Democratic Values

United Nations General Secretary Ban Ki-Moon affirmed in 2012 that “the rule of law is like the law of gravity” of the international system. The Rule of Law as a Goal and Principle of International Human Rights Law by Joaquín González Ibáñez portrays International Human Rights Law as an effective mean to promote human freedom, justice, and peace. International human rights law will become more effective when it fully incorporates the principles and objectives of the rule of law. The concept of the international rule of law must be associated with institutional effectiveness in guaranteeing rights, combating impunity, and strengthening the structural principles of international law as enshrined in the United Nations Charter. The main legal discussion presented in this book refers to the acknowledgement if the rule of law is effectively a goal and principle of International Law or is just an aspiration and a work in progress of a part of the International Community.

As the global community attempted to fight COVID-19 and cope with the new reality created by the pandemic, online and mobile social networks played a key role in this new order. This study expands research in the use of these new media technologies for public health-based civic engagement in Nigeria. The primary aim is to explore the use of humour as a discourse strategy in online posts on the COVID-19 pandemic that were designed to create awareness, educate the public, and promote social and public morality. Using approaches in discourse analysis and humour in combination with Scollon’s (1998) Discourse Mediated Theory (DMT), the study discusses how a combination of texts and images mediated through socio-technical affordances of the online platforms underpin the extrapolation of social meanings conveyed through humorous memes and posts. The data set was extracted from the repository of an ongoing project on the corpus of digital health humanities discourse at the Centre for Digital Humanities, University of Lagos. It consists of posts and messages on COVID-19 crisis circulated on WhatsApp platforms between February and March, 2020. Using qualitative interpretive paradigm, the study shows how serious and more profound themes on the pandemic are expressed through creative comical online posts and memes. A major observation is that humour appeal is generally sensitive to the culture of the audience as it draws its persuasive tenor from materials, artifacts and symbols that the audience can easily relate with. Equally, instances of Scott’s (1990) notion of infrapolitics are found in some of the memes that satirise political situation and political actors in the country. Thus, weaponising the event-generating and event-driven memes for political ends heightens their functions within this situated socio-discursive milieu.

PREÁMBULO.

En un mundo cada vez más interconectado y desafiante, donde las antiguas certezas son sacudidas y nuevas realidades emergen con una fuerza implacable, nos encontramos en la encrucijada de una era que exige reflexión crítica, innovación y, sobre todo, una comprensión profunda de los fundamentos que sostienen nuestras sociedades. Este libro colaborativo surge como un faro de esperanza y conocimiento en medio de la complejidad contemporánea, un esfuerzo conjunto entre pensadores destacados: Luis David Fernández Zambrano, Dani Rodrik y Sharun Mukand. Cada uno de nosotros, desde nuestros respectivos campos de especialización, se une con el propósito de explorar las intersecciones críticas entre los derechos humanos, la educación, el desarrollo económico y la democracia.

Las preguntas que planteamos son fundamentales: ¿Cómo podemos construir democracias inclusivas que no solo sean funcionales, sino también vibrantes y justas? ¿Cómo puede la educación actuar como un catalizador en la promoción de los valores democráticos y el respeto por los derechos humanos? ¿Cuál es el papel del desarrollo económico en la configuración de sociedades equitativas y resilientes? Este libro no es simplemente una colección de ensayos; es un viaje intelectual que nos invita a desafiar nuestras percepciones, cuestionar el statu quo y forjar nuevas perspectivas que nos permitan avanzar hacia un futuro más sostenible y humano.

A medida que navegamos a través de los capítulos que siguen, cada uno de nosotros se embarca en una exploración rigurosa y apasionada de estas cuestiones cruciales, impulsados por la convicción de que el conocimiento es un vehículo poderoso para el cambio. Las voces e ideas presentadas aquí no son solo reflexiones académicas, sino también llamados a la acción. Buscamos inspirar un diálogo abierto y constructivo que trascienda fronteras y disciplinas, donde cada lector se sienta invitado a participar en la construcción de un mundo más justo y solidario.

Este preámbulo es solo el comienzo de una conversación que esperamos continúe mucho más allá de estas páginas. Nos encontramos en un momento en el que el futuro de nuestras democracias, la dignidad humana y el progreso económico están intrínsecamente ligados. Juntos, como ciudadanos del mundo, debemos comprometernos a alzar nuestras voces y trabajar por un futuro donde la justicia, la equidad y el respeto por los derechos humanos sean pilares inquebrantables de nuestras sociedades.

Te invitamos a sumergirte en este viaje, a descubrir conexiones inesperadas y a explorar ideas que podrían iluminar el camino hacia un mañana más esperanzador. ¡Adelante!

Atentamente,
Rosa María Zambrano Encalada.
Página  institucional:
https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty/dani-rodrik
https://www.hks.harvard.edu/educational-programs/masters-programs/combined-degrees#how-to-apply
Dani Rodrik | Dani Rodrik (harvard.edu)

PALABRAS DE AGRADECIMIENTO

Quisiera expresar mi más sincera y profunda gratitud a quienes han sido mis guías en mi desarrollo académico y personal, y que hoy, en esta ocasión tan especial, me acompañan en espíritu. En primer lugar, a mis padres, tanto terrenales como espirituales, por ser el pilar inquebrantable de mi vida. También agradezco a los amigos y mentores que han caminado a mi lado en los momentos más cruciales de este viaje.

Deseo expresar un agradecimiento especial a Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, laureado con el Premio Nobel de la Paz en 1980, por su incansable lucha por los derechos humanos; a Martha Minow, cuyas enseñanzas han iluminado mi camino académico; y al inolvidable Jorge Luis Borges, el autodidacta universal, cuya visión del mundo ha dejado una huella indeleble en mi ser. No puedo dejar de mencionar a mis extraordinarios y fundamentales amigos Brigite Aguirre Obando, Johan Coronado Ayala y Niels Eduardo Ynga Inga, por sus valiosos consejos y por llenar mi vida de alegría en momentos de apatía, manipulación y traición.

