Cultural and Spatial Representations of the Urban Poor

Some of the leading researchers in the field of helping the poor, are of the opinion that the path to take is to research about giving a selected group of poor people enough resources to raise the kids in this group to the level of non-disadvantaged kids with respect to nutrition and educational opportunities. Following this argument, it is to follow the progress of the kids, trying to nurture their hippocampus to about the same size as a cohort group of non-disadvantaged kids. The objective is to break the kids away from the cycle of poverty, crime, and more poverty. Even though the objective is commendable, the method suggested may not be the best way to spend public funds, even if such funds are available. The number of poor people helped will increase if traditional aid programs (mainly, with food vouchers) are expanded if increased resources are available, rather than increases for a select group of study participants who are poor.

In this article, we explore the wraparound approach of service delivery as a model for transnational social work. The wraparound model, used primarily within community-based children's mental health services and child protection initiatives, has been effective when planning services for clients and their families with complicated needs, whose care has to be provided within a multiple provider context. Most social work is delivered nationally or internationally rather than transnationally. In the article we outline how the model could be structured to meet the particular needs of transmigrants, including the involvement of NGOs and INGOs, and identify key obstacles and limitations.

Background: Society, as a whole, regards rag pickers as antisocial elements, an embarrassment to the community, and unfits to live. However, their useful contribution to society and ecology is little understood and generally ignored. The waste collected by these women is recycled and produces 25% of the paper, the packing materials, egg trays, plastic and metal household items, etc., used in homes. This benefits the society and world-ecology enormously by the production of cheaper household goods, and the slowing down of the destruction of the already threatened forests.
Objectives: To study the socio-economic condition of women rag pickers in the present-day scenario. To understand the health problems of women rag pickers. To examine the earning, spending and debt patterns of women rag pickers. Methods: The present study is based on primary and secondary data. The primary data have been collected from three towns of Warangal, Karimnagar and Khammam of Telangana State, India and the sample of the study comprised of 100 rag pickers and selected purposively by using a snowball sampling technique. Results: Majority of women rag pickers age group 21-30 years, 80 per cent are married, 74 per cent of illiterates, 50 per cent of scheduled caste, 87 per cent belong to the nucleus family, their family size is 5-7 members and 83 per cent staying at small huts. Nearly 68 per cent of women rag pickers income is below Rs.11,000/ per annum. Eighty per cent are in debt. Fifty-two per cent has drawn loan from moneylenders, the purpose of the debt on medical expenses, 90 per cent means of transportation for collecting garbages on foot. Majority of women rag pickers opinion that they do not continue this job for a long period, 85 per cent are facing health problems and 94 per cent also opinion that rag-picking is not an appreciated job. Most of the hazardous content was quite high in developing countries since the regulatory and enforcement system to control such waste disposal is usually not in operating.

Las trampas de la cultura… aborda la renovación y rejerarquización del barrio del Abasto iniciada en los noventa y la forma en que este proceso de recualificación cultural afecta a los habitantes de casas tomadas Esta investigación se enmarca en el contexto de una serie de trabajos que analizan las más recientes transformaciones urbanas en distintas ciudades y barrios desde una perspectiva crítica, denunciando los efectos excluyentes que conllevan para la población (Harvey y Smith, 2005; Delgado Ruiz, 1998; Herzer et al., 2001, Rodríguez y Devalle, 2001). Lo distintivo de este trabajo, inicialmente tesis de doctorado bajo la dirección de Mónica Lacarrieu, es que la autora no pretende dar cuenta de esta transformación urbana en sus efectos físicos, económicos o demográficos; sino reconstruir el proceso tomando las perspectivas de los distintos actores involucrados y los efectos que en ellos y para ellos tiene esta renovación. A través del cruce de miradas de los protagonistas, el texto hace manifiestas las aristas que una renovación urbana de esta clase genera, al tiempo que desmantela uno por uno los argumentos que funcionan como motor de estas transformaciones: el patrimonio, la cultura y la belleza.

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Video games are becoming an ever more ubiquitous element of daily life, played by millions on devices that range from smart phones to desktop computers. An examination of this phenomenon reveals that video games are increasingly being converted into cultural currency for a variety of purposes across the globe. For video game designers, culture is a resource that can be incorporated into games; for players, local gaming practices and specific social contexts can affect their playing experiences. In Cultural Code, Phillip Penix-Tadsen shows how culture uses games and how games use culture, looking at examples related to Latin America. Both static code and subjective play have been shown to contribute to the meaning of games; Penix-Tadsen introduces culture as a third level of creating meaning.

