Dark Triad

J.K. Rowling had sworn she was finished with Harry Potter, sworn so loud that everyone knew it was a lie. She tried some other styles but it did not work really.

So revive that poor dead and buried Harry Potter the author changes media and shifts from the printing press to the theater stage where she finds two people who are going to help her in that new venture, a playwright and a stage director.

The play in London was and is a success but the book, though bestselling is going to be disappointing to the readers who have not seen the play. The money-making logic of the venture will lead the producers of the play to releasing a DVD-Bluray capture of the stage production as fast as possible for the millions of people who want more than a few stage directions. She might be tempted to shift directly to a cinema production but that will frustrate the readers the same way since a cinema production cannot be compared to a play. It is like moonshine and starshine in a fully sunny sky. The film will have to betray the play to be realistic in its special effects.

But what I discover is that the author, from the very start, is obsessed by trilogies, triads, ternary structures, and so on.

The Adaptation of the Short Dark Triad Personality Measure – Psychometric Properties of a German Sample

This paper was published as and please cite this article as:  Malesza, M., Ostaszewski, P., Büchner, S., & Kaczmarek, M.C. (2017). The Adaptation of the Short Dark Triad Personality Measure – Psychometric Properties of a German Sample. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9662-0

Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-017-9662-0

Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy are often referred to as the Ôdark triadÕ of personality. We examined the degree to which these constructs could be identified in 82 persons recruited from the general population, predicting that the dark triad would emerge as a single dimension denoting the cardinal interpersonal elements of primary psychopathy. We expected the primary psychopathy dimension to correlate negatively with Agreeableness (A) and Conscientiousness (C), whereas secondary psychopathy would be associated with Neuroticism (N). The negative correlation was found between primary psychopathy and A, but not with C. While the predicted correlation between secondary psychopathy and N was found, N was also positively associated with primary psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Factor analysis revealed that all measures of the dark triad loaded positively on the same factor, upon which A loaded negatively. Secondary psychopathy loaded positively on a second factor, together with N and (negatively) with C. These findings reiterate the distinguishing properties of secondary psychopathy, impulsivity and anti-social behaviour relative to primary psychopathy. Thus, even in the general population, the dark dimension of personality can be described in terms of low A, whereas much of the anti-social behaviour in normal persons appears underpinned by high N and low C.

In five studies (total N = 1,300) we developed and validated a Polish version of the Dirty Dozen measure (DTDD-P) that measures the three traits of the Dark Triad, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. We detail the presence and stability of a bifactor structure of the 12 items and present evidence for good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. We examine the nomological network surrounding the Dark Triad and show that both the Dark Triad total score and the subscales have acceptable validity. We also present evidence on the Dark Triad and moral behavior. Dark Triad predicts utilitarian moral choice (e.g., approval for sacrificing somebody’s life for the sake of saving others) and this link is mediated by low empathic concern. In total, our results suggest that the Polish Dirty Dozen—Parszywa Dwunastka—is valid, stable, and useful for the study of lingering puzzles in the literature.

The purpose of this article is to identify the effects of dark tetrad personality traits (such as narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism and sadism) on counterproductive work behavior with the mediating role of psychological contract breach and the moderating effect of political skills. Previous researches have focused on the direct effect of the dark triad to measure the counterproductive work behavior of individuals. Recently, everyday sadism has been added to the dark triad and become dark tetrad personality traits. Therefore, this study examines the dark tetrad personality traits to study counterproductive work behavior. This study applied structural equation modeling using partial least square to test the hypotheses on a sample of 400 doctors from the health sector of Pakistan. The results of this study reveal that dark tetrad has a positive and significant effect on counterproductive work behavior, and psychological contract breach significantly partially mediates in the relationship between dark tetrad and counterproductive work behavior. Furthermore, findings show that the moderating effect of political skills also positively and significantly strengthening the link between dark tetrad and the psychological contract breach. The conclusion of this study is made an innovative contribution to the Pakistan health sector,

Among the Dark Triad of personality, both narcissism and psychopathy have been linked to impulsivity. What remains unclear is the pattern of associations that the Dark Triad have with functional and dysfunctional types of impulsivity. Using both student (N = 142) and adult samples (N = 329), we investigated the association of the Dark Triad variables with Dickman's measures of functional and dysfunctional impulsivity. Based on regression analyses, psychopathy was most closely associated with dysfunctional impulsivity whereas narcissism was associated with functional impulsivity. It appears that narcissistic impulsivity involves venturesome social engagement whereas psychopathic impulsivity stems from poor self-regulation. As expected, Machiavellianism had no consistent association with either type of impulsivity. In short, the Dark Triad members show a coherent pattern of relations with impulsivity.

