygiene product that protects against all these conditions would be beneficial. This study investigated the potential of two anti-erosion dentifrices to inhibit plaque. Methods: This was a randomized, three-period, two-treatment, double-blind, crossover study evaluating a stannous chloride ⁄ sodium fluoride dentifrice (SnCl 2 ⁄ NaF, blend-a-med â Pro Expert) and a popular anti-erosion dentifrice (NaF, Sensodyne â ProNamel TM). During Period 3, subjects were randomized to repeat one treatment to evaluate any product carryover effects. Each treatment period was 17 days. Test dentifrices were used with a standard manual toothbrush. Digital plaque image analysis (DPIA) was employed at the end of each period to evaluate plaque levels (i) overnight (AM prebrush); (ii) post-brushing with the test product (AM post-brush); and (iii) mid-afternoon (PM). Analysis was conducted via an objective computer algorithm, which calculated total area of visible plaque. Results: Twenty-seven subjects completed the study. At all time points, subjects had statistically significantly (P £ 0.0001) lower plaque levels after using the SnCl 2 ⁄ NaF dentifrice than the NaF dentifrice. The antiplaque benefit for the SnCl 2 ⁄ NaF dentifrice versus the NaF dentifrice was: AM prebrush = 26.0%; AM post-brushing = 27.9%; PM = 25.7%. Conclusions: The SnCl 2 ⁄ NaF dentifrice provided significantly greater daytime and overnight plaque inhibition than the NaF toothpaste. When recommending dentifrice to patients susceptible to dental erosion, clinicians can consider one that also inhibits plaque.

To cite this article: Int J Dent Hygiene 5, 2007; 82-86 Airila-Månsson S, Bjurshammar N, Yakob M, Sö der B. Self-reported oral problems, compared with clinical assessment in an epidemiological study. Abstract: Objectives: To study self-reported oral problems in relation to periodontal clinical findings in an epidemiological investigation. Materials and methods: 1676 individuals, 828 men and 848 women, participated. The clinical examination comprised the number of remaining teeth excluding third molars, plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP%), calculus index (CI) and the number of teeth with pocket depth (PD) ‡5 mm. Participants answered a questionnaire concerning smoking and snuffing habits and described in their own words any oral problems present. Analysis of variance (anova), unpaired t-test and chi-squared test were the statistical methods used. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 99.4% of participants. Problems of the teeth and mouth were reported by 28.9% of respondents comprising 31.8% females and 26.2% males. The

Objectives
To assess the impact of COVID-19 on oral hygiene (OH) awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, fear of infection and economic impact in the Middle East.

Methods
This survey was performed by online distribution of questionnaires in three countries in the Middle East (Jordan, Iraq and Egypt). The questionnaire consisted of five sections: the first section was aimed at collecting demographic data and the rest sections used to assess OH awareness, attitude towards dental treatment, degree of fear and economic impact of COVID-19. The answers were either multiple choice, closed-end (Yes or No) or 5-point Likert scale for the last four sections.

Results
A total of 3782 respondents completed the questionnaire. Overall, OH awareness was low (mean ±SD; 1.84 ± 1.03), while attitude towards dental treatment (5.04 ± 1.68) and economic impact (11.29 ± 4.37) were moderately affected. In addition, fear of infection showed moderately high level (14.04 ± 4.11). All subgroups of the demographic variables showed significant differences among them in relation to OH awareness and attitude towards dental treatment. The regression model suggested country, gender, age, education level, income level and fear as predictors for OH awareness (R2 0.036) and attitude towards dental care (R2 0.141).

Conclusions
The pandemic negatively impacted the level of OH awareness. However, the attitude towards dental treatment was moderately affected. Increasing public fear and compromised economy influenced OH awareness and the attitude towards dental treatment.