Asimismo, me gustaría reconocer la influencia de figuras importantes en mi vida, como Román Faustino Fernández Adriano, Rosa María Zambrano Encalada, Luis Federico Leloir, Williams Rodríguez Silva, María Esther Zambrano Encalada, Itala Andrea Preguntegui Garrafa, Midori Zuazo Aulla, Josefina Miro Quesada Gayoso, Dalia Elizabeth Zurita Espinoza, César Hildebrandt Pérez Treviño, Marco Aurelio Denegri Santa Gadea, Sonia Winer, María Arias Vicente, Paula Olivia Rapetti, Teresa Zamudio Ojeda, Miguel Belleza Castellares, Edgardo Donna, José Antonio Nique de la Puente, Jorge Rendón Vásquez, Domingo Jesús Mavila Salón, Wendy Zoraida Acosta Gil, Nancy Mendoza Vásquez, Pedro Castillo Terrones, Jorge Goicochea Chaparro, Flor Minaya Foronda, Giovanna Quispe Mendoza, Jesús Gonzalo Canales Alfaro, Jesús Gonzalo Canales Yactayo (hijo), Romel Medina Fanasando; ahora mis hermanos y hermanas, tanto por lazos espirituales como de sangre: Adela Cortez Rojas, César Chambergo Rojas, María Elizabeth Casas Bartolo, Santos Vera Sandoval, Miguel Ángel Ciuro Caldani, Jesús Ruiz, Federico Fernández Adriano, Joshua Matos, José Luis Daga Rodríguez, Felipe Huamán Gutiérrez, William Cárdenas Morón, José Campos Saavedra, Orlando Vera y el Rabino Daniel Chapan.

A mis queridos amigos y familia, como José Luis Pérez Chumpitaz, Kevin Cordero Sánchez, Martín Ueda Zavaleta, Guillermo Martín Morales Zambrano, Edsson Jair Morales Zambrano Encalada, Paola Morales Zambrano y Paola García Reyes y sus hijos, que me han ofrecido su apoyo en momentos difíciles, les extiendo mi más profundo agradecimiento. Ruego a Dios que los colme de bendiciones en su camino.

Mi gratitud también se extiende a Luis Amparo Grimaldo Zapata, Ángel Atuncar Gutiérrez, Federico Fernández Adriano y Santos Vera Sandoval, quienes nos guían desde los cielos en estos tiempos desafiantes. También quiero reconocer a aquellos que, de manera involuntaria o intencionada, me lastimaron en el pasado, porque me fortalecieron y me dieron la resiliencia necesaria para superar mis propios límites y enfrentar desafíos inesperados en el futuro.

Por supuesto, extiendo mis agradecimientos especiales a mi distinguido colega y leal amigo, el Dr. Dani Rodrik, quien es el Profesor de Economía Política Internacional de la Fundación Ford en la Escuela Kennedy de Harvard y actual Presidente del Programa de Maestría en Administración Pública en Desarrollo Internacional de Harvard Kennedy School,USA-actualmente la mejor facultad  para estudiar temas políticos y de gobierno del mundo.  Ha publicado extensamente en las áreas de desarrollo económico, economía internacional y economía política. Su investigación actual se centra en el empleo y el crecimiento económico, tanto en economías en desarrollo como en economías avanzadas. Es receptor de numerosos premios, incluido el primer Premio Albert O. Hirschman del Consejo de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y el Premio Príncipe de Asturias en Ciencias Sociales. El Profesor Rodrik es co-director del Programa Reimagining the Economy en la Escuela Kennedy y de la red Economics for Inclusive Prosperity. Fue Presidente de la Asociación Económica Internacional durante 2021-2023 y ayudó a fundar la iniciativa Women in Leadership in Economics (IEA-WE). Sus libros más recientes son Combating Inequality: Rethinking Government's Role (2021, editado con Olivier Blanchard) y Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a Sane World Economy (2017). También es autor de Economics Rules: The Rights and Wrongs of the Dismal Science (2015), The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy (2011) y One Economics, Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic Growth (2007).

Aprecio profundamente la confianza depositada en el desarrollo de este proyecto académico colaborativo y, sobre todo, su alto espíritu democrático, que demuestra que, más allá de cualquier preferencia o ideología política o religiosa, podemos aceptar respetuosamente la pluralidad de ideas para construir un mundo mejor a través de la democratización de los derechos humanos educativos y culturales, tal como se refleja en este libro colaborativo.

También quiero agradecer al gran Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, ganador del Premio Nobel de la Paz, por su compromiso en patrocinar y promover, a través de la Cátedra de Cultura para la Paz y los Derechos Humanos en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, proyectos intelectuales que buscan soluciones interdisciplinarias desde el ámbito científico para construir un mundo mejor, fomentando el consenso, la pluralidad de ideas y la defensa irrestricta de los valores y principios democráticos.

Que Dios Todopoderoso, Hashem, cuya justicia divina es invencible y alabada en cada rincón del universo, continúe bendiciéndonos en este camino. Con Su apoyo benevolente, estos logros han sido posibles. Mi eterna gratitud a cada uno de ustedes. Que Dios los bendiga a todos. Shalom para todos ustedes. Gloria eterna y alabanza a Hashem, Dios Padre Todopoderoso, en cada rincón del universo.

Con todo mi respeto y admiración,
¡Shalom a toda la gente buena del mundo!
Luis David Fernández Zambrano
25 de octubre de 2024
https://www.topuniversities.com/university-subject-rankings/economics-econometrics
https://www.topuniversities.com/university-subject-rankings/politics

https://www.topuniversities.com/university-subject-rankings/social-policy-administration

From the decade of the 60s of the 20th century, we witnessed the welfare State debacle and with this, we noticed the gradual disappearance of the financing of social policies, including the cultural sector. This led to the emergence of a financialized cultural management in the quest of private resources, guaranteeing the States' exit from their role as promoter of culture and the arts. Other effects such as the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 caused a shock wave of socioeconomic conflicts in the world. At such level that it revealed other cracks as the crisis of meaning expressed by Nussbaum (2007, 2009, 2010) and the democratic recession that reflects the democratic rights obstruction, institutions distrust, the executive powers deterioration and the disrespect for civil liberties. Colombia has also been the scene of these crises, including in its democracy Index. All the above, makes it relevant to ask about the role of Corporate Social Responsibility policies focused on art and culture and their relationship with the strengthening of democratic values. To answer the question, this research presents a case study of Bancolombia, using the Critical Discourse Analysis in the sustainability reports and the triangulation of privileged actors' testimonies. It was found that the strengthening of democratic values constitutes an expanded dimension of corporate citizenship and that emerging perspectives such as Corporate Cultural Responsibility and Corporate Cultural Communication can be harmonized in the pursuit of economic and also human aims.