People with high dark triad tendencies are often found in leadership positions. Yet research is lacking on whether dark triad personality traits positively correlate with the height of leadership levels (no leadership position, low-level leaders, high-level leaders, head and founder of the company). To explore this relationship between the dark triad and these leadership levels, three studies (N Germany = 137; N Hungary = 333; N BothCountries = 355) were conducted, to measure dark triad scores for each leadership level. The results reveal that people in higher leadership levels display both higher self-rated and subordinate-rated dark triad scores. Further research is needed to investigate whether this finding is replicable for more objective measures and longitudinal studies as well as cultural norms, which may discourage or support dark triad traits. As the organizations are an important factor in promoting ethic-oriented behavior in individuals, one practical implication could be increased focus on developing ethical behavior during the assessment and training of leadership positions.

Research in the organizational sciences has tended to portray prosocial behavior as an unqualified positive outcome that should be encouraged in organizations. However, only recently, have researchers begun to acknowledge prosocial behaviors that help maintain an organization’s positive image in ways that violate ethical norms (e.g., misrepresenting or exaggerating the truth, concealing damaging information about the firm). Recent scandals, including Volkswagen’s emissions scandal and Penn State’s child sex abuse scandal, point to the need for research on the individual factors and situational conditions that shape the emergence of these unethical pro-organizational behaviors (UPB). Drawing on trait activation theory, we argue that the ‘‘dark’’ trait of Machiavellianism should make individuals more willing to engage in UPB. Further, we argue that this willingness will be augmented when Machiavellians hold bottomline-mentality climate perceptions (BLMCPs), or the perception that ethical standards matter less than organizational performance. Using data from 170 U.S. employees, results suggested that Machiavellians are more willing to engage in UPB, but that BLMCPs may not affect their motivation to engage in UPB. We discuss the study’s theoretical and practical implications, as well as avenues for research.

Studies on reactions to psychological stress suggest a strong association between personality traits and coping
style. Despite of the many studies on this topic, there is a lack research that has examined whether the different
social aversive personality traits are associated with different coping preferences. A personality framework
dedicated specifically to the socially aversive traits is the Dark Triad Personality referring to Machiavellianism,
psychopathy, and narcissism. Therefore, the current study was aimed at examining the association between
Dark Triad personalities and coping strategies. Two hundred individuals (82 men) completed the short Dark
Triad questionnaire and two different self-report coping scales (CISS,WCQ). Correlation and multiple regression
analyses showed that the way how narcissists cope with psychological distress appear to be clearly distinct from
the coping preferences associated with Machiavellianism and psychopathy. More specifically, Machiavellianism
and psychopathy were negatively associated with task-oriented coping and positively with the emotionaloriented
coping process suggesting a more emotional reaction to stress. In contrast, narcissism was found to be
associated with task oriented and emotionally controlled coping.

The Dark Tetrad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism) are associated with antisocial online behaviors. However, the mediating role of these behaviors between the Dark Tetrad and problematic social media use (PSMU) is unclear. Among a sample of 761 participants, we investigated direct and indirect associations of the Dark Tetrad traits with PSMU via cyberbullying, cyberstalking, and cybertrolling. Multiple mediation analyses demonstrated cyberbullying and cyberstalking fully mediated the relationship between Machiavellianism and PSMU in the total sample and among men. Narcissism was indirectly associated with PSMU via cyberstalking in the total sample and among women. The relationship between sadism and PSMU was fully explained by cyberbullying and cyberstalking in the total sample. Cybertrolling was associated with sadism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism, although it was not related to PSMU. We suggest that antisocial online behaviors may provide an explanation for the relationship between dark personality traits and PSMU with different behaviors mediating different traits among men and women.

The dark triad refers to the combination of three attributes that are considered to be dark personality traits; these are Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy. The present study examined the relationship between the dark triad and prejudice. Participants completed a survey that measured personality traits and levels of prejudice. The findings showed that the dark triad was a significant predictor of prejudice, with Machiavellianism being the strongest individual predictor. A positive correlation was found between all personality variables and prejudice. The effects of dark personality traits were independent of age, gender and level of education. No demographic differences were found in the present study. It was concluded that the dark personality traits have a significant effect on levels of prejudice, nonetheless more research needs to be done into the role of each personality variable and their contribution to the relationship between the dark triad and personality.

