Darwin

Inhalt
Christoph Binkelmann: Enthusiasmus und Skepsis. Das europäische Pendel
Burkhard Nonnenmacher: Kants Postulatenlehre als Prüfstein für Heideggers »These der neuzeitlichen Ontologie«?
Günter Zöller : Ex aliquo nihil. Fichtes Anti-Kreationismus
Kai U. Gregor: Eine Kritik innerhalb der Grenzen der Vernunft. Wilhelm Weischedels Grundlegungsversuch einer Philosophischen Theologie im Zeitalter des Nihilismus und ein Gedanke Fichtes
Marco Rampazzo Bazzan: Die Staatslehre Fichtes unter dem Aspekt der
politischen Theologie nach Carl Schmitt
Cristiana Senigaglia: Die Spur der Andersheit: Fichte und Levinas
Detlev Pätzold Hegels Philosophie der Religion: Die Stellung der Religion zwischen Kunst und Philosophie
Arthur Kok: Absoluter Geist und Schöpfung. Jan Hollaks neothomistische Hegelkritik
Kazimir Drilo: Kritik des religiösen Bewusstseins. Falk Wagners theologische Interpretation von Hegels »Wissenschaft der Logik«
Jakub Kloc-Konkołowicz: »Der Mensch lebt in zwei Welten […]«. Religion und Staat in Hegels Ansicht und in der heutigen Debatte
Elena Ficara: Der ontologische Gottesbeweis bei Hegel und in der analytischen Philosophie 
Robert Marszałek: Die Gegenwart der Religionslehre des mittleren Schelling
Mildred Galland-Szymkowiak Philosophie und Religion bei K.W.F. Solger.
Ein Beitrag zur nachkantischen Frage nach dem Prinzip der Philosophie
Patrick Grüneberg: Der transzendentale Gott
Wibke Rogge: Emmanuel Lévinas: Über die Beziehung des Unendlichen zum Seienden als Gemeinschaft in der Trennung
Ansgar Lyssy : Darwin, Gott und Neurotheologie. Was können uns die Biowissenschaften über die Religion sagen?

Part I – Spirilla Theory and Cosmology
Stephen Hawking once proclaimed that String Theory may be able to unify the various forces although later he became disillusioned thinking that there may be no Theory of Everything. This very condensed book pulls together the various forces into the Spirilla Theory which supersedes String Theory and introduces the Relativity of Consciousness.

The foundation of the Spirilla Theory is based on the writings of H. P. Blavatsky, A. B. Bailey, and A. Besant. By overlaying the works of Einstein, Bohm, de Broglie, Dirac, Bell and other great scientific minds, on top of the foundation, the unification of the various forces and theories starts to appear; each field of study supplying a part of the puzzle but only a holistic view of ALL endeavors will solve the mystery. The book starts by laying the groundwork through the Introduction, a review of Bell’s Theorem and p-adic mathematics; following this, each major section begins with a quote from the foundational works followed by the quotes from scientific papers demonstrating the current known thinking on the various topics; no attempts are made to edit the works (except with a few exceptions for clarity and/or length) of the various authors and references to the scientists’ works are maintained. Each section is pulled together so that a picture can be seen.
This section;
1. Redefines the atom with the addition of a subquark;
2. Defines the Spirilla Theory which unifies Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity, and explains Quantum Entanglement;
3. Defines new particles;
4. Redefines time and space;
5. Defines and solves the mystery of Black Holes and links the cosmic and quantum black hole through the spirillae;
6. Delves into the mystery of the Macroverse;
7. Outlines the steps in the origins of the universe;
8. Adds an equation to Einstein’s original 1905 paper on relativity which sees the speed of light approaching infinity;
9. Gives the foundation for developing space travel; and, as an appendix,
10. Gives detailed information for the development of a new energy source – Quantum Energy.