Dental school graduates have many options following graduation. Many are pursuing additional education and training by doing a residency program. As more graduates consider this career path, these programs have become more competitive. This study evaluates the competitiveness of match programs in dental residency programs by assessing data over a 9-year period for programs in the National Matching Service. The number of applicants participating in the match, number of positions offered, number of positions filled, and number of positions unfilled were analyzed for General Practice Residency (GPR), Advanced Education in General Dentistry (AEGD), Oral Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS), Pediatric Dentistry (PED), Orthodontics (ORTHO) and Dental Anesthesiology (ANES). The result has been an overall increase in number of applicants for these programs. Based on positions offered, ORTHO, PED, and OMS are the most competitive programs. PED programs were the most competitive due to the increase in applicants and relatively unchanged available positions.

The limited access to oral health care in developing countries can be greatly improved by integrating oral health into the Primary Health Care (PHC) system. This study was designed to assess the views of PHC workers on integrating oral health care into the PHC system. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in two selected local government areas of Lagos State. The instrument contained three sections assessing sociodemographic features, knowledge of common oral diseases and views on integration of oral health into PHC respectively. The mean knowledge score was 7.75 (SD=±1.81), while 60.4% of the respondents had average knowledge scores. Educational status (P=0.018) and designation (P=0.033) were significantly related to the mean knowledge scores. There was no significant difference in the oral health knowledge of the various cadres (P=0.393). Majority (85.4%) of the respondents were willing to include oral health education in their job schedule and 82% believed they n...

Bu sunumda diş hekimlerinin çalışma koşulları ve daha sağlıklı ve güvenli nasıl çalışmaları gerektiği ele alınmıştır. temel olarak üç unsur ele alınmıştır. Çalışma koşullarının güvenliği ve özellikle de laboratuvar koşullarının güvenliği, radyasyon ve radyolojik açıdan güvenlik ve ALARA PRENSİBİ, enfeksiyon ve çeşitli hastalıklara karşı sağlık açıdan güvenlik ile çalışma koşulları açıdan daha sağlıklı nasıl çalışılmalı konuları ele alınmıştır. Bu konuda belkide ilk kez hazırlanmış bu sunumun ilginizi çekeceğini düşünüyorum. Bu sunum 7 aralık 2017 tarihinde saat 19 da M.E.G.A SÜREKLİ VE ÜCRETSİZ EĞİTİMLER 6.OTURUMunda Diş hekimlerine anlatılmıştır. Sunumun adı DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE İŞ GÜVENLİĞİ olarak belirlenmiştir.

Following a meeting at the EUROPERIO in Berlin in 2003, a forum on Independent Practice of Dental Hygienists was held at the International Symposium on Dental Hygiene (ISDH) in Madrid July, 2004. The forum was organized and moderated by Beate Gatermann, President of the German Dental Hygiene Association. The participants were asked to address the following issues: population of country/state; population of dentists; population of state recognized dental hygienists (Canada/USA etc.); number of hygienists with 'Diploma' (Europe); duration of dental hygiene education; cost of education (2/3 year base approximately); when and how independent practice began in the country and who must be consulted or approve the application for an independent office (e.g. Health Department); what services are allowed? Can dental hygienists administer local anaesthesia in the dental office, and if so, must a dentist be present? Can dental hygienists purchase the necessary medication for the inject...

Effective disinfection of surfaces, instruments and hands has always been critical to minimise infection risks in dental practices. Given the current Covid-19 situation, infection prevention measures will be paramount as practices begin to reopen for routine dentistry. In the current climate, selecting the most appropriate disinfectants and using them correctly will play a vital role. The main function of a disinfectant lies in its ability to eliminate or inactivate microorganisms. Therefore, a key step in the selection process is ensuring the disinfectant has the required level of biocidal activity. Disinfection manufacturers provide efficacy data relating to the two key criteria of contact time and required concentration. This data should be based on product testing which is both rigorous and repeatable. In Europe, this means being tested to the European Norms (EN), which remain the 'gold standard' tests for disinfectants in the UK. These standards have a number and are 'version controlled' by the stated year.