Penix-Tadsen focuses first on how culture uses games, looking at the diverse practices of play in Latin America, the ideological and intellectual uses of games, and the creative and economic possibilities opened up by video games in Latin America—the evolution of regional game design and development. Examining how games use culture, Penix-Tadsen discusses in-game cultural representations of Latin America in a range of popular titles (pointing out, for example, appearances of Rio de Janeiro’s Christ the Redeemer statue in games from Call of Duty to the tourism-promoting Brasil Quest). He analyzes this through semiotics, the signifying systems of video games and the specific signifiers of Latin American culture; space, how culture is incorporated into different types of game environments; and simulation, the ways that cultural meaning is conveyed procedurally and algorithmically through gameplay mechanics.

CONTENTS

Introduction: Toward a Cultural Ludology

Part I: How Culture Uses Games
1 Play
2 Persuasion
3 Potential

Part II: How Games Use Culture
4 Semiotics
5 Space
6 Simulation

Afterword: Decoding Culture

Notes
Index

The  Old Synagogue facilitated some of the most pivotal events in apartheid history, namely,  the Treason Trial of former president Nelson Mandela, and the Steve Biko Inquest. For decades restoration proposals  have not been fruitful, due to the costs involved and the impractical reuse functions for the building and surrounding site.
According to the Ethnologue, 377 of the of the almost 7500 known languages,  have become extinct since 1950. In South Africa three languages have suffered extinction, namely, |Xam, Seroa and | |Xegwi, with  N |u,  Xiri and Korana considered endangered.
Although difficult to halt, the current statues of indigenous cultures can be directly attributed to westernization. Therefore it becomes important to document cultures, with the added benefit of extending its existence beyond the individual culture. Should the death of a language or culture be suffered, a well documented archive could ensure the preservation of its memory.
The purpose of the proposed centre is to preserve existing narratives that are culture-specific. The facility should assist in conveying messages more accurately, ensuring the continual retelling of the recorded narratives.

Chapter 8 from The City of Reason vol 5 The Economic Concept of the City
by Dr Peter Critchley

This paper analyses the emergence of the Informational City as the Dual City entrenched in social polarisation. This development has a socio-historical context. The breakdown of fordism has had a powerful disciplinary impact on the three partners in the social contract – capital, labour and the state. ‘Big’ business, ‘big’ labour and ‘big’ government have been radically ‘downsized’ so as to become ‘lean and mean’ (Harrison 1994). Yet these three components have not downsized in equal measure. Post-fordism is characterised by the even greater dominance of corporations, now taking transnational form, by the weakening of the power of labour and by the disengagement of the state from the social and political concern to regulate capital in the public interest. The distribution of the costs and benefits of transformation have been unequal. The new economic geography is intensifying rather than eradicating social and spatial inequalities, distancing the city further from the project of justice through a vicious cycle of metropolarities that are entrenching and exacerbating existing inequalities of class, race and gender.

Considering ‘Cities Beyond the Plan’ helps us substantiate territory beyond being just a passive setting contingent to meta-forces. To do so, requires us look at logics and conceptual frame drawing from legal pluralism, that of space and territory, and Power. I explore this argument via the case of ‘Mayestripalya Kere’ a ‘wetland’ in one of Bangalore most elite neighborhoods. Here its wealthy residents co-join cartographic frames and singular perspectives of ‘the’ law to rationalize exclusive regimes. The chapter concludes with a wider question of substantiating territory and move beyond a perspective of the sacred as ‘minor’ religiosities as ‘local or tradition’ and see them as political spaces practiced that constitute the ‘urban’.

"Le Premier Homme" n'est ni uniquement un roman autobiographique, ni uniquement le support d'une critique sociale et politique. Il est tout ça à la fois et bien plus : il dresse le portrait d'une ville, d'une époque, d'une société, et aussi d'un homme, qui va partout et observe, enregistre, vit. Les souvenirs d'enfance ne sont pas un simple prétexte d'écriture : ils ont toute leur importance dans l'ouvrage, et servent autant à montrer le processus de construction d'un individu que l'état d'une société à un moment donné. Ils permettent également d'inscrire des personnages tel que la mère, la grand-mère, l'oncle (et l'instituteur) dans une intemporalité permise par la littérature, et sont ainsi le moyen pour Camus de leur rendre justice et de leur manifester sa reconnaissance. La démarche devient alors profondément politique : quoi de plus politique, en effet, que de vouloir écrire et diffuser la parole de ceux qui ont été réduits au silence par un système capitaliste et colonial ?