Part II - Ontology, Epistemology & Manifestations
Part II is divided into three sections:
1. Ontology and the fundamental concepts of reality which discusses:
a. consciousness and delves into the mystery of human consciousness having cosmic origins;
b. reincarnation and gives the various laws affecting rebirth, with a discussion on the principle of mutation and the perfecting of form;
c. the work of form-building, transmutation of form and the building of a human form.
2. Epistemology which covers a great deal of topics however; for the purposes of NOE the subject is restricted to;
a. evolution including a definition of the Law of Evolution, the cyclic ebb and flow and the rhythmic work of creation, the process of substitution, the evolution of man and the genesis of the pithecoid stocks; and
b. death including the processes of death, two main reasons for cremation and the sequence of events at death.
3. Manifestations of the various religions including:
a. why Christians don’t believe in reincarnation;
b. the coming science of invocation and evocation;
c. Quantum Entanglement Over Time (QEoT) or The Law of Cause and Effect, and The Law of Karma with a discussion on The Golden Rule ; and
d. The New World Religion.

This paper sheds light on the role of evolutionary ideas in
the making of Turkish nationalism during the Kemalist era
(1923–1938). By so doing, it aims to challenge some of the
dominant historiographical viewpoints as to the nature of
Turkish nationalism. One is related to the Kemalist elites'
predisposition towards the so-called “scientism” seen as
one of the bases for nationalism. We intend to turn upside–
down the relation between the Kemalists' use of science
and Turkish nationalism. Second, we problematize the “culturalist”
origins of Turkish nationalism arguing that the
seemingly “culturalist” reflections of the time were, indeed,
materialist formulations based on the science of the times.
We discuss in this respect the Kemalist elites' use of evolutionary
ideas. By synthesizing the ways in which these elites
employed evolutionary ideas in the fields of history, language,
geography, anthropology, biology, eugenics, and
pedagogy, we aim to understand the specific nature of
Turkish nationalism before 1945. This secular nationalism
conceived culture as having materialist bases and differed
fundamentally from the culturalist varieties of Turkish
nationalism coloured by Islam in the post-1945 era. Furthermore,
the paper empirically enriches the complex and
entangled story of evolutionary ideas in the early Turkish
Republic.

La tesi presenta inizialmente il pensiero di Jacques Derrida sull'animalità. Il tema affrontato è la sovranità dell'uomo sul resto dei viventi, in particolare nei riguardi della discriminazione dell'animalità. Nei capitoli a seguire si attua un'emancipazione dell'animalità e non dall'animalità come la corrente umanista voleva. Attraverso l'ontogenesi del concetto di "umanità" viene decostruito il costrutto che sorregge la soglia che divide l'uomo dagli animali, laddove essi partecipano all'animalità in maniere differenti. L'emergenza di questa composizione dei temi trattati si erge ad azione esemplare con cui Derrida, prima di morire, ha lasciato delle tracce da seguire durante il ricevimento del premio Adorno.

Intelligent design theorist William Dembski hasproposed an``explanatory filter''fordistinguishing between events due to chance, lawful regularity or design. We show that ifDembski's filter were adopted as a scientificheuristic, some classical developments inscience would not be rational, and thatDembski's assertion that the filter reliablyidentifies rarefied design requires ignoringthe state of background knowledge. Ifbackground information changes even slightly, the filter's conclusion will vary wildly. Dembski fails to ...

Although Jung made a connection between his concept of the archetype and mankind's evolutionary history throughout his career, he remained notoriously tight-lipped about his own specific views on evolutionary theory. In the final years of his life, however, he finally went more into detail about this important topic, putting forward a most thought-provoking idea: the notion that synchronicity, or meaning ful coincidences, had a role to play in the way evolution took shape. As I will argue in this paper, Jung's comments on this topic present clear evidence that he did not think primarily along Darwinian lines, as has recently been claimed; rather, I will argue that he adopted what Wolfgang Pauli referred to as a third position-one that goes beyond both Darwinism and Lamarckism. This third position is strongly informed by the notion that evolutionary changes are not random but meaningful, and that synchronicity has a role to play in the way evolution takes shape. This suggests that Jung is not so much a kindred spirit to Neo-Darwinian evolutionary psychologists, but a thinker who is much closer in his intuitions and affinities to several evolutionary thinkers who have been influential in the field of transpersonal psychology, most notably Ken Wilber.