ABSTRACT: Endodontic treatment involves removal of infected tissue and microorganisms from within the root canal space to prevent further infection of the periradicular tissues as well as to allow healing of these tissues. This critical process involves the use of some chemical substances for disinfection of the root canal space. Studies have shown that contemporary chemical agents do not achieve complete disinfection, and have other disadvantages like weakening of the tooth structure, predisposing to fracture of the tooth. Recently, there has been a growing trend to seek natural remedies as part of dental treatment. This may be termed as ethnopharmacology or phytotherapy. This paper aims at providing a review that focuses on the natural agents and procedures that have been evaluated in endodontics.
KEYWORDS: Endodontics, Alternative dentistry, Naturopathy, Aryuveda, Homeopathy, Aromatherapy, Hypnosis.
| Dr  VINEET  VINAYAK | dr VINEET vinayak

ABSTRACT: Success or failure of endodontic treatment depends, among other parameters, on an accurate determination of the working length. Electronic apex locators (EALs) are a routinely used procedure in endodontic practice; yet their accuracy has been reported to vary from 35%  to 100%. The operating systems of the EALs (frequency or impedance quotient) and different investigative methodologies explain the higher accuracy obtained with the current generation of devices. It is difficult to draw conclusions on the basis of the results obtained with the new generation EALs because of research variables that can influence the results. KEYWORDS: Apex locators, Endodontics, Root apex, Working length
| Dr VINEET VINAYAK | |Dr VINEET VINAYAK |

Abstract:  Health, education and social services are placing increasing emphasis on preventing abuse and neglect by early intervention to support families where children and young people may be at risk. Dental hygienist and dental assistants, like all other health professionals, can have a part in recognizing and preventing children from those who would cause them harm. They should be aware of the warning signs, recognizing what to consider as abuse or dental neglect and know how to deal with these young patients, and to fulfil their legal and ethical obligation to report suspected cases.The purpose of this report is to review the oral and dental aspects of child abuse and dental neglect thus helping the dental team in detecting such conditions. In particular, this report addresses the evaluation of bite marks as well as perioral and intraoral injuries, infections, early childhood caries and diseases that may be indicative of child abuse or neglect.Emphasis is placed on an appropriate protocol to follow in the dental practice to best treat and protect children who may have suffered abuse, helping the team in the diagnosis and documentation.

The aim of this study was to compare the amount of tooth colour change, rebound rate and tooth sensitivity in patients submitted to a bleaching technique with 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with or without 2% nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA). Sixty subjects were included in this examiner-blinded, randomized clinical trial using a 6% HP gel with or without 2% n-HA. Tooth colour and tooth sensitivity were analysed before and after treatment. All data were analysed statistically. After bleaching, both treatments demonstrated significant improvements in tooth shade (P < 0.05 for both groups). At the 9-month recall, tooth shade remained significantly lighter than at baseline (P < 0.05 for both groups). However, a relapse of the tooth shade was observed compared with the immediate post-bleaching result (P < 0.05). 6% HP with 2% n-HA produced significantly lower sensitivity (P < 0.05) than the bleaching product without n-HA. Colour change evaluation resulted in no difference between the t...

This article describes the aetiology and specific diagnoses of two different children that presented to the dental surgery with a form of dental caries. The management of both cases is being discussed as well as the differences in the prevention of early childhood caries.

The eight edition of this most widely read text of Endodontics “Pathways of the Pulp” was brought out in 2000 and its Indian Edition was printed in 2002 by Harcourt (India) Private Limited. It is  very laudable that the Indian Edition is made available which make it afforable for all the Indian professionals and students of Endodontics, who need to not only study in -dpth but also need to keep referring to it frequently for some or the other endodontic problems. It is the most current, printed textbook in a digital world, where scientific, medical, dental and technological advances occure on an almost daily basis. The book reframes that fundamental and universal shaping and a meticulous obturation - into an evidence based, will ilustrated (more that 2000 illustrations)textbook that represented the highly evolved field of endodontics at the beginning of the 21 century. While the text has been kept simple, precise and easy to understand, the clear an descriptive illustrations demonstrate the day to day clinical problems and their effective troubleshooting faced by the clinicians. The new edition has 1031 pages compared to the previous edition, which had 892 pages. Obviously the text has been expanded, giving the latest developments in the field similarly, number of contributors have also increased in this  edition. The old edition had 39 contributors, of which few are replaced
Book-Review PATHWAYS OF THE PULP  8th EDITION Stephen Cohen  and  Richard. C. Burns Harcourt (India) Private LImited *Vinayak V  and **Shah N
| Dr VINEET VINAYAK | VINEET vinayak