La obesidad, a partir de la década de 1980, ha evolucionado hasta convertirse en una de las enfermedades que causan mayor preocupación a nivel mundial. Su incremento constante en las sociedades occidentales afecta principalmente a las mujeres adultas de medio socioeconómico precario. En algunas zonas urbanas degradadas de Nueva York, París y Guadalajara, las políticas antiobesidad se entretejen con políticas de planiicación urbana para impulsar una war on obesity que pretende disminuir los riesgos de salud respecto a la alimentación y actividad física. Este libro tiene por objetivo realizar un abordaje espacial de la obesidad en South Bronx, La Courneuve y Lomas del Sur y revisar las relaciones que se construyen entre las formas de alimentarse y de habitar. Incluye un análisis de las trayectorias urbanas y de las experiencias vividas por las mujeres adultas desde la relación específica que establecen con la alimentación y la actividad física y desde las tensiones entre los modos de habitar y las políticas regulatorias de la salud corporal. La investigación se apoya en un conjunto de observaciones etnográficas y entrevistas realizadas a mujeres adultas y actores implicados en la alimentación y actividad física de los tres escenarios. Las mujeres adultas con sobrepeso y obesidad, en la heterogeneidad de las situaciones revisadas, se enfrentan con diferentes limitaciones impuestas por las dinámicas urbanas que contradicen las políticas antiobesidad.

En 1968, el Papa Pablo VI viajó por primera vez a América Latina, visitó Bogotá e inauguró  la II Conferencia General del Episcopado Latinoamericano que se celebró en Medellín. El gobierno quería mostrar la cara positiva y moderna de Colombia a invitados, periodistas internacionales, turistas y peregrinos. Las autoridades y los periódicos colombianos se mantuvieron atentos para desmentir las versiones de la prensa internacional sobre los esfuerzos oficiales para maquillar las ciudades y esconder la miseria de la mirada de los visitantes internacionales. Por eso, en los mismos días de la invasión de la Unión Soviética a Checoslovaquia que puso fin a la Primavera de Praga, y mientras Chicago, Brasilia y Ciudad de México vivían las protestas y la represión contra estudiantes, la policía política colombiana también trabajaba sin descanso. Agentes encubiertos del Estado informaron que diversos actores sociales preparaban asambleas y manifestaciones, con la idea de hacer visibles sus demandas y llevar sus propuestas a los obispos latinoamericanos, en un momento en el que sus voces podían ser escuchadas en diversas partes del mundo. Ese público insumiso, disidente, buscó conquistar barrios, calles y plazas de las ciudades para mostrar, con sus acciones, visiones alternativas de sí mismos y de la sociedad, que contestaban abiertamente las representaciones de una sociedad no conflictiva y las miradas pastoriles sobre los pobres emanadas del poder estatal y eclesial. Medellín (rojo) 1968 es una historia de los conflictos sociales, las movilizaciones populares, las pujas políticas y los desafíos simbólicos que acompañaron, muchas veces en las sombras, esta escenificación de Colombia ante el mundo.

Nowadays revitalization is often defined as a comprehensive effort including revalorization, restoration, reconstruction, modernization and actions aimed at the revival of a building, a district or a town devastated in different aspects, also the economic and social ones. The social aspect is among the most significant ones. In other words, there is no complete revitalization without solving social problems. The presented study discusses problems related to the broadly approached revitalization projects and their main directions of development, based on the example of Polish revitalization programmes of territorial self-governmental units. The first part of the paper presents the definitional aspects of revitalization taking into account social, economic, environmental, spatial, functional, cultural and technical dimensions. Moreover, the definition, structure and purpose of a revitalization programme was characterized. Next the primary objectives and current developmental directions of revitalization in Poland were discussed based on the selected applicable revitalization programmes. Today the main directions of revitalization processes in Poland cover: the reduction of poverty and social exclusion, supporting local business, cleaner environment activities, sustainable spatial and functional development, supporting technical infrastructures, promoting culture-based socioeconomic development.