This research was designed to adapt and investigate the psychometric properties of the Short Dark Triad measure (Jones and Paulhus Assessment, 21(1), 28-41, 2014) in a German sample within four studies (total N = 1463); the measure evaluates three personality dimensions: narcis-sism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. The structure of the instrument was analysed by Confirmatory Factor Analyses procedure. It indicated that the three-factor structure had the best fit to the data. Next, the Short Dark Triad measure was evaluated in terms of construct, convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency (≥ .72), and test-retest reliability during a 4-week period (≥ .73). Concurrent validity of the SD3 was supported by relating its subscales to measures of the Big Five concept, aggression, and self-esteem. We concluded that the Short Dark Triad instrument presented high cross-language replicability. The use of this short inventory in the investigation of the Dark Triad personality model in the German language context is suggested.

This manuscript addresses derailment, narcissism, and Machi-avellianism individually, discusses the assessment of dark leadership, and describes various strategies intended to address dark leadership in organizational settings. Kellerman (2004) suggested that despite decades of unconditional positive regard toward leaders and leadership, "flawed leaders are everywhere" (p. 41), and in many cases, bad or unworthy individuals hold leadership positions successfully. The multi-faceted study of these leaders and their behavior is dark leadership. Dark leadership encompasses the concepts of derailment , narcissism, and Machiavellianism. The research conducted over the past five years, along with a hand full of seminal sources presented here, describe the empirical work on dark leadership within these three facets.

What dark side characteristics do you have? How can you use them to get ahead? How can they hurt you? This presentation will help you to learn more about the dark side of personality, in particular the Dark Triad of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy.