La placca africana ed arabica si separano di circa 15 millimetri all'anno destinando il Mar Rosso a diventare il quarto oceano del pianeta Marco Ligi, Enrico Bonatti, Marco taviani I l Mar rosso, quel braccio d'acqua tra Africa ed Asia, ricco di storia, che nei millenni vide fiorire civiltà, nascere religioni e combattere guerre, da un punto di vista geologico rappresenta un oceano ancora nella sua infanzia. L'Esodo racconta della fuga dalla schiavitù, sotto il Regno d'Egitto, del popolo d'Israele verso la Terra Promessa, attraverso il Mar Rosso: «Allora Mosè stese la mano sul mare e le acque si divisero. Gli Israeliti entrarono nel mare asciutto, mentre le acque erano per loro una muraglia a destra e a sinistra. Gli Egiziani li inseguirono con tutti i cavalli del faraone, i suoi carri e i suoi cavalieri, entrando dietro di loro in mezzo al mare. Il Signore disse a Mosè: stendi la mano sul mare: le acque si riversino sugli Egiziani, sui loro carri e i loro cavalieri. Mosè stese la mano sul mare, le acque ritornarono e sommersero i carri e i cavalieri di tutto l'esercito del faraone, che erano entrati nel mare dietro a Israele: non ne scampò neppure uno». L'apertura biblica del Mar Rosso fa da eco a quella geologica; in fatti le placche Africa ed Arabia si separano alla velocità di circa 15 mm/anno e quest'oceanobambino è destinato a diventare il quarto del pianeta, insieme all'Indiano, al Pacifico e all'Atlantico, e in futuro località come SharmelSheik, tra le più ambite mete turistiche del pianeta, si affacceranno non più su un mare minore, ma su un grande oceano. Per oltre 2 miliardi di anni il motore interno del nostro pianeta ha innescato un processo ciclico (con un periodo di circa 500 milioni di anni), dove gli oceani si chiudono e i continenti si aggregano in un singolo supercontinente che poi viene disgregato e disperso. Uno dei passi principali, nel Ciclo di Wilson, è la separazione continentale e la nascita di un nuovo oceano, con la conseguente formazione di mar gini passivi coniugati. La frammentazione di un blocco continentale avviene, quando a seguito di un regime estensionale, la deformazione si focalizza in una regione ben definita-in genere in corrispondenza di zone di debolezza litosferica, come per esempio le vecchie linee di sutura-e la litosfera continentale inizia ad assottigliarsi, dando così vita ad un rift continentale. In seguito, con il proseguire dell'e stensione, i blocchi continentali si dividono definitivamente con la formazione di una dorsale mediooceanica, al di sotto della quale il mantello astenosferico risale e fonde parzialmente producendo nuova crosta oceanica. La regione dell'Africa OrientaleGolfo di AdenMar Rosso contiene una serie di rift in differenti stadi di evoluzione, da 90 n DaRwin n setteMbRe/ottobRe n medIterraneo n

Nell'ambito della riflessione che Telmo Pievani ha costantemente dedicato all'arricchimento conosciuto in tempi recenti dal programma di ricerca evoluzionistico, non è mai mancata un'attenzione speciale per la figura di Charles Darwin. Dopo le importanti curatele riservate ai Taccuini (Laterza, 2008) e a L'origine delle specie. Abbozzo del 1842 (Einaudi, 2009) -alle quali si sono aggiunte più di recente le Lettere sulla religione (Einaudi, 2013) -, dopo l'agile Introduzione a Darwin uscita presso la collana laterziana "I filosofi" (2012), Pievani torna nelle librerie con un volume interamente e specificamente dedicato a L'origine delle specie. Un'attenzione, quella di Pievani per Darwin, che ha saputo sempre coniugare l'interesse più peculiarmente storico con l'esame scrupoloso degli aspetti teorici ancora fecondi quest'oggi, un binomio che ritroviamo senza dubbio nella dettagliata analisi condotta in Anatomia di una rivoluzione.