Kad›nlar bana bakard›./ O zaman Beyaz Ruslar vard›/Ve korkunç çalg›lar vard› meyhanelerde/Örücü Nikola'n›n evi vard›, kendi yapt›¤› votkalar›/Vard› Nikola'n›n. Paskalya'da/Çörekler al›rd› bize Nikola… Nikola, bir de Nikola'n›n arkadafl› ‹vanof/Piyano tamircisi ‹vanof'la birlikte/rak›lar içerdik…Ne diyordu ‹vanof, sen ne kadar içsen de/‹çmedin bir gün bile…" Edip Cansever

Roti (Food) | Kapada (Clothing) | Makaan (Shelter)
These three are the basic rights of every citizen. The discrimination and exclusions in satisfying these basic necessities of life results in poverty. Design of interventions is complex due to the deep-rooted social structures, legal frameworks and national policies which have to be addressed if they are identified as constraints for poor people's livelihood.
In the past few decades, the concern for street vendors gained a lot of light. The conflict between them and the city official is never ending and needs to be resolved. This dissertation attempts to highlight the need for an inclusive infrastructure to safeguard the livelihood options of the urban poor and use design as a catalyst to help conceive new solutions that are mutually benefiting to all the stakeholders concerned.

In this article I examine grassroots responses to state-directed urban renewal in two poor neighborhoods in Istanbul. Through detailed analysis of resident perspectives and urban association tactics, I explore various factors that shape the trajectories of
resistance to urban renewal, including solidarity networks, levels of participation and trust in local neighborhood associations, strength of neighborhood identity, extra-local support, and the traditions and channels of negotiation with state actors. I argue that these factors are articulated by a distinct “politics of compensation”—a term that I borrow from Ananya Roy—that is particular to the contemporary neoliberal condition. I find that grassroots mobilizations in Istanbul do not necessarily operate in opposition to neoliberalism; in fact, many struggles remain within the conceptual space of neoliberalism and its cost-benefit calculations. These findings contribute to the emerging literature on struggles against urban renewal in the global south.
Keywords: Istanbul; urban renewal; grassroots resistance; neoliberalism; displacement

What is street art? This paper offers a definition of street art as an art kind or art form based on its essential value: its subversiveness. It argues that street art is essentially subversive partly in virtue of using public space as a technical resource. By hijacking a portion of the urban landscape with its colorful forms and witty designs, street art challenges familiar ways of practicing the city, while creating ‘temporary autonomous zone’ of free expression. There, corporate control over the city’s visible surfaces is ridiculed and people reclaim their right to use the city. In this sense, street art functions as a carnivalesque tactic of social resistance, favoring the emergence of alternative ways to imagine our urban life and our uses of public space. By considering its subversiveness, one can also explain how street art, one the one hand, significantly differs from official public art while, on the other, including graffiti as its original and most radical style.

India has largest concentration of tribal communities in the world except that in Africa. The tribal groups of India are known to be the autochthonous people of the land. This paper examines the development of the primitive tribes in Adilabad district. Nearly 60% respondents are in young age group. Majority tribes of the study area illiterates. About 91% respondents are got married and 87% are follows Hindu religions. Majority respondents are adopted cultivation as their primary occupation and they possess below five acres of dry land. 91% sample respondents use to work in agriculture as labourer for 25 days in a month. 31% tribes do not have any skills and 58% are practicing mono cropping pattern. 52% primitive tribes acquired the modern inputs from Integrated Tribal Development Agency. 87% respondents are earning income less than1500 rupees per month. 73% respondents are opinion that they have got awareness on schemes and programmes of ITDA.

The term globalisation suggests ideas that resemble a process of homogenisation in a global scale.  However, empirical evidence suggests that in numerous places a revitalisation of the local has taken place.  Free Cities are spaces of local revitalisation that have resulted in and from globalisation.  This thesis analyses the development of libertarian Free Cities in Honduras after a Constitutional Crisis that took place in 2009 cut off many of the networks to the global markets of the country for several months.  As a result of this political crisis, politicians and entrepreneurs in Honduras allied and sought for radical ideological changes to the ways in which they took part in international trade.  In 2011 a law creating an autonomous territory inside of Honduras was enacted, and by 2013 a new law modified the Constitution to create the first Free City territories in the world.  A critical analysis of the ideology behind these city projects is the methodology used to do an examination of the ideas behind Libertarianism with interviews done to leaders behind this movement.  The thesis focuses on a critical discussion of the discourse of the interviewees and on how are these ideas relevant to the further perspectivisation of the theories of modernity, globalisation and territorialisation in the field of city building studies.  As well, in understanding how the ideas of the Libertarian ideologues that promote the projects are being reshaped and altered by local, regional and global processes and transformations.