Problem Durumu

Kişilik özellikleri ile ilgili çalışmalar uzun yıllardır psikoloji literatüründe oldukça dikkat çekmektedir. Son zamanlarda  “Karanlık üçlü” olarak isimlendirilen narsizim, makyavelizm ve psikopati kişilik özellikleri yeni araştırmalara konu olmaktadır. Bu kişilik özellikleri psikoloji literatürüne yeni giren kavramlar olmamakla birlikte, kişiliğin karanlık yönleri olarak birlikte araştırılmaktadır (Paulhus ve Williams, 2002).  Narsisizm eğilimi olan bireyler, ilgi odağı olmaktan hoşlanmakta, dikkat çekmeyi sevmekte ve kalabalık karşısında olmayı istemektedir (Twenge ve Campell, 2010). Bu bireyler kendilerine hayranlık duymakta, kendi başarıları karşısında oldukça böbürlenmekte ve statü göstergelerine oldukça önem vermektedir (Miller, 2006).  Ayrıca narsizm eğilimi olan kişiler, kendi hayatlarını her yönden en üst düzeye çıkarmak için durmadan bir yarış içerisindedirler. Yarış işe yaradığında bir gurur patlaması yaşayan bu kişler, yarışı kaybettiklerinde ise öfke ve suçlama krizleri yaşamaktadırlar (Twenge ve Campell, 2010). Makyavelizm ise bireylerin kendi çıkarları için diğer insanları kullanmalarını kapsayan bir kişilik özelliği olarak tanımlanmaktadır (Wilson, Near & Miller, 1996). Makyavelizm eğilimi olan bireyler kendi amaçlarına ulaşmak için diğer bireyleri araç olarak gören ve onları kendi çıkarları doğrultusunda kullanabilen kişilerdir (Christie & Geis, 1970).  Psikopati eğilimi olan bireyler ise psikotik bir sendromu bulunmayan, entelektüel kapasiteleri normal olan fakat ahlaki değerlerden yoksun olan, pişmanlık duymayan ve kontrolsüz davranışlarda bulunan bireylerdir (Schulsinger, 1972). Karanlık üçlü kişilik özellikleri bağlamında ele alınan narsist, makyavelist ve psikopati kişilik özellikleri klinik düzeyde olmayan ancak kişiliğin olumsuz özelliklerini barındıran bireyleri tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır (Jonason & Webster, 2010). Bu çalışma ile alana,  kişiliğin olumsuz yönlerini ortaya koyan yeni bir ölçek kazandırılacağı ve bu kişilik özellikleri ile ilişkili riskli durumları incelememize fırsat vereceği düşünülmektedir.
Araştırmanın Amacı
Bu araştırmanın amacı Jonason ve Webster (2010) tarafından geliştirilen Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğini Türkçeye uyarlamak ve ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarını yapmaktır.
Yöntem
Günümüzde ölçek uyarlama çalışmaları tek bir çalışmadan ziyade her bir aşamasında farklı katılımcıların yer aldığı birden fazla aşamada gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğini uyarlama çalışması da her bir adımda farklı katılımcıların yer aldığı dört adımdan oluşacak şekilde planlamıştır.  Ölçek uyarlama sürecine geçmeden önce Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğini geliştiren Dr. Peter Karl Jonason ile mail aracılığıyla iletişime geçilerek uyarlama için izin alınmıştır. Uyarlama çalışmasının ilk adımında ölçeğin Türkçeye çevrilme süreci ve dilsel eşdeğerlik çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu adımda, ölçeğin Türkçeye çevirisi yapılıp çevrilen form tekrar İngilizceye çevrilmiştir. Çeviri ve değerlendirmeler, araştırma ekibinin yanı sıra, İngilizceye hakim olan ilgili alanda eğitim görmüş üç öğretim elemanı ve dil bilimci olan bir öğretim elemanının da dahil olduğu toplam sekiz kişilik kurul tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çevrilen formlar, anadili Türkçe olan Anadolu Üniversitesi İngilizce Öğretmenliği son sınıf öğrencilerine (N1 = 37) birer hafta ile uygulanmış ve Türkçe form ile orijinal form arasındaki ilişkiye bakılmıştır.
Ardından çalışmanın ikinci adımında Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğinin geçerlik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bu adımda, ölçeğin yapı geçerliği ve uyum geçerliği çalışmaları Anadolu Üniversitesinin çeşitli fakültelerinde öğrenim gören 430 [258 (%60) kadın, 172 (%40) erkek; Yaşort = 20.66 ± 2.26] üniversite öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Yapı geçerliği bağlamında, ölçeğe ilişkin öne sürülen modelin Türk kültüründe çalışıp çalışmadığını incelemek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uyum geçerliği kapsamında Sıfatlara Dayalı Kişilik Testi (Bacanlı, İlhan ve Aslan, 2009), Narsistik Kişilik Envanteri (Ames, Rose ve Anderson 2006; TR: Atay, 2009) ve Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği (Diener, Emmons, Larsen ve Griffin, 1985; TR: Durak, Senol-Durak ve Gencoz, 2010) kullanılmıştır.
Çalışmanın üçüncü adımında, Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğinin geçerliğine ek kanıt sağlamak için ölçeğin geliştirme çalışmasında yer alan ölçme araçlarının Türkçe formları kullanılarak ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik çalışması Anadolu Üniversitesinin çeşitli fakültelerinde öğrenim gören 375 [231 (%62) kadın, 144 (%38) erkek; Yaşort = 21.13 ± 1.98] üniversite öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Bu adımda, Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğinin yanı sıra,  Buss-Perry Saldırganlık Ölçeği (Buss ve Perry, 1990; TR: Madran-Demirtaş, 2013) ve Rosenberg Öz-saygı Envanteri (Rosenberg, 1965; TR: Çuhadaroğlu, 1985) kullanılmıştır.
Çalışmanın dördüncü adımında Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğinin güvenirlik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğinin güvenirliğini incelemek için ikinci ve üçüncü adım ayrı ayrı ve elde edilen toplam verinin Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca dört hafta arayla 91 [56 (%61) kadın, 35 (%38) erkek; Yaşort = 20.61 ± 1.31]  üniversite öğrencisine Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeği uygulanarak ölçeğin test-tekrar test güvenirliği incelenmiştir. Güvenirlik analizleri kapsamında son olarak düzeltilmiş madde-toplam korelasyonu ele alınmıştır.
Bulgular
Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğinin dilsel eşdeğerlik katsayısının Makyavellizm, psikopati ve narsisizm alt boyutları için sırasıyla .98, .97 ve .97 olduğu görülmüştür.  Yapı geçerliği için uygulanan DFA sonucuna göre ölçeğin üç boyutlu yapısının doğrulandığı görülmektedir; x2 (51, N = 430) = 145.16, p < .001; CFI = .96; GFI = .95; IFI = .96; SRMR = .047; RMSEA = 0.066 90%C.I. [.053, 0.078].
Uyum geçerliği kapsamında Narsistik Kişilik Envanteri ile Makyavellizm, psikopati ve narsisizm pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan, Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği ile Makyavellizm, psikopati negatif yönde anlamlı ilişkiye sahipken, narsisizmin anlamlı ilişkiye sahip olmadığı görülmüştür. Uyumluluğun da Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğinin alt boyutlarıyla negatif yönde anlamlı ilişkiye sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik kapsamında Buss-Perry Saldırganlık Ölçeğinin alt boyutları ile Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğinin alt boyutlarının tamamının pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiye sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Ancak Rosenberg Öz-saygı Envanteri ile Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğinin alt boyutları arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanamamıştır.
İkinci, üçüncü adımda ayrı ayrı ve toplam veri üzerinden hesaplanan Cronbach alfa katsayısı sırasıyla Makyavellizm boyutu için α2 = .80, α3 = .79 ve αtoplam = 79, psikopati boyutu için  α2 = .72, α3 = .73 ve αtoplam = .71 ve narsisizm boyutu için α2 = .87, α3 = .87 ve αtoplam = .87 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı da Makyavellizm için .80, psikopati için .78 ve narsisizm için .83 olduğu saptanmıştır. Düzeltilmiş madde-toplam korelasyonlarının Makyavellizm boyutunda .46 ile .70,  psikopati boyutunda .31 ile .58 ve  narsisizm boyutunda .66 ile .81 arasında sıralandığı görülmüştür.
Sonuç ve Öneriler
Çalışmanın bulgularına dayanarak Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeğinin üniversite öğrencilerinin Makyavelizm, psikopati ve narsisizm gibi karanlık üçlü özelliklerini değerlendirebilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu ifade edilebilir.