En la epistemología la influencia de la teoría darwiniana comienza en el último tercio del s. XX, a partir de una concepción del conocimiento entendido como estrategia biológica privilegiada. La epistemología tradicional presuponía que el acercamiento al conocimiento en tanto tarea filosófica, podía realizarse a priori, sin necesidad de recurrir a las investigaciones empíricas. Es en de la década del 70 cuando comienza a cuestionarse este abordaje.

The Center for Product Design and Manufacturing (CPDM) of University Malaya going to take part in the World Solar Challenge (WSC) 2009. It is a biannual solar powered car race over 3021 km from Darwin to Adelaide. The aim of this project is to build a system for monitoring performance of the solar vehicle during testing and race, a data acquisition and telemetry (DaqT) system is needed. In this project, a DaqT system will be developed using National Instruments' (NI) Lab VIEW, compactRIO (cRIO) and MaxStream Xstream Radio Frequency modules. The DaqT is able to measure signals from sensors which are thermocouples, current transducers, battery storage and tachometer. Experiment is conducted to investigate the capability of the DaqT system to process signals from essential sensors, transmit data with wireless communication and data logging. The results of this project from the experiment, the DaqT manage to transmit data in open space up to 700 meters and the percentages of the error is below 5%.

Nuestra gran curiosidad es el motor que nos impulsa a dar respuesta a grandes preguntas, una de las más difíciles de responder por mucho tiempo fue el origen de la vida y del ser humano.
Esto se debe a dos fenómenos transcendentales en la historia de la tierra: la abiogénesis para el origen de la vida y la evolución para origen a las especies. En este texto busco explicar de la forma más sencilla las dos teorías científicas que explican cómo se dieron estos dos fenómenos.

If there is one thing that history has shown us, its that the belief in free will as a product of existence has led to delusion. We attach some form of "the self" to our actions, not realizing the magnitude of the external factors in play. The english pre-Darwin evolutionists believed that the goal of evolution was literally "the englishman" until Darwin presented his theory of natural selection, showing them that they are just a product of natural selection that does not have a telos or set goal. Criticisms of Darwin appeared due to the somewhat nihilistic implications that the theory of natural selection provides.

«Il vostro avvertimento che sarei stato preceduto si è rivelato oltremodo vero, non ho mai visto una coincidenza più impressionante; se Wallace avesse avuto il mio abbozzo manoscritto, redatto nel 1842, non avrebbe potuto farne riassunto migliore!». Così scriveva Darwin, in preda al panico, all’amico Lyell nell’estate del 1858 dopo aver ricevuto una manoscritto in cui Alfred Russel Wallace indicava per la prima volta la selezione naturale come motore dell’evoluzione. Nel 1858! L’anno prima della pubblicazione dell’Origine delle specie. Oggi quasi unicamente ricordato per essere stato l’altro uomo che scoprì la selezione naturale, Alfred Russel Wallace merita di essere annoverato tra i massimi naturalisti vittoriani, e sicuramente tra i fondatori della biogeografia evolutiva. Ai vasti interessi naturalistici affiancò l’impegno sociale in difesa dei deboli e una sincera fede nello spiritualismo, che lo portò a credere in un disegno sovrannaturale finalizzato al progresso morale dell’umanità. E’ nostro auspicio che il centenario della morte di Wallace sia un’occasione per recuperare la memoria di un uomo che non fu solo un grande naturalista, ma anche un vero gentleman.