From the decade of the 60s of the 20th century, we witnessed the welfare State debacle and with this, we noticed the gradual disappearance of the financing of social policies, including the cultural sector. This led to the emergence of a financialized cultural management in the quest of private resources, guaranteeing the States’ exit from their role as promoter of culture and the arts. Other effects such as the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 caused a shock wave of socio-economic conflicts in the world. At such level that it revealed other cracks as the crisis of meaning expressed by Nussbaum (2007, 2009, 2010) and the democratic recession that reflects the democratic rights obstruction, institutions distrust, the executive powers deterioration and the disrespect for civil liberties. Colombia has also been the scene of these crises, including in its democracy Index. All the above, makes it relevant to ask about the role of Corporate Social Responsibility policies focused on ar...

-Karadağ, E., Baloğlu, N. & Yalçınkayalar, P. (2006). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin öğretmenler tarafından algılanan demokratik tutumları ile öğretmenlerin demokratik değerleri üzerine ilişkisel bir araştırma. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi, 4 (12), 65-82. © Değerler Eğitimi Merkezi. Özet-Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin öğretmenlerce algılanan demokratik tutum düzeyleri ile öğretmenlerin demokratik değerleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde dizayn edilen araştırmada çalışma grubu 218 ilköğretim okulu öğretmeninden oluşturuldu. Verileri analiz etmek için Pearson Çarpım Momentler Korelasyon Analizi tekniği kullanıldı. Bulgular, öğretmenlerin algıladıkları demokratik tutumları ile demokratik değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin bulunduğunu gösterdi. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular literatüre dayalı olarak tartışıldı ve yorumlandı. Anahtar Kelimeler-Demokrasi, Tutum, Değer, Eğitim Yönetimi. Yaşadığımız çağın en değerli kaynağı, bilinmeyeni arayan ve üretilmeyeni üretmeye çalışan bilimsel davranıştır. Bu davranış ancak; inanç, düşünce ve girişim özgülüklerinin var olduğu ortamlarda gelişebilir. Böyle bir

The aim of the study is to investigate how university students percieve academicians' democratic values, and whether their perceptions on it differ significantly according to certain variables. Designed as a descriptive quantitative research, this study employs of 248 students studying at the Faculty of Education and Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences in Usak University as its participants. "The Scale of Students' Perceptions of the Academicians' Democratic Values" was developed and utilized for the study by the researcher. The resulting 6-dimension structure explains 62,831% of the phenomenon in total. In addition to the construct validity, Cronbach's Alpha Internal Consistency Coefficient was calculated and it was found ,927. The academicians' perceived level of having democratic values was found to be 2,43. The findings indicated that the academicians had democratic attitudes at low levels based on the students' perceptions. They attributed much more importance to "respecting institutional rules and regulations" and "giving importance to equality" compared to other four dimensions. The academicians give least importance to the "democratic role modelling behaviours". Furthermore, the results indicated that there were statistically significant differences according to some demographic variables.

This article aims to understand the conditions that drive high school students in Thailand to protest the government in 2020, even though they are socialized with limited democracy under the Thai educational system. It uses qualitative research methods through documentary research and in-depth interviews with 70 high school students and 31 social-study teachers who were sampled from 24 schools that were involved in the political movement in 2020. This article uses content analysis along with discourse analysis and uses structuration theory to explain the findings. The study found that students can understand democratic values despite not being in a democratic environment under political socialization, which has limitations in dominating the thoughts and behaviour of the students. Meanwhile, students can consider and judge what to do under the limited socio-political structure. However, students cannot understand democratic values by evolution, instead by incidents that attack their former thoughts, which later leads to self-study of democratic values. The study found that democratic values learning would occur when three conditions come together: 1) changing of external structure, 2) enlightening of thought, and 3) an explanation that relates between the current situation and value of what the students hold in a way that could benefit them. However, the political values of the student can go back and forth like a cycle between enlightenment and compliance as the result of double learning due to the clash of ideas and practices of individuals under constraints of the structure.

Доктрина государства-цивилизации, принятая в России
в 2023 г., давно является предметом обсуждения. Её цен-
тральный термин вызывал скептицизм по ряду причин.
Тем не менее как обсуждение, так и утверждение доктрины на
уровне программного документа и официальной риторики вызва-
но причинами объективного характера и стало попыткой ответить
на вызовы современности.

The use of humour has been widely explored in literary texts, television shows, comics, cartoons, newspapers and visual art, with insufficient attention paid to how advances in media technology have also contributed to the use of humour, especially in political discourses in new media. This study examines humour construction strategies in online comments by social media users [n a specific instance of Nigerian national political discourse. The study combines Attardo and Raskin’s general theory of verbal humour with Jacob Mey’s pragmatic act theory as framework. The study draws data from a pool of two hundred online reactions to a political event – the theft of the mace in the Nigerian Senate. Fifty-five comments identified as having elements of humour were purposively considered for this study. The study shows how rhetorical questions, puns, feigning, coinages and neologisms, irony and allusion are rhetorical devices used in the comments. These devices are used for pragmatic acts of castigating, complaining, mocking, challenging, warning, threatening, and blaming. They are also used to express disappointment in Nigerian political institutions. The study concludes that humour in new media plays a vital role in advancing democratic values by holding political officeholders accountable and critiquing their actions where necessary.

This study aims to examine the primary education curricula prepared in 2017 in the context of gaining socialization, multiculturalism and democratic values. Analyses are carried out on the basis of social adaptation, social norms, individual responsibility, multicultural education, democracy culture, and rights and freedoms. The study is limited to the curricula of "Life Sciences", "Social Studies" and "Human Rights, Citizenship and Democracy" courses in which these knowledge and skills are predominant and carried out within the scope of the primary education curricula published by the Ministry of National Education in 2017. The study is conducted using document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods. The data are analyzed using both descriptive and content analysis. The aims and the objectives of "Life Sciences", "Social Studies" and "Human Rights, Citizenship and Democracy" courses curricula are examined under the themes of socialization, democratic values and multiculturalism and categorized in terms of cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning domains. It is concluded that, in total, the number of objectives related to social adaptation, social norms and individual responsibility is qualitatively sufficient; however, the number of objectives related to democratic values and multiculturalism is insufficient in the primary education curricula.