The role of the dark triad (DT) traits of leaders has become a popular research topic in the past two decades and these DT traits have been linked mainly to negative workplace outcomes. More recently, researchers have begun to focus on possible positive aspects of DT traits, aiming to test possible brightening factors on DT in a positive psychological context. This study examines the relationship between DT traits and possible brightening constructs, such as mental toughness (MT), resilience, and character strengths on a manager sample (N = 168). As predicted, subclinical narcissism was positively related to mental toughness, resilience and several character strengths. The relationship between subclinical narcissism and resilience was mediated by mental toughness. Subclinical psychopathy and Machiavellianism were largely unrelated to the brightening constructs studied. The implications for future research on the brighter side of DT for leadership are also discussed.

The present study examined the relationships between the Dark Triad personality traits and self-reported cyberbullying behaviors. College students (N = 227) completed a questionnaire and reported on their trait Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism, and the degree to which they cyberbullied (i.e., both visual and text based bullying) others in the past year. Correlations revealed that all three Dark Triad traits were related positively with cyberbullying. However, multiple regression analysis revealed that of the three Dark Triad traits, psychopathy emerged as the unique predictor of cyberbullying. These findings reinforce extant research suggesting that personality traits are important predictors of computer-mediated behavior.

While leadership scholars increasingly acknowledge the influence of followers in the leadership process, less attention has been paid to their role in the destructive leadership process. Specifically, the current debate lacks a broad-based understanding of different susceptible follower types that synthesizes related research across academic domains. Expanding on Padilla, Hogan, and Kaiser's (2007) toxic triangle model of destructive leadership, we integrate research and theory across various academic literatures to derive a cohesive taxonomy of vulnerable followers that we call the susceptible circle. We describe the core characteristics of each follower type, drawing on Barbuto's (2000) theory of follower compliance to highlight the psychological processes that motivate each follower to comply with destructive leaders. We then conclude by discussing theoretical and practical implications, as well as avenues for future research.

Although previous research has demonstrated that ego-threatened narcissists react aggressively, no allowance was made for the overlap of subclinical narcissism with subclinical psychopathy. Nor is there research directly comparing the reactions of these two personalities to physical threat. To investigate these distinctions, the present study examined the degree to which narcissists and psychopaths respond with aggression to ego threat versus physical provocation. Participants were given the opportunity to aggress with a white noise blast against an ostensible partner who had provoked them. Results replicated previous findings that narcissists aggress in response to ego threat provocation (a personal insult), even when overlap with psychopathy is controlled. By contrast, psychopathy emerged as the unique predictor of aggression in response to physical provocation (a gratuitous blast of loud white noise). The results point to qualitatively different aggression mechanisms underlying narcissistic and psychopathic aggression.

Theory and research on the psychology of white-collar offenders has historically been underdeveloped, and our understanding of the prototypical high-socioeconomicstatus offenders, such as today's chief executive officers and chief financial officers, first identified by Edwin Sutherland, has not benefited from the application of psychological trait theory. In this article, the author examines the negative synergy that develops when criminal thinking traits combine with the psychological traits of narcissism and psychopathy to create risk factors for white-collar offending. Psychological trait theory may be especially applicable to those who hold some of the highest positions in corporate organizations, who influence corporate culture, and who, at times, are considered visionaries in their respective industries.