La questione antropologica è sicuramente uno dei temi più dibattuti all'interno degli studi filosofici attorno all'opera di Primo Levi. L'obbiettivo del presente contributo è quello di offrire una lettura darwiniana del modo in cui lo scrittore torinese ha definito il complesso rapporto tra umano e non-umano. A mio parere, analizzare il pensiero antropologico di Levi a partire dalle tesi psicologico-evoluzioniste esposte da Darwin in The Descent of Man permette infatti di risolvere le contraddizioni e le aporie in cui sembrano cadere alcune interpretazioni post-umaniste e umaniste. L'ipotesi di un Primo Levi 'lettore di The Descent of Man' verrà qui indagata sia dal punto di vista filologico sia da quello argomentativo e concettuale.

This essay seeks to read Bram Stoker’s Dracula through the lens of Jeffrey Jerome Cohen’s Monster Theses to explore Stoker’s construction of the monstrous. I argue that the characters in Dracula are monstrous because they weaken boundaries and cross borders, especially blurring the distinction between human and animal, acting as beings to be both desired and feared.

This paper was awarded a Distinction.

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Indians had a highly rich heritage of culture, science and education. In order to colonise India, it was necessary for them to make Indians mentally broke and turn them against the glorious past of India and be the perpetrator of British strategy.

Cet ouvrage, centré sur la question interdisciplinaire de la rencontre entre les animaux humains et non humains, cherche à créer des passerelles entre les différents courants des études animales. Des chercheurs issus des sciences de l'homme et des sciences de la nature questionnent les grandes étapes historiques, politiques et philosophiques qui ont marqué les relations que nous entretenons avec les animaux non humains depuis le Moyen Âge. Ce volume s'attache à mettre au jour les moments de rupture ainsi que le rôle de certains précurseurs de la révolution animale. Il interroge également la notion d'anthropomorphisme et se termine par une ouverture sur le domaine artistique.

(Mi ponencia para las V Jornadas de Historia de Daimiel) 1. Introducción La publicación de El origen de las especies de Charles Darwin en 1859 supuso la rápida difusión por todos los países de la civilización occidental de las ideas biológicas evolucionistas. No fue Darwin el primer evolucionista, pero fue él quien de una manera metódica y con mayor capacidad de observación y síntesis aportó más pruebas a favor de la evolución de las especies y, sobre todo, quien formuló una explicación de la evolución enteramente basada en un mecanismo procesual natural que satisfacía plenamente los cánones y presupuestos de la ciencia moderna. De esta manera Darwin explicaba el aparente "diseño" y constitución finalística de los seres vivos de una manera puramente natural, haciendo innecesario el recurso a causas sobrenaturales o finales, que quedan excluidas de la ciencia por la propia esencia de su proyecto de conocimiento. Esta explicación meramente natural y mecanicista de la evolución se basa en la llamada por Darwin selección natural: los actos reproductivos de las especies hacen surgir variaciones hereditarias y los organismos que poseen variaciones hereditarias favorables para la adaptación al medio sobreviven y se reproducen, mientras que los organismos dotados de variaciones hereditarias no adaptativas mueren y no se reproducen. De esta manera surge toda la variedad de especies del reino natural.[1] Como es sabido, Darwin postuló este mecanismo de la evolución por selección natural observando lo que ocurre en la crianza selectiva de animales domésticos. De la misma manera que el criador de animales domésticos o de ganado selecciona aquellos especímenes que le interesa criar y permite que se reproduzcan y desecha a otros con características que no le interesan e impide que se reproduzcan, consiguiendo de esta manera nuevas razas y variedades de los animales en cuestión, el medio natural cumpliría un papel similar con respecto a los animales que viven en libertad, al provocar que los que tienen características adaptativas

Adnan Oktar (Harun Yahya)

Anyone who carefully considers this world and the things that enable him to live for even a few minutes will be completely astonished. Our planet, which was specially created for life in one of the giant galaxies in the endless void of space, constantly revolves within that boundless void. The Sun, just one of the universe's billions of stars, sends its rays to Earth within that same void. As a result, our planet is warmed; the various food, water, and nitrogen cycles occur, and human beings, animals, plants, and micro-organisms are able to survive due to the countless conditions that make their continued life possible. Countless details have been combined and presented to human beings in the most beautiful and flawless manner to meet the requirements of human life and/or to bestow beauty and blessings. Each detail, which has its own artistry, is a distinct marvel of creation. Sometimes, these details are so crucial that life would cease without them and Earth would become a dead planet. Scientists cannot come anywhere close to creating or imitating most of them, let alone create them out of nothing.