“A la luz de la relación de la disciplina histórica con nuestra llamada sociedad civil, el mérito más destacado de Calvo lsaza radica en su capacidad para abordar con humor e inteligencia no exentos de ironía el tema de los cementerios y la muerte. El desafío no fue de poca monta pues, como lo subraya Ph. Aries (L 'homme devant la mort, París, Seuil, 1977), la laicización no impide que la muerte se haya convertido, como otrora el sexo, en el principal tema tabú del mundo moderno. La contribución de Calvo consiste no solo en ofrecer un trasfondo histórico para sus temas, sino en llevarlos a la conciencia del tiempo presente. En este sentido el texto le esclarece al ciudadano de Bogotá la cuestión de las coordenadas en las que se definirán probablemente la suerte de sus despojos”. José Antonio Amaya, ACHSC, 1999.

Cities used to compete to be monumental - now they compete to be eventful. Processes of globalisation, economic restructuring and urban redevelopment have placed events at the centre of strategies for change in cities. Events offer the potential to achieve economic, social, cultural and environmental aims within broader urban development strategies.

Eventful Cities: cultural management and urban revitalisation aims to analyse the process of cultural event development, management and marketing, and link these processes to their wider cultural, social and economic context. The book provides a unique blend of practical and academic analysis, centred partly on the case study of the European Capitals of Culture (ECOC) over the past 20 years and also on a selection of major festivals and cities where 'the event' has had an important element of development strategy. Cases will include:

ECOC analysed - Glasgow, Brussels, Antwerp, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Lille, Cork, Bruges, Porto, Rotterdam, Santiago, Prague, Cracow, Bologna, Thessaloniki, Weimar, Lisbon, Dublin, Salamanca, Genoa and Graz. In addition, the development of the Cultural Capital concept worldwide will also be used to provide examples from Canada (Vancouver), Chile (Sanitago de Chile), and the USA (Austin). However, a range of other events from different locations and cultural contexts will also be employed to provide comparison and contrast with the ECOC, including Montreal, Edinburgh, Melbourne and Barcelona as festival cities, the First Night events in North America (Boston, Charleston, Toronto), The Fete de la Musique in France and other countries, the Cultural Olympiads held alongside the Olympic Games (e.g. Barcelona, Sydney, Athens), Carnivals in Trinidad, Rio de Janeiro and London, Mardi Gras in New Orleans and Sydney and gastronomic and cultural festivals in Singapore and Thailand.

Eventful Cities: cultural management and urban revitalisation provides the reader with the chance to appreciate the use and limitations of theoretical perspectives as well as the links between theory and practice. Critical success factors are identified which can help to guide other cities and regions in their strategic development. It is essential reading for any student or practitioner involved in event management, cultural management, arts administration, urban studies, cultural studies and tourism.

* Analyses the process of cultural event development, management and marketing and links these processes to their wider cultural, social and economic context
* Provides a unique blend of practical and academic analysis, with a selection of major festivals and cities where 'the event' has had an important element of development strategy
* Examines the reasons why different stakeholders should collaborate, as well as the reasons why partnerships succeed or fail

A comparative study on spatial planning and regional development, and territorial restructuring in developing countries shows few general trends mixed in different patterns. Amongst them those on territorial dynamics constitute the focus of this book.
The methodology of the comparison is based on the use of a common set of frameworks by the experts of the different national cases including emerging countries and less developed countries from three continents and several cultural areas. Territorial authorities, institutions, projects, local governments and spatial initiatives with their relative areas and jurisdictions are positioned according to their origins. level  and scales on a set of figures. The figures are used to differentiate territorial objects and stakeholders by levels (from international to local), tier and scales and by nature, origins and functions. Using a model of the relationship and financial links, three spheres of territorial powers are distinguished, each with its own set of dynamics: the sphere of state territories emanating from the central state apparatus and from devolution (local government); the sphere of operational territories driven by private or public sector; and the sphere of emergent territories with area based development projects, ranging from community based to interregional cooperation.
Five main tendencies characterize developing countries in the era of globalization:
devolution, participation, concession, regionalization and autonomization. Those trends are not always represented and are combined in different national configurations.
For instance Morocco and South Africa, two African emergent countries present contrasting patterns with some common trends. Their respective nexus deal with their different historical and political backgrounds and the resulting contrasted approaches to spatial planning and territorial management despite the present common context of devolution and promotion of stakeholders and spaces for civil society and the private sector.

PROPOSAL MAKAN SANTRI RAMADHAN 1436H- AYO TINGKATKAN NILAI IBADAH KITA
"Barangsiapa memberi makan kepada orang yang berpuasa maka baginya seperti pahala orang yang berpuasa itu tanpa mengurangi sedikitpun dari pahalanya. " (HR. Ahmad dan At-Tirmidzi).