Razvoj suvremenog demokratskog društva temelji se na integriranju temeljnih demokratskih vrijednosti u sve njegove sfere i dimenzije, pa tako i u područje odgoja i obrazovanja. Ovakvi se zahtjevi stavljaju i pred škole, a pritom se ključna uloga daje ravnatelju, koji je nositelj i voditelj svake inovacije u svojoj školi (Fullan, 2005; 2007; Bush i Middlewood, 2013; Pont, Nusch i Moorman, 2008; Stein, 2015). Jedan od tipova školskog vođenja koji odgovara ovim zahtjevima naziva se demokratsko školsko vođenje, čiji razvoj s jedne strane utječe na razvoj školske kulture koja se temelji na demokratskim vrijednostima i demokratskim normama, dok s druge strane, ono omogućuje svim uključenima, učenicima i odraslima, stjecanje znanja i razvoj vještina koje će ih učiniti aktivnim građanima. Cilj ovoga rada je analizirati dosadašnje spoznaje u području specifičnog tipa školskog vođenja pod nazivom demokratsko školsko vođenje. Posebna pozornost usmjerit će se na teorijsko-praktičnu operacionali...

“Planetary Management” appreciates the physical and social environments of our civilization as a closed system, an integrated holism, where all elements affect all other elements. 

What has been lacking is that our social existence has a synergistic potential that has not been developed to proactively sustain the civilizational existence of humanity. 

The Graduate Program of Planetary Management is an organized, intentional, and conscious attempt to reverse the ongoing devolution of democratic societies.  This situation developed because our civilization came into existence as an “accident of time” without an intention.  design, plan, or anticipated outcomes for its existence.  The multi-national, global chaos we see in the world today is a result of not anticipating and planning for the development of a global civilization.  By using the recent discoveries of the most basic elements of human motivation, we can now begin to reinvent our civilization to become self-sustaining.

O presente artigo pretende discutir a correlação entre os chamados valores democráticos e a percepção social sobre partidos políticos no Brasil. Tal análise será realizada, em primeiro lugar, à luz da literatura pertinente e, em segundo lugar, a partir da apresentação e análise de dados compilados no Barômetro das Américas de 2014, realizado no Brasil, a respeito de valores democráticos, poderes presidenciais, ambivalência democrática e simpatia por partidos políticos, a partir do perfil de gênero e étnico. Este trabalho pretende responder se a democracia é um valor irrefutável para as pessoas que têm simpatia por partidos políticos. Conclui-se que a democracia não apresenta uma correlação direta com a simpatia por partidos políticos e não representa um valor inconteste para aqueles que demonstram apreço por partidos.

В обзоре рассматриваются монографии о российской цивилизации, изданные в 2022–2024 годах. Авторы понимают, что в современной обстановке концепт российской цивилизации стал знаковым. Особое внимание уделено философско-теоретическим представлениям, интерпретирующим под новым углом зрения эмпирию цивилизационного развития России.  При характеристике специфики российской цивилизации внимание больше обращается на географический фактор, чем на этнический субстрат. Fкцентируется цивилизационная ценность православия в борьбе за идентичность России и будущее человечества. Авторы расширяют привычные горизонты понимания феномена цивилизации путем биосферной интерпретации ее прафеномена, дифференциации инфернального и сакрального в цивилизационном развитии. Оригинальна трактовка Крыма как культурной парадигмы русской цивилизации. Проблемами российской цивилизационистики являются недостаточная эмпирическая необоснованность суждений, абстракная концептуализация эмпирии, неполнота сравнительного анализа России со другими цивилизациями, отсутствие рефлексии кумулятивности и преемственности в личном научном творчестве.
The review examines monographs on Russian civilization published in 2022-2024. The authors understand that in the modern world, the concept of Russian civilization has become iconic. Special attention is paid to philosophical and theoretical concepts that interpret the empyria of Russia's civilizational development from a new angle. When characterizing the specifics of Russian civilization, attention is paid more to the geographical factor than to the ethnic substrate. The article emphasizes the civilizational value of Orthodoxy in the struggle for the identity of Russia and the future of mankind. The authors expand the usual horizons of understanding the phenomenon of civilization by means of a biosphere interpretation of its praphenomenon, differentiation of the infernal and sacred in the civilization development. The interpretation of Crimea as a cultural paradigm of Russian civilization is original.
The problems of Russian civilizationistics are the insufficient empirical groundlessness of judgments, the abstract conceptualization of empiriya, the incompleteness of a comparative analysis of Russia with other civilizations, the lack of reflection of cumulativeness and continuity in personal scientific creativity.

Сборник посвящен осмыслению феномена модернизации, основных теорий модернизации, дисциплинарных и междисциплинарных подходов к ее изучению. Особое внимание уделено проблеме путей и моделей модернизации, разнообразию способов ее осуществления на примере разных цивилизаций, обществ и регионов, соотношению модернизации и вестернизации, а также ловушек догоняющей и селективной модернизации. Вступление человечества в новый, постиндустриальный и, возможно, постцивилизационный этап развития, распад колониальных империй, распространение процессов глобализации позволяют развернуть проблему модернизации в новый контекст, заставляя в очередной раз задуматься о феномене модернизации как сложном и неоднозначном процессе.

В. П. Р и м с к и й 1 2 , О. Н. Р и м с к а я 1 1 Белгородский государственный институт искусств и культуры 2 Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет В статье предложена методология сопряжения формационно-эволюционной, культурноцивилизационной, этнологической и культурно-антропологической моделей в понимании динамики сложных социокультурных систем. Выделенные эпистемологические модели позволяют адекватно исследовать специфику культурно-цивилизационного развития России, актуальную в русле очередной волны модернизации страны. В статье уделено внимание имперской форме существования российской цивилизации. Авторы анализируют достоинства и недостатки указанных моделей в исследовании исторической динамики сложных социальных систем, раскрывают их возможности в выявлении необходимого и случайного, изменчивого и стабильного, универсального и специфического в культурно-цивилизационном бытии России. Особое место в предложенном анализе занимает полемика с либеральной концепцией этноса и нации академика В. А. Тишкова, характеристика достоинств теории пассионарности Л. Н. Гумилева и «этнической психологии» Г. Шпета. Ключевые слова: формационно-эволюционная модель, культурно-цивилизационная и этнологические модели, империя, историцизм, культурно-антропологическая методология, живой человек. V i k t o r P. R i m s k y 1 2 , O l g a N. R i m s k a y a 1