Allah (God) bestows blessings on human beings at all times. For example, people survive thanks to their DNA (which is copied every moment), their continual and uninterrupted process of breathing, their always-beating hearts, the ever-revolving Earth, the atoms' non-stop motion, and countless other details. Various kinds of foods, the solar rays that give color to Earth, the plants that engage in photosynthesis, rain, the micro-organisms that feed plants, the oceans, and countless other blessings are all means whereby life survives. Earth's location, the existence of the Sun and Moon, their distance from Earth, and their location within the Milky Way; their sizes, angles, and orbits; and the gasses, molecules, and atoms they contain have all been created in the most ideal form for humanity's existence. People must reflect on how they have been created so flawlessly along with all of the blessings that ensure their continued survival, and how these things are all reminders of a most important truth:

It is Almighty Allah Who created all people out of nothing, Who created all of the beauty that surrounds them and all of the blessings of which they are aware or unaware. He constantly renews each of these blessings and creates the astonishing details in each one. This is Allah's art of detail.

O objetivo deste estudo é reconstruir a argumentação de Charles Darwin sobre o princípio da divergência de caracteres. Seu argumento é estruturado de forma clara e precisa em premissas e conclusão, de modo a relevar o valor verdade de suas proposições; além disso, é dado destaque às suas estratégias argumentativas. A tese que Darwin sustenta é aquela segundo a qual variedades e espécies de um mesmo ambiente tendem a se tornar cada vez mais distintas, ao que ele denomina princípio da divergência. As estratégias de Darwin são apresentadas por meio de exemplos e analogias – uma em relação aos efeitos da seleção artificial e outra a respeito dos benefícios da diversidade de estruturas nos sistemas fisiológicos. É ressaltada, também, a possibilidade de que Darwin tenha percebido a atuação da seleção natural sob o nível de comunidades, na medida em que seu argumento requer a premissa segundo a qual a competição entre espécies diminui a aptidão dos organismos. Além disso, é apresentado que, para Darwin, o princípio da divergência é resultado do princípio de seleção natural.

Many contemporary Jains assert that the ancient tradition of Jainism is compatible with modern science. Some authors specifically attempt to demonstrate the early evolutionary insights of “Jaina biology” which, when compared to Darwin’s 19th-century theory, may be partial, implicit, resonate with “Darwinian expressions,” or offer a corrective to Darwin’s account by redefining certain aspects of evolution altogether. 

In this presentation, I explore three strategic arguments contemporary Jain authors have made for their tradition’s compatibility with Darwin’s theory of evolution, namely that the Jain view posits (1) biological resonances and epistemic flexibility, (2) the evolution of consciousness explained through karmic variation, and (3) the exceptional possibility of human omniscience. I will highlight persistent challenges within these arguments that undermine any easy comparison between the Jain worldview and Darwin’s theory. 

The Jain tradition does not speak in one voice regarding modern science. However, as Jain communities move and develop into new contexts with fresh concerns beyond ancient orthodoxies, we find a proliferation of divergent responses to claims such as Darwin’s theory of evolution that keep the Jain tradition alive and changing in its own right.