The analysis of spoken discourse of selected urban poor women is an ethnographic study that I conducted in Manila, Philippines. The main objective of the research is to analyze the informal talk of urban poor women in the natural setting using the three-dimensional framework on Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1995). The triadic process of community integration, observation, and documentation or TRIOD was designed to facilitate the immersion in the target community and captured the natural conversations of urban poor women. After four weeks of fieldwork, seven transcripts were gathered and used as the basis for analysis. Hence, the communication strategies, language functions, discourse identities and social relevance of the topics in the spoken discourse of urban poor women will be presented in this paper and I hope it will trigger a discourse-oriented action toward social change.
Keywords: Critical discourse analysis, ethnography, spoken discourse, poor women

Despite the recent electoral defeat of the Hindu nationalist party, the BJP, Hindu nationalist organizations led by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) remain a dominant force in several parts of India particularly as most of them operate outside the electoral arena as charitable NGOs providing welfare services such as education and healthcare to poor urban communities. In fact, economic liberalization in India has been accompanied by massive welfare projects initiated by Hindu right-wing organizations.

Lombrosians and the people. Social sciences and lower classes in Italy between 19th and 20th centuries The article analyzes the representation of the "subaltern" in studies carried out between the late 19th and the early 20th centuries by two of Cesare Lombroso's pupils, Alfredo Niceforo and Scipio Sighele. The two works focus on Lombroso's theories and devote a particular attention to psychological and cultural hierarchies.

In the new era of competition among cities – globally – Istanbul has become once again the focus of Turkey's economic development effort. The dissolution of the Soviet Bloc and the growth of economic and cultural linkages between the Turkic-speaking states, plus the turbulent dynamics of the Middle East, have created a new macro-regional environment. There is no other major city centre to compete with Istanbul in a vast area stretching from the Balkans to the Caucasus, the Ukraine to Lebanon. Istanbul's size, history and location meant it was bound to play an increasingly prominent role as regional trade, networks and incomes became more interconnected. Although Istanbul is not the formal capital of Turkey, it is far and away Turkey's largest and most important urban concentration. As such, the Turkish state has allocated it central role in its vision for economic and cultural transformation. This paper traces the footprints in Istanbul of the unfolding ‘project’ of Turkish integration with the world economy. Following a brief outline of the history of the city since the nineteenth century, it focuses on recent attempts to reposition the country in the global arena, and highlights their ramifications for the urban form of Istanbul.

Europe, in this paper I examine what people within Pentecostal faith communities do with pharmaceuticals. As shown by research on 'the social life of medicines,' medical objects such as pills and capsules can be used in a number of ways. It has been argued that the 'thingness' of pharmaceuticals makes them significant objects in social exchanges. Within Pentecostal practice the connecting and communicative aspects of pharmaceuticals gain another dimension. Pills and substances can become points of contact for God and facilitate the experience of God's influence

This dissertation inquires into the forms of social reproduction of the urban poor under a process of accumulation in which real estate and finance capital have a preeminent role. My main hypothesis is that the forms of reciprocity and conflict at the scale of the household and the locality are deeply entangled with the reproduction of real estate and financial processes of accumulation. Capitalist relations regulated by the state become increasingly embedded in the everyday tensions of households and localities. This embeddedness configures social space and the dispositions, values and meanings that structure it, which simultaneously constitute the basis for particular forms of exploitation and rent-seeking activities. Following the main hypothesis, I provide a historical and anthropological explanation of the production of a particular working-class world. In this system of social reproduction, the creation and development of the construction industry goes hand in hand with the emergence of homeownership and the gradual penetration of credit as basic elements in the pursuit of livelihood. In this analysis, I expose a changing pattern whereby conflicts inherent to the production of social space and to the process of accumulation are progressively exacerbated. This transformation emerges at three different scales that are inextricably linked: the household, the neighborhood and the space of capital circulation – all of them regulated by the state. /// This research is based on 21 months of life and fieldwork in Ciutat Meridiana, a housing project on the immediate periphery of Barcelona. The rationale for choosing an impoverished neighborhood is simple: it is in the lowest regions of the urban space that the tensions inherent to the reproduction of a particular mode of production and a particular kind of society are often most clearly expressed.