The Dental Hygiene Program is a fairly recent addition in the field of the health professions in Portugal. In the past 19 years, the programme has developed community activities alongside with clinical work. This programme provides an education that is responsive, scientific and professional, in a learning environment that is dynamic, student-centred and that encourages collaboration between students and faculty. The community activities play a major role in the curricula of the programme and allow the students to develop skills in working with a wide range of population groups and to attend to their specific needs. Dental hygienists are integrated in health teams and work under the supervision of a physician or a dentist. Among other responsibilities, the following functions are part of the scope of the profession: to participate in health education programmes and sensitise the population to the prevention of dental diseases, to participate in the planning, implementation, and eval...

Ingin tampil lebih percaya diri dengan pasang gigi palsu permanen di Jogja? Disini tempatnya untuk pasang gigi tiruan di Yogyakarta. Kami siap melayani implan gigi palsu sesuai kebutuhan Anda dengan ditangani oleh dokter gigi dan perawat gigi terbaik dan kompeten. Kami melayani pemasangan gigi palsu permanen, gigi palsu lepasan, gigi palsu akrilik, gigi palsu valplast, pemasangan crown (mahkota tiruan) dan gigi palsu lain yang aman dan nyaman untuk anak, ibu hamil, orang tua, dan orang dewasa. Siap melayani masyarakat Piyungan, Berbah, Prambanan, Kalasan, Patuk, Dlingo, Banguntapan, Bantul, Sleman, Wonosari, Wates, Jogja, dan sekitarnya. Kami percaya kepuasan dan kesehatan pelanggan adalah prioritas utama kami. Kami siap melayani segala jenis pemasangan gigi palsu permanen dan lepasan dengan berbagai model dan kebutuhan yang terbaru, ternyaman dan paling aman.

Objectives Aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances on the tooth color of patients. Methods Nine databases were searched up to May 2017 for clinical cohort studies on the effect of fixed appliance treatment on tooth color. After elimination of duplicate studies, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment according to the Cochrane guidelines, random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MD) or means and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) assessment of the quality of evidence. Results Three nonrandomized and one randomized study with a total of 138 patients (46% male, 54% female) with average age of 15.7 years were included. Tooth color of treated patients was significantly altered during or after orthodontic treatment (4 studies; average of 3.2 E units; 95% CI = 2.0–4.4 E units), which was more than the variation among controls (1 study; MD = 1.9 E units; 95% CI = 1.7–2.2 E units). However, the quality of evidence was very low, due to the inclusion of nonrandomized studies, bias, and imprecision. Re-analysis of raw study data indicated that significant differences in clinically discernable treatment-induced color changes were seen between chemically and light-cured adhesives and among the various tooth categories. Conclusion Existing evidence of very low quality indicates that orthodontic treatment might be associated with alterations of tooth color, which are however not consistently clinically discernible. Treatment-induced color alterations might be dependent on bonding material and tooth type, but evidence supporting this is weak.

One of the factors that affects oral health is behavior. Positive behavior is
based on enough knowledge. Low knowledge level is a predisposing factor of
health behavior that leads to disease appearance. Caries is a common oral health
problem mostly complained by the people. The aim of this study is to determine
the correlation between knowledge of caries with PTI and OHI-S in dental
hygiene students faculty of dentistry Gadjah Mada University.
This study is a survey analytic study with a cross sectional design. The
population was 124 dental hygiene students taken from the first until fourth grade
with inclusion criteria taken randomly stratified. Data collection techniques using
questionnaires and checklist that include dental health check DMF-T and OHI-S.
Techniques of data analysis using spearman test with significance level 95%.
The result shows that there is no correlation between knowledge of caries
with PTI (r = 0.152 p = 0.091). There is a negative significant correlation between
knowledge of caries with OHI-S (r = -2.23 p = 0.013). In conclusion, there is no
correlation between knowledge of caries with PTI; The higher knowledge of
caries, the lower OHI-S score.