Контекстный подход к объяснению дифференцированного восприятия государства в различных социумах Одной из традиционных проблем анализа государственности является вопрос о восприятии её обществом и поиске наиболее значимой её характеризующей особенности. В веберианской социологической традиции ведущей функцией государства признаётся применение легитимного насилия, сторонники либертарианского подхода настаивают на необходимости ограничения функций государства предоставлением общественных благ путём перераспределения финансов, собираемых в форме налогов. Методологическую основу представленной статьи составляют с одной стороны «понимающая социология» и теория социального действия Макса Вебера, с другой-работы по либертарианской социальной модели Мюррея Ротбарда и Роберта Нозика, а также теория межкультурной коммуникации Эдварда Холла. Цель работы-содержательно объяснить причины различного восприятия разными культурами ведущей функции государства, опираясь на различия веберианского и либертарианского подходов. На наш взгляд, ключевым фактором, определяющим отношение социума к государству, является контекстность по классификации Э. Холла. Мы полагаем, что высококонтектные культуры склонны видеть в государстве в первую очередь актора легитимного насилия, в то время как низкоконтекстные культуры акцентируют внимание на социально значимых функциях государства, таких как предоставление общественных благ. Ключевые слова: высококонтекстные и низкоконтекстные культуры, государство, общественные блага, монополия на насилие, Э. Холл

Sensitivity, which is quite comprehensive and closely related to many other values, is an umbrella term for them. It is absolutely essential to be aware of the sensitivity value in this world where with the process of industrialization people are getting individualized and relationships are increasingly formalized, and to make the new generations acquire this value in the family setting and at school. Accordingly, this study set out to investigate the opinions of social studies teacher candidates on sensitivity value. For this purpose, a basic qualitative research design was used in the study. The participant group of the study were social studies teacher candidates studying at the faculty of education of a state university in the Black Sea Region during the 2021-2022 academic year. The participants were selected according to criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling methods. In the study, being enrolled in the "Character and Values Education" course was determined as the criterion. According to this criterion, 15 social studies teacher candidates in total, 8 of whom were female and 7 of whom were male, participated in the study. In the research, the interview was utilized as the data collection method. The thematic analysis approach was adopted in the analysis of the data gathered from the interviews. As a result of the study, it was determined that teacher candidates mainly stressed reacting and not remaining silent in the definition of sensitivity value. They also thought that it is crucial to develop this value, specifically in terms of ensuring social harmony and unity. Furthermore, it was identified that they mostly associated sensitivity value with respect, responsibility and benevolence values, and they believed that drama, field-trip, case studies and activity-based teaching would be beneficial in the acquisition of this value.

Cartoons have widely been being used as an alternate approach for determining individuals' perceptions recently. Within this respect, study aims at determining secondary school students' perception about the social unity and solidarity values via cartoons. The participants of the study conducted as a qualitative research design and as a case study are 100 students from two different schools in two cities. The data of the study were collected through a data sheet consisted of a cartoon and four questions related to the cartoon. For analysing the data content analysis technique was administered and in this framework, the themes for each questions were defined. Frequencies for themes and subthemes were used for interpretations. The findings revealed that the great majority of the participants got the message of the cartoon correctly,  felt sympathy, sorrow, unity and solidarity, love and respect, hope, peace, separation, and longing about the cartoon. The findings also manifest...

Araştırmanın amacı öğrencilerin demokrasi algılarını belirlemektir. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden “olgu bilim” deseni kapsamında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi tercih edilmiştir. Çeşitlemede; okul kademesi, okul türü, okul başarı durumu, sınıf seviyesi ve cinsiyet değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu; üç ilkokul, üç ortaokul ve üç lisede farklı sınıf düzeylerinde eğitim gören toplamda 95 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama tekniği olarak projeksiyon tekniklerinden; “kelime çağrışım tekniği”, veri toplama aracı olarak “kelime çağrışım formu” kullanılmıştır. Veriler kavram analizi tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda; öğrencilerin bilgi eksikliklerinin ve kavram yanılgılarının olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma sonunda ulaşılan sonuçlara göre bazı öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The aim of this study is to examine Ukrainian and Turkish law students' attitudes towards democratic values and the factors that may affect these values and to compare them in terms of different variables. This study is a descriptive survey model. The research consists of total 226 students from three Schools of Law, two in Turkey and one in Ukraine, whose race, religion, culture and languages are different. We tried to determine their attitudes towards democratic values regarding as age, gender, grade, level of parents' education, accommodation types. We applied "Democratic Values Scale" with 17 items developed by Çermik. We have concluded that comprehensive democratic activities should be created and the curriculum equipped with democratic values should be regulated and implemented so that potential future lawyers, legists, policy makers, politicians and administrators to be graduated from Schools of Law can eliminate discrimination and distribute the rights equally and establish democratic order and social justice, promote and defend the freedom of thought.

Resumo Este artigo analisa a transição e a vitalidade atual do sistema partidário uruguaio. Após um período de crise, que culminou com o rompimento da democracia nos anos sessenta, nos anos noventa o sistema partidário recupera sua centralidade conduzindo o processo de transição democrática. Durante esse processo, observa-se o realinhamento do sistema partidário, que tende a tornar-se um sistema de multipartidarismo moderado, com o amadurecimento e fortalecimento da esquerda, representada sobretudo pelo Frente Amplio. O crescimento deste último deveu-se à sua capacidade de confrontar os partidos tradicionais e também por seu desenvolvimento como partido "catch-all", marcado pela reconversão ideológica e competição pelo centro, conforme aumentavam suas chances eleitorais. O crescimento do Frente Amplio implicou ainda, para os partidos tradicionais, o ingresso em um processo de aprendizagem de compromisso e participação em governos de coalizão e, para o processo de transição liberal, a formação de um quadro de distâncias ideológicas moderadas, sem polarização. Todavia, a clivagem esquerda-direita serve ainda de eixo para a competição eleitoral.

Equidade Eleitoral Política". Considerando a importância desse tipo de reforma para o sistema político, esse artigo busca descrever e analisar essa reforma política por uma nova abordagem no estudo das mudanças institucionais: uma two-level theory. Levando em consideração os princípios de eficiência e distribuição, assim como precedentes históricos, um modelo mais abrangente é proposto. Ele nos permite refletir sobre os diversos elementos da nova legislação, seus objetivos e efeitos pretendidos, alguns dos quais não poderiam, ou com dificuldade, ser atingidos. Além disso, é argumentado que essa última reforma política no país é parte de uma tendência das democracias latino-americanas. Seu design e propósitos revelam que essa correção institucional é mais que apenas isso. Nesse caso, porque, em "democracias consolidadas", mudanças não mais são radicais, ao contrário, ajustes incrementais à legislação ordinária estão se tornando a regra. Para concluir, algumas reflexões sobre os efeitos da reforma política na democracia argentina e instituições políticas são propostas. Uma pesquisa comparativa dos últimos ajustes eleitorais em outros países do subcontinente é sugerida. Palavras-chave: Argentina. Reforma política. Mudanças institucionais. Two-level theory. Nova tendência.