Küresel kapitalizmin dünya çapında hızlı yükselişi ve küreselleşme ile kentler bir dönüşüm ve yeniden yapılanma sürecine girmiştir. Artan nüfus artışı, ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişmeler kentlerin zaman içinde geçirdiği değişimlerin ana kaynağını oluşturmuştur. Küreselleşme ile ortaya çıkan
ekonomik güç ve işlevsellik yerel karakterin korunmasının önüne geçerken kent mekânında da toplumsal açıdan bir karmaşaya neden olmuştur. 1960 yılından itibaren kentleşme ve göç oranlarının artmasıyla birlikte özellikle büyük kentlerde küresel sermayenin ekonomik ve toplumsal yaşamdaki hâkimiyeti kentsel çevredeki eşitsizlik ve adaletsizliği de beraberinde getirmiştir. Öte yandan, kent mekânlarında mevcut stokların tükenmesi ile ortaya çıkan kentsel problemlerin çözümüne yönelik olarak geliştirilen var olan kentsel mekânı iyileştirme ya da kent içindeki çöküntü alanlarının yeniden planlanmasıyla yeni kent mekânları yaratma seçenekleri gündeme gelmektedir. Yeniden yapılaşma
politikaları çerçevesinde ise kent mekânı, toplum ve kent kimliğinin bu yeni kent mekânları yaratma seçeneklerinden nasıl etkileneceği sorusu bu çalışmanın çıkış noktasını oluştururken günümüz kentleri için yanıtlanması gereken önemli bir sorudur.

Bu çerçeve kapsamında Türkiye’nin önemli kentlerinden olan İzmir ele alındığında, giderek metalaşan ve yerel değerlerin yok olduğu kentlerin yanı sıra içe dönük ve özgün yapısı ile yerel kimliğini diğer kentlere oranla daha iyi koruyabilmiş olmasına rağmen ‘dünya kenti’ olma hedefiyle küreselleşmenin etkilerini de izlemek mümkündür. İzmir’in çok katmanlı yapısı ile tarihi ve kültürel yer’e ait değerleri, kırsalı ve küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle dönüşen kent mekânlarını bünyesinde barındırdığı görülebilir. Bu çalışmada incelenecek olan, İzmir’in kent merkezinde yer alan Damlacık bölgesi bu açıdan önemli bir örnektir. Bölge, bugün kent içi çöküntü alanı olarak belirlenmiş ve kentsel dönüşüm, kamulaştırma ile tekrar yapılandırılmak istenmektedir. Bölge, kentsel, tarihi ve doğal sit
alanı olması, tarihi Agora’ya yakınlığı ve birçok tescilli yapıya ev sahipliği yapması açısından önemlidir. Bölgenin, küreselleşmenin bir sonucu olarak kentlerde açığa çıkan ‘yerinden edilme’ durumu ya da ‘soylulaştırma’ projesiyle ile karşı karşıya kalması olasıdır. Bu bağlamda, Damlacık bölgesi İzmir’de kent mekânının yeniden üretimi ve toplumsal dönüşüm bağlamında tartışılacaktır. Tescilli yapılar, yapılı çevrenin işlevsel kullanımları, bölgenin tarihsel süreçteki sosyolojik ve mekânsal açıdan değişimi irdelenecektir. Ayrıca, bölge halkıyla yapılacak olan anket çalışması ile çalışma desteklenerek bu bölgede yaşayan kentlinin kentle olan ilişkisi ‘kentleşme’, ‘küreselleşme’ olguları etrafında sorgulanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Küreselleşme, yerel ölçek, sosyo-mekânsal dönüşüm, kent mekânı, İzmir.

Czasopismo "Studia Bliskowschodnie" zostało wydane dzięki wsparciu finansowemu Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. The academic magazine "Studia Bliskowschodnie" has been released thanks to the financial support of the Doctoral Student Association of the Jagiellonian University-Towarzystwo Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagielońskiego.