To estimate the influence of educational level and oral hygiene behaviours on the prevalence and severity of dental caries and periodontal disease in an adult Italian population attending the Oral Hygiene department of a public Dental Clinic. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The DMFT index (decayed, missing, filled tooth) was used to record the dental caries' experience. The periodontal status was assessed using the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Questionnaires on educational level and oral hygiene behaviours were also collected. A total of 350 patients were enrolled. The mean DMFT value reported was 4.37 ± 3.06, and higher values were observed for male patients (P < 0.05). Increased CPITN scores and DMFT values were significantly correlated with lower level of education (P < 0.05). Subjects of high educational status showed significantly better oral hygiene habits (P < 0.05). The oral health statu...

In a globalized world of cut throat competition the survival of any dental clinic depends on the performance of the dentists. This requires designing enriched forms of occupational environment for increasing the job satisfaction and improving ergonomics. Effective practices of improving the work environment have a positive influence on the occupational health, performance and job satisfaction of the dentist. Work environment can be identified as the place that one works. Setting up the dental clinic in an appropriate environment is bound to influence the work life of the dentist and hence the work spot must be located in an apt and conducive environment. The work place should help free flow of work and free movement of the dental staff. If there is no sufficient work space, there will be unnecessary movement of staff and cause delay in completion of work schedule, resulting in crowded and cramped work space creating an adverse psychological impact on the dentist. The dental staff must be routinely reviewed on how important professionalism and demeanor is to a patient's perception of the dental clinic. Dental instruments must be stored in sealed paper pouches and kept in a storage area which contains a separate enclosed storage for sterile items and single-use disposable items. Instruments and dental supplies must never be stored under sinks or in wet areas. Holders must be used to insert and remove sharp instruments to minimize the risks of self-injury. The dental practitioner must be constantly aware of the risk of exposure to blood-borne infections during dental procedures with needles and drilling instruments and tools such as burs and drills. The dentist a pivotal personality in the dental sector organization performs his dental procedures within the context of his relevant environment. This study is exploring the various factors that are going to influence the occupational environment of the dental professional inside his dental clinic like locality, ambience, dental staff, instruments, dental chair, noise, ventilation and lighting which will eventually have an impact on his improved performance and job satisfaction.

— Hygiene practices are very important, poor hygiene results into various communicable diseases. These hygiene practices can have cultivated in Childhood. School children are particularly vulnerable to neglect the basic personal hygiene. So this study was conducted on 1385 school children to assess the status of knowledge and practices of their hygiene with the source of their knowledge. This study was conducted on 1385 students of 6 selected schools of Jaipur city. It was observed that it was observed that 98.4% had knowledge about body and clothes hygiene, 95.2% had knowledge about teeth brushing, 92.5% had knowledge about regular clothes washing, 89.2% had knowledge about soap use in personal hygiene, 50.3% had knowledge about use of toilet paper, 78.8% had knowledge about use of nail cutter and 37.1% knowledge about sanitary pad. And 97.3% practice for bath & brush teeth every day, 95.1% practiced for hand wash before meal, 74.3% practiced for hand wash before cooking, 66.6% practiced for hand wash after cooking, 90.2% practiced for hand wash after using toilet, 87.8% practiced for hand wash after handling garbage, 75.7% practiced for hand wash after handling animal, 73.6% practiced for cutting nails in < 7 days, 80.8% take hair cut out in < 1 month, 70.1% use soap as hygiene product, 42.7% use facial tissue as hygiene product and 50.1% use cotton swab as hygiene product.