Different personality traits are correlated with problematic internet use and online gaming. However, associations between dark personality traits and problematic online gaming (POG) have received less attention. The present study investigated direct and indirect associations of the Dark Tetrad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism) with POG via online gaming motives (controlling for hours spent gaming) among 421 online gamers. Mediation analyses showed narcissism was indirectly associated with POG via online gaming motives of escape and fantasy among role-playing game players and the total sample. Sadism was directly associated with POG among first-person shooter game players and indirectly with POG via online gaming motives of escape and fantasy among role-playing game players and the total sample. The findings suggest that dark traits should also be taken into account when considering theoretical models involving problematic gaming use, online gaming motives, and preference for different games.

Настоящото изследване си поставя за цел първи превод и адаптация на въпросника “Short Dark Triad” (SD3) в български културни условия. Изследвани са 407 лица между 18 и 55 години, като техните отговори са събрани чрез Интернет и социалните мрежи. Средната възраст е 22,83, като най-голям е броят на тези на 21-годишна възраст. Мъжете са 58,5%, а жените 41,5%. “Тъмната триада” се състои от три подскали – Макиавелизъм, Нарцисизъм, Психопатия. Първоначално бяха направени три отделни превода, след което бяха обобщени в един, който беше преведен обратно на английски език. Анализите от оригиналното изследване бяха повторени чрез статистическия пакет SPSS, но не беше потвърдена факторната структура на оригиналния въпросник. Бяха открити ниски до умерени корелации между трите компонента. Надеждността на подскалите също се простираше в диапазона между ниска до средна стойност.

Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy are often referred to as the ‘dark triad’ of personality. We examined the degree to which these constructs could be identified in 82 persons recruited from the general population, predicting that the dark triad would emerge as a single dimension denoting the cardinal interpersonal elements of primary psychopathy. We expected the primary psychopathy dimension to correlate negatively with Agreeableness (A) and Conscientiousness (C), whereas secondary psychopathy would be associated with Neuroticism (N). The negative correlation was found between primary psychopathy and A, but not with C. While the predicted correlation between secondary psychopathy and N was found, N was also positively associated with primary psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Factor analysis revealed that all measures of the dark triad loaded positively on the same factor, upon which A loaded negatively. Secondary psychopathy loaded positively on a second factor, together with N and (negatively) with C. These findings reiterate the distinguishing properties of secondary psychopathy, impulsivity and anti-social behaviour relative to primary psychopathy. Thus, even in the general population, the dark dimension of personality can be described in terms of low A, whereas much of the anti-social behaviour in normal persons appears underpinned by high N and low C.

Background and aims: Research has shown that personality traits play an important role in problematic internet use (PIU). However, the relationship between dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and spitefulness) and PIU has yet to be investigated. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships of dark traits with specific online activities (i.e., social media, gaming, gambling, shopping, and sex) and PIU. Methods: A total of 772 university students completed a self-report survey, including the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Scale, Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, Spitefulness Scale, and an adapted version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale. Results: Hierarchical regression analysis and a multiple mediation model indicated that being male was positively associated with higher online gaming, online sex, and online gambling, and negatively associated with social media and online shopping. Narcissism was related to higher social media use; Machiavellianism was related to higher online gaming, online sex, and online gambling; sadism was related to online sex; and spitefulness was associated with online sex, online gambling, and online shopping. Finally, Machiavellianism and spitefulness were directly and indirectly associated with PIU via online gambling, online gaming, and online shopping, and narcissism was indirectly associated with PIU through social media use. Discussion: Findings of this preliminary study show that individuals high in dark personality traits may be more vulnerable in developing problematic online use and that further research is warranted to examine the associations of dark personality traits with specific types of problematic online activities.

While there is a growing literature on "dark traits" (i.e., socially aversive traits), there has been a lack of integration with the burgeoning research literature on positive traits and fulfilling and growth-oriented outcomes in life. To help move the field toward greater integration, we contrasted the nomological network of the Dark Triad (a well-studied cluster of socially aversive traits) with the nomological network of the Light Triad, measured by the 12-item Light Triad Scale (LTS). The LTS is a first draft measure of a loving and beneficent orientation toward others ("everyday saints") that consists of three facets: Kantianism (treating people as ends unto themselves), Humanism (valuing the dignity and worth of each individual), and Faith in Humanity (believing in the fundamental goodness of humans). Across four demographically diverse samples (N = 1,518), the LTS demonstrated excellent reliability and validity, predicting life satisfaction and a wide range of growth-oriented and self-transcendent outcomes above and beyond existing measures of personality. In contrast, the Dark Triad was negatively associated with life satisfaction and growth-oriented outcomes, and showed stronger linkages to selfish, exploitative, aggressive, and socially aversive outcomes. This exploratory study of the contrasting nomological networks of the Light vs. Dark Triad provides several ways forward for more principled and data driven approaches to explore both the malevolent and beneficent sides of human nature.