Este artículo sitúa la pregunta por la formación ética desde la detrascendentalización de las normas ético-morales, específicamente, a partir de las categorías valicepción y pasividad. Se propone la posibilidad de la formación ética mediante la pragmática del lenguaje, capaz de evitar el nihilismo, el relativismo y los totalitarismos de diferente tipo. Finalmente, se retoma la noción de alteridad como idea regulativa de la ética. En la introducción, se examinan las variantes del problema con sus perspectivas de solución. En adelante, se dan cuatro pasos en la exposición: primero, se explicita el alcance del título detrascendentalización en el contexto de la ética; segundo, se muestra el enlace entre la formación ética y la pragmática del lenguaje; tercero, se mira la mutua implicación de verdad y razón, y, cuarto, se caracteriza la alteridad como idea reguladora de la ética en los procesos de formación.

The subject of the paper is evaluating and comparing the activity of using digital technologies for the realisation of democratic values by students of Polish and Ukrainian higher educational establishments: rights to freedom of access to information; tolerant communication with other people; awareness of the values of solidarity, equality.The study was carried out at

The Russian Federation became a member of the Council of Europe in 1996. This step determined the development of Russia's judicial system for the coming several decades and made it possible for Russia's national system of law to integrate into judicial landscape of Europe, thereby enabling Russia to uphold democratic values. The emergence of new legislation affected all branches of Russia's system of law. But the experience of the two decades has demonstrated that such modernization can be effective only by way of dialogue rather than by simple copying and implementing international rules. An important role in this process was played by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation (RF) that was founded in 1991. The paper reviews the role it played in the 1993 Constitutional crisis, examines the Court's structure and powers, and also analyzes the juridical nature of its decisions. The Author analyzes the collisions between decisions handed down by the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitution of Russia from the point of view of the stand taken by the Constitutional Court of the RF. In the end, the Author arrives at the conclusion that there is a need for a dialogue among European and national systems of justice with the help of filtration mechanisms and multilevel constitutionalism. * Ph.D. in History from ussr Academy of Sciences. Master's degree in Law and Historian from the

The Russian Federation became a member of the Council of Europe in 1996. This step determined the development of Russia’s judicial system for the coming several decades and made it possible for Russia’s national system of law to integrate into judicial landscape of Europe, thereby enabling Russia to uphold democratic values. The emergence of new legislation affected all branches of Russia’s system of law. But the experience of the two decades has demonstrated that such modernization can be effective only by way of dialogue rather than by simple copying and implementing international rules. An important role in this process was played by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation (RF) that was founded in 1991. The paper reviews the role it played in the 1993 Constitutional crisis, examines the Court’s structure and powers, and also analyzes the juridical nature of its decisions. The Author analyzes the collisions between decisions handed down by the European Court of Human Ri...

Artykuł dotyczy zasady jawności postępowania sądowego, która jest uznawana za ważną część prawa do sądu zagwarantowanego w Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i traktatach międzynarodowych. W artykule omówiono prawne podstawy i wyjątki od zasady jawności postępowania sądowego oraz jej znaczenie z perspektywy socjologicznej jako instytucji kontroli społecznej. Następnie autor omawia wyniki empirycznych badań praktycznego przestrzegania zasady jawności postępowania sądowego w czasie epidemii, które polegały na analizie zarządzeń prezesów sądów regulujących zasady wstępu do budynków sądów oraz na obserwacjach posiedzeń sądowych. Na koniec przedstawiono reakcje sędziów na zaobserwowane zagrożenia dla zasady jawności postępowania sądowego i porównano je z reakcjami na zagrożenia dla innych elementów prawa do sądu. Autor zastanawia się, jakie wnioski płyną z wyników tych badań dla zrozumienia przemian w zakresie systemu wartości grupy zawodowej sędziów w Polsce.  

The article deals with the causes of Russia’s war on Ukraine, which is based on political and geopolitical interests, economic and military strategies, ambitions of individual political leaders, and mentality factors. The ontological basis of the war is the historically formed fundamental difference between the spiritual world, mentality traits of Ukrainians and Russians, which formed under the influence of a particular culture, with its ethnic, value and worldview coordinates, and under the influence of ideologies that determined the features of social and political life at different historical times. A strong spiritual system is created in the social and cultural space of the state, which preserves its values from generation to generation in the culture, forming a stable mentality and enduring attitudes. Their conceptual comprehension expands the context of cause-and-effect connections, helps to understand the situation more deeply and to choose optimal effective mechanisms for gradually successfully resolving the complex geopolitical situation that threatens the whole world.

There are ongoing debates regarding the causes of social movements in recent decades in Hong Kong. Whether economic frustration or political discontent promotes Hong Kong residents' non-institutional political participation (NiPP) remains an unanswered but important question. This study is an investigation of how perceived relative deprivation, democratic values, and attitudes toward Mainland China may influence Hong Kong residents' participation in collective action. The analysis of a random sampling survey in 2017 (N = 919) showed that 35.4% of the respondents had participated in protests, strikes, or online collective actions. Young, single and male respondents, and those with higher education levels and incomes were more likely to engage in NiPP. Our results reveal a mixed impact of relative deprivation on NiPP: while perceived unfairness contributed to NiPP, perceived social status was positively associated with NiPP. In contrast, perceived mobility had no significant effect on NiPP. Moreover, respondents scoring higher in democratic values were more likely to participate in non-institutional political movements. However, the attitude toward Mainland China, serving as a system-justification mechanism, affected the possibility of collective actions and moderated the effect of democratic values. These empirical findings offer nuance to understandings of the social and political turbulence in Hong Kong.

Artykuł dotyczy zasady jawności postępowania sądowego, która jest uznawana za ważną część prawa do sądu zagwarantowanego w Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i traktatach międzynarodowych. W artykule omówiono prawne podstawy i wyjątki od zasady jawności postępowania sądowego oraz jej znaczenie z perspektywy socjologicznej jako instytucji kontroli społecznej. Następnie autor omawia wyniki empirycznych badań praktycznego przestrzegania zasady jawności postępowania sądowego w czasie epidemii, które polegały na analizie zarządzeń prezesów sądów regulujących zasady wstępu do budynków sądów oraz na obserwacjach posiedzeń sądowych. Na koniec przedstawiono reakcje sędziów na zaobserwowane zagrożenia dla zasady jawności postępowania sądowego i porównano je z reakcjami na zagrożenia dla innych elementów prawa do sądu. Autor zastanawia się, jakie wnioski płyną z wyników tych badań dla zrozumienia przemian w zakresie systemu wartości grupy zawodowej sędziów w Polsce.