Ingin tampil lebih percaya diri dengan pasang gigi palsu permanen di Jogja? Disini tempatnya untuk pasang gigi tiruan di Yogyakarta. Kami siap melayani implan gigi palsu sesuai kebutuhan Anda dengan ditangani oleh dokter gigi dan perawat gigi terbaik dan kompeten. Kami melayani pemasangan gigi palsu permanen, gigi palsu lepasan, gigi palsu akrilik, gigi palsu valplast, pemasangan crown (mahkota tiruan) dan gigi palsu lain yang aman dan nyaman untuk anak, ibu hamil, orang tua, dan orang dewasa. Siap melayani masyarakat Piyungan, Berbah, Prambanan, Kalasan, Patuk, Dlingo, Banguntapan, Bantul, Sleman, Wonosari, Wates, Jogja, dan sekitarnya. Kami percaya kepuasan dan kesehatan pelanggan adalah prioritas utama kami. Kami siap melayani segala jenis pemasangan gigi palsu permanen dan lepasan dengan berbagai model dan kebutuhan yang terbaru, ternyaman dan paling aman.

The paper discusses European and non-European dental practices and views connected with them. Teeth blackening and filing traditionally practiced by non-European cultures appear to be an effective way of dental care. Betel chew ingredients, as well as other plants and minerals used for teeth blackening had improved
the state of teeth and gums, adding to preventing tropical diseases such as diarrhea and intestine parasites. Teeth whitening substances, on the contrary, until recently implied practices and substances that fatally ruined the dental system.
The condemnation of non-European dental practices is a part of colonial discourse still largely not abandoned. It goes with the general misrepresentation of traditional body modification practices as characteristic of “inferior races” by
racists, and the propagation of the universal Eurocentric beauty ideals by mass media in a globalized world.

The inadequate knowledge of personal hygiene and sanitation is directly correlated with the health of an individual, a family, a community, a nation, and the globe as a whole. To know the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of personal hygiene and sanitation among the girl students in Dhangadhi, Nepal; this study was conducted in four different schools and a total of 238 girl students were selected specifically from the grade 5 to 10 following their age range from 11 to 18 years and the data was collected by filling the premade questionnaires.

The aim of this study was to describe the factors associated with work stress and burnout among dental hygienists. Furthermore, how to deal with work stressors in order to prevent burnout in the dental hygienist work environment will be discussed. From a small literature search, only a few empirical studies could be traced that describe work stress or burnout among dental hygienists. Burnout incidence among dental hygienists appears to be relatively favourable, when compared with other professions, according to a 20-year-old study. On the contrary, in a recent study, it was described that one out of eight dental hygienists felt emotionally exhausted from work. Dental hygienists, when compared with other professionals, are relatively negative about the variety of tasks they find in their work. Factors associated with experienced work stress are, according to another study, musculoskeletal pain, combining work and private life, highly efficient organization of work, long working hours...

Abstract:  This longitudinal study aimed at testing the efficacy of a school-based caries preventive program, by comparing dental caries status of two groups, a study group (436 children) and a control group (420 children) over a period of 4 years. The study group received a preventive program which consisted of intensive oral hygiene instructions sessions, and supervised daily tooth brushing using fluoridated tooth paste in schools. The control group received only oral hygiene instructions sessions. Annual dental examination to record dental caries status, using Decayed Missed Filled Teeth Index (DMFT) and deft, was conducted for both groups over a period of 4 years. At the end of the fourth year the efficacy of the program was tested by comparing the DMFT and deft indices for the two groups using Pearson chi-square test and Cochran–Mantel–Haenzele test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The results after 4 years showed that the caries status of the children in the study group was better than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P-value 0.001). The estimates of relative risk values also showed that children in the control group are 3.1 and 6.4 times at higher risk of having dental caries than those in the study group for age group 12 and 6 respectively. This study proves that supervised daily tooth brushing using fluoridated toothpaste is successful in controlling dental caries in children.

A controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of oral prophylaxis on halitosis-associated, immunological and microbiological parameters. Thirty subjects were included in this controlled clinical trial (patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and controls without clinical attachment loss; each n = 15). Before oral prophylaxis and 14 days after (including tongue cleaning) volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), organoleptic scores and a tongue coating index were evaluated. The levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and MMP-8 were measured in GCF, and also major periodontal pathogens were detected. Data were statistically analysed using anova and paired t-test. Supragingival plaque and calculus removal with combined tongue cleaning was able to reduce significantly (P &lt; 0.05) the VSC values in both groups (no significant differences between both groups). Two weeks after periodontal debridement, the VSC values were observed in the periodontitis group, but not in the contro...

Dental transposition is a form of ectopic eruption with change in position of normal adjacent teeth. Its prevalence is very low in general population and could be frequently missed on oral examination. We present a rare case of dental transposition between left mandibular canine and first premolar in a 22 year old Libyan male patient.

Abstract:  Objective:  Children are affected by numerous oral and orofacial disorders, which have the potential to compromise functioning, well-being and the quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this paper was to review the literature about children’s clinical oral health status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to assess the respective association.Materials and methods:  The authors searched Medline, ISI, Lilacs and Scielo for articles from 1985 to 2007. The inclusion criteria were randomized, cross-sectional, longitudinal or retrospective studies that used well-validated oral health-related QoL instruments, children self-applied questionnaires and quantitative measurements of clinical oral health status.Results:  Of the 402 articles that were critically assessed, 12 studies were included in the critical appraisal of the project.Conclusions:  There is a relationship between clinical oral health status and HRQoL in children. In the studies that suggested weak relationships between children’s oral conditions and HRQoL, the explanations were low disease levels in the sample, the conditions under investigation may have caused immeasurably low levels of impact or the impacts were mediated by inter- and intravariables according to culture and education. Moreover, relationships between biological or clinical variables and HRQoL outcomes are not direct, but mediated by a variety or personal, social and environmental variables, as well as by the child development, which have influence on the comprehension about the relationship among health, illness and QoL. So, longitudinal studies are necessary to determine validity, responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference.

Ingin tampil lebih percaya diri dengan pasang gigi palsu permanen di Jogja? Disini tempatnya untuk pasang gigi tiruan di Yogyakarta. Kami siap melayani implan gigi palsu sesuai kebutuhan Anda dengan ditangani oleh dokter gigi dan perawat gigi terbaik dan kompeten. Kami melayani pemasangan gigi palsu permanen, gigi palsu lepasan, gigi palsu akrilik, gigi palsu valplast, pemasangan crown (mahkota tiruan) dan gigi palsu lain yang aman dan nyaman untuk anak, ibu hamil, orang tua, dan orang dewasa. Siap melayani masyarakat Piyungan, Berbah, Prambanan, Kalasan, Patuk, Dlingo, Banguntapan, Bantul, Sleman, Wonosari, Wates, Jogja, dan sekitarnya. Kami percaya kepuasan dan kesehatan pelanggan adalah prioritas utama kami. Kami siap melayani segala jenis pemasangan gigi palsu permanen dan lepasan dengan berbagai model dan kebutuhan yang terbaru, ternyaman dan paling aman.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of low-dose pilocarpine and cevimeline as stimulants for salivary flow in healthy subjects. Methods: In this cross-over clinical trial with a 1-week washout period, 40 male volunteers were submitted to an oral dose of pilocarpine 1% (Salagen TM ) )60 lg kg )1 body-weight (Group 1) or Cevimeline (Evoxac TM ) )30 mg (Group 2). Saliva samples were collected and the salivary flow rate was measured (ml min )1 ) at baseline and 20, 40, 60, 80, 140 and 200 min after administration of drugs. In addition, salivary secretion was also measured under mechanical stimulation to observe salivary gland function. Results: The data were analyzed by Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (significance level = 5%). Pilocarpine and cevimeline significantly increased salivary flow 140 min after intake. There was a significant higher secretion with cevimeline 140 and 200 min after administration. There were no differences seen among subjects in the salivary glands function by mechanical stimulation. Conclusion: Both drugs showed efficacy in increasing the salivary flow in healthy volunteers, but cevimeline was more effective than pilocarpine. Xerostomia is a symptom associated with quantitative and qualitative changes in the salivary flow, which are generally attributed to salivary hypofunction. Several factors can cause a decrease in the salivary flow. These include autoimmune exocrinopathies (Sjö gren's syndrome), anticholinergic effects of many drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, antihistaminic agents, antihypertensives and diuretics. Treatment of head and neck cancers with ionizing radiation, HIV infection, hepatitis C, Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, depression, aging, decrease of masticatory function, smoking, trauma, psychological and physiological changes can also negatively influence the salivary flow (4-9). A significant reduction in the salivary flow usually interferes in the quality of life and can cause oral dysfunction, dental destruction, atrophy and ulceration of mucosa and mucosal infection. It is important to recognize and treat salivary flow dysfunction. The treatment of choice is usually some kind of sialogogue, with pilocarpine or cevimeline being the most used (2, 9-11).