The role of dark side personality characteristics in the workplace has received increasing attention in the organizational sciences and from leadership researchers in particular. We provide a review of this area, mapping out the key frameworks for assessing the dark side. We pay particular attention to the roles that the dark side plays in leadership processes and career dynamics, with special attention given to destructive leadership. Further, we examine the role that stress plays in the emergence of leaders and how the dark side plays into that process. We additionally provide discussion of the possible roles that leaders can play in producing stress experiences for their followers. We finally illustrate a dynamic model of the interplay of dark leadership, social relationships, and stress in managerial derailment. Throughout, we emphasize a functionalist account of these personality characteristics, placing particular focus on the motives and emotional capabilities of the individuals under discussion.

Hewitt and Flett’s 45-item Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS; Hewitt & Flett, 1991, 2004) is a widely-used instrument to assess self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism. With 45 items, it is not overly lengthy, but there are situations where a short form is useful. Analyzing data from 4 samples, this article compares 2 frequently used 15-item short forms of the MPS—Cox et al.’s (2002) and Hewitt et al.’s (2008)—by examining to what degree their scores replicate the original version’s correlations with various personality characteristics (e.g., traits, social goals, personal/interpersonal orientations). Regarding self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, both short forms performed well. Regarding other-oriented perfectionism, however, Cox et al.’s short form (exclusively comprised of negatively worded items) performed less well than Hewitt et al.’s (which contains no negatively worded items). It is recommended that researchers use Hewitt et al.’s short form to assess other-oriented perfectionism rather than Cox et al.’s.

The subclinical Dark Triad traits narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy are related to antagonistic behaviors in interpersonal situations. The current study addresses whether these three traits entail different social consequences by investigating self-ratings, ratings of others, and ratings by others for the Dark Triad. In a naturalistic setting, 93 informal, minimally acquainted student dyads worked briefly on a cooperative task and subsequently provided self-and other-ratings on the Big Five and intelligence, self-ratings on the Dark Triad, and ratings on properties of the interaction. Overall, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy manifested differently: profile analyses indicated that Machiavellians diverged from narcissists and psychopaths in self-ratings, ratings of others, and ratings by others, while narcissists and psychopaths converged to a moderate degree. Findings are discussed regarding the distinction of the Dark Triad traits.

In two online studies (total N = 1215), respondents completed personality inventories and a survey of their Internet commenting styles. Overall, strong positive associations emerged among online commenting frequency, trolling enjoyment, and troll identity, pointing to a common construct underlying the measures. Both studies revealed similar patterns of relations between trolling and the Dark Tetrad of personality: trolling correlated positively with sadism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism, using both enjoyment ratings and identity scores. Of all personality measures, sadism showed the most robust associations with trolling and, importantly, the relationship was specific to trolling behavior. Enjoyment of other online activities, such as chatting and debating, was unrelated to sadism. Thus cyber-trolling appears to be an Internet manifestation of everyday sadism.

The current study examined the presence of certain personality traits that exist within a general population, notably the search for evidence of the existence of factors, and constructs relating to the "The Dark Triad". The constructs of Psychopathy, Machiavellianism and Narcissm have been highlighted in the criminal psychopath, as well as the corporate psychopath. The research approach adopted in this study was on the premise, that if the personality constructs are present in successful executives, then are they also present in Business orientated students; the executives of the future. The sample comprised of 232 undergraduate students from the University of Bolton (95 men; 136 females). Of that sample there were 144 on a Business pathway, and 88 on a Psychology pathway. It was hypothesised that the business students would score higher on the measures associated with the Dark Triad, and they were measured using Pathway, Gender and Age as factors. General research in the area has found that the separate constructs of the Dark Triad correlate with each other, so this research question was also investigated. It was found that primary and secondary psychopathy was not a significant contributor when considering pathway, but a correlation was found between the constructs as predicted.