The article concerns the principle of open court, which is an important part of the right to a fair trial under the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and international treaties. It discusses the legal basis and exceptions to the principle of open court and its importance from the sociological perspective as an institution of social control. Next, the author discusses the results of empirical research on the practical observance of the open court principle during the state of epidemic. Orders of court presidents regulating access to court buildings and observation of court sessions are analysed. Finally, the author compares the reactions of judges to the observed threats to the principle of open court and compares them with the reactions to threats to other elements of the right to a fair trial. He discusses possible conclusions that can be drawn from the results of these studies for understanding the changes in the value system of the professional group of judges in Poland.

Günümüzde alternatif ölçme ve değerlendirme kapsamında çok sayıda ölçme aracı kullanılmaktadır. Kelime ilişkilendirme testleri, alternatif ölçme ve değerlendirmede en fazla kullanılan araçlardan birisidir. Tüm derslerde olduğu gibi sosyal bilgiler dersinde de kullanılabilecek bir ölçme aracıdır. Öğrencinin bilişsel yapısını ve bu yapıdaki kavramlar arasındaki bağları gözler önüne serebilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, alternatif bir ölçme değerlendirme tekniği olan "Kelime İlişkilendirme Testi" aracılığıyla 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin yeryüzü şekillerine yönelik bilişsel yapılarını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Konya ili Meram ilçesinde bulunan Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı üç ortaokulda 8. sınıfta öğrenim gören 102 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kelime ilişkilendirme testi kullanılmıştır. Kelime ilişkilendirme testinde yeryüzü şekillerini içeren altı anahtar kavrama yer verilmiştir (dağ, ova, yarımada, boğaz, körfez, plato). Öğrencilerden bu anahtar kavramları gördüklerinde akıllarına gelen kelimeleri belli bir süre içerisinde yazmaları istenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analize tabi tutularak, anahtar kavram ve cevap kelimelerden oluşan frekans tablolarına kaydedilmiştir. Bu frekans tabloları ışığında öğrencilerin bilişsel yapılarını ortaya koymak üzere kavram ağları oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma sonucuna göre çoğu öğrencinin dağ kavramını yüksek, ova kavramını düzlük, yarımada kavramını deniz, boğaz kavramını İstanbul, körfez kavramını deniz, plato kavramını ise yüksek ile ilişkilendirdikleri görülmüştür. Araştırmada öğrencilerin anahtar kavramlardan biri olan plato ile ilgili yeterince ilişkilendirme yapamadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Plato anahtar kavramını sadece yüksek kelimesi ile ilişkilendirebildikleri görülmüştür. Bir kavramla ilişkilendirilen kelimeler, ilişkilendirilen kelimelerin sayıları ve nitelikleri o kavramın anlaşılıp anlaşılmadığını belirlemekte kullanılabilir. Bu bağlamda kelime ilişkilendirme testinin bilişsel yapıyı ortaya çıkarmada etkili bir teknik olduğu söylenebilir.

This explorative case study sets out to investigate how ITEps student teachers as well as ITEps alumni perceive practical implications of upholding democratic values in the classroom environment, within the context of international teacher education. Literature suggests that attention for global citizenship, democratic values and education for human rights and children's rights is widespread in international schools (Hayden, Levy & Thompson, 2015). At the same time, there is a conceptual confusion about what constitutes "good" democratic citizenship education, such as shown in a recent study by Treviño et al. (2021). There are regional contexts as well as global developments, such as dissatisfaction with liberal democracy, the rise of authoritarianism and populism, growing migration and global concerns about climate change, that raise the question of what is needed for 21st century global citizenship education. The aim of this study is to explore how ITEps students and alumni perceive upholding democratic values in the classroom environment, during teaching practice experiences and (early) careers in international schools. They come from a range of different (inter-) national and cultural backgrounds themselves. We want to find out what factors potentially foster and what other factors hinder their respective appreciation of democratic values. This study forms the starting point for a wider project. A project that will seek to understand how cultural factors impact (student) teachers' perception of democracy.

Arastirmanin temel amaci, ortaokul 8. sinif ogrencilerinin bagimsizlik, ozgurluk, ozguven ve cagdaslasma degerlerine yonelik algisal gelisim ve degisimlerini incelemektir. Bu dogrultuda deger ogretimi yapilmadan once on uygulama, deger ogretimi yapildiktan sonra da son uygulama yapilarak veriler karsilastirilmistir. Arastirma 2014-2015 egitim-ogretim yilinda ogrenim goren toplam 26 adet 8. sinif ogrencisi ile yurutulmustur. Nitel arastirma yontemlerinden ontest sontest uygulamali fenomenografik arastirma deseni kullanilarak yapilan calismada veri toplama araci olarak kelime iliskilendirme testi ile yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu kullanilmistir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz ve icerik analizi ile cozumlenerek kavram agi haritalari, yuzde ve frekans tablolari olusturulmustur.

Transformational leaders are typically seen as visionaries and catalysts of organizational change. Although organizational change is important, the transformational leadership model is vitally important and relevant to the public sector in ways that are not accounted for in this model. This article builds on and extends existing literature by identifying the key normative elements of a public sector transformational leadership model. Specifically, it focuses on why transformational leadership in the public sector should explicitly address democratic norms and the role of citizens and citizenship in both formulating and realizing shared goals.

Niniejszy artykuł jest przeglądem głównych problemów definicyjnych i argumentacyjnych debaty nad demokracją. W pracy przedstawiono nie tylko złożoność pojęcia demokracji, ale również analizie poddano główne argumenty w dyskusji na temat fundamentalnych zasad, na których opierają swoją działalność współczesne państwa. Analizie poddano ponadto wskaźniki jakości demokracji, w oparciu o najnowsze raporty Freedom House: „Freedom in the world 2022” oraz Economist Group: „Democracy Index 2021”, które służą do określania poziomu demokracji w poszczególnych państwach, pokazując jednocześnie postępujące tendencje odwrotu od demokracji w różnych regionach na świecie.