Introduction: Dentistry is one of the most prestigious professions
in India. Among the total dental undergraduate students a very
high proportion is female. The present study was conducted to find
out the attitude of female dental students regarding their further
study and to find out different factors affecting the decision to do
post-graduation and subject of choice.
Methodology: The study was carried out in a dental college in
South India among the undergraduate female dental students from
first year to final year. Data were collected using a pre-designed,
pre-tested  semi-structured  questionnaire.  Collected  data  was
compiled, tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.
Results: 25% students did not want to do post-graduation and
wanted to work as general dentist. Wish to be general dentist was
significantly  higher  among  students  of  higher  age  group  and
students of final year. Oral and maxillofacial surgery was the most
favorite discipline to do post-graduation for students of all years
except final year. No student wanted to work as oral pathologist,
oral  anatomist,  public  health  dentist  or  period  on  to  logist.
Majority  of  the  students  liked  to  study  dentistry.  However,
proportion of students who did not like to study dentistry was
significantly higher among third year students.
Conclusion: Attitude of students regarding future career varied
widely according to age of the students and year of study. Practice
of early age of marriage among female as compared to male may
be a reason of change of their attitude regarding future study.
Huge stress involved in studying dentistry can be another reason
for this.

While the product Listerine has become ubiquitous with bad breath, this wasn't always the case. Its history is both a study of medicine and marketing that involves a long list of participants. Having its roots in the development of antiseptic surgery its success as a " health " product is an early example of a pharmaceutical company utilizing direct to consumer advertising. Even more astounding is how the Lambert Pharmaceutical Company created a condition more than they created a product. In a paper presented to the surgical section of the British Medical Association in Dublin on August 9 th , 1867 physician and surgeon Dr. Joseph Lister explained his principle of the germ theory and the use of carbolic acid. He stated that the chemicals " …appear to exercise a peculiarly destructive influence upon low forms of life, and hence is the most powerful antiseptic with which we are presently acquainted. " Lister went on to explain in detail his methodology of first attempting to destroy microorganisms (referred to as germs) that may have been introduced into the wound at the time of injury as well as postoperatively. While Lister would eventually go on to become regarded as the father of antiseptic surgery it would take many years for the profession of medicine to fully accept his ideas, this was especially true in the United States. In one of his attempts to enlighten US surgeons, Lister made a presentation at the Philadelphia Exposition in 1876. Among those in attendance, that day was Dr. Joseph Joshua Lawrence, a surgeon and Robert Johnson a pharmacist. Both men would go on to revolutionize the market for antiseptic oral hygiene in the United States. " But when it has been shown by the researches of Pasteur that the septic property of the atmosphere depended not on the oxygen or any gaseous constituent, but on minute organisms suspended in it, which owed their energy to their vitality, it occurred to me that decomposition in the injured part might be avoided without excluding the air, by applying as a dressing some material capable of destroying the life of the floating particles. Upon this principle, I have based a practice. " Joseph Lister, address to the British Medical Association in Dublin in 1887: [1]