La evolución no se basa en la obra de Darwin sino en la de Lamarck, pero nuestro objetivo aquí no es hablar de evolución, sino analizar la contribución de Darwin. Si se admite que el haber hecho una primera aproximación a la evolución es mérito de Lamarck, en cuya obra se inspira la de Darwin, ¿en qué consiste entonces la aportación de este autor? Cuando se quiere estudiar la obra de un autor no queda más remedio que leerla a fondo; y esto es lo que hemos hecho. No hemos leído buscando la confirmación de ideas comunes sino que, por el contrario, hemos buscado una novedad que nos ha sorprendido. Hemos leído meditando, de la manera que recomendaba hacerlo Lamarck :

Je n'écris point pour ceux qui parcourent les livres nouveaux, presque toujours dans l'intention d'y trouver leurs opinions préconisées ; mais pour le petit nombre de ceux qui lisent, qui méditent profondément, qui aiment l'étude de la Nature, et qui sont capables de sacrifier, même leur propre intérêt, pour la connaissance d'une vérité nouvelle
(No escribo para aquellos que examinan rápidamente los libros nuevos, casi siempre con la intención de hallar en ellos sus ideas preconcebidas, sino para los pocos que leen, que meditan profundamente, que aman el estudio de la naturaleza y son capaces de sacrificar incluso sus propios intereses, por el conocimiento de una verdad nueva.)

Hemos tirado la red y, al retirarla, hemos visto cómo el lago se quedaba seco.

A booklet in Italian explaining Darwin to Middle-School students. Produced by UAAR Varese.
Produced in occasion of:
2017, Feb 6-10 (h.) - Circolo UAAR di Varese, Various Middle Schools (tot. 500 students) in the Varese area: Darwin Day. Conferences for Middle School students.

Resumen.
Tanto el tema de la ciencia como la noción de creatividad en Nietzsche no han sido abarcadas con la atención que se merecen. El tema de la ciencia, sin embargo, puede considerarse un hilo de investigación que va llamando la atención de un gran número de  filósofos. La noción de creatividad, por su parte, ocupa, entre otras nociones, un lugar poco conocido dentro de los intereses que giran en torno a la  figura del pensador de Röcken. Así pues, pretendemos desarrollar un estudio del concepto de ciencia en Nietzsche centrándonos en un análisis de su crítica, para posar la mirada en el tema del darwinismo. La creatividad será estudiada a la luz de las obras de Nietzsche y posteriormente en nexo con la ciencia. La relación entre estos temas permite un novedoso acercamiento al estudio de la ciencia en Nietzsche y de esa manera percibir sus posibles consecuencias.

_The Physiology of Love and Other Writings_ is the first English annotated collection of Mantegazza’s selected works. In my extensive introductory essay, Mantegazza’s hybrid contributions from fiction, travel-writing, and ethnography to physiology, medicine, and politics are reevaluated as instances of a proto-cultural-studies approach attuned to the cross-fertilization of disciplines and the circulation of ideas in a period of European intellectual history that defied the notion of specialization.
Table of contents:
The Physiology of Love
And Selections from:
On The Hygienic and Medicinal Virtues of the Coca Plant and on Nervine Nourishment in General
One Day in Madeira
A Voyage to Lapland with my Friend Stephen Sommier
India
Epicurus: Essay in a Physiology of the Beautiful
The Neurosic Century
The Tartuffe Century
Head: Or, Sowing Ideas to Create New Deeds
Political Memoirs of a Foot Soldier in the Italian Parliament
The Year 3000: A Dream
The Psychology of Translation