Geçtiğimiz yüzyılda dünya üzerinde egemen olmaya başlayan ve günümüzde giderek keskinleşen "eşitsiz gelişme" 1 ve bu kapsamda öne çıkan "kentsel yoksulluk" sorununun, engelleyici ve düzenleyici politikalar üretilemediği taktirde, içine girdiğimiz yüzyılın temel problemlerinin başında geleceği, artık geniş kitleler tarafından kabul edilmeye başlandı. Ancak bu kabul ediş, giderek daha fazla telaffuz ediş ve sahipleniş, dünyanın önünde duran bu çok boyutlu sorunun çözümünde ne derece başarılı olunabileceğinin cevabını vermekten henüz uzak görünmektedir. 1980'li yılların başından itibaren Uluslararası Para Fonu ve Dünya Bankası tarafından uygulanan ekonomik programlar ve Dünya Ticaret Örgütünün politikaları gelişmiş ve gelişmemiş tüm dünya ülkelerinde toplumsal kutuplaşmaları ve servetin yoğunlaşmasını artırmaktadır. Dünya ülkelerinin karşı karşıya kaldığı bu temel sorun, zaten kırılgan üretim kapasitesi ve dağıtım mekanizmalarına sahip olan ve küreselleşmenin etkileriyle daha da istikrarsız ve dengesiz hale gelen Türkiye'de ve benzer ülkelerde öncelikli gündem maddesi haline gelmiştir. Sosyal refah devleti uygulamalarının gelişmiş Batı ülkelerine oranla tarihsel olarak çok daha zayıf olduğu ülkemizde, 1980 sonrasında izlenen neo-liberal politikalar toplumsal kutuplaşmayı derinleştirmiş; varsıl ile yoksul arasındaki uçurumu daha da artırmış ve genelde yoksulluğu özelde ise kent yoksulluğunu mesleki ve akademik çevrelerin gündemine taşımıştır.

INFOLIO ignazio vinci lorenzo canale fabio cutaia carmelo Galati tardanico angela saccomanno mohamed ali Khalil barbara lino francesca lotta simona rubino maria laura scaduto simone tulumello fabio cernigliaro rita failla annalisa contato alessandra raccuglia luca raimondo rosangela formoso INFOLIO dipartimento di architettura sezione città, territorio, paesaggio via dei Cartari 19b, 90133 Palermo Tel. +39 091 60790108 -Fax +39 091 60790113 r

City spaces have always captivated filmmakers to capture the miniscule details of what lies within their complicated fabric. Cinema is capable of constructing mental images that reflect individuals’ thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Within the Egyptian context, informal settlements have been captured by cinematic images since the late 1980s as an attempt to defy the negative image that was imposed upon them by state officials, hence influencing public opinion. This thesis aims to analyze an ongoing phenomenon through the use of Egyptian cinematic lens as a powerful tool in presenting striking vivid images to the wider audience. The main theoretical framework that underlies the structure of the thesis is the notion of cine-spatial representation – basically it bounds the exterior dimensions of narrative space, where its projection on screen conveys a new level of spatial representation. The cine-spatial representation theory aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of space through its projection within cinematic images. Basically, it synthesizes the notions of narrative space, image representation, and representational space to be able to identify and analyze the symbolic features on the big screen, which would characterize certain segments of reality. By applying such theory on informal urbanism portrayed in Egyptian films, readers conclude with spatial symbolic features, on both the tangible and the abstract levels, redefining the socio-spatial identity of a fast-spreading occurrence, as well as countering the stereotype enforced on the local dwellers by the higher societal classes through state media. Therefore, this thesis does not present fixed statistical dead-end figures, rather it is more of an analysis of an existent circumstance that is yet to be learnt from.

Space truly becomes a place not merely because of the built and the unbuilt that design it, but also because of the way its users use it, behave around it, interact with it, and interact with each other in it. Space that surrounds every individual, in which an individual exists, interacts and performs, is known as “Human Space”. Organization of the Built environment around the users within their ‘human space’ is known as “Spatial Order” which is the key to formulation of non-verbal communication. Non verbal communication refers to the body language an individual adopts in order to convey a message to the fellow users of the space. This Non-verbal language subsequently becomes the basis of verbal communication that lays the foundation of Human Behavior within a particular spatial order.

The article discusses Turkey's property-led residential redevelopment model. This entails the demolition of an existing settlement, replacing it with blocks of apartments (usually constructed on the exact same site and at a higher density), some of which are then made available to displaced residents for purchase via mortgage loans with long maturities. While the authorities promote this model of urban renewal as an innovative public housing policy, I argue that, far from being an exception to market-rate housing, the model is in fact a market-disciplinary tool. It seeks to incorporate into the formal market not just spontaneously developed and only partially regulated spaces, but also the conduct of residents living in these informal neighborhoods. The article contributes to the immense literature on urban renewal and organized struggles around the right to housing by showing that urban renewal is not simply about dispossession and displacement. In the Turkish case, urban renewal does not necessarily seek to displace poor residents (even though it often ends up doing so), rather to incorporate them into a nascent mortgage origination market. The second half of the article introduces and elaborates on a case study in Istanbul.