The dark triad (DT) traits—psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism—have been associated with counterproductive work behavior (CWB) in previous research. In addition, recent accounts have highlighted the role of workplace factors that interact with the DT to shape work behavior. As a result, the contextual boundaries of the relationship between the DT and CWB warrants closer scrutiny. DT traits coincide with an inherent desire for status and power, a proclivity that has been associated with unethical work behavior in the past. In this study, we expected this desire for power to be expressed as competitiveness in the workplace, which would mediate the relationship between the DT and CWB. In addition, our model hypothesized that competitiveness would interact with perceptions of fairness of status allocation to predict CWB. Using the Trait Activation theory, we hypothesized that perceived unfairness would strengthen the relationship between competitiveness and CWB when low, and buffer it when high. Using a sample of 171 employed men, we found that the DT was moderately associated with competitiveness and CWB. However, the data did not support the hypothesized mediation or second stage moderated mediation model. The indirect effect of the DT on CWB through competitiveness was non-significant at all levels of perceived fairness. Overall, our results suggest that the interaction between competitiveness and status-related fairness perceptions does not play a significant role in the DT’s effect on CWB.

Dark Triad traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy) are characterized by manipulation, emotional coldness, and a lack of empathy. The current studies investigated the influence of Dark Triad traits on heterosexual women's infidelity and romantic revenge. For Study 1, women (N = 102) completed the Mach IV, NPI-16, Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, bespoke Infidelity Experience Scale, Intentions Towards Infidelity Scale, and Susceptibility to Infidelity Instrument. Findings demonstrated that Dark Triad traits predict prior experience of infidelity, intentions to engage in infidelity and perceived susceptibility to a partner's infidelity. Narcissism and secondary psychopathy were the most influential traits. For Study 2, women (N = 108) completed the aforementioned Dark Triad trait measures and responded to a hypothetical scenario describing a partner's infidelity. Dark Triad traits predicted each type of revenge assessed except willingness to terminate the relationship. Secondary psychopathy was the only Dark Triad trait to emerge as a significant individual predictor. Together, these studies demonstrate that Dark Triad traits predict women's own infidelity, their perceived vulnerability to a partner's infidelity and revenge in response to this infidelity. Findings also highlight the importance of distinguishing between primary and secondary psychopathy.

The goal of the present investigation was to assess whether the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy) add significantly to the prediction of misconduct and the propensity to engage in high-stakes deception. Self-report scores were collected (n = 464) via the Short-D3 assessing the Dark Triad traits, the Comprehensive Misconduct Inventory measuring misconduct, and the Propensity to Lie Questionnaire investigating lying tendencies. Significant correlations were observed between nearly all variables, but in a multiple regression only psychopathy added significantly to the prediction of the misconduct factors. Further, only Machiavellianism was a significant predictor of high-stakes deception over and above the other predictors in the model.

Drawing on social exchange theory and a person-situation framework, we examined perceived organizational support as a moderator of the relationship between the Dark Triad personality traits of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy with specific types of counterproductive work behavior (i.e., sabotage, production deviance, withdrawal, theft, and abuse). Using a sample of 208 currently-employed online participants and structural equation modeling analyses we found that individuals scoring high on the Dark Triad traits reported engaging in some types of counterproductive work behavior less frequently when they perceived higher levels of organizational support. Our results support the person-situation interactionist model and suggest that individuals possessing higher levels of narcissism and psychopathy engage in certain types of counterproductive work behavior relatively less frequently when they perceive the organization as being supportive.

In light of the growing interest in the dark side of organizations in mainstream research, two concepts related to organizational behavior and management literature have received attention in recent years: counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) and dark triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy). It is only natural that current studies have tried to find a relationship between them; however, their findings were not impressive. This paper contends that the reason for the weak relationship found between the dark triad traits and CWBs is perhaps that studies have ignored some important mediators and moderators in this relationship. This conceptual paper presents a model of this relationship, arguing that perceptions of organizational politics and perceived accountability are two mediators of the relationship between the dark triad personalities and CWBs. The model also advances four moderators: first, political skill is expected to moderate the relationship between the two mediators and the dark triad. Second, three organizational moderators (organizational transparency, organizational policies, and organizational cul-ture/climate) are expected to moderate the relationship between the two mediators and CWBs. After presenting the model and the resulting propositions, the paper concludes with suggestions for future research regarding the proposed model.

Age and gender differences across the lifespan in dark personality features could provide hints regarding these features' functions. We measured manipulation, callous affect, and egocentricity using the Dirty Dozen and their links with agreeableness in a pooled cross-sectional dataset (N = 4292) and a longitudinal dataset (N = 325). Age trends for all dark personality features were progressive through adolescence, but negative through adulthood. Men scored higher than women, but the gender gap varied with age. Trends for agreeableness partly mirrored these trends and changes in dark personality features and agreeable-ness were correlated. Results are discussed in light of the maturity principle of personality, gender role socialization processes, and issues regarding incremental validity of dark personality over traditional antagonism measures.