The current acceptance of value orientations by adolescents, changes in acceptance over time, and the connection with changes in social relations are undoubtedly of special interest to researchers, as well as certain segments of society. In this article, the results of the acceptance of the same value orientations at seven points in time, published in the works of different authors starting from 1972 as the first year in which data were available, were compared with the results of their acceptance at the eighth point, i.e., in 2018. The 2018 results were obtained by the author of this article, on a random sample of 832 secondary school students in Belgrade, with the same value orientations as in the previous seven papers: utilitarianism, hedonism, altruism, and activism. The number and type of value orientations are limited by the need to have the same ones throughout the time interval so that comparison is possible. The aim of the paper was: a) to determine the degree of desirabili...

This study investigated democratic values of pre-service English language teachers in relation to their teacher self-efficacy perceptions in a Turkish context. It also examined the possible relationships between gender, grade and democratic values and selfefficacy perceptions. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 294 pre-service teachers. Findings show that they had a high level of democratic values while senior students reported the highest rate of democratic values. Results did not show a significant difference between democratic values and gender. Participants also reported a moderately high level of self-efficacy. Lastly, correlation was found between their democratic values and self-efficacy perceptions.

The article aims to present a content analysis focused on the occurrence of democratic values in the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe. Compared to other historical international law documents, the Final Act does not contain explicit claims regarding basic democratic procedural mechanisms, such as elections. In contrast, different democratic values have penetrated this document through references to human rights and freedoms, equality before the law and self-determination. We incorporated the presented analysis into the broader context of the so-called governance turn – post-war trend, thanks to which references to democracy and the promotion of democratic values have become the norm of international law.

Bu calismanin amaci Sosyal Bilgiler dersi ile demokratik degerler ve demokratik egitim arasindaki iliskiyi incelemektir. Degerler egitimini olusturan temel degerlerden bir tanesi de demokratik degerlerdir. Demokratik degerler Sosyal Bilgiler dersi icin oldukca onemlidir. Demokratik bir toplum yapisinda demokratik degerleri olusturan degerlerin nasil ve ne sekilde ogretilecegi konusu oldukca tartisilmistir. Bununla beraber Sosyal Bilgiler egitimi programinin icerigi ve diger degerlerle olan iliskisi acisindan Sosyal Bilgiler dersinin boyle bir misyonunun oldugu gorulmustur. Demokratik degerlerin ogretimi acisindan bir diger onemli dayanak noktasi da demokratik egitimdir. Demokratik degerlerin ve demokratik egitimin birbirini tamamlar nitelikte oldugu gorulmustur.

Democracy as a political system aims to improve individuals' welfare and is considered as a desirable regime for that reason. Even if it is defined in different ways pointing out various aspects based on time and cultural background of societies, it has some common values shared by every person like equality, respecting life, justice, freedom, honesty, the search for goodness, cooperation, self-esteem, tolerance, sensibility, responsibility, acceptance of difference and so forth. This study aimed to determine the devotion level of Turkish 8th grade students to democratic values. The sample of the study comprised of 448 8th graders attending to middle schools located in Yozgat. In order to collect the necessary data Democratic Values Scale developed by İlgan et al. (2013) was used. According to the findings of the study, it was seen that Turkish 8th grade students adopted democratic values at a high level.

EU educational mobility programmes have long been geared towards not only the promotion of intercultural communicative competence, but also the uptake of European civic values. While the linguistic and socio-cultural effects of European training mobilities have been extensively studied, their effectiveness in supporting active citizenship and the emergence of shared community values remains largely unexplored. Similarly, no  previous research has attempted to systematise the various conceptualisations of European civic and democratic values invoked in mobility projects addressing the topic. To bridge this lacuna, this paper reviews qualitative data from EU school-based mobility projects whose stated purpose, singularly or in conjunction with other educational goals, is the promotion of European civic awareness and democratic values among adult participants in a Spanish region. The methodological approach for the compilation of the corpus of project records, data
extraction and processing follows that of Qualitative Comparative Analyses. The results point to a broad operationalisation of European civic and democratic themes in the examined projects. The coexistence of a limited number of specific proposals for deliberate educational intervention aimed at promoting democracy and European citizenship abroad, alongside the prevailing stance, which posits a spontaneous
acquisition of such values through participation in transnational learning activities aimed at developing communicative, intercultural and digital skills, is also reported.

This article reveals the key factors (economic, technological, demographic, socio-cultural, gender) and the ongoing/emerging changes in the social and labor system of society. Changes affect all spheres and contexts without exception (labor market, organization and working conditions, population employment system, management and labor processes, content, workplace culture and ethics.) At the same time, they are often contradictory, and not necessarily tangible, perceived or evaluated as changes. Multiplicity and scale, acceleration and capacity of changes form the conditions for the development of a new quality of the system — its fragility. The fragility is understood as the actual distribution of essentially new and uncontrolled processes and phenomena within the social labor system behind the external facade of its integrity and stability. Experts and politicians everywhere are asking questions about whether it is possible to overcome the current state of affairs and what the fut...

Bu araştırmada, değerler eğitimi yaklaşımlarına göre geliştirilen demok rasi eğitimi etkinliklerinin, 6. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler dersinde öğrencilerin demok ratik değerlerinin geliştirilmesine ve demokrasi algılarına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, hoşgörü, saygı, eşitlik, temel hak ve özgürlükler gibi demokratik değerlere yönelik etkinlikler geliştirilerek uygulanmaya çalışıl mıştır. Çalışmada nitel ve nicel araştırma desenlerinin bir arada kullanılması sonucu oluşan “paralel karma yöntem” kullanılmıştır. Deney gurubu 27, kont rol gurubu ise 29 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Araştırma verileri; Demokrasi Algısı Ölçeği ve görüşme kayıtlarından elde edilmiştir. Nicel verilerin analizinde iliş kisiz örneklemler t-testinden, nitel verilerin analizinde ise betimsel analiz yön teminden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda deney ve kontrol grubunun ölçüm sonuçları incelendiğinde deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu görmüştür [t(54)=8.568, p<.05]. Nitel verilerin analizi...

В статье аргументируется тезис о том, что интенсивная глобализация Модерна как доминирующего политического проекта современности при всей возможной вариативности институциональной реализации в различных регионах мира предполагает сохранение единства его ценностного ядра. Институциональное разнообразие Модерна обусловлено, прежде всего, исторической неодновременностью, а не культурными особенностями предшествующего развития соответствующих регионов. Поэтому теория «множественной современности» акцентирующая политическую значимость культурных отличий, является способом концептуального свертывания ценностного проекта Модерна, стремящегося преодолеть эти различия в более универсальных ценностных и институциональных формах, в пользу цивилизационного дискурса.