To most, Charles Darwin's story is simply the birth of the Theory of Evolution. In reality, the story of how Darwin came to this theory, and the many people who would shape his destiny, is itself a story that needs to be told. Like many superhero movies of the 21st century, Darwin has a " back story " , the tale of how Darwin became Darwin. Darwin's story can appeal to many readers on different levels. On the purely academic level the work traces the influence of Alexander von Humboldt, Goethe and Wordsworth, in addition to Erasmus Darwin, on the development of Charles Darwin's theory of natural and sexual selection. On another level is the story of the development of Darwin's imagination and how this enabled his theories to evolve during the Victorian era when it was difficult to express them, yet at the same time in an era which encouraged them. This was a very contradictory time in history indeed. Charles Darwin's Debt to the Romantics is an attempt to mirror Darwin's own narrative, in which, through his imagination, he engages in conversation with the reader on a journey to discover the laws behind the process in which life evolves. These traces in time, moving both backwards into the past and forwards into the future, are like footprints in the sand, some of which get washed away never to be seen again. What drew me to this research was the Romantic notion of the imagination in which the self is so very much a part of Nature. We try very hard to observe nature objectively, but we can never get away from being subjectively part of it at the same time, just through the very act of observing it through our senses or through the act of remembering what we have seen, or think we have seen. And these footprints, or recreated memories of our past, are there for us to see today in fossils or archaeological remains — a mental map of our descent. What makes all of this so Romantic is the almost terrifying or sublime notion that mind has come from matter — that mind evolved and originated from that which was not mind. This is surely one of the greatest mysteries of our very existence — that science, poetry, literature, language, thought and culture have all ultimately evolved from inorganic nature (and this, of course, is only part of the story, as inorganic nature evolved before this).

Con ‘legge della giungla’ si è soliti identificare un regime di spietata competizione e assenza di solidarietà. In realtà, l’espressione indicava, nella finzione narrativa di Kipling, le regole di comportamento sociale e cooperativo che gli animali dovevano tenere verso i propri simili e le altre specie. La forza del lupo è il branco, e la forza del branco è il lupo, insegnava questa legge antica e sacra. Anche la teoria sviluppata da Darwin subì un analogo travisamento. Nonostante ne L’origine delle specie l’evoluzione fosse già  indicata come la causa genetica di istinti sociali e cooperativi, essa fu interpretata ben presto come l’egoismo provato scientificamente. Darwin cercò di ribaltare questo pregiudizio ne Il lignaggio dell’uomo, esponendo una complessa genealogia del senso morale a partire dagli istinti sociali. Le idee centrali di questa genealogia erano che: a) il valore adattivo della moralità consiste in un’accresciuta coesione sociale, la quale a sua volta è la chiave per la riuscita nella lotta per la sopravvivenza tra diversi gruppi umani originari; b) lo sviluppo degli istinti sociali comporta una progressiva estensione, fino all’universalità, dell’altruismo e dell’imparzialità. Ma se il meccanismo che produce lo sviluppo delle facoltà morali è il conflitto tra gruppi, allora sembra esserci una tensione col suo prodotto, l’estensione degli istinti sociali fino al limite universalistico del senso morale. Allo stesso modo, se la dimensione adattiva degli istinti morali si produce a livello del gruppo, resta da capire il suo valore per i singoli membri. In questo contributo esplorerò alcuni aspetti di questi problemi, in relazione a tre temi presenti ne Il lignaggio dell'uomo: la discussione dell’utilitarismo, il rapporto tra individuo e gruppo nello sviluppo degli istinti sociali, e la relazione tra senso morale e progresso.

This chapter questions the reductionist assumption that bits of lifeless matter must have grouped themselves into complex patterns that eventually became living conscious beings. There is no decisive reason to question Peirce’s suggestion that mind came first and that mechanical causality emerges when regions of a fundamentally conscious universe settle into deterministic habits. If we define consciousness in a way that ignores clearly accidental properties such as looking and behaving like us, some form of panpsychism is not only possible but plausible. Ignoring this possibility could cause us to subconsciously exclude legitimate avenues of research.

This thesis focuses on the role and historical development of strategies of experimental domestication in scientific knowledge production, with a particular focus on the function of the laboratory strains known as 'wild types' in the model organism systems of classical genetics, where they play the role of standing in for the 'natural' instance of the species so that variation may be measured. As part of establishing how lab wild types came to assume this role, I have situated them within a much longer historical trajectory that tracks how changes in the manner that European intellectual traditions conceptualised the domestic-wild divide were linked to the development of new forms of scientific domestication and knowledge production. These new developments required that existing domesticating practices be intensified, expanded and analogised in order to better control, capture and comprehend 'wild' nature. My first two chapters introduce the domestic-wild div...